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Sutanta, Edhy, i Jazi Eko Istiyanto. "KEBIJAKAN STANDARISASI DATA DAN PROBLEM INTEROPERABILITAS PADA APLIKASI E-GO VERNMENT". CCIT Journal 6, nr 1 (10.09.2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33050/ccit.v6i1.372.
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Interoperabilitybetween systemsine-Gov inlndonesiais animportantandurgentproblemtobe overcome. Data standardizationpolicyis an efforttowardsinteroperability, but itcanalsobe acause ofthe problemof interoperabilityine-Gov applications. Efforts tostandardizethe dataforthee-Gov systemhas beenperformedbyseverallocalandcentralgovernment agencies, butsince noclearframeworkof nationalguidelines, the majority ofdata standardizationis stillsectoral. This raises thenewproblemsrelated tointeroperabilitybefiveen systemsine-Gov. The neweffortis neededin the task ofdevelopa nationaldata standardsrequiredby allagencies sectors. Involvement ofallagenciesin the preparation ofnationaldata standardsnecessarytoanticipatethe variousneeds ofmulti-sectoraldata andinformation.Communication and InformationA/finistryof Indonesiais theappropriateagencytocarry outthe task,because it hassufficient authoritytothe horizontal(coordination function) and vertically(control function). This paperdiscusses thepolicy ofstandardization of dataandproblemsassociated with theinteroperabilityacross systemsine-Gov, and itsidea ofa solution to theproblem.
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Ding, Huijun. "Image Features of Dynamic Enhanced Computed Tomography Scanning Combined with Digestive Endoscopy in the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Varices and Nursing of Esophagogastric Gastric Varices Bleeding". Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (20.06.2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7926114.
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The objective of this study was to investigate the application of dynamic contrast-enhanced CT images in the nursing of patients with gastroesophageal varices (GOV) treated by digestive endoscopy and its role in relieving bleeding symptoms. A total of 60 patients with liver cirrhosis and GOV were selected as the research objects. According to whether CT was used to evaluate the position of tissue adhesion embolism, the patients were divided into the control group (24 cases) and the observation group (36 cases). The treatment effect and bleeding situation of patients in the two groups were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the main portal vein pressure ( 17.24 ± 1.02 cmH2O), liver function recovery effect ( 2.84 ± 0.45 points), and total effective rate (100%) in observation group were better than those in control group ( 9.70 ± 1.22 cmH2O, 0.95 ± 0.72 points, and 79.17%, respectively) ( P < 0.05 ). In addition, the bleeding rate in observation group (0%) was significantly lower than that in control group (16.67%) ( P < 0.05 ). In conclusion, dynamically enhanced CT scan images combined with digestive endoscopy can help improve the therapeutic effect of GOV and reduce postoperative bleeding, which was worthy of clinical application and promotion.
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Reny, Marie-Eve. "Autocracies and the Control of Societal Organizations". Government and Opposition 56, nr 1 (2.04.2019): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2019.7.
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AbstractAuthoritarian regimes seek to prevent formal and informal organizations in society from engaging in mobilized dissent. What strategies do they use to do so, and what explains their choices? I posit that state actors in autocracies use four mechanisms to control societal organizations: repression, coercion, cooptation and containment. How they control these organizations depends on whether they think they might undermine political stability. Two factors inform that assessment. First is whether state actors think societal organizations’ interests are reconcilable with regime resilience. Second is whether groups are in national or international networks that are either cohesive or incohesive. While the irreconcilability of interests influences state actors’ perceptions of groups as subversive, network cohesion shapes organizations’ capacity for large-scale mobilization.
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Nguyen, Chinh, Rosemary Stockdale, Helana Scheepers i Jason Sargent. "Electronic Records Management - An Old Solution to a New Problem". International Journal of Electronic Government Research 10, nr 4 (październik 2014): 94–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijegr.2014100105.
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The rapid development of technology and interactive nature of Government 2.0 (Gov 2.0) is generating large data sets for Government, resulting in a struggle to control, manage, and extract the right information. Therefore, research into these large data sets (termed Big Data) has become necessary. Governments are now spending significant finances on storing and processing vast amounts of information because of the huge proliferation and complexity of Big Data and a lack of effective records management. On the other hand, there is a method called Electronic Records Management (ERM), for controlling and governing the important data of an organisation. This paper investigates the challenges identified from reviewing the literature for Gov 2.0, Big Data, and ERM in order to develop a better understanding of the application of ERM to Big Data to extract useable information in the context of Gov 2.0. The paper suggests that a key building block in providing useable information to stakeholders could potentially be ERM with its well established governance policies. A framework is constructed to illustrate how ERM can play a role in the context of Gov 2.0. Future research is necessary to address the specific constraints and expectations placed on governments in terms of data retention and use.
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Johal, Sukhdev, Michael Moran i Karel Williams. "Power, Politics and the City of London after the Great Financial Crisis". Government and Opposition 49, nr 3 (22.05.2014): 400–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2014.3.
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Four faces of power are summarized, based on the established literature in political science and the work of Foucault: they are power over decision, the power of agenda control, hegemonic power and capillary power. The four faces correspond also to four strategies used by City elites in the UK to protect markets from democratic control. Strategies have developed out of conjunctural crises. The most recent strategy, which involved a form of capillary power, was greatly damaged in the financial crisis of 2007–8. Since then the City has been obliged to retreat to a reliance on the exercise of power over decision, which involves open lobbying.
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Kalicki, Konrad. "Trading Liberty: Assisted Repatriation in Liberal Democracies". Government and Opposition 55, nr 4 (27.07.2020): 711–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2020.15.
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AbstractSurging flows of international migrants challenge the state's capacity to control borders. This problem is especially acute when it involves unwanted, yet often the most vulnerable, incomers. In liberal democracies, policymakers are caught in the dilemma of how to block their presence without contravening the state's fundamental liberal principles. Against the backdrop of these realities, this article traces the development of monetized means of inducing the voluntary repatriation of such migrants. In contrast to the conventional view that associates this political phenomenon with the neoliberal marketization of belonging, I contend that the growing practice of incentivizing migrants to leave is better conceptualized as a subset of immigration control policies rooted in the liberal ideals that imbue the institutional orders of liberal democracies. From the state's perspective, such post-arrival measures pay greater attention to the individual rights of migrants. This argument is advanced with special reference to the underexplored case of Japan.
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Pavlecic, Jacob. "Drinks on Us: Defending the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board". Pitt Political Review 12, nr 1 (24.10.2017): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ppr.2017.91.
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According to to Yuengling: the History of America’s Oldest Brewery, the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board (PLCB) was designed to, in the words of then-Governor Gifford Pinchot, make liquor sales “as inconvenient and expensive as possible.” The PLCB is the state agency with sole control over the distribution and sale of alcohol in Pennsylvania. State House Republicans agree with Gov. Pinchot and have been arguing that it is time to privatize the PLCB. They charge that the agency is “archaic” and losing money. Supporters of the PLCB argue that privatization would result in higher prices for consumers and the loss of well-paying Pennsylvania jobs. While the PLCB does have some inherent features making it harder to buy alcohol, the best option for the citizens of Pennsylvania is a modernized PLCB.
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Finke, Daniel, i Annika Herbel. "Coalition Politics and Parliamentary Oversight in the European Union". Government and Opposition 53, nr 3 (19.09.2016): 388–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2016.28.
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According to the literature, parliamentary scrutiny is either used by the opposition to control the government or by a coalition partner to control the leading minister. Yet, neither the opposition alone nor individual governing parties alone can muster a parliamentary majority to adopt recommendations, resolutions or statements. Therefore, we ask which parties coalesce in co-sponsoring such joint position papers on European Union policy proposals and why. Tying in with the existing literature, we offer three explanations. Firstly, position papers are co-sponsored by so-called ‘policy coalitions’, a group of parties that hold similar preferences on the policy under discussion. Secondly, governing parties form coalitions which support their minister’s position vis-à-vis his or her international partners in Brussels. Thirdly, party groups co-sponsor position papers to counterbalance the leading minister’s deviation from the floor median.On the empirical side, we study the statements issued by committees of the Finnish Eduskunta and recommendations adopted by committees of the German Bundestag over a period of 10 years. Though having similarly strong parliaments, the two countries are characterized by very different types of coalition governments. These differences are mirrored in the observed co-sponsorship patterns.
