Rozprawy doktorskie: „Gov. control”

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Lewis, Patricia L. "Faith : a variable of locus of control and process orientation /". Click for abstract, 1997. http://library.ctstateu.edu/ccsu%5Ftheses/1496.html.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Central Connecticut State University, 1997.
Thesis advisor: Dr. Marc Goldstein. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 56-60).

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Urban, Lukasz. "General sense of control not related to God presence| Implications for the compensatory control model". Thesis, Adler School of Professional Psychology, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10168831.

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The compensatory control model has been suggested as one way of understanding the complex relationship between the experience of God and the experience of control. This model states that when one's sense of control is threatened, it can be compensated for by increased beliefs in external systems of control (such as a supreme being, or the government) that are thought to provide one with a general sense that the world is in order. Previous research has produced evidence for the compensatory control model, but has failed to consider a conceptual distinction between the personal experience of God (God Image) and the conceptual understanding of God (God Concept). A sample of 135 participants whose demographics closely resemble the population of academia took a brief internet survey measuring a dimension of God Image, and general sense of control. Statistical analysis of the correlation produced a coefficient of r = .13 that was not statistically significant. Contradicting the study hypothesis, the findings suggest that general sense of control was not related to how much one experiences God as present in his or her life. Implications for the fields of sociology, theology, and psychology are discussed.

Keywords: God image, God concept, control, compensatory control, religiosity

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Silveira, Marcelo Vitor da. "Procedimento go/no-go e controle por identidade em pombos (Columba Livia)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-01042010-104451/.

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Diversos estudos que utilizaram o procedimento matching-to-sample indicaram que estabelecimento de controle pela posição em detrimento ao controle pela relação entre estímulos. Zentall e Hogan (1975) utilizaram um procedimento alternativo ao matching-to-sample com o qual respostas são emitidas ou não em uma única chave (procedimento go/no-go) para estabelecer relações de identidade ou singularidade. Nesse procedimento, o disco circular de respostas era longitudinalmente seccionado de maneira que cada metade do disco poderia ser iluminada independentemente por cores iguais ou diferentes. Os resultados dos testes indicam que quando novas cores foram apresentadas os pombos responderam sob controle da identidade. Carter e Werner (1978), no entanto, levantam a possibilidade de que os sujeitos estivessem respondendo sob controle de um campo homogêneo (formado por duas metades iguais), o que refletiria controle discriminativo simples e não condicional que seria necessário para atestar estabelecimento de controle pela identidade. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar se após um treino similar ao conduzido por Zentall e Hogan (1975), pombos responderiam sob controle da identidade quando as duas metades fossem apresentadas espacialmente separadas sem a possibilidade de configurarem um campo homogêneo. Os resultados dos testes indicaram ausência de discriminação. Mas, quando os pombos foram submetidos a novas sessões de treinos em que os semicírculos eram apresentados juntos, os resultados dos três pombos indicaram discriminação. Essas diferenças entre os resultados do primeiro e do segundo teste indicam que provavelmente pombos respondem sob controle de um campo homogêneo, o que confirmaria a hipótese de Carter e Werner (1978).
Several experiments that employed matching-to-sample procedure indicated the establishment of stimuli position control. Zentall and Hogan (1975) used an alternative procedure with which responses were emitted or not in a single-key (go/no-go procedure). In this procedure, the response key was longitudinally sectioned, so each half of the key could be lighted independently by the same or by two different colors. Results indicated that pigeon\'s responses were under identity control in tests with new colors. Carter and Werner (1978) argued that the pigeon\'s responses might have been controlled by an homogeneous field and not by the relation between the two colors presented in the two halves. So, pigeons\' performance would suggest simple discriminative control and not conditional control that is necessary to attest identity control. The purpose of this research was to evaluate if the procedure employed by Zentall and Hogan (1975) would produce simple or conditional control. Three pigeons were submitted to the same procedure reported by Zentall and Hogan (1975), but the two halves of the key were spatially separated in a way that no homogeneous field could be detected. All pigeons did not show discriminative performances in tests with new colors. When new training sessions were conducted with the two halves not spatially separated, the three pigeons showed discriminative performances in tests with new colors. These results indicate that Zentall and Hogan (1975)\' procedure probably generates simple discriminative performances and not identity control as suggested by Carter and Werner (1978).

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Acosta, López de Mesa Juliana. "THE THREE CATEGORIES OF CREATIVE FREEDOM: GOD, SELF-CONTROL, AND COMMUNITY". OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1254.

