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Brodie, Donald. "Preparation of Marine Pollution Contingency Plans for Small Island Nations". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1991, nr 1 (1.03.1991): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1991-1-25.
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ABSTRACT Many small and remote nations of the South Pacific depend primarily on subsistence fisheries for their livelihoods. The foreshores of many of these nations are fringed by coral reefs, on which very active marine ecological systems depend. Oil spills in these areas would have a serious effect both on these systems and on the islands’ economic activities. As part of the International Maritime Organization technical assistance program for Pacific Island nations, the Australian government has carried out a number of missions to develop marine pollution contingency plans. This paper discusses the essential issues for these plans, which are often based on an assumption of low risk, but need to recognize the severe effect that a pollution incident would have on the community and the environment. The linking of national plans with effective regional assistance arrangements is also discussed.
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BRYANT, BRIAN. "Consultants with Military Background". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, nr 1 (1.05.2017): 2017082. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.000082.
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The smallest of the nation's uniformed armed services, the United States Coast Guard's basic missions relate to maritime safety, mobility, and security; national defense, and natural resources protection. It is responsible for enforcement of maritime laws and marine environmental pollution response. The Coast Guard offers many career opportunities for enlisted personnel, including Marine Science Technician (MST). MSTs conduct marine-safety activities such as investigating pollution incidents and monitoring pollution clean-ups. Possible scientific duties include responding to oil and hazardous-materials spills, observing and forecasting weather. An increasing number of civilian employers are becoming more aware of the unique strengths former military personnel can bring with them to a consultant position. A consultant is someone who has expertise in a specific area or areas and offers unbiased opinions and advice for a fee. There are many reasons why the private and public sector need consultants for problem solving. One very important reason; Government regulatory compliance. Government regulations at all levels are constantly changing, and companies are frequently not prepared or trained to comply. Consultants may be retained to provide expertise to assist a company in complying economically, efficiently, and with the least amount of trauma to the organization. They can also be hired to provide in-house training to keep staff informed of new management and supervisory techniques or technical knowledge and to improve employee safety. Successful consultants often possess certain attributes. They can be identified with good physical and mental health, professional etiquette and courtesy, stability of behavior and self-confident. In addition to these skills, here are two military-related attributes that most companies find attractive and will help any organization simplify the task at hand. Loyalty to the Team. Military personnel bring with them an intrinsic understanding of how loyalty adds to team proficiency and builds trust in a work environment. For business leaders looking to make an improvement in their company, military personnel often outperform other candidates as proven team players, as demonstrated by hard work, motivation, and dedication. Reliable Work Ethic. Knowing the importance of adhering to a schedule and consistently performing well at work demonstrates professional maturity. One of the most difficult challenges to hiring professionals is being able to accurately judge candidates in these areas. Through service, training, and lifestyle, former military personnel will typically have the work ethic that any business owner would be thrilled to replicate in all of the organization's employees.
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International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept. "Bosnia and Herzegovina: Technical Assistance Report-Government Finance Statistics Mission". IMF Staff Country Reports 18, nr 25 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781484339923.002.
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International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept. "Bosnia and Herzegovina: Technical Assistance Report-Government Finance Statistics Mission". IMF Staff Country Reports 18, nr 26 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781484339978.002.
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International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept. "Bosnia and Herzegovina: Technical Assistance Report-Government Finance Statistics Mission". IMF Staff Country Reports 18, nr 27 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781484340073.002.
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International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept. "Bosnia and Herzegovina: Technical Assistance Report-Government Finance Statistics Mission". IMF Staff Country Reports 18, nr 29 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781484340196.002.
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Kalimuthu, Arumugam, i S. Ramesh Ramesh. "A case study on the development of Swachh Gram by Vattavada Tribal Community: Way to Sanitation for All". South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 5, nr 6 (11.03.2016): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.5(6).p297-304.
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Achieving Clean India by 2016 is the aim of the present government. While 50 % of Indians continue to defecate in openKerala State had ensured 96 % of sanitation coverage, with only 19 gram panchayats remaining as a challenge to declare the state as Nirmal Rajya State. Vattavada, in Devikulam block of Idukki District is one among those Panchayats, where hardly only 15% of the households had access to sanitation. A special project was conceived by the Suchitwa Mission of Kerala State Government which was ably supported by the local panchayat and Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Institute based at Kodaikanal to make the panchyat Open defecation. The advisory, implementation and funding support was given Government of India and Suchitwa Mission, Government of Kerala. The Technical support for toilet construction, demand creation and other need based IEC activities were carried out by WASH Institute. The district administration provided staff and monitoring support. The Suchitwa Mission also played a significant role in guiding, coordinating, supervising and helping in timely release of subsidy for the beneficiaries. The identification and selection of beneficiaries, execution and management of the project was done by Panchayat administration. The coordinated efforts of all these agencies resulted in 98 % sanitation coverage in the Panchayat and this case study captures the same.
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ANUPAM BARIK. "Policy interventions, market, and trade considerations with special reference to rapeseed and mustard". Journal of Oilseeds Research 40, nr 1 and 2 (5.07.2023): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.56739/y6qhaa93.
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Rapeseed and mustard oil is one of the most consumed edible oils in India due to pungency and colour. India needs nearly 15-20 million tonnes of rapeseed and mustard seed to meet its growing demand as against current production of 9-10 million tonnes of seeds. As per WHO standards, mustard oil with low saturated fatty acid content and high mono unsaturated fatty acid content is a healthy oil and therefore needs special importance in domestic edible oil basket. Currently (2022-23), Government of India (GOI) is implementing National Food Security Mission (NFSM) - (Oilseeds & Oil palm) for increasing oilseeds production and area expansion under oil palm. The NFSM (OS&OP) will be dropped and two new Scheme National Mission on Edible oils (NMEO)-Oilseeds and NMEO-Oil Palm will be implemented with the aim to enhance the edible oilseeds production and oils availabilityin the countrybyharnessing oilseeds and palmoil productivityand to reduce import burden on edible oils. Besides, NMEO-OS the private participation in technology demonstration, input supply, procurement of produce, value addition, infrastructure development and honey production are very much essential to increase edible oils production.
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Bavister, Richard, i Jon Wonham. "CONTINGENCY PLANNING FOR OIL SPILL RESPONSE: A PROGRAM OF JOINT IMO/OIL INDUSTRY REGIONAL SEMINARS". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1993, nr 1 (1.03.1993): 781–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1993-1-781.
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ABSTRACT Cooperative efforts between the oil industry and governments at the national and local levels have resulted in a series of reports for both technical and general audiences on subjects relating to oil spills, as well as an ongoing series of government/industry regional seminars for senior executives. The seminars emphasize the crucial importance of joint government/industry attention to contingency planning. These activities, which are continuing, are organized under the auspices of an International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association working group, and the International Maritime Organization. Feedback is solicited from seminar participants for use in planning further seminars and to give the IMO a clear picture of follow up activities that have resulted from the seminars.
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Ozogu, A. Nanadeinboemi, H. Olabimtan Olabode i C. Chukwurah Ndubuisi. "Technical Report on Harmful Impact of Illegal Bunkering of Crude Oil on the People and Environment of the Igbomatoru Community, Bayelsa, Niger Delta, Nigeria". Journal of Innovative Research 1, nr 1 (7.05.2023): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/jir.v1i1.1531.