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Jamal, Amal. "Manufacturing ‘Quiet Arabs’ in Israel: Ethnicity, Media Frames and Soft Power". Government and Opposition 48, nr 2 (17.12.2012): 245–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2012.12.
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This article has three aims. First, it aims to explain how media framing forms a central soft power tool utilized by states for the political control of social groups antagonistic to the states' dominant ideology. For that purpose it addresses Israeli state efforts to penetrate the native Arab community that remained within its borders after the 1948 war, seeking to create submissive ‘quiet Arab’ citizens. Second, it examines the role of Jewish-Arab (Mizrahi) professional opinion-makers in creating and maintaining this framing. Third, it demonstrates that efforts made by states to influence ‘captive audiences’ by media outlets in the global age can be successful only if they meet the needs of the target community.
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Müller, Markus-Michael. "‘Public’ Security and Patron–Client Exchanges in Latin America". Government and Opposition 48, nr 4 (3.04.2013): 548–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2013.2.
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Notwithstanding the democratization processes that have taken place since the 1980s, clientelism continues to be an important political practice throughout contemporary Latin America. By offering an analysis of the changing patterns of patron–client exchanges in Mexico City, this article demonstrates how the repercussions of the local democratization process expanded clientelist practices to the realm of public security provision. This expansion, it is argued, is related to efforts of the local government to regain previous levels of political control over the local police forces that had been undermined by the fragmentation of long-standing national patron–client structures under authoritarian rule. Additionally, it is demonstrated that in an increasingly insecure urban environment, local politicians and brokers realized the political gains to be derived from expanding clientelist exchanges to the realm of security provision.
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Bedford, Sofie, i Laurent Vinatier. "Resisting the Irresistible: ‘Failed Opposition’ in Azerbaijan and Belarus Revisited". Government and Opposition 54, nr 4 (13.02.2018): 686–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2017.33.
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In recent literature on post-Soviet electoral revolutions in places where attempts at regime change through popular protest did not succeed, opposition groups are often simply regarded as ‘failed’. And yet, opposition actors exist and participate in the political life of their country. Building on the Belarusian and Azerbaijani cases, we argue that opposition actors are maintained in a ‘ghetto’, often virtual, tightly managed by the ruling authorities who exert monopolistic control over civic activities. Opposition actors adapt to the restricted conditions – accepting a certain level of dependency. They thus develop various tactics to engage with the outside, striving to reduce the ghetto walls. To this end this article proposes a typology of what we call oppositional ‘resistance models’: electoral, in the media, lobbying and through education. The models highlight what makes ‘opposition’ in authoritarian states and are a step towards a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon in this context.
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Coticchia, Fabrizio, i Valerio Vignoli. "Italian Political Parties and Military Operations: An Empirical Analysis on Voting Patterns". Government and Opposition 55, nr 3 (5.11.2018): 456–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2018.35.
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AbstractSince the end of the bipolar era, the military activism of several Western powers has raised questions about parliamentary control, fostering growing research and analyses on the features, drivers and consequences of the different kinds of oversight exercised by legislative assemblies. Within this scholarly debate, this article focuses on the under-studied case of Italy. How did Italian parties vote on military operations abroad in the post-Cold War era? In order to answer this question, the article presents the first detailed and comprehensive set of data on parliamentary votes over the deployment of the Italian armed forces in the post-Cold War era (i.e. from the beginning of the 1990s to the recent operation against ISIL). Thanks to this extensive new empirical material, the article assesses selected arguments developed by the literature on political parties and foreign policy, paving the way for further research.
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Crowley, Kate, i Sharon Moore. "Stepping Stone, Halfway House or Road to Nowhere? Green Support of Minority Government in Sweden, New Zealand and Australia". Government and Opposition 55, nr 4 (7.02.2019): 669–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2018.55.
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AbstractWhilst much has been written about the opportunities and perils of Green participation in national coalition governments, analysis of Greens supporting minority governments is less common and has not focused on comparative-historical trends as this article does. We look beyond single case studies of Green-supported minority governments in order to establish historical party trajectories and policy impact over time in three countries with different political systems. The extent of the comparative work here has never previously been undertaken and establishes that repeat instances of such support can provide the basis for more stable and effective future interparty governing relationships. However, we argue that, whilst trust can build between parties to minority government arrangements over decades, it is not assured, and, whilst Green parties may achieve ministerial control after repeat instances of supporting minority governments, the benefits of doing so are not guaranteed.
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Wong, Mathew Y. H. "Selectorate Theory in Hybrid Regimes: Comparing Hong Kong and Singapore". Government and Opposition 53, nr 4 (6.04.2017): 707–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2017.10.
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This article investigates public and private goods provision in two hybrid regimes: Hong Kong and Singapore. We build on the selectorate theory, which analyses all regimes in terms of the size of their leaders’ support coalitions. This research follows a differences-in-differences design, with the exogenous political change in Hong Kong in 1997 as a treatment and Singapore as a control case. This study contributes to the literature in two ways. First, as the aim of the selectorate theory is to transcend traditional regime typologies, a focus on hybrid regimes provides another test of the theory beyond the democratic–authoritarian divide. Second, the distinctive comparative set-up allows us to disentangle the effects of the size of the winning coalition from those of supporter loyalty. The empirical results demonstrate that whilst public goods increase with the winning coalition size, private goods provision is not affected unless accompanied by a change in supporter loyalty.
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Oppermann, Kai, i Klaus Brummer. "Who Gets What in Foreign Affairs? Explaining the Allocation of Foreign Ministries in Coalition Governments". Government and Opposition 55, nr 2 (31.07.2018): 241–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2018.19.
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AbstractIn coalition governments, political parties are concerned not only with how many but also with which departments they control. The foreign ministry is among the most highly considered prizes in coalition negotiations. This article develops hypotheses to explain under which conditions the foreign ministry is likely to be allocated to a ‘junior coalition partner’. The factors that are hypothesized to affect the allocation are: the relative size of coalition parties; the proximity of their foreign policy positions; the party family of the junior coalition party; the salience of foreign policy to the coalition parties; and past allocations of the foreign ministry to junior coalition partners. Employing a crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis, the article demonstrates that although the conjunction of the junior partner being relatively large and it having led the foreign ministry in the past is not sufficient by itself, those two factors are very influential in the junior partner being allocated the foreign ministry.
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Rahmatiah, Andi. "Analisys of The Effectiveness of The Utilization of Electronic Government On State-Owned Enterprises". PINISI Discretion Review 4, nr 2 (30.03.2021): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/pdr.v4i2.19946.
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The use of electronic government (e-gov) of face and finger access control has been implemented at PT. PLN Tello Sector Makassar City and is expected to be able to streamline employee performance. The purpose of this study, is to analyze the effectiveness of the use of face and finger access control at PT. PLN Tello Sector Makassar City. This research method uses quantitative research types with quantitative descriptive research types. Data collection techniques using questionnaires in the form of a checklist and using descriptive analysis techniques. The results showed that the effectiveness of the use of face and finger access control at PT. PLN Tello Sector Makassar City is in quite good category, based on the analysis of target achievement indicators, adaptability, job satisfaction, and responsibility.
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Cross, William. "Understanding Power-Sharing within Political Parties: Stratarchy as Mutual Interdependence between the Party in the Centre and the Party on the Ground". Government and Opposition 53, nr 2 (7.07.2016): 205–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2016.22.
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Recent literature has renewed interest in the stratarchical model of intraparty decision-making. In this version of party organization, the functions performed by parties are distributed among their discrete levels. The result is a power-sharing arrangement in which no group has control over all aspects of party life. Thus, the model potentially provides an antidote to the hierarchical version of organization. This article examines the principal parties in Australia, Canada, Ireland and New Zealand to test whether there is empirical evidence of stratarchy. An examination of candidate nomination, leadership selection and policy development finds strong evidence of shared authority between both levels of the party in key areas of intraparty democracy. Both levels accept that they cannot achieve their goals without the support of the other and so a fine balancing act ensues, resulting in constant recalibration of power relations. There is, however, little evidence of the commonly presented model of stratarchy as mutual autonomy for each level within discrete areas of competency. Instead, both the party on the ground and in the centre share authority within all three areas, resulting in a pattern of mutual interdependence rather than mutual autonomy.
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Özçelik, Burcu. "Explaining the Kurdish Democratic Union Party's Self-Governance Practices in Northern Syria, 2012–18". Government and Opposition 55, nr 4 (2.10.2019): 690–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2019.1.
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AbstractOn 17 March 2016 the Kurdish Democratic Union Party (Partîya Yekîtî ya Dêmokrat, PYD) unilaterally proclaimed the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria in three cantons, Afrin and Kobane in northern Aleppo province, and Jazira in Hassakeh. The party's ideology claims to endorse the participation of civilians and certain Arab tribes and minorities in its governance councils. However, the PYD and its armed militia, the People's Protection Units (Yekîneyên Parastina Gel, YPG), have been accused of committing human rights violations against civilians and installing one-party rule. Given its stated normative commitments and ideas on democracy, this ideology–practice gap begs the question: what factors facilitated the PYD to conform to its democratic pronouncements on power-sharing and inclusivity under certain conditions and, conversely, what factors permitted their abandonment or violation? By analysing the PYD's governance record and strategies in northern Syria between 2012 and 2018, this article argues that the PYD displayed a mix of democratic adherence and transgression in its governance practices. This has meant that the PYD engaged hybrid mechanisms of democracy-building, coercion, displacement and violence in order to consolidate territorial control and assert ideological hegemony. I argue that complex networks of local, state and third-party interests complicate Kurdish self-rule in Syria, requiring a multilevel approach to understand the interrelated challenges to democratization in the post-war transition. I identify four major types of relations that have influenced the PYD's hybrid governance practices: intra-organizational factionalism; civilian–rebel relations, especially in mixed demographic areas; international sponsors and rivals; and rebel–regime relations.
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Ayub, Zeeshan, Ahmed Hasan Ashfaq, Amir Ali Khan i Kamran Ashfaq Ahmed Butt. "Vestibular Rehabilitation with Intratympanic Drug Therapy in Meniere's Disease". Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 72, nr 4 (6.10.2022): 1444–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v72i4.8696.
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Objective: To evaluate vertigo control and auditory rescue in patients with Meniere's disease treated with intratympanic Gentamicin and Dexamethasone.
Study Design: Randomized Control Trial (Clinical Trials. gov Identifier: NCT05355610).Place and Duration of Study: ENT Departments CMH Quetta and Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi Pakistan from Apr 2020 to Mar 2022.
Methodology: Ninety-three cases of unilateral Meniere's disease meeting the inclusion criteria were treated with intratym-panic Gentamicin and Dexamethasone. Pre and post-treatment vertigo was assessed on Vestibular Deficit Index. Speech discrimination scores for auditory impact were also recorded pre and post-treatment.
Results: In the Ninety-three treated cases, there was a statistically significant improvement in the Vestibular Deficit Index (with a p-value of 0.001). Although all patients had a reduced speech discrimination score, it was not statistically significant (p value=0.08).
Conclusion: Control of vestibular symptoms can be achieved with intratympanic Gentamicin, and at the same time, the auditory system can be rescued with Dexamethasone.
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GRACA, Witold. "PROTECTION OF CYBERSPACE IN POLAND AND THE CZECH REPUBLIC – THE ROLE OF SECRET SERVICES". Modern Management Review 27, nr 1 (31.03.2022): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7862/rz.2022.mmr.02.
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Secret services are the key elements in the field of cyber security in Poland. Two of the national CSIRTs (Computer Security Incident Response Teams), i.e. CSIRT GOV and CSIRT MON are run by the following services: the Internal Security Agency and Military Counterintelligence Service. In the Czech Republic, CSIRTs/CERTs at the national level are operated by civilian entities and coordination in the event of a threat is the responsibility of the civilian National Cyber and Information Security Agency (NUKIB). The Polish Act on the National Cyber Security System does not provide for parliamentary control of the activities of national CSIRTs. In the Czech Republic, a special standing committee was established to control the activities of NUKIB. Fundamental differences in the structure of the cyberspace protection system in Poland and the Czech Republic may result from the adoption of different priorities in terms of values by political actors.
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Dewi, Dian Nirmala, Artie Arditha Rachman i Endang Asliana. "Kinerja Keuangan Bank Syariah sebagai Implikasi atas Konsentrasi Kepemilikan". Jurnal Ilmiah ESAI 15, nr 2 (25.07.2021): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.25181/esai.v15i2.2404.
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This study aims to examine the effect of ownership concentration and type of share ownership on the financial performance of Islamic banks in Indonesia. The sample used is Islamic commercial banks recorded in Indonesian Islamic Banking Statistics, with a study period of five years, from 2014 to 2018. Regression testing involves financial performance (ROA, ROE, and NPL) as the dependent variable; ownership concentration (K) and ownership type (INST, GOV, FAM and FOR) as independent variables; and some control variables, such as CAR, size, leverage, and company age. Data collected shows that all of Islamic Banks in Indonesia have concentrated ownership, therefore that factor should be omitted from independent variables. Based on hypothesis testing, we find that financial performance of Islamic Banks in Indonesia are not influenced by it’s ownership type.
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Seniyu, Tomonobu, Naoki Gibo i Katsumi Uezato. "Cooperative Fuzzy Control of AVR and Gov Based on Sliding Mode for Improving Transient Stability of Power Systems". IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 114, nr 3 (1994): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes1990.114.3_242.
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Senjyu, Tomonobu, Naoki Gibo i Katsumi Uezato. "Cooperative Fuzzy Control of AVR and GOV Based on Sliding Mode to Improve Transient Stability of Power Systems". Electrical Engineering in Japan 115, nr 2 (10.09.2007): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eej.4391150208.
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Agyeman, Fredrick Oteng, Ma Zhiqiang, Mingxing Li, Agyemang Kwasi Sampene, Malcom Frimpong Dapaah, Emmanuel Adu Gyamfi Kedjanyi, Paul Buabeng, Yiyao Li, Saifullah Hakro i Mohammad Heydari. "Probing the Effect of Governance of Tourism Development, Economic Growth, and Foreign Direct Investment on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Africa: The African Experience". Energies 15, nr 13 (21.06.2022): 4530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134530.
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The environmental repercussions of extensive carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions on the environment are crucial for policymakers and scholars. The repercussions of and connection between economic growth (ECG), tourism (TOUR), and foreign direct investment (FDI) on CO2 emission mitigation have been measured and argued from empirical and theoretical perspectives by scholars. Notwithstanding, the extant body of knowledge has failed to incorporate and investigate the function of governance in decarbonizing tourism activities and FDI from CO2 emissions to attain a healthy and quality environment in Africa. Hence, this current research investigates governance’s role in the reduction processes of CO2 emissions grounded in environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) conceptual assumptions for panel data spanning 2000 through 2020 for 27 African countries. This research utilized the Westerlund panel cointegration approach for the investigation of the cointegration of the selected variables. This study applied the Driscoll–Kraay regression approach for the long-term estimation. In addition, the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and the pooled mean group (PMG) were used for robustness checks. The findings of this research indicated that the governance (GOV) indicators employed have a statistically significant effect on the CO2 emission reduction. Besides, this study found that the appreciation of the income of the nations gives credence to the formation of the EKC theory and contributes to the decline in CO2 emissions within the selected African nations. The findings revealed that tourism, FDI, ECG, and GOV are positive and significant factors leading to increased CO2 emissions in Africa. Furthermore, the results showed that effective governance and control of FDI inflows and tourism activities can support decarbonization. These findings suggest the merits of governance in ensuring effective decarbonization policies of the environment, and policy suggestions are accordingly put forward.
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Susilowati Mardjono, Enny, i Emrinaldi Nur DP. "An investigation of the effect of accounting controls, budget goal clarity, mental model implementation on accountability of government performance". Journal of Economics, Business and Accountancy Ventura 18, nr 3 (31.03.2016): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.14414/jebav.v18i3.503.
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The research examines the effect of budget goal clarity and accounting control on depen-dent variable with Mental Model as mediating variable on accountability of city gov-ernment performance. This research used sample consisting of 66 employees in The Finance Division of City Government Semarang that were managing income and ex-penditure of state budget (APBD), selected by means of judgment sampling. The hypo-thesis testing was done by using Warp Partial Least Square 3.0. The partial result of the research indicated, the budget goal clarity, accounting control are factor that affect posi-tively on Accountability of City Government Performance. Simultaneously, it indicated Mental model didnt mediate the relationship between budget goal clarity and account-ing control toward accountability of city government performance. Yet, budget goal clarity and accounting control as partial impact to Mental Model. The positive result in budget goal clarity gives the impact for city of government to apply budget stated clearly and specifically. Accounting Control system should be used to facilitate the planning and supervision of the organization. Mental model of the operational officers do not reflect operational processes in various environments. This is due to the fact that most of the budget has been set with the existing systems that is standardized by LAKIP, so it can-not be flexible adjustment in various environments.
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Ayub, Zeeshan, Azeema Ahmed, Farah Afzal, Majid Latif, Muhammad Sheraz Afzal Malik i Naveed Ahmed. "Effectiveness of Intratympanic Dexamethasone with Lidocaine for Alleviation of Tinnitus". Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 72, nr 2 (30.04.2022): 444–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v72i2.6471.
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Objective: To determine the effectiveness of Intratympanic Dexamethasone with Lidocaine in control of idiopathic tinnitus.
Study Design: Randomized control trial (Clinical Trials. gov Identifier: NCT04798391).
Place and Duration of Study: ENT Department, PAF Hospital, Sargodha Pakistan, from Apr 2017 to Jul 2019.
Methodology: 264 consenting patients with idiopathic unilateral tinnitus presenting at ENT Department PAF Hospital Sargodha were assessed for tinnitus severity using the modified tinnitus handicap inventory. The scores were recorded and subsequently administered intra-tympanicaly 2.0ml (milli-liter) of Dexamethasone and Lidocaine (1.5 ml Dexamethasone ± 0.5 ml 1% Lidocaine). The dose was repeated twice at weekly intervals. All the patients were reassessed on the modified tinnitus handicap inventory two weeks after the third Intra-tympanic administration, with patients divided into responsive and noresponsive groups depending on ten points or more improvement in tinnitus score.
Results: Mean modified tinnitus handicap inventory score pre-therapy was 29.6 ± 5.68, and post-therapy was 17.1 ± 7.45. Independent-sample T-test applied showed a p-value of <0.001.
Conclusion: Intratympanic Dexamethasone with lidocaine has a definitively positive outcome on tinnitus improvement.
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Jawadi, Fathul, H. Prayitno Basuki i Lukman Effendy. "The effect of budget goal clarity, organizational commitment, accounting control, and adherence to laws on the perception of government performance of Central Lombok Regency". Indonesian Accounting Review 6, nr 1 (6.02.2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14414/tiar.v6i1.850.
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This research was conducted to examine the effect of budget goal clarity, organization-al commitment, accounting control and adherence to laws on the perceptions of gov-ernment performance. The respondents consists of the structural positions in a region-al government such as the chair person of a body, an agency, a division, a subdivision, and the team of government performance report of Central Lombok Regency. It used a purposive sampling method to get the respondents. They were asked to respond a set of questions in a questionnaire. Of the 90 questionnaires distributed, only 78 question-naires were valid for analysis. The data were analyzed using multi-linear regression method with SPSS 18.0. The results show that budget goal clarity and organizational commitment have an effect on the perception of government performance. The ac-counting control and adherence to laws have no effect on the perceptions of govern-ment performance. It implies that is important to have observation of planning and budget execution as well as the local government commitment to make the financial transaction control and adherence of laws run effectively. The local government shall obey the existing laws in order to integrate the strategic plan system, governance accounting system, budgeting system and exchequer system into an integrated system by improving human resource and information technology.
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Svärdsten, Fredrik. "In the absence of detailed steering". Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration 19, nr 2 (15.06.2015): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.58235/sjpa.v19i2.15619.
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One of the main unintended consequences of NPM-reforms is increased detailed -steering and recentralization due to attempts to decentralize the public sector, which, in turn, leads to restrictive hierarchical accountability relationships. This paper reports an attempt by the Swedish government to solve these problems by decentralizing the Swedish central agencies’ performance reporting and thereby broadening the possibilities of accountability in the Swedish central government. Whereas several studies have presented cases in which the “superior” (e.g., the government) is the main driver behind detailed perfor- mance control and recentralization, the findings in this paper show that centralized de- tailed control can be highly desirable for those accountable for their performance. In line with findings made in previous studies, the decentralization in the Swedish central gov- ernment is now followed by a recentralization. However, this recentralization is mainly driven by the central agencies and not by the government. The paper suggests that to understand the dynamics between decentralization and recentralization in the area of public performance reporting, it is necessary to consider institutionalized reporting structures as well as the difficulties associated with defining performance. This allows for further insights into the possibilities of broadened accountability in the public sector.
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성봉근. "A Study on the Control of Risks in the Guarantee State - Risks in view of the Guarantee State through E-Gov. -". Journal of Law and Politics research 15, nr 3 (wrzesień 2015): 1027–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17926/kaolp.2015.15.3.1027.
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Lindblom, Hanna, Markus Waldén, Siw Carlfjord i Martin Hägglund. "Limited positive effects on jump-landing technique in girls but not in boys after 8 weeks of injury prevention exercise training in youth football". Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 28, nr 2 (20.09.2019): 528–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-019-05721-x.
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Abstract Purpose To evaluate changes in jump-landing technique in football-playing boys and girls after 8 weeks of injury prevention training. Methods Four boys’ and four girls’ teams (mean age 14.1 ± 0.8 years) were instructed to use either the original Knee Control injury prevention exercise programme (IPEP) or a further developed IPEP, Knee Control + , at every training session for 8 weeks. Baseline and follow-up testing of jump-landing technique included drop vertical jumps (DVJ), assessed subjectively and with two-dimensional movement analysis, and tuck jump assessment (TJA). Results Only minor differences in intervention effects were seen between the two IPEPs, and results are therefore presented for both intervention groups combined. At baseline 30% of the boys showed good knee control during the DVJ, normalised knee separation distances of 77–96% (versus hip) and a median of 3 flaws during the TJA. Among girls, 22% showed good knee control, normalised knee separation distances of 67–86% and a median of 4 flaws during the TJA. At follow-up, boys and girls performed significantly more jumps during TJA. No changes in jump-landing technique were seen in boys, whereas girls improved their knee flexion angle at initial contact in the DVJ (mean change + 4.7°, p < 0.001, 95% CI 2.36–6.99, d = 0.7) and their TJA total score (− 1 point, p = 0.045, r = − 0.4). Conclusion The study showed small positive effects on jump-landing technique in girls, but not in boys, after 8 weeks of injury prevention training. Level of evidence Level II. Trial registration Clinical Trials gov identifier: NCT03251404
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Senjyu, Tomonobu, Naoki Gibo i Katsumi Uezato. "Cooperative Control of AVR and GOV Taking the Uncertainty of a State Variable into Consideration to Improve Transient Stability of Power Systems". IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 114, nr 5 (1994): 469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes1990.114.5_469.
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Rivero-Arias, Oliver, Oya Eddama, Denis Azzopardi, A. David Edwards, Brenda Strohm i Helen Campbell. "Hypothermia for perinatal asphyxia: trial-based resource use and costs at 6–7 years". Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 104, nr 3 (11.07.2018): F285—F292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-314685.
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ObjectiveTo assess the impact of hypothermic neural rescue for perinatal asphyxia at birth on healthcare costs of survivors aged 6–7 years, and to quantify the relationship between costs and overall disability levels.Design6–7 years follow-up of surviving children from the Total Body Hypothermia for Neonatal Encephalopathy (TOBY) trial.SettingCommunity study including a single parental questionnaire to collect information on children’s healthcare resource use.Patients130 UK children (63 in the control group, 67 in the hypothermia group) whose parents consented and returned the questionnaire.InterventionsIntensive care with cooling of the body to 33.5°C for 72 hours or intensive care alone.Main outcome measuresHealthcare resource usage and costs over the preceding 6 months.ResultsAt 6–7 years, mean (SE) healthcare costs per child were £1543 (£361) in the hypothermia group and £2549 (£812) in the control group, giving a saving of −£1005 (95% CI −£2734 to £724). Greater levels of overall disability were associated with progressively higher costs, and more parents in the hypothermia group were employed (64% vs 47%). Results were sensitive to outlying observations.ConclusionsCost results although not significant favoured moderate hypothermia and so complement the clinical results of the TOBY Children study. Estimates were however sensitive to the care requirements of two seriously ill children in the control group. A quantification of the relationship between costs and levels of disability experienced will be useful to healthcare professionals, policy makers and health economists contemplating the long-term economic consequences of perinatal asphyxia and hypothermic neural rescue.Trial registration numberThis study reports on the follow-up of the TOBY clinical trial: ClinicalTrials. gov number NCT01092637.
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Ruiz-Zaldibar, Cayetana, Beatriz Gal-Iglesias, Clara Azpeleta-Noriega, Montserrat Ruiz-López i David Pérez-Manchón. "The Effect of a Sleep Intervention on Sleep Quality in Nursing Students: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 21 (25.10.2022): 13886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113886.
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We develop a protocol for assessing the impact of an intervention aimed at improving sleep quality among university nursing students. The study is designed as a pilot randomized controlled trial to be applied during the 2022-23 academic year and is registered at Clinical Trials Gov website (NCT05273086). A total of 60 nursing students will be recruited from a Spanish university. They will be divided into two groups: (30) intervention group and (30) control group. The intervention group will attend two cognitive–behavioural therapy sleep programme sessions focused on knowledge of anatomical structures involved in sleep, chronotype, synchronization, and good sleeping habits. Subjective and objective sleep quality will be assessed before and after the intervention for both groups. In addition to sleep quality, socio-demographic parameters, physical activity, lifestyle habits, and anthropometric measures will be considered prior to intervention. Finally, a satisfaction questionnaire will be applied for posterior analysis. This study is an innovative, relevant intervention that aims to improve sleep quality among university nursing students. Both the approach and the use of objective and subjective validated outcome measurements are key features of this study.
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De Matteis, Fabio, Alessandra Tafuro, Fabrizio Striani i Daniela Preite. "Totally Publicly-Owned (TPO) Utilities and Financial Performance: What is the role of some aspects of governance?" MANAGEMENT CONTROL, nr 3 (styczeń 2024): 89–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/maco2023-003005.
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Public services impact on the citizens' lives, especially in the case they are deliv-ered by totally publicly-owned (TPO) utilities, that are funded by public money. This highlights the relevance of performance management in totally publicly-owned utilities from which derives the research aim that is to investigate elements that can influence their financial performance, with a specific attention on gov-ernance. We focus on a sample of all the utilities (116) wholly owned by the Ital-ian capitals of the provinces for the years 2008-2017 (n. 1,350 observations). Ap-plying the Generalized Least Square (GLS) method, the analysis results allow us to conclude that: the female presence and political orientation of the Board of Direc-tor do not impact on the totally publicly-owned utilities' performance, while size variables differently impact. Political implications (potential disconnection be-tween ownership strategies and Board of Director choices; possibility of a joint management of public services by more municipalities expanding corporate governance) and managerial implications (recruitment strategy, management control system supporting corporate governance) are highlighted. The limit of the work is also identified in the conclusion.
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Wahyuningrum, Tenia, Condro Kartiko, Ariq Cahya Wardhana i Teotino Gomes Soares. "Revised web impact factor analysis of Timor Leste University website during COVID-19 pandemic". Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, nr 3 (1.06.2021): 1678–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i3.3034.
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The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires the Timor Leste government to make a school from home policy. This policy has encouraged several universities to improve the quality of their distance learning services. However, it seems that the government has not gone deep enough to conduct a preliminary study on each university website's readiness to face this. Based on previous research, the university website impact factor is one of the criteria for increasing webometrics rankings. Still, it is not explained in detail the types of referring pages and domains that can affect webometrics rankings. This research investigates the extent to which R-WIF affects webometrics and examines the factors that can improve the university website's quality. We surveyed the revised web impact factor (R-WIF) at seven universities in Timor Leste to determine their academic sites' relative standing. The results show, although some universities have increased the number of backlinks, the webometrics university ranking prefers backlinks that come from high-authorization sites such as .edu and .gov. The correlation value indicates this phenomenon between R-WIF and Webometrics of 0.464, which means moderate. Universities in Timor Leste need to implement several strategies to improve Webometrics rankings, especially visibility.
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Nagendra, Lakshmi, Deep Dutta, Meha Sharma i Harish Bg. "Impact of Enhanced External Counter-pulsation Therapy on Glycaemic Control in People With Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology 19, nr 2 (2023): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/ee.2023.19.2.8.
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Background: Enhanced external counter-pulsation (EECP) therapy is approved for refractory angina in coronary artery disease (CAD). EECP is being explored as a treatment modality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: The Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (PubMed), ClinicaltTrials. gov, CNKI database, Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI), and Google Scholar databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving patients receiving EECP therapy in the intervention arm. The primary outcome was the changes in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). The secondary outcomes were the changes in blood glucose parameters, inflammatory markers and any adverse events. Results: Data from 3 RCTs involving 71 people with T2DM/prediabetes was analysed to find out the impact of EECP therapy compared with placebo. As compared with placebo, patients receiving EECP had significantly lower HbA1C immediately after completion of therapy (mean difference [MD] -0.70%, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.95. -0.45;p<0.00001), at 2–4 weeks post completion of therapy (MD -1.04%, 95%CI -1.32. -0.77; p<0.00001) and 7–12 weeks after therapy completion (MD -0.98%, 95% CI -1.22, -0.74; p<0.00001). EECP therapy was well tolerated without any increased side effects (risk ratio 2.36, 95% CI 0.11–52.41; p=0.59. Conclusion: EECP therapy is effective in blood glucose and pressure lowering over at least 7–12 weeks of therapy completion. Blood glucose and pressure should be monitored with suitable modulation of drug doses to prevent hypoglycaemia and hypotension in patients with angina undergoing EECP therapy. The PROSPERO registration number is CRD42023434533
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Bea, Jennifer W., Robert M. Blew, Carol Howe, Megan Hetherington-Rauth i Scott B. Going. "Resistance Training Effects on Metabolic Function Among Youth: A Systematic Review". Pediatric Exercise Science 29, nr 3 (sierpień 2017): 297–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.2016-0143.
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Purpose:This systematic review evaluates the relationship between resistance training and metabolic function in youth.Methods:PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials. gov were searched for articles that (1): studied children (2); included resistance training (3); were randomized interventions; and (4) reported markers of metabolic function. The selected studies were analyzed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool.Results:Thirteen articles met inclusion criteria. Mean age ranged from 12.2 to 16.9 years, but most were limited to high school (n = 11) and overweight/obese (n = 12). Sample sizes (n = 22–304), session duration (40–60min), and intervention length (8–52 wks) varied. Exercise frequency was typically 2–3 d/wk. Resistance training was metabolically beneficial compared with control or resistance plus aerobic training in 5 studies overall and 3 out of the 4 studies with the fewest threats to bias (p ≤ .05); each was accompanied by beneficial changes in body composition, but only one study adjusted for change in body composition.Conclusions:Limited evidence suggests that resistance training may positively affect metabolic parameters in youth. Well-controlled resistance training interventions of varying doses are needed to definitively determine whether resistance training can mitigate metabolic dysfunction in youth and whether training benefits on metabolic parameters are independent of body composition changes.