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The main thesis of this project is that Peirce’s theory of the categories can be applied in order to better explain and inform a robust theory of creative freedom. I defend the claim that those three categories are: Peirce’s idea of God, understood as his idea of an evolving cosmos open to growth, as firstness; self-control and our capacity to deliberate in order to make choices as secondness; and the idea of community as thirdness. However, the concept of God, what I consider the first category of freedom, is not the main focus of this project, since I have dealt with it at some length in my master thesis. In this dissertation, I provide a general overview of the context and the scholarly tradition of Peirce’s studies on ethics in order to show and justify my position in it. Moreover I explore the second category of freedom, i.e. self-control. First, I show the development of this idea under the context of the philosophical tradition that influenced Peirce; second, I deal with a reconstruction of the concept of self-control under Peirce’s theory of semeiotics; third, I attempt to explain self-control according to the three categories based on Edward Petry’s formulations; and fourth I explore the conception of the summum bonum, not only from the perspective of its development in Peirce’s theory but also in its function as the aesthetic value that directs and guides the manner in which self-control and its categories work out under the frame of a theory of creative freedom. Finally, I analyze the role of community in enabling and making freedom possible from the perspective of education, more specifically, its role of promoting truth, goodness, and beauty according to the normative sciences. The application of Peirce’s theory of the categories to a theory of creative freedom provides some advantages over other kind of approaches. If the three Peircean categories can be applied to the way in which we experience freedom, then the possible theories of ethics can be reduced to seven in the same way that Peirce’s model of classification catalogues all possible systems of metaphysics. Furthermore, it means that all other systems of ethics that neglect one of these conditions would be for Peirce degenerate in some respect. Although I do not explore this account in greater detail here, as I see it, this proposal provides a very useful framework. Thus, I hope to provide a robust perspective on freedom as creativity, where positive freedom (not just the negative freedom emphasized by North American cultures) plays an important role in acknowledging that a community acquires a responsibility for the well being and flourishing of its people, and therefore, the role of education, and community become also crucial.

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Knihs, Valter Luiz. "Projetos do controlador GMV em malhas de controle na indústria". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/95157.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Automação e Sistemas, Florianópolis, 2011
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A automação e o controle de processos tornaram-se fortemente presentes nos sistemas industriais ou de infra-estrutura, sendo obrigatório o conhecimento de diferentes técnicas de controle e plantas por parte dos engenheiros e fornecedores de sistemas. Deve-se conhecêlas e aprofundar seu conhecimento visando produtividade e bom desempenho em aplicativos experimentais. Apresenta-se nesta dissertação, um estudo, análise e projeto de técnicas de controle GMV (Generalized Minimum Variance) em plantas com certo grau de dificuldade e de interesse da indústria e, em particular, do autor por estarem presente nas atividades profissionais que desempenha. Várias técnicas de controle GMV são desenvolvidas e utilizadas em quatro plantas com dificuldades de malha como atraso de transporte, integradora com fase não mínima, oscilatória e não linear. Utiliza-se o MatLab como ambiente de simulação e o índice de desempenho de Shunta para avaliação de desempenho do controle.
Automation and Process Control have became strong in industrial and infrastructure systems, where it is important to know a variety of control techniques and plant model to improve performance and productivity aspects. This dissertation presents a study, analysis and design for the GMV (Generalized Minimum Variance) control technique by using plants with certain difficulty and of interest for the industry and for the author that are been used or faced in the professional activity. Various GMV control strategies are developed and used to control four types of plants with complexities as dead time, non-minimum phase with integration, oscillatory and non-linear. The numerical environment for simulation is MatLab and essays with Shunta performance index are shown.

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Uzdavines, Alexander William. "Test 'Em All and Let God Get Sorted Out: Re-Validating, Modifying, and Integrating God Health Locus of Control Scales". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1591819824966006.

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Hibbert, Chris. "Controls on seasonal elemental variation in tropical rivers in Goa, India". Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2017. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/275/.

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This study focuses upon chemical variation in fluvial discharge over a 15 month period (May 2007 – July 2008) in a sub-tropical, monsoonal climatic regime in western India. Here, highly seasonal rivers rising at the Western Ghats escarpment discharge into the Arabian Sea. The Ghats present a topographical barrier to the SW monsoon, and thus generate one of the world’s highest orographic gradients. Two river basins were selected for this study, the Zuari and the Chapora, both characterised by high seasonal precipitation and run-off, with c. 85% occurring during the monsoon months (June – September). The rivers flow steeply down the Ghats then across the low-lying Konkan - Kanara coastal plateaux much of which is heavily weathered and covered by laterite. The water samples (n = 13 per month) were collected from seven sites along the Zuari River and six sites along the Chapora River. The samples were analysed using ICP-MS for cations and ion chromatography for anions. