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1
Lewkowicz, Łukasz. "Uwarunkowania i formy instytucjonalnej polsUwarunkowania i formy instytucjonalnej polsko-czeskiej współpracy transgranicznej = Conditioning and forms of institutional cooperation across the Polish-Czech border". Przegląd Geograficzny 91, nr 4 (2019): 511–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/przg.2019.4.4.
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The social and political transitions taking place in Central and Eastern Europe post-1989 allowed Poland to develop cross-border cooperation with neighbouring counties. At local-government level in particular, the Czech Republic then became a key partner. Today, the Polish-Czech borderland resembles those between Poland and Germany, and between Poland and Slovakia, in constituting a model example of innovative cross-border cooperation. While the area first played hosted to Euroregions, it later also fell within European Groupings of Territorial Cooperation. And while collaboration between one local authority and another over the border has evolved particularly dynamically, as-yet untapped potential would seem to remain. Overall, this article seeks to analyse the actors currently operating across the Polish-Czech border, from a political-science perspective. These are Euroregions (of Nysa, Glacensis, Pradziad, Silesia, Cieszyn Silesia and the Beskids), as well as European Groupings of Territorial Cooperation (of Tritia and Novum), and selected units at local government level. The analysis of the transboundary entities, and those engaging in cross-border activity was of a genetic, structural and functional nature, and this facilitated the identification of similarities and differences between the actors concerned, making clear what their specifics are, and what the prospects for cooperation.
2
Parkin, Robert A. "Regional Identity and Regionalisation in Eastern Europe". Anthropological Journal of European Cultures 22, nr 1 (1.03.2013): 115–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ajec.2013.220108.
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While it can claim some historical depth, essentially Lubuskie is a new province in western Poland that emerged from the local government reforms of 1999. It is thus located in a part of the country taken over by Poland from Germany in 1945, which as a consequence experienced a complete replacement of populations (Polish for German) at that time. This makes the province a useful case in which to study the emergence of a new identity over time. At present its identity is not as strong as in the case of its neighbours like Silesia and Wielkopolska, though it is being cultivated where possible by some local bureaucrats and politicians. It is argued that it is nonetheless justified to study such cases in order to determine and account for differences in the strength of regional identities in the same nationstate. The wider framework is regional identities within Europe as part of the process of European integration and its articulation with nation-states in the EU.
3
Stankowski, Witold. "Zbrodnie Niemców na Polakach w pierwszych miesiącach II wojny światowej 1939/1940". Prace Historyczne 149, nr 2 (29.09.2022): 267–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20844069ph.22.015.15675.
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German crimes committed against the Polish people during the first months of the Second World War 1939/1940 The aim of the article is to show the scale and extent of the extermination of Polish society, which was a component of the national policy of the Third Reich in the first months of the Second World War. It is a quantitative presentation of the phenomenon of a crime which included arrests, interrogations, the use of physical and mental coercion, shootings and executions. The extermination activities against the Polish nation continued throughout the entire period of the war. The Terror of the Third Reich covered the areas of Gdańsk Pomerania, Greater Poland, Upper Silesia, and central Poland. As part of the policy of exterminating the Polish nation, at the beginning of the war, the Third Reich began the so-called “Action Intelligentsia”(Intelligenzaktion) and AB (Ausserordentliche Befriedungsaktion) which was formally named Extraordinary Pacification Action. In the occupied areas, various German formations (Selbstschutz, Einsatzgruppen SS) committed mass, planned crimes against the Polish elite, intelligentsia, teachers, clergy, local government officials and state officials.
4
Kownacka, Katarzyna. "Political competitors of the German minority in local and parliamentary elections in the years 1990-2019 in Opole Province". Pogranicze. Polish Borderlands Studies 10, nr 1 (26.04.2022): 43–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/brs4738.
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The German minority has been successfully putting up candidates in local and parliamentary elections in the Opole Voivodeship since the 1990s. It has its representatives on all levels of local government in the region, as well as in the Polish parliament. In many local governments in Opolskie Province - including at the regional level - it co-manages, and in some communes and districts it exercises authority. In subsequent elections for more than three decades it has been competing for votes with political parties, regional or local committees, as well as with committees referring to ethnic issues, in Opolskie Province - silesian. The aim of this article is to indicate which of these committees are main political rivals of German minority at the level of municipalities, districts, regional assembly and in parliamentary elections in the Opolskie province. In order to determine this, the aggregated results of political groups, local committees and committees relating to ethnic issues were compared and analyzed with the results of the minority committee at the different levels of local government and in parliamentary elections. The research used research methods such as quantitative-qualitative analysis, case study, descriptive analysis, comparative analysis and desk research. In order to deepen the issues, to better understand them, as well as to confront information from data source and literature about political competitors, activists of the German minority were also asked in IDI interviews.
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Kutkowska, Barbara, Dominika Mańkowska i David Kalisz. "IMPLEMENTATION OF REGIONAL POLICY IN RURAL AREAS ON THE EXAMPLE OF VILLAGE RENEWAL IN LOWER SILESIA COMPETITION". Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, nr 3 (10.08.2019): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3062.
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The aim of the research is to assess the targeting of financial resources granted by the Lower Silesia province self-government as part of Village Renewal in a Lower Silesia competition based on types and categories of projects implemented in 2008-2018. A properly directed management of local communities can have a positive impact on the development of the entire region. Not only do large EU funds have a real impact on improving the quality of life of rural residents, through cooperation initiatives, but small grants financed from the funds of province self-governments also do. An example is the Village Renewal programme – the longest-running regional programme for activating local communities. Activities in the field of village renewal implemented in Lower Silesia since 2008 indicate the dynamic progress of social participation. The analysis of projects co-financed from the province self-government proved that they were mainly directed at supporting the development of socio-cultural infrastructure as well as sports and recreation and leisure infrastructure. The experience of the self-government of the Lower Silesia province shows that external intervention in local systems through targeted regional projects opens new possibilities for shaping the socio-economic policy of rural areas.