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Novalina, Ade, Ramli Ramli, Murni Daulay i Dede Ruslan. "ECONOMIC RECESSION IN 7EM COUNTRIES: EVIDENCE OF 3P CAPABILITY AND IMPACT OF COVID-19". International Journal of Economic, Technology and Social Sciences (Injects) 2, nr 1 (3.11.2021): 351–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.53695/injects.v2i1.501.
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This study aims to analyze the ability of three government policies and the strong impact of COVID-19 on the economic recession in seven emerging market countries (China, India, Indonesia, Russia, Brazil, Turkey, and Egypt). T-test and independent-sample t-test. This study resulted in the findings of the ARDL Panel model, proving that the leading indicators of state-based financial system stability are China, India, and Brazil. In contrast, the order of the top policy indicators of policy/variable financial system stability is fiscal policy (GOV), monetary policy (I.R.), and policy macroprudential (NPL). The leading indicators of state-based economic stability are Indonesia and Russia. In contrast, the order of leading indicators of policy/variable-based economic stability is macroprudential policy (LDR), fiscal policy (Tax), and monetary policy (JUB). During the Covid-19 pandemic, the effectiveness of financial system stability, apart from China, all countries experienced economic instability. On economic stability, apart from China and Turkey, all countries experienced economic instability after the Covid-19 Pandemic. Recommendation: the policies needed to control financial system stability focus on macroprudential policies and fiscal policies. In contrast, the effectiveness of the procedures necessary to maintain economic stability is through macroprudential policies.
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Boontanondha, Patawee, Hataikarn Nimitphong, Suchawadee Musikarat, Aschara Ragkho i Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul. "Vitamin D and Calcium Supplement Attenuate Bone Loss among HIVInfected Patients Receiving Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine/ Efavirenz: An Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial". Current HIV Research 18, nr 1 (17.02.2020): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162x18666200106150806.
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Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART), especially with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), has been associated with accelerated bone turnover and leads to significant bone loss. Objective: We aimed to determine the effect of vitamin D2 and calcium on bone mineral density (BMD) in HIV-infected patients receiving TDF/emtricitabine (FTC)/efavirenz (EFV). Methods: A prospective, open-label, randomized controlled study was conducted. Eligible patients were ART naïve HIV individuals who initiated TDF/FTC/EFV. The study group received supplementation with vitamin D2 and calcium carbonate, whereas the control group was administered only ART. The primary outcome was the percentage change in total hip BMD at week 24 compared with baseline. Results: A total of 18 patients were randomized (9 in each group). The mean (standard deviation; SD) total hip BMD significantly decreased from baseline in both groups, from 0.96 (0.14) g/cm2 to 0.93 (0.13) g/cm2 in the study group (p = 0.006) and from 0.87 (0.11) g/cm2 to 0.84 (0.11) g/cm2 in the control group (p = 0.004). The mean (SD) lumbar spine BMD significantly decreased from baseline in both groups, from 1.00 (0.13) g/cm2 to 0.97 (0.13) g/cm2 (p = 0.004) in the study group and from 0.90 (0.09) g/cm3 to 0.86 (0.08) g/cm2 in the control group (p = 0.006). At week 24, the mean (SD) lumbar spine BMD was significantly greater in the study group than in the control group (p = 0.042). However, there were no significant differences in the percentage change of total hip, lumbar spine, and femoral neck BMD between both groups. No adverse events were reported. In conclusion, as early as 24 weeks after TDF initiation, a significant decline in BMD was detected. Conclusion: Vitamin D2 and calcium supplements should be considered for HIV-infected patients receiving TDF/FTC/EFV in a resource-limited setting where there are limited ART options (Clinicaltrials. gov NCT0287643).
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Benfaremo, Devis, Valentino Paci, Michele Maria Luchetti i Armando Gabrielli. "Novel Therapeutic Approaches and Treatment Targets for Psoriatic Arthritis". Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 22, nr 1 (31.12.2020): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201021666200928095521.
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Background: Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) is the most common extracutaneous manifestation of psoriasis. This chronic inflammatory arthritis is burdened with significant morbidity, leading to irreversible joint damage and disability. In recent years, a deeper understating of its pathogenesis has led to the development of several new drugs targeting different pathways. Objectives: This review aims to highlight the clinical efficacy and safety of the novel agents that have become recently available for the treatment of PsA, as well as new promising therapeutic targets that are being evaluated in clinical trials. Methods: For the purpose of this narrative review, we searched in the MEDLINE and ClinicalTrials. gov databases. Results: After the introduction of the first biological drugs targeting Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), several other drugs with different targets have been developed, including anti-Interleukin (IL) 12/23p40, anti-IL17, and, more recently, anti-IL23p19 agents. Conclusions: Data supporting the efficacy of different agents in the major domains of PsA, as well as their safety issues, are summarized here. Finally, the current pipeline, including several novel nonbiological small molecules, such as Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, that are currently being evaluated in clinical trials are also presented. Discussion: The availability of newer therapeutic agents has substantially changed the treatment strategy for PsA. In the future, a personalized treatment approach will probably achieve better control of disease manifestations.
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Youash, Sabrina, i Verinder Sharma. "Depression, Antidepressants and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Systematic Review". Current Drug Safety 14, nr 2 (22.05.2019): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574886314666190121144711.
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Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy including gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia are conditions that cause significant perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. </P><P> Objective: This is a systematic review of the current evidence examining the relationship between both depression and antidepressants on pregnancy-related hypertensive conditions. </P><P> Methods: In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, six databases were searched for articles published between January 1990 and December 2017 (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE and ClinicalTrials. gov). Randomized control trials, cohort studies and case-control studies were included in this review. Studies that measured the following exposures were included: Antidepressant exposure or diagnosis of depression. Studies that measured the following outcomes were included: Gestational hypertension, preeclampsia or eclampsia. A combination of keywords, as well as Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) index terms, was used for three general categories: antidepressants, depression and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. A total of 743 studies were identified and 711 were excluded based on relevance to the research question. Twenty studies were included in the final systematic review. </P><P> Results: Of the twenty relevant studies, ten specifically examined the relationship between depression and hypertension in pregnancy. Only two of these did not find a significant association. Of the ten studies that concentrated on antidepressant medications, all except one found an association with hypertension in pregnancy to varying degrees. </P><P> Conclusion: Review of the literature suggests a possible association between depression and antihypertensive medications with pregnancy-related hypertension, but further studies are needed.</P>
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Lizińska, Wiesława, Renata Marks-Bielska, Karolina Babuchowska i Magdalena Wojarska. "Factors contributing to the institutional efficiency of local governments in the administrative area". Equilibrium 12, nr 2 (30.06.2017): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.v12i2.18.
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Research background: The theory of endogenous regional development indicates in par-ticular the role of local authorities in creating the conditions for socio-economic development. Among the factors that shape institutional efficiency of local government, the ones referring to the administrative sphere should be especially analyzed.Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper was the assessment of the activities shaping institutional efficiency in the administrative area with respect to the activities pursued by local governments in Poland, and to assess the effects of such activities. The analysis includes activities aimed at streamlining service provision, implementation of a system of self-control of provided services, and measures related to the adjustment of the organizational structure of an office to the implemented tasks.Methods: For the purpose of performing the study a questionnaire was prepared and sent to local authorities in Poland. The research was conducted between 2015 and 2016 on a sample of 1,220 municipalities from 2,479. Identification of activities implemented by local gov-ernments was made on the basis of an analysis of the task implementation index. The evalu-ation of effects of tasks was made on the basis of the values of effect index of implemented tasks.Findings & Value added: Many local governments do not fully apply the available tools that streamline the provision of administrative services. The value of the task performance index had a low average level in Poland (0.42). Representatives of local authorities were convinced of the relatively high efficiency of undertaken activities. The value of the task implementation index in the area of self-control of the provided services remained at the level of 0.48. The average value of effects of activities amounted to 0.55. The average index of task implementation of activities adjusting the organizational structure to the implemented tasks and provided services amounted to 0.64 in Poland.