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Nigeria is blessed with crude oil in an abundance, which makes it one of the largest oil producers in Africa. Illegal crude oil bunkering is a regular activity in the Niger Delta region in Nigeria. The trend of illegal bunkering of crude oil activities in the Niger Delta has turned out to be a key concern to the people, government, and the international body. This makes it deem fit to carry out an assessment of the continued negative impact of vandalism, crude oil theft, and illegal bunkering of oil production activities in the Igbomatoru community in Southern Ijaw Local Government Area (SILGA), Bayelsa, Niger Delta area. This report critically examines the negative impact of vandalism and crude oil theft, negative impacts of illegal bunkering of crude oil activities in the community, and finding lasting possible solution to the problem of illegal bunkering of crude oil in the Igbomotoru community. Based on the investigation, some recommendations have been made, including that the government should promote a kick-start of cellular refinery programme to close the refining gap with strong local participation, provide legitimate employment opportunities, make better use of surveillance techniques, youth empowerment programmes should be carried out through vocational training, government should clean-up the degraded sites, government should give free education for the youths and children in the community, and government ought to promptly arrest and prosecute offenders of crude oil theft.
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Dawson, Maurice. "National Cybersecurity Education: Bridging Defense to Offense". Land Forces Academy Review 25, nr 1 (1.03.2020): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/raft-2020-0009.
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AbstractDefense Secretary Robert Gates approved the creation of a unified cyber command under the Obama Administration that was focused on cyber operations. This organization was to oversee the protection of government networks against cyber threats known and unknown. Coupled with growing attacks on national infrastructure, digital theft of intellectual property, and election meddling has the United States government actively working to develop cybersecurity talent. Some of the changes that have come as a result are more specialized degree program accreditation, technical frameworks, and policies to help usher this realization of the need to address the shortage of talent for today’s mission.
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Chang, Shu-Hao, i Hsin-Yuan Chang. "The study of patent portfolio strategies of oil shale developers". International Journal of Innovation Science 8, nr 3 (5.09.2016): 254–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijis-06-2016-0009.
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Purpose The development of oil shale has become a popular technique in the energy industry in recent years. Although more research attention has been paid to this topic, there are scanty studies on patent portfolios. This study aims to explore this current mainstream technique and the patent portfolios of oil shale developers and investigates the major assignees at present to find the technical development trend of oil shale as a reference for government, policy makers, investors and industrial strategic development. Design/methodology/approach This study applies correspondence analysis and K-means clustering analysis on data mining and probes into the competitive techniques and strategic groups of the main enterprises in the oil shale industry. In addition, by approval dates, this study analyzes technical directions and the development trends of the current main oil shale enterprises. Findings The findings show differences in the enterprises regarding technical positions and patent portfolio strategies. Originality/value Differential positioning analysis suggests the relative technical advantages of the various enterprises and evaluates the competition among oil shale enterprises.
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Novita, Nova. "Socialization of Indonesia Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) Certification Obligations for Smallholders Palm Oil Plantation in West Pasaman District". Asian Journal of Community Services 3, nr 2 (28.02.2024): 245–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/ajcs.v3i2.8021.
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This socialization aims to socialize the obligation of ISPO certification for independent oil palm farmers. This socialization activity was attended by Supervisors, Management, and representatives of the Heads of Farmer Groups of three Palm Oil Plantation Cooperatives in West Pasaman Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The results of the socialization showed that most participants agreed to take part in certification as long as the government provided price guarantees and technical and financial support. The socialization results also show that with the current conditions, oil palm farmers in the three cooperatives still need to meet ISPO requirements. The concern of local governments and relevant palm oil organizations in providing technical and financial support will influence the achievement of the ISPO certification program targets, improve Indonesia's welfare, and enhance the image of Indonesia's sustainable palm oil.
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International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept. "Bosnia and Herzegovina: Technical Assistance Report-Government Finance Statistics Diagnostic Mission-Institutional Units and Public Sector Debt". IMF Staff Country Reports 18, nr 28 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781484340134.002.
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Peng, Daniel Chan Kok. "BUILDING PREPAREDNESS IN ASIA: A PARTNERSHIP APPROACH". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2008, nr 1 (1.05.2008): 187–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-187.
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ABSTRACT The International Maritime Organization'S (IMO) “International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation, 1990” (OPRC 90) has been in force for more than 12 years now. IMO has been instrumental in setting up and providing both technical support and funding for various regional arrangements that provide the platform to achieve the objectives laid out by the Convention, both at the regional and national level. These efforts were sometimes carried out through the IMO/International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association (IPIECA) Global Initiative (GI) Programme with strong support from national government and industry. Generally across Asia, national governments have to take preparedness to the provincial government level where the operational issues and challenges lie, often beyond the remit of existing technical support and funding from external organisations. The task of developing an integrated preparedness and response solution often involves inter-agency cooperation both at the national and local government level that may have competing priorities that outstrips available resources. A possible solution to this is through “Partnerships” among stakeholders, as the new paradigm that seeks to involve relevant stakeholders at the local provincial level where most of the practical challenges are. In East Asia Seas region, PEMSEA NETWORK OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS FOR SUSTAINABLE COASTAL DEVELOPMENT (PNLG) formed on 13 December 2006 recognises that oil spill preparedness and response is an integral part of the sustainable coastal development. This provides a platform for such “Partnerships” that integrate the different elements of preparedness between local government and industry at the provincial level. Oil Spill Response and East Asia Response Ltd (OSRL/EARL) is a ‘not for profit’ Tier 3 response organisation with a regional base in Singapore for the Asia Pacific Region. Recognising the importance and issues surrounding oil spill preparedness and response we had been proactively involved in the region for the past six years through our advocacy activities that seek to address these challenges with the support of the oil industry. OSRL/EARL on 16 December 2006 joined the East Asian Seas (EAS) Partnership Council as a member to provide the technical support and operational expertise to enhance oil spill preparedness in high risk areas in the region.
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Schroeder, Art J., Magdi Omar, Robert E. DeHart, Mohamed A. Fawzi i Ian Stirk. "PROMOTING OIL SPILL PREPAREDNESS IN EGYPT: JOINT GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY EXERCISE". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1997, nr 1 (1.04.1997): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-247.
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ABSTRACT In October 1996, Mobil, Amoco, and Amoco's Egyptian joint venture partner, Gupco (Gulf of Suez Petroleum Company), conducted a tier III oil spill exercise with key government authorities, including the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) and the Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC). This joint exercise represented a significant step forward in promoting global government and industry cooperation in preparedness and response to major oil spills. The exercise involved high-level decision makers from key Egyptian government agencies charged with responding to oil spills. Other participants were local, regional, and international tier II and III consultants and contractors, including responders from Oil Spill Response Limited (OSRL) in Southampton, England. During the exercise, onshore response equipment was deployed, and civil aviation, customs, and immigration issues related to air transport of equipment and mobilization of personnel to Egypt were tested. Technical resources from the Integrated Simulators Complex in Alexandria, Egypt, were used by the response team in developing strategies to deal with the oil spill scenario. Professional media personnel were used to test issues pertaining to government and public affairs. This exercise, which was observed by the Egyptian Red Sea governor and the U.S. ambassador, demonstrates that Egyptian authorities are working to become a “center of excellence” in oil spill preparedness for the Middle East, Eastern Mediterranean, and North African region.
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Mattiuzzi, Elizabeth, i Sarah Simms. "Recent Innovations in Reducing Home Energy Costs and Improving Resilience for Low- and Moderate-Income Renters and Homeowners". Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, Community Development Research Brief Series 2023, nr 4 (15.11.2023): 01–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24148/cdrb2023-4.