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Kaczmarek, Ryszard. "Opis wkroczenia na teren plebiscytowy Wojska Polskiego i Reichswehry w 1922 roku na łamach Der Oberschlesische Wanderer". Zaranie Śląskie. Seria druga 8 (2022): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/zaranieslaskie.8.3.
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Following the decision to divide Upper Silesia between Germany and Poland, detailed regulations were established according to which individual counties were supposed to be taken over by both states. Major celebrations on the German side were held in the summer of 1922 in Opole, where the official assumption of control over the German Upper Silesia by the government of the German Reich took place. The legality of the actions undertaken in the Upper Silesia by the victorious western states was undermined and postulates were put forward to peacefully revise the course of the border established in the wake of the plebiscite and the Silesian Uprisings. In his article, the author presents this issue, as seen from the perspective of the then German press.
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Bennett, Robert, i Günter Krebs. "Local government finance in Germany". Local Government Studies 18, nr 4 (grudzień 1992): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03003939208433650.
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Gałuszka, Mateusz. "Alternacja władzy w wyborach samorządowych na Dolnym Śląsku w latach 2006−2014". Wrocławskie Studia Politologiczne 20 (16.08.2016): 158–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1643-0328.20.11.
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Alternation of power in the local elections in Lower Silesiain the years 2006−2014This article aims at showing the problem of alternation and continuation of power in the local government in Lower Silesia. It contains the analysis of the local elections of 2006, 2010 and 2014. After such an analysis, we get the answer to question if we can talk about oligarchy local government.
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Dziuba, Adam, i Sebastian Rosenbaum. "Początki ruchu komunistycznego na Górnym Śląsku (1918–1924)". Res Gestae 10 (27.07.2020): 184–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/24504475.10.13.
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The defeat of the German Empire in World War I contributed to the radicalisation of social and political sentiment in Germany. In the territory of Upper Silesia, a borderland of the German Reich, these conflicts strengthened national antagonisms. In such a situation the Communist Party of Upper Silesia was created at the end of 1918, achieving serious organisational successes and greatly influencing the attitude of a large number of industrial workers. These local communists sought to channel radical social moods into a communist revolution, but they collided with and lost to Polish and German nationalism. At the time of the decisive battle for Upper Silesia’s nationalities, the communist movement was seriously weakened and did not matter in the struggle for the future of the region. After the division of Upper Silesia in 1922, the structures of the Communist Party of Upper Silesia were incorporated on a territorial basis into the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) or the Communist Party of Poland (KPP). The communists operating in the Polish Silesia (Silesian voivodship) region managed to take advantage of mass strikes in 1923 and led to civil unrest. An attempt to escalate this tension was hindered by the pacification action carried out by state authorities. The most important activists were imprisoned and the party itself had to go underground, sharing the fate of the KPP. The communists active in the KPD also tried to lead the population of the German part of Upper Silesia into revolt but, although they were close to success several times, did not manage to channel the strike into a communist revolution. However, they remained one of the three most influential political parties in the German Upper Silesian Province.
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Widera, Zbigniew, Wiktor Widera i Ewa Dudzic. "The entrepreneurial management of the local government". Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Humanitas Zarządzanie 17, nr 4 (2.12.2016): 95–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/18998658.1232691.
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The article presents a report based on a research project carried out at Humanitas University in Sosnowiec. The project titled “Entrepreneurial management of the local government” was conducted in selected municipalities of the Metropolitan Association of Upper Silesia and investigated the extent to which employees of the Municipal Office in Sosnowiec and the Municipal Office in Chorzów understand the issue of entrepreneurial management of the local government. The results of the study demonstrated discrepancies in the understanding of the term “entrepreneurial management of the local government”. Therefore, the outcomes of the report could stimulate the municipal institutions’ management to improve the management process, taking place in their institutions. Moreover, the collected data could be an incentive for scientists to perform further research in the area of public service, as it rarely appears in the scientific publications.
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Wollmann, Hellmut. "Local Government and Politics in East Germany". German Politics 11, nr 3 (grudzień 2002): 153–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/714001305.
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Pauley, Robin. "Local government in Britain and West Germany". Local Government Studies 11, nr 1 (styczeń 1985): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03003938508433180.
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Konieczny, Adam. "Perspektywy rozwoju ochotniczych straży pożarnych". Prawo 326 (20.12.2018): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0524-4544.326.8.
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Development prospects of voluntary fire brigadeVoluntary fire brigade units have been functioning for more than 70 years and have played a very important role in public safety system which since 1995 has been included in national firefighting and rescue system KSRG.In Lower Silesia within the years of national firefighting and rescue system’s functioning the number of units of voluntary fire brigade subordinate to the system has doubled and the growing number of companions in operational and technical units is a sign of its mass scale. Nevertheless, it also indicates the organizational, financial and system responibilities of government and local government administration which need to be introduced in order to take advantage of such a great and numerous potential.The article highlights the fundamental and most significant problems concerning voluntary fire brigade which have occurred in the area of Lower Silesia within the last two years focusing on tasks to be done.
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Krawczyk, Dariusz. "Virtual space used in the communication activities of local governments on the example provided by the communes of the Upper Silesia and Zagłębie Metropolis". Studia Politicae Universitatis Silesiensis 30 (29.09.2020): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/spus.11382.
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The aim of the paper is to identify the scope of social media application in communication activities of local governments. The research field is a statutorily separated metropolitan area in the Silesia Province, established from 41 communes. The applied research methods included the analysis of the Internet sources and the academic literature. The conclusions were obtained concerning the activity of local government units in social media, contributing to the organization of the state of knowledge on the objectives, expenditure and effects of local administration activities in the studied part of cyberspace.
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Danicheva, Kateryna. "HISTORICAL ASPECT OF THE ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT MODELS ON THE EXAMPLE OF GERMANY AND SWITZERLAND". 34, nr 34 (27.12.2022): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2075-1834-2022-34-05.
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Entry. The article is devoted to the historical aspect of the formation and development of local self-government models in countries such as Germany and Switzerland. Local self-government in these countries has its own characteristics and principles of implementation, which are determined by the form of territorial organization, but can be applied to the construction of social relations in Ukraine. For Ukraine, as a state that is characterized by European legal standards for building local self-government, the experience of European states in this direction is interesting. Short list of main results.The article highlights the constitutional and legal foundations of the formation and development of local self-government models in Germany and Switzerland. The municipal system of these states is based on European standards of local self-government - decentralization, subsidiarity, autonomy of local self-government. The national legislation of Ukraine is also characterized by the consolidation of European standards. Conclusions. Local self-government in Germany and Switzerland covers almost all aspects of the democratic organization of local life, makes it possible to rationally decentralize state power, transfer decision-making on all issues of local life to territorial communities, thereby stimulating citizen activity and ensuring their real involvement in such decisions. The positive experience of European states in involving citizens to participate in issues of local importance will contribute to the creation of an effective model of local self-government in Ukraine.
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Bykov, O. M., i N. V. Stepanenko. "Advantages and disadvantages o the establishment of local self-government in the Federal Republic of Germany during the First World War". Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, nr 5 (17.11.2023): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.05.2.
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The scientific article is devoted to the issue of researching the advantages and disadvantages of the formation and development of local selfgovernment in Germany in the period before the First World War, when it was Germany that chose the model of local self-government. The article reveals the main issues of the genesis of local self-government in Germany. The article reveals the issues of legislative regulation of local selfgovernment in Germany at various historical stages. The scientific article states that by the end of the 19th century. only Prussia retained open voting, and other parts of the German Empire implemented secret voting; the principles of counting votes also differed; with the same number of votes, a draw was held; in Bavaria and Baden at the beginning of the 20th century. the system of proportional representation was introduced. The article stated that the specified period included demands for universal secret direct suffrage for all German citizens aged 20 and over, proportional elections, full provincial, district and community self-government through officials elected on the basis of universal suffrage, and stipulated the abolition of all local governments appointed by the state. The struggle for universal suffrage is revealed, gender policy in the field of local selfgovernment is given, in particular, the possibility of women to participate in the work of executive commissions that dealt with issues of care, public education and sanitation at local authorities, and the legislative prerequisites for this are indicated. It was determined that during the creation of the German model of local self-government in the 19th century. English local self-government was taken as a model. The article examines the implementation of bureaucratic decentralization and integration of local self-government into the system of state authorities. It was stated that the corresponding period in Germany was spent in search of a suitable model of implementation of local government, the choice of English or French in particular.
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Zyglewski, Zbigniew. "Zabiegi o połączenie wodne Warty z Gopłem (do 1937 r.)". Polonia Maior Orientalis 9 (czerwiec 2022): 129–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/27204006pmo.22.008.15930.
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Na przełomie XVIII i XIX wieku władze pruskie połączyły kanałem wodnym Wartę koło Konina z Jeziorem Pątnowskim, a także planowały kolejny kanał łączący jeziora Ślesińskie i Gopło. Z powodów wojen i poprowadzenia granicy między Niemcami i Rosją w rejonie Gopła do realizacji tego projektu nie doszło. Istniejący przez cały XIX wiek Kanał Mikorzyński pełnił funkcję rowu odwadniającego, a w mniejszym stopniu kanału do spławu drewna czy żeglugi. Powstanie państwa polskiego w 1918 roku dało impuls do projektowania kanału śródlądowego Śląsk-Wisła, biegnącego przez centralne ziemie państwa, ale niewykorzystującego połączenia między Wartą i Gopłem. Odcinek ten mający charakter lokalny (do 200 ton) projektowały władze Wielkopolski z Poznaniem i Bydgoszczą. Ostatecznie kanał warciańsko-goplański rząd włączył w skład projektowanego kanału węglowego określając jego wielkość transportową na 600 ton. Brak funduszy powodował stałe przekładanie terminu rozpoczęcia budowy kanału Wart-Gopło, pomimo ponawiania przez rząd co kila lat zapowiedzi rozpoczęciu robót. Za budową szlaku wodnego opowiadały się powiaty leżące przy kanale a także te dalej położone, władze miast dużych i małych, organizacje oraz stowarzyszenia techniczne a także gospodarcze Polski zachodniej. Wstępny plan kanału przygotowany w latach 1923-1927 został w latach 1936-1937 uszczegółowiony i przyjęty do realizacji. Prace ziemne ruszyły w maju 1938 roku. Treatment of Water Binks of Warta with Goplo (until 1937) At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, the Prussian authorities connected the Warta water channel near Konin with Lake Pątnowski and planned another canal linking Lakes Ślesińskie and Gopło. Due to the wars and the demarcation of borders between Germany and Russia in the Goplo region, this project could not be realized. The Mikorzyn Canal, which existed throughout the 19th century, was used as a drainage ditch and, to a lesser extent, as a channel for the drainage of wood or navigation. The founding of the Polish state in 1918 led to the planning of the Silesian-Vistula inland canal, which runs through the central areas of the state but does not use the connection between Warta and Goplo. This section with a local character (up to 200 tonnes) was planned by the authorities of Wielkopolska with Poznań and Bydgoszcza. Finally, the government in Warciańsko-Goplansk included the planned coal channel and defined its transport volume at 600 tonnes. The lack of funding led to a constant postponement of the start of construction of the Warta-Gopło Canal, despite the government’s announcement that it would begin work every few years. For the construction of the waterway the counties located on the canal and the more distant counties, the authorities of the large and small towns, the organizations and technical and economic associations of western Poland have spoken out. The preliminary canal plan drawn up in the years 1923-1927 was refined from 1936 to 1937 and accepted for realisation. Earthworks began in May 1938.