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Brahmbhatt, Nimisha, i Swati Mehta. "Study of Comparison of Dexmedetomidine Added to Levobupivacaine versus Alone Levobupivacaine in Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Blockade". Academia Anesthesiologica International 5, nr 2 (16.12.2020): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/aan.2020.5.2.9.
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Background: The aim is the current research is the comparison of Dexmedetomidine added to Levobupivacaine versus alone Levobupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus blockade. Subjects and Methods : The current research was performed in the Department of Aneshtesia, Gov- ernment Medical College and SSG Hospital, Vadodara, from October 2014tooctober to 2015. Subjects were separated into 2 groups: Group LD: receives Inj. Levobupivacaine 0.5 %(35ml)+inj.Dexmedetomidine (0.5 l)+Inj.NS(0.5ml)=total 36 ml. Group L: receives Inj.Levobupivacaine0.5
%( 35ml) + inj. Normal saline(1ml) = 36 ml. Pulse rate, Blood pressure, Respiratory rate and Oxygen saturation (SpO2), Ramsay sedation score
were monitored before giving the block, immediately after giving the block, each 5 minutes till fifteen minutes, every fifteen minutes thereafter for one hour and each thirty minutes afterward until the conclusion of surgery. Results: Total duration of sensory block was significantly extended in group LD as a contrast to group L. Total duration of motor block was significantly longer in group LD as a contrast to group L. Patients receiving Dexmedetomidine had long-lasting postoperative analgesia as compared to the control group. Thus, the total duration of analgesia was considerably extended in group LD patients as a contrast to group L patients and the dissimilarity was statistically highly significant. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine can be utilized as a secure and useful aid to local anesthetics in supraclavicular brachial plexus block to give outstanding perioperative analgesia with negligible consequences.
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Alshahrani, Abdullah. "Accuracy of 3D-Printed and Digitally Fabricated Polymeric Models for Dental Applications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 13, nr 11 (1.11.2023): 1061–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbt.2023.3311.
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Objective: To date, no systematic review has reported the accuracy of conventional gypsum casts compared to 3D printed and digital models. The aim of this review is to critically appraise the studies that have focused on comparing the accuracy and fit of casts produced with 3D printing. Methods: Electronic literature databases (PubMED, ISI Web of Knowledge, EMBASE, Scopus, ClinicalTrials. gov and CENTRAL) were searched by operators specializing in health sciences databases using relevant keywords. The focused question was, “For the treatment of missing teeth (Participants), do the 3D-printed or digital casts (Intervention) have superior accuracy (Outcomes), compared to conventional gypsum casts (Control)? Meta-analysis was conducted and Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2.0 and QUIN tools. Results: 1770 items were selected, after removal of 1520 articles, abstracts and titles of 250 items were read for potential eligibility. Fourteen studies were included in this review. 3-D printed casts resulted in production of prostheses with similar accuracy to gypsum-based products. The accuracy of completely digitally processed casts was debatable. Sources of bias were found in the risk of bias assessment. Conclusions: It is concluded that the accuracy of 3D-printed casts are comparable to those of conventional gypsum cast. In addition to cast accuracy, low technique sensitivity, operator independence and cost and time efficiency makes 3D printed casts an effective alternative for conventional and digital cast in dental laboratory procedures.
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Ivanenko, Igor N., Viktor V. Shalin i Yulian G. Tambiyants. "Historiosophical Aspects of Domestic Democracy: Early and Developed State: Article 2". Общество: философия, история, культура, nr 2 (21.02.2024): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/fik.2024.2.3.
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The article presents the second part of the work on the historiosophical vision of Russian democracy. Based on the concept of stages of state genesis by L. Grinin, the authors analyze domestic manifestations of democracy at the stages of an early and developed state. Despite the fact that in the conditions of the early state the high-est authority had very superficial control over social processes, already in the Kievan period there was a clear tendency for the leading political subjectivity to transition to princely power. In subjective terms, the popular consciousness preferred the figure of a charismatic and militarily successful prince. Expressions of the peo-ple’s will often had an ochlocratic meaning, taking the form of a mass emotional outburst with ambiguous final results. At the stage of a developed state, internal political centralization adjusted the tasks of the highest au-thorities, giving them a mobilization meaning. At the same time, the general trend is that expanding state struc-tures are conducting a successful attack on the autonomy of stable institutions of democracy, at first widely us-ing tactics of maneuvering and compromise, and then preferring harsh suppression. At the same time, a num-ber of phenomena of democracy turned out to be a reaction either to the complete vacuum of the central gov-ernment (the Time of Troubles), or, conversely, to the growing pressure of the latter. At the same time, grass-roots expression of will could occur spontaneously, acquiring an ochlocratic meaning (urban riots); and acquire more organized forms of socio-political movements.
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Basili, Paolo, Ilaria Farina, Irene Terrenato, Jacopo Centini, Nina Volpe, Vanessa Rizzo, Laura Agoglia i in. "Remote Assisted Home Dressing vs. Outpatient Medication of Central Venous Catheter (Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheter): Clinical Trial A.R.C.O. (Remote Assistance Oncology Caregiver)". Nursing Reports 14, nr 2 (11.06.2024): 1468–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14020110.
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Background: Management of PICC dressing can be performed at home by the patient through adequate training and telenursing. This trial verifies that the incidence of catheter-related complications in home patients, assisted by telenursing, is not greater than that observed in outpatients. Methods: This clinical trial is composed of 72 patients with malignant tumors who underwent long-term chemotherapy with PICC insertion. They were randomly divided into an experimental group (33 cases) and a calibration group (39 cases). The control group received outpatient dressing for the PICC at the hospital, while the experimental group received a telenursing intervention about the management of the PICC. The incidence of catheter-related infections, the ability of self-management, and a rough cost/benefit estimation were compared between the two groups. This trial was performed according to the CONSORT 2010 checklist. Results: The two groups do not significantly differ in relation to age, sex, and PICCs in terms of the body side insertion, the type of dressing, and the agents used for cleaning. The analysis of the results showed that in the home-managed group, the clinical events reported during the connection were higher when compared with the outpatient group (p < 0.001). The patients in the homecare group developed frequent complications resulting from skin redness (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The use of telenursing for patient education in cancer centers can reduce nurses’ working time, improving the self-management capacity of patients with a long-term PICC. This trial was retrospectively registered with the Clinical Trial Gov on the 18 May 2023 with registration number NCT05880420.
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Elena A., Anishchenko. "Organization of public catering at events on the occasion of the celebration of the coming of age of heir Nikolai Alexandrovich on May 6, 1884 in the Nalchik district". Kavkazologiya 2024, nr 1 (30.03.2024): 52–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31143/2542-212x-2024-1-52-70.
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The article examines the features of the activities of the authorities and self-government institu-tions in organizing catering at the celebrations on May 6, 1884, the coming of age of the heir to the Russian throne, Nikolai Alexandrovich, in the villages of the Nalchik district of the Terek re-gion. The article analyzes the office documentation of the Nalchik district administration: orders, reports, invoices, information, and statements. On its basis, the issues of interaction between gov-ernment structures at the regional, district and precinct levels and local governments on the organ-ization of celebrations and public catering at the expense of public funds were studied. The main directions of document flow of government and self-government institutions within their compe-tence in organizing catering at public events are analyzed. A conclusion is drawn about the pro-cess of organizing and budgeting ceremonial events to celebrate the coming of age of the Heir to the Throne in the villages of the Nalchik District. A review of event and financial reporting on celebrations was conducted. Treasurers and village gatherings play an important role in handling public monies for festive activities. At the same time, the role of village authorities was high-lighted, whose responsibilities included resolving organizational concerns related to the celebra-tion. The conclusion is made about the full control of local government institutions and govern-ment structures over the issues of spending funds from village public funds offices for organizing mass events and public catering, as well as about changes in local gastronomic practices in the process of integrating the indigenous population of the region into the socio-economic space of the Russian Empire.