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Community Development (CD) practitioners across the western U.S. are engaging in new efforts to reduce energy costs and improve resilience for low- and moderate-income (LMI) communities and other populations that face barriers to economic participation and household financial stability. Energy costs and resilience are factors in housing stability, which impacts economic participation. New federal and state funding sources, as well as growing involvement from philanthropy and Community Reinvestment Act (CRA)-motivated investors, have prompted growth in energy cost savings and resilience (ECSR) options for LMI households. To help scale this work, CD practitioners are experimenting with partnerships—between workforce development providers and employers, mission-driven lenders and nonprofits, state government and utilities, retrofit companies and the public sector, state government and municipalities, to name a few. These partnerships have led to innovations in lending (for homeowners, renters, and landlords), technical implementation of retrofits, coordination across programs, consumer protection, workforce development, and technical assistance (TA) for CD practitioners. This brief provides descriptive findings from focus groups and interviews about ESCR-related work in the CD field and discusses takeaways for policy and practice.
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Mattiuzzi, Elizabeth, i Sarah Simms. "Recent Innovations in Reducing Home Energy Costs and Improving Resilience for Low- and Moderate-Income Renters and Homeowners". Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, Community Development Research Brief Series 2023, nr 04 (15.11.2023): 01–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24148/cdrb2023-04.
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Community Development (CD) practitioners across the western U.S. are engaging in new efforts to reduce energy costs and improve resilience for low- and moderate-income (LMI) communities and other populations that face barriers to economic participation and household financial stability. Energy costs and resilience are factors in housing stability, which impacts economic participation. New federal and state funding sources, as well as growing involvement from philanthropy and Community Reinvestment Act (CRA)-motivated investors, have prompted growth in energy cost savings and resilience (ECSR) options for LMI households. To help scale this work, CD practitioners are experimenting with partnerships—between workforce development providers and employers, mission-driven lenders and nonprofits, state government and utilities, retrofit companies and the public sector, state government and municipalities, to name a few. These partnerships have led to innovations in lending (for homeowners, renters, and landlords), technical implementation of retrofits, coordination across programs, consumer protection, workforce development, and technical assistance (TA) for CD practitioners. This brief provides descriptive findings from focus groups and interviews about ESCR-related work in the CD field and discusses takeaways for policy and practice.
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Hillman, Sharon O., i Lynda Hyce. "Stakeholder Communication: Progress Through Cooperation". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, nr 1 (1.03.2001): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-1-137.
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ABSTRACT Oil spill prevention and response embody both technical and communication issues. On the technical side, Alyeska Pipeline Service Company/SERVS has worked diligently to provide a major spill prevention program for the transportation of Alaska North Slope crude through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) from Prudhoe Bay to Hinchinbrook Entrance. Significant reductions to potential risks have been achieved by designing and commissioning new marine equipment for the tanker escorting service and implementing well-coordinated procedures. In addition, the response side continues to be enhanced through focused training by using improved equipment and technologies. Prince William Sound Regional Citizens' Advisory Council's (RCAC) mission includes communications and oversight. The RCAC and Alyeska attempt to work cooperatively at all levels—from concept, to technical analyses, to policy decision making, and through implementation and verification. In that context, stakeholder communication is a continuous challenge for both organizations. This paper discusses the challenges of communicating using a collaborative problem-solving approach.
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Wang, Hsien-chun. "Revisiting the Niuzhuang Oil Mill (1868–1870): Transferring Western Technology into China". Enterprise & Society 14, nr 4 (grudzień 2013): 749–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/es/kht053.
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In 1868, the prominent British firm, Jardine, Matheson & Co., opened the Niuzhuang Oil Mill, one of China’s earliest mechanized factories, but closed it in 1870. The mill faced no oppositions from local government officials but suffered from some technical defects. It produced better quality products that obtained higher prices. This essay argues that the mill’s failure had to do with high capital costs and low profitability.
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Fathonah, Meilinia, i Dhanang Respati Puguh. "Lawatan Misi Kesenian Mangkunegaran ke Mancanegara 1989: Kontribusi bagi Pembangunan Nasional". Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha 7, nr 1 (19.12.2022): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jscl.v7i1.46597.
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This study argues the Mangkunegaran Arts Mission Visit to foreign countries in 1989 as an effort to contribute to Indonesia's national development. The mission which held in 1989, exactly a year after K.G.P.H. Djiwokusumo was inaugurated as the head of the Mangkunegaran Temple with the title K.G.P.A. Mangkunegara IX. The countries which had been visited on the tips were France, Britain and Japan which had become the member of Group of Seven (G-7) and had a large share in determining international economic policy. The decline in the country's foreign exchange in 1986 due to the devaluation of Rupiah against the dollar as well as on the declined of oil and gas prices spurred the New Order government to promote tourism as an alternative solution. The visit of the Mangkunegaran Arts Mission to foreign countries has become one of the promotional media for Indonesian tourism to attract foreign tourists. This momentum can not be separated from the great mission of Mangkunegara VIII and the pre-eminent oath of Mangkunegara IX to develop Mangkunegaran as a center of Javanese culture. Through historical methods, this study reveals the reasons and process of the implementation of Mangkunegaran Arts Mission Visit and explores the meaning of the visit for Indonesia's national development during the New Order Period. Because it moves from the momentum of an arts mission tour, this study can be used as a basis for policy making in the future.
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Maulani, Yuli, i Sri Lestari. "Developing Blueprint for Public Services Information System in the District of Indonesia using Enterprise Architecture Planning Method". JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 4, nr 4 (18.12.2020): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.4.4.346.
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Local government agencies, namely districts as regional technical implementers, are inseparable from the obligation to implement information technology, or better known as e-government, to create cohesiveness. Information systems in the district support the implementation of daily activities by only taking into account current needs without regard to conformity with the vision and mission and future needs of the district. Districts need careful planning in the form of architecture to complete the direction of the subdistrict strategy. This study aims to create a blueprint for developing information systems using the Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) methodology. Blueprint is designed to produce four main activities in the district, namely planning, government administration, integrated services, and governance with ten recommendations for cloud server-based applications, 5 of which use mobile platforms. The application has been mapped in the application portfolio to provide recommendations for implementing the application as a reference, clear guidelines, and plans for the development of the overall information system.
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Al-Jassar, Sulaiman. "Fundamental and Technical Trading in the Emerging Market of an Oil-Based Economy". Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 22, nr 01 (marzec 2019): 1950006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091519500061.
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This paper investigates the roles played by technicians and fundamentalists in the emerging stock market of Kuwait. The impact on stock prices of traders whose actions are founded on technical analysis is differentiated from the impact of traders whose actions are based on fundamental analysis. This differentiation is performed by formulating, estimating and testing a model relating changes in stock prices to the actions of fundamentalists, technicians and the government. Both technicians and fundamentalists are found to contribute to stock price determination, with the former contribution appearing more significant, even when accounting for governmental intervention. Some explanations for these findings are presented.
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Kurniawati, A. S., A. I. Pratiwi, N. R. Ariyani, M. Septiani i N. A. Sasongko. "Utilization of palm oil based biofuel to support sustainable energy transition in Indonesia". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1108, nr 1 (1.11.2022): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1108/1/012038.
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Abstract Palm oil is a component that can be a mainstay to support the need for sustainable energy transition. In order to implement and achieve sustainable development, palm oil-based biofuel is being developed. In addition, the government has begun to develop a mandatory biodiesel program, so that an adequate supply of biofuel from palm oil is required. This research refers to the utilization of crude palm oil to produce biofuel supplies as a way of implementing and achieving sustainable development. This paper is based on bibliographical research and document studies. Palm oil can bring considerable opportunities for the benefit of the people and achieve government goals. However, this must be accompanied by good management, especially palm oil as a commodity that has a fairly complex upstream-downstream flow, followed by quite heavy problems and obstacles. The mandatory implementation of biodiesel is still constrained by various technical problems, namely infrastructure, quality, logistics, demand, and incentives. Implementation of biodiesel mandatory program policy also has an impact on the economic and environmental side. Biodiesel production can grow consistently with strategic policies across stakeholders.