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PALMOWSKI, JAN. "LIBERALISM AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN LATE NINETEENTH-CENTURY GERMANY AND ENGLAND". Historical Journal 45, nr 2 (czerwiec 2002): 381–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x02002431.
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In the second half of the nineteenth century, local government was intrinsic to the nature of liberalism in theory and practice, beyond the specific national contexts of England or Germany. At an ideological and practical level, local government was integral to the liberals' concern for efficient and representative government. As long as liberals were unwilling to contemplate more redistributive state measures, local government became their central arena for social policy. Local involvement in primary education provided them with the ability to enable individual progress and self-fulfilment, while control of local income and taxation provided a further tangible yardstick against which liberal politics could be measured. The liberals' popularity in the urban sphere was enhanced through a distinctive rhetoric of civic pride. However, the appeal to community and belonging which this entailed remained illusory as long as liberals remained wedded to granting special political rights to property. Ultimately, the liberals' success and innovativeness in local government led to a ‘nationalization’ of their policies and concerns. In this way, local government contributed to the liberals' popularity from the 1870s, and underlined their ultimate failure.
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Whittington, Richard, i Rosa Dover. "Local government responses to aerospace restructuring in France and Germany". Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 5, nr 3 (listopad 1990): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690949008726054.
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Kuhlmann, Sabine. "Reforming Local Government in Germany: Institutional Changes and Performance Impacts". German Politics 18, nr 2 (czerwiec 2009): 226–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09644000902870842.
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Osterland, Martin. "The Re-Institution of Local Self-Government in Eastern Germany". European Urban and Regional Studies 1, nr 1 (styczeń 1994): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096977649400100102.
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Wollmann, Hellmut. "Local Government Modernization in Germany: Between Incrementalism and Reform Waves". Public Administration 78, nr 4 (styczeń 2000): 915–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00237.
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Vaerst, Tobias, Theresa Steffens i Robert Lokaiczyk. "Concerns Management, E-Government and E-Participation". International Journal of E-Planning Research 4, nr 4 (październik 2015): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.2015100103.
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Advancements in internet technology have profoundly changed communication between citizens and government authorities. Concerns management systems and smartphone applications offer new and convenient channels of interaction. In Germany, the “Mängelmelder” platform offers a nationwide service channel for local citizens' concerns. Citizens generally use this communication channel for reporting public infrastructure defects. This paper examines whether the “Mängelmelder” platform – with customized systems can facilitate further citizen participation at the local level in Germany. Analysing different customized systems shows that possibilities for further use depend on the way in which local authorities handle the citizens' input. It could not be proven that offering an open category for citizens' recommendations (in a customized concerns management system) has an impact on further citizen participation. But using digital citizen services, such as concerns management platforms, can indeed facilitate increased citizen participation.
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Reichard, Christoph. "Strengthening competitiveness of local public service providers in Germany". International Review of Administrative Sciences 72, nr 4 (grudzień 2006): 473–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852306070079.
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This article discusses the challenges for providers of local public services to adapt to increasing marketization and competition in the public sector. Based on some empirical evidence from local government in Germany, the article describes different adaptive measures in the past and shows the legal restrictions to strengthening performance and particularly competitiveness. Furthermore, the article presents some findings from good practice cases of local service providers in Germany who have successfully exposed themselves to market mechanisms. Finally, the article discusses observed results of increased competitiveness in the local government sector, with special regard to quality, efficiency and public employment. The article concludes with describing necessary elements of a competitive regime for public services and with some general reflections about the role of competition in the public sector.
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Parszewski, Kazimierz. "CONTEMPORARY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN POLAND AND THE EUROPEAN UNION". sj-economics scientific journal 8 (30.06.2011): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.58246/sjeconomics.v8i.488.
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This work presents modern local governments in Poland and selected European countries. This paper shows the local power structure, organizations and their competences as well as tasks and Government control. There are also indicated values of local democracy of the European Charter of local self government and legal problems of territorial self – government in Italy, France, Germany, Spain, Austria and Belgium.
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Gorzelik, Jerzy. "Wiatr z Północy. Dyskursywne konstruowanie Heimat na przykładzie gmachu dawnej Królewskiej Szkoły Rzemiosł Budowlanych w Katowicach i jego wystroju". Przegląd Kulturoznawczy, nr 4 (50) (30.12.2021): 745–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843860pk.21.051.14968.
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Wind from the North: The Discursive Construction of Heimat Exemplified by the Edifice of the Former Royal School of Building Crafts (Königliche Baugerwerkschule) in Katowice and its Decoration The paper examines the edifice of the former school of building crafts (Baugewerkschule) in Katowice, Upper Silesia, which opened in 1901, and its decoration. The works of architecture, painting and sculpture were interpreted as carriers of a discourse calculated to construct Heimat, located within the borders of the Prussian Silesian Province. The building’s forms, reminiscent of the brick Gothic of northern Germany, were characteristic of the milieu of the Technische Hochschule in Hannover, where the designers of the edifice were educated. The city’s coat of arms was depicted on the facade, the vaulted ceiling of the auditorium was decorated with dragon and gryphon motifs of Scandinavian origin, and its walls painted with images of St. Hedwig ‒ the patron saint of Silesia, viewed here as a deconfessionalized personification of the land ‒ the Prussian eagle, and four iconic monuments of historic Silesian architecture. Thus, references were made to various levels of identity ‒ local, regional, national, and the mythologised Germanic North. The narrative constructed in this way fits into the cultural nationalism of the educated German bourgeoisie (Bildungsbürgertum), which grows out of the Romantic tradition. At the same time, the emphasis on the opposition of the North and South can be seen as a strategy for overcoming the peripheral status of Silesia in a world organised by the West-East axis. The school’s building in Katowice exemplifies how the elites of the German Empire used visual means to construct modern imagined communities.