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Nelson, Matthew J., Aditya Murthy i Jeffrey D. Schall. "Neural control of visual search by frontal eye field: chronometry of neural events and race model processes". Journal of Neurophysiology 115, nr 4 (1.04.2016): 1954–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01023.2014.
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We investigated the chronometry of neural processes in frontal eye fields of macaques performing double-step saccade visual search in which a conspicuous target changes location in the array on a random fraction of trials. Durations of computational processes producing a saccade to original and final target locations (GO1 and GO2, respectively) are derived from response times (RT) on different types of trials. In these data, GO2 tended to be faster than GO1, demonstrating that inhibition of the initial saccade did not delay production of the compensated saccade. Here, we measured the dynamics of visual, visuomovement, and movement neuron activity in relation to these processes by examining trials when neurons instantiated either process. First, we verified that saccades were initiated when the discharge rate of movement neurons reached a threshold that was invariant across RT and trial type. Second, the time when visual and visuomovement neurons selected the target and when movement neuron activity began to accumulate were not significantly different across trial type. Third, the interval from the beginning of accumulation to threshold of movement-related activity was significantly shorter when instantiating the GO2 relative to the GO1 process. Differences observed between monkeys are discussed. Fourth, random variation of RT was accounted for to some extent by random variation in both the onset and duration of selective activity of each neuron type but mostly by variation of movement neuron accumulation duration. These findings offer new insights into the sources of control of target selection and saccade production in dynamic environments.
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Jaderberg, Magnus, Susana Cedres, Luis Paz-Ares, Xavier Serres, Charles Ricordel, Nicolas Isambert, Santiago Ponce Aix i in. "361 A randomised open-label phase I/II study adding ONCOS-102 to pemetrexed/cisplatin in patients with unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma – 12 month analysis of biomarkers and clinical outcomes". Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, Suppl 3 (listopad 2020): A386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-sitc2020.0361.
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BackgroundMalignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare, aggressive malignancy without curative treatment. Majority of patients receive pemetrexed/cisplatin as standard of care (SoC). Median overall survival in unresectable disease is 12 months. ONCOS-102 is a granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) expressing oncolytic adenovirus (Ad5/3-D24-GMCSF) with a unique ability to both prime and boost immune responses. The aim of the study was to assess immune and clinical responses as well as safety in patients with 1st and 2nd line unresectable MPM.MethodsEligible patients (experimental arm, n=20) received ONCOS-102 given intratumorally under CT or US guidance at a dose of 3 × 10 × 11 on Day 1, 4, 8, 36, 78 and 120 plus six cycles of SoC starting on Day 22. The control group (n=11) received only SoC. Imaging was done at baseline, Day 43–64 and 127–148. Patients were monitored regularly for immunological assessment including lesional biopsies (baseline and Day 36). Primary objective was safety and tolerability. Secondary objectives were immunological activation, ORR, PFS and OS as well as correlation between immunological activation and clinical outcome.ResultsThere were no safety concerns nor DLTs. In 1st line patients ORR/DCR was 30%/90% in the experimental group and 33%/83% in the control group. 2nd line patients had ORR/DCR of 11%/67% in the experimental group and 60%/80% in the control group. 12-month survival rate for the 1st line pts was 64% in the experimental group and 50% in the control group. PFS and OS are still to be reported. The treatment with ONCOS-102 induced strong upregulation of multiple genes associated with immune activation in tumor lesions. Profound innate and adaptive immune activation was observed in the experimental vs control group that was associated with better clinical outcome. In addition to an increase in intra-tumoral cytotoxic T-cells (10/15 pts), the treatment with ONCOS-102 resulted in polarization from M2 to M1 macrophages. An upregulation of PD-L1 was reported in 9/15 pts in the experimental group vs 2/5 pts in the control arm, highlighting the potential of ONCOS-102 as an immunosensitizing agent for combinatory therapies with checkpoint inhibitors.ConclusionsONCOS-102 treated patients benefited from superior immune activation compared to patients receiving SoC with preliminary signals of clinical efficacy. Upregulation of adaptive immunity and cytotoxicity related gene expression, PD-L1 level and M2 to M1 macrophage polarization indicate that ONCOS-102 can induce a favourable TME modulation thus providing a scientific rationale for combination with check point inhibition.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials. gov NCT02879669Ethics ApprovalThis study was approved by the IRBs of all the sites in Madrid, Barcelona, Rennes and Poitiers.
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Lueckerath, Katharina, Julie Bailis, Kyle Current, Mark Salvati, Caius Radu i Johannes Czernin. "717 AMG 160, a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted BiTE® immuno-oncology therapy, is active in models of advanced prostate cancer that are resistant to radioligand therapy". Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, Suppl 3 (listopad 2020): A759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-sitc2020.0717.
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BackgroundAMG 160 is an HLE BiTE® (half-life extended bispecific T-cell engager) that binds PSMA on prostate cancer cells and CD3 on T-cells and induces redirected T-cell lysis of PSMA-expressing cells. This mechanism may allow the BiTE molecule to be active in settings where other targeted or immune therapies have failed. Here, we evaluated the activity of AMG 160 in mouse models of advanced prostate cancer that are resistant to 177Lu-PSMA-617, a PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy that has emerged as a promising treatment modality for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).MethodsTwo prostate cancer models were tested in 6–8-week-old male NCG mice: one cohort had established subcutaneous C4-2 TP53-/- tumors (C4-2 cells with TP53 knockout), and the other cohort had established systemic C4-2 TP53wt/wttumors that mimic metastatic lesions (intracardiac injection). PSMA levels in both models (~255,000 PSMA/cell) are sufficient for tumor growth inhibition with 177Lu-PSMA-617. Mice were administered a single intravenous (IV) infusion of human T-cells. Three days later, mice were treated with 1 cycle of 177Lu-PSMA-617 (30 MBq, IV), or 3 weekly doses of AMG 160 (1 mg/kg, IV) or of a control HLE BiTE molecule (1 mg/kg, IV; target not expressed on C4-2 cells). Therapeutic efficacy was assessed by tumor burden measurements, time to progression (TTP), and survival.ResultsIn both prostate cancer models, AMG 160 treatment significantly improved disease control (figure 1). Median TTP was not reached in the AMG 160 group (p<0.0001), whereas it was 31d (177Lu-PSMA-617) and 23.5d (control) in the subcutaneous model, and 68d (177Lu-PSMA-617) and 50.5d (control) in the systemic model. Median survival was not reached in the AMG 160 group (p<0.0001); it was 39d (177Lu-PSMA-617) and 26.5d (control) in the subcutaneous model, and 77d (177Lu-PSMA-617) and 61d (control) in the systemic model. Following treatment with AMG 160, 2/10 mice with subcutaneous and 7/9 mice with systemic tumors had not progressed at the end of the observation period (>100 days). In contrast, all mice in the 177Lu-PSMA-617 and control groups succumbed to progressive disease.Abstract 717 Figure 1AMG 160 treatment extended survival in mouse models of advanced prostate cancerConclusionsOur study demonstrates potent antitumor activity of AMG 160 monotherapy in models of metastatic CRPC that are resistant to PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy with 177Lu-PSMA-617. These data provide a rationale for evaluating AMG 160 in patients with mCRPC who have progressed on 177Lu-PSMA-617. AMG 160 is currently being evaluated in a phase 1 study in patients with mCRPC (NCT03792841).AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge Micah Robinson, PhD of Amgen Inc. for medical writing support and Hosein Kouros-Mehr, MD, PhD of Amgen Inc. for facilitating the collaboration and helpful discussions.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials. gov Identifier: NCT03792841Ethics ApprovalAll animal experimental protocols were approved by the UCLA Animal Research Committee (# 2005-090).