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Widyarsana, I. Made Wahyu, Sukandar i Windy Chyntia Dewi. "Risk-Based Screening Level Analysis and Landfill "Cap" Design of Crude Oil Contaminated Soil Stockpile in Riau Province, Indonesia". International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 12, nr 2 (2021): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2021.12.2.1316.
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In this study, a crude-oil contaminated stockpile is analyzed to understand the health risks and technical approach in its remediation. The stockpile has an approximate area of 13 hectares, with an approximate volume of 1.300.000 m3. Relaxed government regulations regarding environmental protection up in 2014 have made stockpiling crude-oil contaminated soils commonplace in Indonesia's oil and gas fields. The stockpile has a flat-shaped landscape, sloping at approximately 10 to 15 degrees, with a varied elevation ranging from 29 meters to 31 meters, peaking at 31.5 meters. This study's objective was to correctly identify the best curative approach to remediate the location to adhere to the Indonesian Government standards and best practices. A landfill "cap" aims to treat the hazardous waste stockpile similar to a typical landfill, though with the absence of the base layer below the stockpile.
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Makeeva, Svetlana B. "The Role of Internal Labour Migration in the History of the Daqing Oil Field (1949–1978)". Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences, nr 4 (26.08.2023): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2687-1505-v282.
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This paper determines the role of the Chinese state policy in using internal labour migration to ensure accelerated socialist construction of such large industrial facilities as the Daqing Oil Field. The history of the People’s Republic of China from 1949 to 1978 is rich in examples of labour mobilization of military and technical workers as well as young people for the construction and organization of industrial enterprises in adverse climatic conditions. After the discovery of the Daqing Oil Field in the north-eastern province of Heilongjiang in 1959, more than 40,000 military men, engineers and oil workers were relocated to this facility. Chinese workers from the eastern and western provinces took an active part in organizing the process of exploration, drilling, oil extraction and transportation, as well as launching water supply and building storage facilities. Labour migrants were quick to establish new modern settlements in the oil field area under extremely harsh northern conditions. Daqing Oil Field workers steadfastly endured all the hardships, their main slogan being as follows: “Work hard, overcome difficulties, do your best to fight”. The selfless work of internal migrants was highly appreciated by the Chinese government and the Chinese society as a whole. Over 5,000 factories and enterprises throughout China manufactured mechanical and electrical products as well as equipment for the Daqing Oil Field; 200 research and development departments provided technical support to its workers. In the 1960s, an economic campaign “Learn Everything from Daqing” was launched, aimed to share the experience of building this oil field with other regions of China. Party and government officials Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Dong Biwu, He Long and Chen Yi had repeatedly visited Daqing to inspect the work and evaluate the role of labour migrants from other provinces in the development of the oil industry in Northeast China.
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Dong, Ben Yun. "Innovation Drivers Analysis of the Medium and Small-Sized Enterprises in Jilin Province". Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (listopad 2011): 5172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.5172.
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As an important force of innovation, SMEs’ innovation ability directly affects the process of innovation in China. Innovation activities of SMEs in Jilin Province reflected unclear innovation strategy, inadequate investment, lack of creative talents and so on. Technology Innovation of motivation can be divided into external motivation and internal motivation. In the the lower stage, innovative depends on external motivation and in the the higher stage, innovative depends on internal motivation. External motivation includes external technical systems self-renewal, market competition and government policy guidance. While internal motivation includes the mission of entrepreneurs, corporate middle backbone technology innovation passion and the enterprise culture of innovation.
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Li, Zhen, Caryn Smith, Christopher DuFore, Susan F. Zaleski, Guillermo Auad, Walter Johnson, Zhen-Gang Ji i S. E. O’Reilly. "A Multifaceted Approach to Advance Oil Spill Modeling and Physical Oceanographic Research at the United States Bureau of Ocean Energy Management". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, nr 5 (17.05.2021): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9050542.
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The Environmental Studies Program (ESP) at the United States Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) is funded by the United States Congress to support BOEM’s mission, which is to use the best available science to responsibly manage the development of the Nation’s offshore energy and mineral resources. Since its inception in 1973, the ESP has funded over $1 billion of multidisciplinary research across four main regions of the United States Outer Continental Shelf: Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic, Alaska, and Pacific. Understanding the dynamics of oil spills and their potential effects on the environment has been one of the primary goals of BOEM’s funding efforts. To this end, BOEM’s ESP continues to support research that improves oil spill modeling by advancing our understanding and the application of meteorological and oceanographic processes to improve oil spill modeling. Following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010, BOEM has invested approximately $28 million on relevant projects resulting in 73 peer-reviewed journal articles and 42 technical reports. This study describes the findings of these projects, along with the lessons learned and research information needs identified. Additionally, this paper presents a path forward for BOEM’s oil spill modeling and physical oceanographic research.
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Davis, Donald W., i Karolien Dubusschere. "FUNDING OF OIL SPILL SCIENCE IN LOUISIANA: 50 PROJECTS AND STILL COUNTING". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, nr 2 (1.03.2001): 1153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-2-1153.
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ABSTRACT Immediately following the Exxon Valdez incident, Alaska, California, Texas, and Louisiana law makers enacted complementary legislation to the federal Oil Pollution Act of 1990. Among other things, the Louisiana legislation provides $530,000 annually, through the Louisiana Applied and Educational Oil Spill Research and Development Program (OSRADP), to underwrite oil spill research. Although in some areas interest in oil spill research may be waning, this is not the case in Louisiana. In fact, the program may be getting stronger. Since the fall of 1993, the OSRADP has awarded 83 grants in support of 50 projects (some are 2- year projects); the average award has been $46,925. This paper briefly summarizes projected completed as of May 1999. Through the coordination and cooperation of industry, government, and university community, OSRADP's research mission has promoted scientific endeavors based on a 1- or 2-year turnaround plan. This mission requires rigorous oversight and a dedicated research commitment. OSRADP's goals and objectives are designed to ensure all research projects are applied in nature and designed to take advantage of synergies. The program focuses on: (1) education, training, and public awareness; (2) remote sensing and mapping; (3) spill response, cleanup, and harmful ecological consequences; and (4) spills-of opportunity. It is critical that the science developed with OSRADP support is incorporated into the oil industry's planning and response strategies with the approval and support of the various regulatory agencies. Investment in the research initiatives can only be justified when the regulatory community incorporates the research results/material in their oil spill cleanup protocols. Louisiana takes the position that planning and response can be enhanced by good science and supports this philosophy by annually underwriting up to 14 research projects.
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Othman, Arez Mohammed Sediq. "The Possibility of Nationalization by the Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq under the Light of Signed Petroleum Contracts and Establishment of Kurdistan National Oil Company (KNOC)". Journal of University of Human Development 6, nr 1 (15.03.2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v6n1y2020.pp35-43.