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Copus, Colin, i Kristof Steyvers. "Local Leadership and Local-Self Government: Avoiding the Abyss". Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 15, nr 1 (31.01.2017): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/15.1.1-18(2017).
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A series of trends have emerged across Europe which have stimulated change in local government, local democracy and local leadership particularly where local government and local leaders have had to respond to crisis, economic downturn and the pressures of public engagement in times of restraint and public service decline. The special issue of Lex Localis (14:4, 2016) explored those factors in countries as diverse as Iceland, Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain, the Czech and Slovak Republics and Poland, to provide valuable insights into the turbulent times within which local self-government is located. That issue of Lex Localis was drawn from two related sources: the ECPR joint sessions work shop in Warsaw on local political leadership in times of austerity and from papers produced for the LocRef Cost Action democratic renewal workgroup. The paper here presents a review of, and retrospective introduction to that special issue. But by also drawing on other sources it offers an exploration of the broad trends shaping the development of local government and also develops a commentary on the factors which stimulate or hinder the success of local leadership, local government and local democracy in challenging times.
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Ryu, Ji Woong. "A Study on the Legislative Participation of Local Governments in Switzerland and Germany". European Constitutional Law Association 41 (30.04.2023): 567–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21592/eucj.2023.41.567.
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The purpose of this study is to compare the legal systems of Switzerland and Germany to expand the participation of local governments in legislation in Korea. Today, opinions and participation of local governments are expanding through the strengthening of local autonomy and the expansion of decentralization. Currently, in Korea, local governments can indirectly present their opinions, participate in public hearings, hearings, etc. through the Local Autonomy Act, the National Assembly Act, and the legislative operation regulations, and these procedures remain objects, not subjects. In order to improve this, it is necessary to analyze the legal systems of Switzerland and Germany, where local governments and local government associations are actively participating as legislators and related parties in relation to autonomy, and review their implications for Korea. In the case of Switzerland, Kenton is widely recognized for his participation in legislation. To this end, the federal constitution stipulates in detail. Legislative participation is also recognized by expanding diplomatic affairs, and strong legislative participation is promoted through the right to request a referendum, and similar to Germany, federal senators can be formed as representatives of Canton to participate in parliamentary legislation. Looking at the characteristics of the legislative participation systems of Swiss and German local governments, the following characteristics are shown. First, legislative participation in the central government and the National Assembly is very actively recognized. On the other hand, in Germany, local governments and associations of local governments generally recognize limited and passive participation in legislation in the National Assembly. However, as a supplement to this, local governments are actively realizing legislative participation in the National Assembly through the exercise of members of the Federal Council or the right to vote. In Switzerland and Germany, the scope of affairs related to local governments is widely recognized for the scope of legislation that local governments and local government councils can participate in, but legislative participation is not limited to legislation, but even zero, rules, and plans are recognized. In order for local governments and local government councils to actively present their opinions on local autonomy and improve the legal system, including legislative participation by local governments It is thought that allowing the heads of local governments at the same national level to participate in actual state legislation and policies as State Council members could be a way to expand the institutional guarantees of local governments guaranteed under the constitution.
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Krzysztofik, Robert, Agata Zagórowska, Iwona Kantor-Pietraga, Dominika Malchar-Michalska, Marzena Lamparska i Aleksandra Dudek. "The impact of regional demographics on Higher Education Policy. An example from Silesia, Poland". Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 9, nr 1 (1.03.2021): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2021-0002.
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Abstract The determinants of higher education policy have their sources in various spheres, such as economic, social, educational, national policy, administrative, and demographic. Problems for the development of higher education also stem from these spheres. One of them is the challenging demographic situation that is a significant element of developing higher education in southern Poland (particuarly in the Silesia region). Given this context, this article aims to indicate the policies of the universities in the region which respond to the existing demographic threats. This relationship is to confront student opinions regarding their vision for their education and future career within the current demographic situation. Using research-based on an analysis of university and regional local government strategic documents and surveys carried out among students, we conclude that higher education development policy is responding to the demographic transformation. Meanwhile, students’ attitudes to the challenges of the demographic situation is quite “flexible” and relatively ambivalent. This article presents the contrast between the increasingly tricky demographic situation in Silesia, Poland, and the limited response in the two main groups of stakeholders – academic authorities and students – that require shaping higher education ipolicy towards future demographic challenges.
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Scarrow, Susan E. "Does local party organisation make a difference? Political parties and local government elections in Germany". German Politics 2, nr 3 (grudzień 1993): 377–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09644009308404335.
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Akula, Kateryna. "MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE IN GERMANY: PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR UKRAINE". Scientific Journal of Polonia University 62, nr 1 (8.07.2024): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/6218.
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Establishing a municipal governance system is a long process focused on selecting the best practices that have proven to be effective and efficient. One of the methods is the transit of elements of municipal systems borrowed from other countries. The experience of ensuring democratic participation of the community formed in Germany is of interest. The purpose of the article is to identify the components of the German model of municipal governance that can be used by Ukraine to improve the efficiency of the national system of local self-government and bring it closer to EU standards. The elements of the comparative analysis in the article are the analysis of the institutional model of municipal governance and its state and political basis; determination of the specifics of the distribution of powers between the state and local governments and the nature of community participation in local self-government; characterization of the system of financial guarantees and the budget system; determination of the principles of cooperation and coordination of municipalities. The article uses the methodology of comparative analysis based on the identification and analysis of the legal, structural, organizational, political and economic components of municipal governance in Ukraine and Germany.
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Biernacka-Ligięza, Ilona. "Election Marketing and Communication Management in Local Public Sphere". Zarządzanie Mediami 8, nr 4 (2020): 495–523. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23540214zm.20.048.12652.
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The proposed paper is going to be an analysis of communication management during local elections campaigns in Poland in 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, 2018. The 2002 was chosen as the starting point of the analysis because of the following facts: 1) those were the first direct local elections for mayors/municipality heads; 2) the number of council members was reduced by law all of which heralded an interesting competition. The high turnover rate of candidates for councillors across different regions of Poland in 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018 local government elections has been attributed in part to the volatility caused by greater media and public interest in council issues. The paper is based on: the theory analysis, qualitative and quantitative research (questionnaires), statistical analysis (questionnaires and reports) and content analysis (selected papers; radio/TV stations; web pages). Surveys were carried out in: 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018. The survey was followed at the region of Lower Silesia. In this paper there is presented detailed data from the study of Dzierżoniów county. There were chosen varied types of communes: periphery and centre of the region. The group of around 2500 respondents was analysed.
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Biernacka-Ligięza, Ilona. "Election Marketing and Communication Management in Local Public Sphere". Zarządzanie Mediami 8, nr 4 (2020): 495–523. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23540214zm.20.048.12652.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The proposed paper is going to be an analysis of communication management during local elections campaigns in Poland in 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, 2018. The 2002 was chosen as the starting point of the analysis because of the following facts: 1) those were the first direct local elections for mayors/municipality heads; 2) the number of council members was reduced by law all of which heralded an interesting competition. The high turnover rate of candidates for councillors across different regions of Poland in 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018 local government elections has been attributed in part to the volatility caused by greater media and public interest in council issues. The paper is based on: the theory analysis, qualitative and quantitative research (questionnaires), statistical analysis (questionnaires and reports) and content analysis (selected papers; radio/TV stations; web pages). Surveys were carried out in: 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018. The survey was followed at the region of Lower Silesia. In this paper there is presented detailed data from the study of Dzierżoniów county. There were chosen varied types of communes: periphery and centre of the region. The group of around 2500 respondents was analysed.
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Латыпова, Наталия Сергеевна. "FEATURES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN THE USA AND GERMANY: RECEPTION OPPORTUNITIES". Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Право, nr 4(68) (29.12.2021): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtpravo/2021.4.053.
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Автор рассматривает германскую и американскую модели организации местного самоуправления, раскрывая особенности каждой из них. Предметом анализа стало правовое регулирование и порядок организации местного самоуправления в США и Германии, место муниципалитетов в системе органов государственной власти указанных стран, а также возможность заимствования отдельных их элементов в отечественной правовой системе. В ходе работы выявлены достоинства и недостатки организации местного самоуправления в США и Германии, определены магистральные векторы развития муниципалитетов России. The author examines the German and American models of organizing local self-government, revealing the features of each of them. The subject of the analysis was the legal regulation and procedure for organizing local self-government in the United States and Germany, the place of municipalities in the system of government bodies of these countries, as well as the possibility of borrowing their individual elements in In the course of the work, the advantages and disadvantages of organizing local self-government in the United States and Germany were identified, and the main vectors of development of Russian municipalities were identified.
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Martynenko, V. L. "RECRUITING GERMAN MIGRANTS FROM THE USSR TO THE GERMAN ARMED FORCES AT THE END OF WORLD WAR II". Вестник Пермского университета. История, nr 3(50) (2020): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2020-3-89-99.
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German immigrants who were evacuated by the German authorities in 1943–1944 from the USSR to the territory of Warthegau, Silesia, General Government and Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, became part of the human resources actively used not only in the economy, but also in defensive measures of the Reich. Contrary to the fact that the mobilization of that potential contingent was relatively low, tens of thousands of men were in the ranks of the armed forces of Germany. A significant number of Soviet Germans were replenishment for the SS troops. The initial process of attracting German settlers to military service was not easy and required adherence to a number of formalities related to their naturalization. One of the key factors that also had an effect on solving the issue of ethnic Germans in the internal service was the long-standing contradiction between the Wehrmacht and the SS. The article notes that, in the last months of the war, immigrants from the USSR found themselves in practically no alternative situation, since the military and political leadership of Germany decided to mobilize all men appropriate for military service, regardless of the naturalization. By the end of hostilities in Europe, many Soviet Germans serving in the German army had been captured by the Western allies or the Red Army.
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Mattheß, Helga, i Ute Sodemann. "Trauma-Aid, Humanitarian Assistance Program Germany". Journal of EMDR Practice and Research 8, nr 4 (2014): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.8.4.225.
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Trauma-Aid Germany was founded in 2002 by dedicated eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapists to help people traumatized by calamities, disaster, or violence to overcome the psychological consequences and regain emotional stability and mental health. Trauma-Aid, also known as the Humanitarian Assistance Program Germany, works in crisis areas abroad, offering nonprofit trainings in EMDR therapy and establishing projects to support and treat trauma victims and survivors. Projects in China, Slovakia, Indonesia, Thailand, Cambodia, Burma, Rwanda, and Haiti, in cooperation with other nongovernmental organizations and the German government, have supported trained participants in the treatment of clients in the respective countries and the initiation of local research projects. The basic principle is to work with networks of local practitioners or mental health worker, experts, and universities to establish structures that will maintain themselves in future. Nearly all countries to which Trauma-Aid Germany has taken training have meanwhile set up their own EMDR organizations, with many local EMDR trainers already trained or in training.
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Milbradt, G. H. "The Local Business Tax in Germany from the Local Authority Point of View". Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 5, nr 1 (marzec 1987): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c050053.