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In the past 20 years, Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) of Iraq has signed hundreds of Production Sharing Contracts with many international oil companies to expand investment and develop its oil sector. According to the applicable laws in the region, in particular Oil and Gas Law No.22 of 2007, government shall work to establish Kurdistan National Oil Company (KNOC) to take charge of petroleum operations. Meanwhile, according to the same law, the duration of petroleum production sharing contracts shall not exceed 20 years with the possibility of five years extension. Despite the fact that KRG is abided to many legal obligations to share the produced oil under production sharing contracts, there is always a question of whether KRG will be able to administer its oil industry and what will be the future of these oil contracts? This paper argues that KRG cannot nationalize (by appropriating the whole oil industry and assets of foreign oil companies) its petroleum sector even after the establishment of KNOC as there are many legal terms preventing it from nationalizing the oil industry besides the lack of technical ability to run the sector without the direct support from foreign oil companies. Moreover, the paper also discusses different possibilities after the end of oil contracts with foreign international companies; Does KRG continue with the current contractual form or it will shift to other forms of contract such as service contract to develop oil industry in the region? It suggests that the best practice for the government is to institutionalize its oil sector with receiving direct support from oil companies. The establishment of KNOC is considered to be an effective step towards institutionalization of oil sector in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region.
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Kemerer, Jack A., Terrence McGuigan i Douglas Campbell. "CLEANUP AND EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL AND FUEL OIL SPILLS IN OSITO CANYON: A COMPARISON". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1987, nr 1 (1.04.1987): 483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1987-1-483.
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ABSTRACT In July 1981, a crude oil spill from a pipeline break occurred in Osito Canyon near Castaic, California. In April 1984, a tank truck accident on Interstate Route 5 resulted in a fuel oil spill into a tributary canyon to Osito Canyon. Although the spills occurred at virtually the same location, the amounts spilled, the extent of the canyons contaminated, and the cleanup methods used produced different recovery results. The spillers assumed financial responsibility for cleanup actions and complied with the concerns and recommendations of government officials. The Environmental Protection Agency served as the on-scene coordinator, while the U. S. Forest Service and the U. S. Coast Guard's Pacific Strike Team provided on-site monitors and technical assistance. Impact from the spills appeared to be negligible on the chaparral type vegetation and sparse concentration of wildlife in the area. Effects from the spills were not lasting, and no environmentally sensitive downstream areas were affected.
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Branson, Dennis E., Jereme Altendorf i Marc Hodges. "FUSING INCIDENT MANAGEMENT/RESPONSE WITH INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION/SECURITY … … THE “3 R+” CONCEPT". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2008, nr 1 (1.05.2008): 765–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-765.
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ABSTRACT The terrorist attacks of 9/11 brought an urgent, necessary call to protect the safety and security of the nations Critical Infrastructure/Key Resources (CI/KR). Most of these efforts have been to deter/prevent a terrorist attack through vulnerability assessment and increased physical security (e.g. “gates, guns and guards”). Just as the federal government was getting on solid ground with increased homeland security against the terrorist threat, the devastation of the 2005 Hurricanes Katrina and Rita brought to light the need for a true “All Hazards” approach to response. Added to this is the growing awareness that environmental incidents could significantly impact regional stability, and even threaten national security. Simply stated: “Yesterday'S major oil spill could be tomorrow'S national security incident.” The November 2007 allision (and resulting serious oil spill) of the tank ship COSCO BUSAN with the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, provided a glimpse into these concerns and brought increased attention back upon this long standing marine safety mission. Ironically the 2006 “Safe Seas” exercise tested almost the very scenario of the COSCO BUSAN one year ago to the day of the spill. “Safe Seas” and other major drills (like “TOPOFF,” etc.) are tremendous tools for government and private sector stakeholders to enhance preparedness to response and test existing security and infrastructure protection systems. Given the above, traditional Oil Spill Response (OSR) is now part of a broader, more complicated systems-approach to domestic Incident Management (IM). The United States Coast Guard'S Marine Environmental Protection (MEP) mission has required the unique military I regulatory service to forge a collaborative relationship with the oil and gas industry - or “sector” (as defined in the National Infrastructure Protection Plan NIPP). This government-to-industry partnership was born out of decades of marine safety prevention/response efforts most visible following the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90). Many involved in the field of emergency management; as well as their security counterparts recognize it is difficult to understand both IM and IP, despite the myriad of new and developing federal plans and doctrine as we pass the half way point of the first decade in the Post 9/11 “new normalcy.” Due to dynamic and synergistic partnership between the U.S. Coast Guard and the American Petroleum Institute (API) a coordination and communication opportunity was identified that resulted in a concept of simplifying the landscape via a” 3 R+” concept. The focus areas of this paper are:To bring increased clarity to the current and emerging state of interoperability between the government and the private industry sector.Provide a simplified “Big Picture” view of what private sector professionals (middle to upper management in the emergency response/safety & health fields) need to know regarding the framework of the national system for our critical infrastructure and first line response, using the oil & gas sector as an example; Note: Although the target audience for this papen/presentation are private sector professionals, primarily in the response and security fields, the plans highlighted and information outlined could apply to those working IM or IP in any industry or government sector.
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Riaz, Madiha. "In competency Aspects of Microfinance Industry: Via SFA approach". Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 7, nr 1(J) (28.02.2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v7i1(j).558.
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Microfinance is a well known terminology used for microcredit and financial services for financially deprived community. Through informal, semi-formal and formal ways different institutions has been providing these services. Expenditure of the industry is considered to be high because of its inherent structure, dealing with small loans and having high risk of recovery. Therefore, expected inefficiency is greater than its profit. There are several factors and reason. Through this study, we analyzed few factors which have a positive or negative relation with the inefficiency of Microfinance in Pakistan. Stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) is used for weighing up a relationship between inefficiency and its determinants. It is seen that the average efficiency of this sector is low, on average the highest technical efficiency score is 87 only. Age and number of clients have a negative relationship with inefficiency whereas for other variable's relationship is conditional on Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) working status. The number of women borrowers and average loan balance has been incorporated in the study to analyze the focus of MFIs, either on mission drift or achievement. We found that microfinance banks (MFBs) are drifting away, however, Non Government Organizations (NGOs) and Rural Support Programs (RSPs) are fulfilling their social mission efficiently. We did not find a strong evidence of mission drift in the industry because microfinance banks considered their social mission on second priority. Hence, if MFBs are drifting away from their social services, it is not unexpected.
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Ijie, Ben Asuelimen. "IMPACT OF NIGERIA AGRICULTURE PROMOTION POLICY ON THE TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY AND INCOME OF SMALL- SCALE PALM OIL PROCESSORS IN EDO STATE". International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS) 3, nr 6 (14.10.2023): 1830–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v3i6.1209.
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The Nigeria Agriculture Promotion Policy (APP) aimed to enhance agricultural productivity and increase the income of actors along the agriculture value chain. Its four priority goals are to create employment, increase foreign exchange earnings, achieve economic diversification, and achieve food security. This study assesses the contributions of the Agriculture Promotion Policy (APP) to the income and technical competencies of small-scale palm oil processors/millers in Edo State. Employing a mixed-methods approach, fifty-five (55) palm oil processors from eleven (11) local government areas across three (3) senatorial districts of Edo State were surveyed. Quantitative data were gathered through questionnaires and subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. Concurrently, qualitative data were gathered via key informant interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. Results indicate that the APP was effective in bolstering technology adoption and yield/output performance for palm oil processors/millers. Notably, the income of processors/millers increased by 40.1%, ascending from N1,510,464.80 in 2015 (pre-APP) to N2,115,988.92 in 2021 (after APP implementation). However, certain limitations surfaced reflective of inadequate access to loans for procuring advanced palm oil production machinery. To optimize the policy's impact, it is recommended that the government introduce regular training programs for processors/millers and facilitate their access to loans for acquiring efficient palm oil processing equipment. These findings hold significant implications for Nigerian agricultural policy development. While the APP has substantiated its efficacy in boosting small-scale palm oil productivity, addressing the identified policy limitations is imperative for maximizing its overarching goals.