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A wide range of criticisms apply to the present local business tax in Germany: It is incompatible with a rational tax system; the definition of the tax base is inequitable; it is unstable through the economic cycle; it is very unequal between areas; it leaves local finance vulnerable to economic declines; it is not perceptible; and it has been subject to reforms at federal level which have taken no account of local needs. However, from the point of view of local government the tax has many advantages: particularly, that it is a large source of revenue, it is fairly autonomous, and it links businesses to local authorities. Reform is nevertheless required, but it is argued that this should be based on revitalisation of the present business tax, primarily by widening its tax base or by the institution of a new tax on the local value-added.
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Fortin-Rittberger, Jessica, Christina Eder, Corinna Kroeber i Vanessa Marent. "How Party Systems Shape Local–National Gender Gaps". Government and Opposition 54, nr 1 (4.12.2017): 52–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2017.30.
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Women’s representation is highest in local assemblies in some countries, while others display the largest share of female office-holders at the national level. Drawing on a new data set mapping the representation of women at all four levels of government in Germany during the 2000s, we argue that differences in party system configurations across echelons explain these distinct patterns and provide evidence for this claim. We show that left-wing parties, the main source of female office-holders, perform better at higher echelons, while minor parties and independent representatives, which favour male candidacy, win more seats at the lowest levels of government.
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Gunlicks, Arthur B. "German Federalism and Recent Reform Efforts". German Law Journal 6, nr 10 (1.10.2005): 1283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200014322.
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In both the United States and Germany constitutional lawyers, politicians, and the attentive public speak of “dual federalism.” In the United States this means that the federal government and the states have separate political and administrative responsibilities and their own sources of revenues. In Germany, in contrast, dual federalism means that the federal government, i.e., the executive and legislative branches, are responsible for most legislation, and that the Länder (states; singular, Land) generally administer the laws (in large part through their local governments) on their own responsibility. In both federal systems “dual federalism” has been undermined if not replaced by “cooperative federalism,” generally associated with the New Deal era in the United States and the Finance Reform of 1969 in Germany. In the meantime “intergovernmental relations” has more or less replaced the concept of “cooperative federalism” in the United States, while Politikverflechtung (political/policy interconnection and coordination) is perhaps the more commonly used term in Germany today. In both cases the new terms reflect an interrelationship among federal, regional, and local levels that goes beyond mere cooperation.
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Will, Martin. "Baron vom Stein, the Prussian Law on Municipal Government of 1808 and the Creation of the German Tradition of Participative Self-Government". Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 6, nr 3 (2.09.2009): 271–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/55.
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Most European States have their own particular form and tradition of local self-government. The German concept of local self-government goes back to the Prussian reformer Baron vom Stein who introduced local self-government 200 years ago in Prussia by means of the Prussian Law on Municipal Government. In essence, the then promoted concept of self-government meant that citizens with voting powers had the right to elect a representative assembly which in turn formed a central legislative as well as an administrative organ duly representing the whole citizenship of the town. The fundamental principle of self-government was later transferred to other areas such as the self-government of trade and industry, the self-government of liberal professions or the self-government of universities. As self-government was applied to ever more fields, various scholars contributed to a general concept of self-government or self administration which can now be seen as one of the basic structural principles of the constitutional system of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Key words: • Prussian Law • municipial government • local self-government •constitutional system
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Zimmermann, H. "British and German Local Business Taxes under Criteria for a ‘Good’ Local Tax". Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 5, nr 1 (marzec 1987): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c050043.
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In this paper, local government taxes on business in Britain and Germany are examined from the point of view of criteria for a ‘good’ local tax. The following criteria are evaluated: Ability to pay; support for national economic objectives (intranational allocation, international competition); distribution and stabilization; collection and compliance costs; local authority requirements of revenues, tax rates, stability, and response to growth; and interarea effects. Comparison of the two countries shows major deficiencies with both tax systems, as well as with many reform proposals. The recent British Green Paper is evaluated in particular and criticized for its divorce of accountability to businesses.
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Bulkeley, Harriet, i Kristine Kern. "Local Government and the Governing of Climate Change in Germany and the UK". Urban Studies 43, nr 12 (listopad 2006): 2237–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00420980600936491.
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PALMOWSKI, JAN. "THE POLITICS OF THE ‘UNPOLITICAL GERMAN’: LIBERALISM IN GERMAN LOCAL GOVERNMENT, 1860–1880". Historical Journal 42, nr 3 (wrzesień 1999): 675–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x99008602.
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Contrary to the widespread assumption that in imperial Germany urban affairs were conducted by a homogeneous ‘unpolitical’ notable elite until around 1900, a review of recently published case studies suggests that politics had entered local government by the 1870s. Frequent causes for the politicization of local affairs included confessional divisions, territorial change, or simply the wish of local elites to buttress their own positions. The ways in which liberals in particular took advantage of this emergence of political discourse at the urban level is highlighted by the case of Frankfurt am Main. The city's three liberal parties developed in competition with each other. Each managed to address and articulate the citizens' peculiar grievances with differing degrees of success. By 1880, public life inside and outside the town hall was conducted according to political ground rules, and this was accepted by every party. Against the still prevailing view of a rigid liberalism which after 1874 was in evident terminal decline, the decade after 1866 needs to be recognized as the period in which liberals took charge of municipal government across most of Germany, through the politicization of often highly individual local concerns with astonishing sophistication and flexibility.
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Seele, Günter. "L’administration en zone rurale". Revue française d'administration publique 78, nr 1 (1996): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rfap.1996.3041.
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Administration in Rural Areas. In Germany the local government in rural areas operates at two levels : municipalities and districts (Kreise). Districts have a certain degree of administrative autonomy and are composed of a representative assembly and an executive. Municipalities have greater prerogatives in the management of local affairs. Nevertheless, these two levels of local government often cooperate with each other and exercise their various powers jointly. Thus, the districts assist and advise the smaller municipalities, while at the same time they sometimes call upon the municipalities to carry out certain tasks.