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Asaad, Mhd, Rasidin Karo Karo Sitepu i Tri Martial. "Production Efficiency Analysis of Oil Palm Plantations: Stochastic Frontier Approach". International Journal of Research and Review 9, nr 12 (29.12.2022): 678–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20221278.
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Palm oil is a commodity in the plantation sector that has an important role in the economy of North Sumatra Province. The oil palm plantation sector is one of the main sources of income for the people in South Labuhan Batu regency. The productivity of smallholder oil palm plantations is relatively lower when compared to the productivity of oil palm managed by large plantations. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the production and technical inefficiency of oil palm production. The research location is in South Labuhanbatu Regency, North Sumatra Province, which was carried out in 2020. Sampling was carried out using a purposive method, namely as many as 45 oil palm farmer households. The approach used is the stochastic frontier production function. Maximum likelihood estimation method used. The results of the analysis show that the area and the number of workers significantly affect the production of oil palm farmers. The technical inefficiency factor is caused by the age of the farmer, and the number of household members involved in oil palm farming. To measure the use of all resources can be used the concept of return to scale. The sum of all the elasticity responses to the use of all inputs estimated using the maximum likelihood method of the stochastic production function is 1.09, which indicates that an increase in all available inputs leads to a greater increase in farmers’ income. Government support is needed in the form of farming practice improvement and access to capital to achieve production at the frontier point with an opportunity of 10.93 %. Keywords: Increasing return to scale, palm oil, stochastic frontier, technical efficiency
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Johnson, K. Norman, James Agee, Robert Beschta, Virginia Dale, Linda Hardesty, James Long, Larry Nielsen i in. "Sustaining the People's Lands -- Recommendations for Stewardship of the National Forests and Grasslands into the Next Century". Journal of Forestry 97, nr 5 (1.05.1999): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/97.5.6.
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Abstract In December 1997, Secretary of Agriculture Dan Glickman convened an interdisciplinary committee of 13 scientists to provide scientific and technical advice on the Forest Service's land and resource management planning process. The committee was asked to recommend how best to accomplish resource planning within the existing environmental laws and statutory mission of the Forest Service; to provide technical advice on planning and provide material for the agency to consider in revising planning regulations; to recommend improvements in coordination with other federal agencies, state and local government agencies, and tribal governments; and to suggest a new planning framework that could last a generation. The committee took field trips and met in cities and towns around the country to hear from Forest Service employees, representatives of tribes, state and local governments, related federal natural resource agencies, and members of the public. Drawing on many of the approaches and improvements to planning it observed, the committee has made its recommendations.
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Schroh, Klaus. "OIL SPILL STRATEGY IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY: NEW TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN MECHANICAL SPILL RESPONSE". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1989, nr 1 (1.02.1989): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1989-1-265.
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ABSTRACT Prevention and control of oil spills in the Federal Republic of Germany are based on an agreement between the federal government and the four coastal states. Comprehensive procurement and reconstruction programs for oil pollution personnel and equipment are realized and finalized within two years. The Federal Minister for Research and Technology contributed substantially toward using advanced oil spill response techniques at sea and for shoreline cleanup. Since the particular ecological conditions of the Wadden Sea on the German coastline greatly limit dispersant application, main emphasis was given to developing recovery systems meeting the following requirements:An extended scope of mechanical application at sea, for wave heights exceeding 1.2 m (4 feet)New types of recovery vessels with multiple functions, like bunkering services and floating reception facilitiesOil recovery with self-driven vessels for shallow waters close to the coastline and embankmentsDesign of an amphibious chain-driven vehicle for oil recovery in Wadden Sea areas. With the integration of these new types of oil recovery vessels or systems the German recovery fleet now consists of 6 high-sea-going vessels and 14 recovery vessel devices for shoreline cleanup.
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Pramudya, Eusebius Pantja, Lukas Rumboko Wibowo, Fitri Nurfatriani, Iman Kasiman Nawireja, Dewi Ratna Kurniasari, Sakti Hutabarat, Yohanes Berenika Kadarusman, Ananda Oemi Iswardhani i Rukaiyah Rafik. "Incentives for Palm Oil Smallholders in Mandatory Certification in Indonesia". Land 11, nr 4 (14.04.2022): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11040576.
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The Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) is a mandatory certification for palm oil plantations based on compliance with Indonesia’s regulations. Its implementation has been slow, particularly for independent smallholders that face problems of complicated requirements, limited capacity, and limited funding. Meanwhile, limited incentives are in place, either in the form of premium prices, ease of regulation, or funding. This article aims to elaborate on the role of incentives and their options in supporting the acceleration of ISPO implementation to ensure and improve the market access of smallholders. It identifies ways to develop incentives to facilitate the acceleration of ISPO certification and alternative financing sources available to support this. The method of this research is based on qualitative methodology using a literature review, policy document analysis, and in-depth interviews with informants from the government and smallholders. The analysis of this article shows that incentives are needed in the form of funding, regulatory measures, technical assistance, promotion, and rewards for good practices to provide better facilitation and financial support for the regulatory compliance in the legal, managerial and financial aspects of the ISPO. These incentives target government and smallholders. Implications for enabling these incentives include the improvement of government coordination, improved understanding of challenges faced by smallholders, and adoption of innovative approaches to manage financial resources, which are crucial to facilitate smallholders’ capacity and organizational improvement.
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Jansson, Bernt, i Jarl Johansson. "Sweden Seeking New Technology to Combat Oil Spills". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1991, nr 1 (1.03.1991): 667–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1991-1-667.
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ABSTRACT Due to the special circumstances of the Baltic Sea—brackish water, low temperatures, ice, and widespread archipelagos—special oil spill response and cleanup methods and equipment have proven to be necessary. The Swedish Government therefore commissioned the Swedish National Board of Technical Development to establish a research and development program involving the six authorities that are responsible for the country's environmental protection. The first step in this program was a common document, Policy Guidelines for Swedish Maritime Oil Spill Protection in the 1990s, with high-priority strategies according to which all subsequent development has been carried out. The program has produced methods and systems ranging from those for handling oil spills at sea and from leaking wrecks, to protection against and deflection of oil from sensitive areas, and cleanup operations in the beach zone.
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Elfring, Chris, i Kim Waddell. "Research to Advance Health, Environment, and Oil System Safety in the Gulf of Mexico and other Coastal Regions: An Update from the National Academy of Sciences". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, nr 1 (1.05.2014): 340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.340.
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ABSTRACT In 2010, the Deepwater Horizon explosion and fire caused the release of approximately 200 million gallons of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico. As part of legal settlements with the companies involved, the federal government asked the National Academy of Sciences – an independent, non-profit organization chartered by Congress in 1863 to provide independent, expert, scientific, engineering, and healthcare advice to the nation – to establish a new $500 million, 30-year research program focused on human health, environmental protection, and oil system safety in the Gulf region. The new program, called the Gulf Research Program, is directed to work in three areas: research and development, education and training, and environmental monitoring. Activities will focus on the Gulf of Mexico and other U.S. Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) regions, but work that transfers knowledge to or from other offshore U.S. or international hydrocarbon-producing regions is allowed under the mandate. The program seeks to encourage communication and collaboration among industry, academia, and government, and will emphasize innovation, education, collaboration, and cross-disciplinary work. This paper introduces the program, summarizes program planning, outlines the program's mission and goals, and highlights first-year activities.
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Wiranegara, Hanny W. "PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF THE USE OF URBAN UNDERGROUND SPACE IN INDONESIA". International Journal on Livable Space 2, nr 2 (8.08.2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/livas.v2i2.4459.
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<p><em>Recently, </em><em>the government is taking advantage of underground space for city’s infrastructure development needs. In fact, it is identified that</em><em> </em><em>the constraints are still remained in fulfilling the government mission. The aim of this paper is to reveal the problematic aspects in terms of the use of underground space by conducting</em><em> qualitative data in term of interviewing experts and official staff of five local governments’ i.e.: Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya, Makassar, and Medan. It is concluded that the problematic aspects are: the resources, land ownership, legal aspect; underground spatial planning, as well as technical and technological aspects. </em></p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: </em><em>underground space, utilization, problematic aspects</em>
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Bodrova, E. V., i V. V. Kalinov. "Projects of Mobilization of Oil Resources for the Needs of Forced Industrialization". Modern History of Russia 12, nr 2 (2022): 385–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu24.2022.208.
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Using on published and unpublished documents, the problem of “searches” at the turn of the 1920s and 1930s is investigated. Mechanisms to achieve growth of oil production and oil exports to meet the needs of forced industrialization in the USSR are a central theme. The documents studied suggest that there were projects in this period that provided various options for the reorganization of the management of the oil industry and the use of mechanisms to ensure the implementation of five-year plans. While the management of Grozneft proposed strengthening cost accounting, expanding independence, and expanding the rights of each business unit and to increase the pace of technical reconstruction, representatives of the most important Azerbaijani oil region at that time insisted on the need to send significant financial resources to the government, complained about staff shortages and equipment. However, for central authorities, deficiencies in trust management seemed to be a preferable explanation for the failure to fulfill plans. The documents also indicate a very difficult situation for the Soviet oil trusts that developed on the world energy market during this period. The study concludes that projects that assumed greater independence of oil regions and an increase in government funding could not be arranged by the central government. The stake was placed on an ever-increasing centralization of management, strict submission to dictated from above plans. Their failure was accompanied by the arrests of a cohort of brilliant oil workers. Despite the repressions, a very difficult geopolitical situation, thanks to experienced specialists and previously gained positions in the world energy market, it was possible to force production and oil export of Soviet oil products. Moreover, the share of crude oil export in the late 1930s was very minor.
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Szymczak, Pat Davis. "Satellite Imaging of Methane Super-Emitters To Provide Data To Clean Up Supply Chains". Journal of Petroleum Technology 75, nr 01 (1.01.2023): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0123-0030-jpt.
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_ The use of satellite imaging to verify self-reporting of methane emissions using empirical data gathered in near-real time by artificial intelligence, could cost the fossil fuel industry dearly in fines under the new methane provisions of the US Inflation Reduction Act (IRA). Signed into law in August, the IRA requires the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to adopt within 2 years methods to monitor and collect empirical data on methane emissions. The act introduces the federal government’s first-ever tax on greenhouse gas emissions, but does not specify preferred technologies. Satellite monitoring is assumed to be at the top of the list, according to geo-analytics company Kayrros. Private industry can, and likely will, play the same game, as it has access to the very technologies the government uses and can invest to acquire empirical data to identify problems companies might not even know they have. Once emissions are quantified at their source, industry can clean up supply chains and thus blunt the financial impact of penalties set to debut in 2024. Third-Party Audits: Good for ESG Optics but Missing the Bigger Issue In May, ExxonMobil announced it had become the first oil and gas company to earn an “A” grade certification under the independent MiQ standard for managing methane emissions from associated gas at its Poker Lake, New Mexico, facilities which the company said in 2021 accounted for more than 10% of its Permian Basin gas production. Responsible Energy Solutions, a Texas-based independent auditor in the field of Responsibly Sourced Gas (RSG), conducted the study. One month later, Chevron announced it had earned top marks from Denver-based Project Canary, an SaaS-based (software-as-a-service) data analytics company organized as a public benefit corporation which markets itself as the gold standard for independent RSG audits. It uses its own monitoring devices and does not run data through the client’s SCADA system. Gas producers are turning to third-party audits to differentiate their production streams as RSG to comply with the investment community’s ESG (environment, social, and corporate governance) requirements. In a study issued a year ago, the global research and business consultancy Wood Mackenzie referred to RSG certification as a “nascent” industry (audit companies tend to be innovation-driven data analytic startups) and noted that “certification processes exist (currently) only for upstream assets and there is no universal or industry standard.” “Certification is based on standards such as air emissions, water stewardship, land use, and community impacts,” Wood Mackenzie reported. “RSG differs from normally produced natural gas in that producers take extra steps to reduce their carbon footprint, mitigate emissions, and minimize environmental and social impacts.” RSG certification monitoring might collect empirical data—which is a start—but it is largely at pad level, ignoring the bigger and more ominous picture that can be assessed only from space. That bigger picture is what the EPA will turn to when it begins to levy its methane tax in 2024 and it is why the industry is starting to look “up” as well. Drone surveys are widening the view. A paper presented at the 2021 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition (ATCE) detailed how BP conducted the first methane emissions survey of an offshore facility with a miniature methane spectrometer onboard a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (SPE 206181).
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Sarkar, A. N. "Financing Mechanisms to Support MSME and Startups: Role of the Capital Market". International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 4, nr 1 (2016): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.411605.
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The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) sector plays a significant role in the Indian economy. A catalyst for socio-economic transformation of the country, the sector is critical in meeting the national objectives of generating employment, reducing poverty, and discouraging rural-urban migration. These enterprises help to build a thriving entrepreneurial eco-system, in addition to promoting the use of indigenous technologies. The sector has exhibited consistent growth over the last few years, but it has done so in a constrained environment often resulting in inefficient resource utilization. Of the many challenges impeding the growth and development of MSMEs, inadequate access to financial resources is one of the key bottlenecks that make these enterprises vulnerable, particularly in periods of economic downturn. MSME sector is currently opening up in India to support startup initiatives, especially in the manufacturing, infrastructure and IT-enabled Services sector. The Government is fully committed now to extend whole-hearted financial and technical cooperation and support to the entrepreneurs to see through a boom in the Start-up industries; as also to fulfil the ‘Make in India’ Mission of the Government. Among other things, the major objectives of this Mission are to enhance the overall economic growth and create enormous job opportunities in India. The paper attempts to highlight the various financing mechanisms to support MSMEs and Startup initiatives in India and the Asia-Pacific Region with focus on the role of the Capital market.
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Rich, Leonard. "UNITED STATES COAST GUARD ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE CAPABILITY “THEN” AND “NOW”". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2008, nr 1 (1.05.2008): 459–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-459.
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ABSTRACT The intent of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA90) is to ensure the U.S. Government is prepared to protect the environment from a catastrophic spill of the magnitude and complexity of the 1989 EXXON VALDEZ oil spill. The OPA90 legislation resulted in an overall restructuring and enhancement of the National Strike Force (NSF), and establishment of District Response Groups who are staffed and equipped with mechanical spill recovery assets and are prepared to take prompt actions to mitigate a worst case discharge scenario. During the early 1990s, over $31 million dollars worth of oil spill response equipment was acquired and placed at 23 locations throughout the United States. Since then, an additional $10 million dollars of environmental emergency response equipment has been added to the USCG'S inventory, and are now located at 16 additional sites. This paper will elaborate on the evolution of the USCG'S environmental emergency response capabilities. In terms of preparedness, it will explain how, where and why the Coast Guard has adjusted its resources and capabilities since the OPA90 legislation. The expanded mission requirements include; redistributing and adjusting the locations of the Vessel of Opportunity Skimming Systems, expanding functional use of the pre-positioned equipment for dewatering during shipboard fires, designing and implementing an offload pumping system for viscous oil at each NSF Strike Team, revisiting the condition and continued use of OPA90 procured first response “band-aid’ equipment, modifying the basic response equipment systems for fast current spill response, and the implementation of the Spilled Oil Recovery System. These actions reflect policy and mission adjustments influenced by an ever changing environment. The Coast Guard has re-organized from the bottom up to meet increased port security measures, and the capability to respond to all-hazard incidents. We must continue to maintain a high state of readiness in the oil spill response environment and accept the need to incorporate change to the equipment and the way we conduct our support to the American public.