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Piechocka-Kłos, Maria. "Saint Martin in Polish local self-government heraldry". Forum Teologiczne 23 (25.11.2022): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/ft.8026.
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Saint Martin is a very popular character in the Christian tradition. His life and deeds have had a considerable impact on successive generations of Christians, beginning with the Middle Ages and he is still present in the minds of believers. The popularity of this saint in Poland and Europe is reflected in many names of churches, parishes, chapels, altars as well as in art, names and heraldry. This paper presents selected local self-government coats of arms displaying an image of St. Martin or attributes associated with him. The full figure of St. Martin in Polish local self-government heraldry can be found on the coats of arms of five rural communes (the communes of Biskupice, Drużbice, Granowo, Mochowo and Wiśniowa), the coats of arms of two urban communes (the commune of Jawor, the town and commune of Pacanów) and the coat of arms of an urban quarter (Słocina – currently a quarter of Rzeszów, earlier – until 1954 – a commune). Only one of these, i.e. the coat of arms of the commune of Poświętne, refers to St. Martin by objects associated with him. Heraldic representations of Martin of Tours can be found, for example, in Germany, especially in Hesse, Bavaria, Rhineland-Palatinate, Mainz, but also in Czechia, Austria, Slovakia, Finland and Ukraine.
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Wollmann, Hellmut. "Local Government Systems: From Historic Divergence towards Convergence? Great Britain, France, and Germany as Comparative Cases in Point". Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 18, nr 1 (luty 2000): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c9867.
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The author aims at a comparative analysis of the development of local government systems in Britain, France, and Germany. First, he makes the point that, during the historical evolution of the local government systems of the three countries over the last century, their institutional profiles have exhibited an almost classical divergence. Against this historical background the author pursues answers to the questions of whether, to what degree, and why the local government systems of the three countries have, in their more recent development, shown institutional convergence. Among the factors possibly fostering such convergence, the following are highlighted in the paper: the internationalisation (‘globalisation’) of socioeconomic and political challenges and institutional responses to them.
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Haustein, Ellen, Peter C. Lorson, Lasse Olavi Oulasvirta i Lotta-Maria Sinervo. "Perceived usability of local government (LG) financial statements by local councillors: comparative study of Finland and Germany". International Journal of Public Sector Management 34, nr 4 (3.06.2021): 441–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-09-2020-0227.
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PurposeThis paper studies the usability of LG financial statements as perceived by local councillors. By drawing on a comparative view of two countries with different periods of accrual accounting use in the public sector, the authors investigate how local councillors assess the usability of LG financial statements in order to question accounting reform success. Determinants that influence the usability assessment are explored.Design/methodology/approachExploratory design: data were collected from questionnaires with 24 local councillors from five Finnish local governments (LGs) and 30 local councillors from six German LGs. An adjusted variant of the system usability scale was analysed with descriptive statistics and non-parametric group comparisons.FindingsIn both countries, the usability assessment of financial statements seems to be positive, indicating a successful reform process. In Finland, where the accrual government accounting reform has had a longer time to settle in, councillors seem to assess usability only partially better than German councillors. Several determinants of the usability assessment were detected, such as size and debt level of the LG as well as local councillors' gender, political orientation and education. Generally, councillors need more assistance and training in using financial statements.Originality/valueThe study is the first to conduct a quantitative assessment of the usability of LG financial statements as perceived by councillors. The system usability scale was adjusted to a public sector reporting context. The paper adopts a transnational comparative approach.
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Glinka, Kamil. "Urban Policy in Election Campaigns – The Case of the Presidents of the Biggest Cities of Lower Silesia". Polish Political Science Review 3, nr 1 (1.06.2015): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ppsr-2015-0028.
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Abstract The main aim of the article is to present the relationship between urban policy and the marketing activity of the presidents of Wrocław, Wałbrzych, Legnica, and Jelenia Góra during the period of the 2014 local government election campaign. Analysis of the marketing activity of the presidents, conducted via chosen social media, enables presentation of the most important conditions and reasons for using urban policy in the competition for the support of citizens – potential voters. First, it will show that the marketing actions of a president during an election campaign are not the means of creating the image of a city but gaining the support of voters. Second, the analysis will prove that the election message constructed by presidents is based on the actions conducted in the various areas of urban policy.
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Gulińska, Emilia. "Communal Seniors Council as an Institution of Social Participation in Local Government". Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 29, nr 1 (29.03.2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2020.29.1.99-108.
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<p>The article deals with the issues of Communal Seniors Council as an institution of social participation in local government. The considerations start with the discussion of the concept and the essence of social participation and participation of the elderly in public life. Then, the Communal Seniors Councils were analysed in the light of the Act on the Municipal Self-Government, the functions of the Seniors’ Councils, as well as the social participation of the elderly in the United Kingdom and Germany also were presented.</p>
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Cisek, Marta. "Polityka wspierania gospodarki społecznej na poziomie regionu. Wybrane aspekty funkcjonowania dolnośląskich przedsiębiorstw społecznych". Wrocławskie Studia Politologiczne 20 (16.08.2016): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1643-0328.20.5.
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Social economy support policy at a regional level. Selected issues concerning social enterprises in Lower SilesiaSocial enterprises develop in regions where they are actively supported by the local government and NGOs. That is why in this paper public social economy support instruments strategic, legal and financial at a regional level are analyzed. The main purpose of this paper is to present the situation of the social economy based on the example of the Lower Silesian social enterprises. Of particular value is the empirical part — results of my own research on the experience of social enterprises in Lower Silesia. Interviews with Lower Silesian social entrepreneurs provided information about the effectiveness of public support instruments, the quality of cooperation with stakeholders, legal and financial situation, areas of destructive social entrepreneurship, and finally allowed me to formulate some conclusions in this field.