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Al-Ali, Salah. "How successful is the Higher Institute of Energy, Kuwait, in reducing dependence on expatriates?" Technium Social Sciences Journal 22 (9.08.2021): 187–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v22i1.4285.
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The role of technical and vocational education in enhancing indigenous capabilities is highly discussed by authors, observers, and academics. In fact, there is a common understanding that technical and vocational education is a dual educational system that allow students to transfer what they have been learned in classroom, laboratories and workshops into real work environment. The success of technical and vocational education would depend on the management mentality in the ability in forging and effective and fruitful linkage with industries and business. It is a management responsibility to identify and determine the level of knowledge, skills, and attitudes that are mostly required by the recipients of technical and vocational graduates. Kuwait, as one of the gulf states, the shortage of indigenous skilled and semi-skilled manpower in noted in essential sectors of the economy (e.g., electricity and water and the oil sector). Decision makers have realized the significant role of technical and vocational institutions in providing essential sectors of the economy with the skilled and semi-skilled national manpower in order to reduce, to great extent, the dependence on expatriates. The Higher Institute of Energy, HIE, was forged by the Kuwaiti Government with the aim to equipped local manpower with the know-how and know-why that are applied in local industries. The research is focus on measuring the perception of a sample of heads of supervisors at the Ministry of Electricity and Water and at the oil sector towards the quality of HIE graduates. The research is based on extensive field work that encompasses a review of the related literature, interviews with a sample of heads of supervisors at the Ministry of Electricity and Water and at the oil sector to assess the quality of field training program and the standard of the HIE graduates. Finally, the research will argue that unless the HIE recognize and appreciate the value of building a strong linkage with local industries, its contribution in tackling the shortage of skilled and semi-skilled indigenous in essential sectors on the economy will be below the government expectations, thus continuing relaying on expatriates for years ahead.
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Gallagher, John J. "MANAGEMENT ELEMENTS OF RESPONSE TO MAJOR MARITIME OIL SPILLS". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1989, nr 1 (1.02.1989): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1989-1-201.
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ABSTRACT Implementing oil spill contingency plans in the event of a major maritime spill demands the kind of strategic and tactical planning and execution seen in military operations. Essential elements of a spill response include such diverse considerations as the initial cleanup actions best-suited for a particular situation, potential legal and economic liabilities under law, the environmental and economic sensitivities of the spill area, selection of contractors and materials for cleanup operations, proper scientific and technical support, and close liaison with federal, state and local government agencies involved in a spill or potential spill. The manager of a spill response must be able to handle every aspect of the response short of litigation, performing a “balancing act” to keep governments and the public satisfied, and to keep owner costs and liabilities to a minimum.
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Darmawan*, Darmawan. "Implementasi Fungsi Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja Di Kabupaten Gresik". Airlangga Development Journal 2, nr 1 (2.08.2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/adj.v2i1.18025.
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In the implementation of the Regional Government, Civil Service Police Unit (later called Satpol PP) has a trategic role related to the implementation of the obligations of regional government. Generally, Satpol PP has three function are : 1) Implementation of Public Peace and Order; 2) Enforcement of Regional Regulations; and 3) Community Protection. On the basis of the implementation of their duties, the Satpol PP has a formative foundation to establish Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government; Government Regulation Number 16 of 2018 concerning Satpol PP; Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 54 of 2011 concerning Satpol PP Operating Standards, as well as regional regulations related to implementation technical tasks in each field. The implementation of duties in enforcement of regional regulations area, Satpol PP carried out activities such as first to provided guidance to the community and legal entities that violated regional regulations; second they conducted non-judicial control ; third they did enforce the law regarding the judiciary and the last are to supervise violation. Enforcing local regulations done by Satpol PP in Gresik Regency is carried out through pre-emptive, preventive, persuasive and represive approaches to the community without selective objectives with the aim of achieving the Regent’s vision and mission and to increase the locally- generated revenue.
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Klimov, D. S., M. S. Rozman i A. R. Shahramanyan. "ECONOMIC, ORGANIZATIONAL AND TECHNICAL PROBLEMS OF OIL AND GAS FIELD ABANDONMENT". Petroleum Engineering 22, nr 3 (1.07.2024): 164–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/ngdelo-2024-3-164-181.
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More and more mature fields in the old oil-producing regions are now in the stages of declining production, and their operation is close to completion, therefore, the upcoming liquidation work is of particular relevance and importance. Decommissioning of developed or inactive oil and gas wells is associated with a number of environmental, economic and legal problems. Liquidation of oil and gas facilities can become a significant expense for companies, especially if the budget deficit does not fully pay off during operation. At the same time, the negative impact of field development on the environment is not limited to the period of active production. With the onset of liquidation work, subsoil users may have obligations to government agencies in the form of taxes, licenses and other payments, which also increases their financial burden. Interaction between the state and subsoil users in the process of development and decommissioning of oil and gas fields becomes an important factor in the rational use of natural resources. Often, control over the liquidation of abandoned or decommissioned fields is entrusted to the state, although companies also have obligations to report on planned and implemented related activities. Since liquidation measures are a rather labor-intensive process that requires careful planning and financial resources, subsoil users sometimes evade responsibility, citing the lack of the necessary amount of financial resources to carry out these works. The article provides an overview of international experience in approaches to financing liquidation work. Mechanisms of legal regulation of relations between state management bodies and subsoil users, organizational, technical and economic problems of liquidation of oil and gas fields, as well as a number of approaches to effective financial support for the decommissioning of oil and gas facilities are considered. In conclusion, based on the presented analysis of the problems of the industry and international experience in organizing liquidation measures, the authors give several of their proposals, the implementation of which can be considered necessary preparatory work for effectively solving the problems of eliminating the consequences of the operation of hydrocarbon deposits with the onset of the desired economic stability.
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Percivall, George, i Ingo Simonis. "ADVANCEMENTS IN OPEN GEOSPATIAL STANDARDS FOR PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING FROM OGC". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B4 (14.06.2016): 705–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b4-705-2016.
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The necessity of open standards for effective sharing and use of remote sensing continues to receive increasing emphasis in policies of agencies and projects around the world. Coordination on the development of open standards for geospatial information is a vital step to insure that the technical standards are ready to support the policy objectives. The mission of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) is to advance development and use of international standards and supporting services that promote geospatial interoperability. To accomplish this mission, OGC serves as the global forum for the collaboration of geospatial data / solution providers and users. Photogrammetry and remote sensing are sources of the largest and most complex geospatial information. Some of the most mature OGC standards for remote sensing include the Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) standards, the Web Coverage Service (WCS) suite of standards, encodings such as NetCDF, GMLJP2 and GeoPackage, and the soon to be approved Discrete Global Grid Systems (DGGS) standard. In collaboration with ISPRS, OGC working with government, research and industrial organizations continue to advance the state of geospatial standards for full use of photogrammetry and remote sensing.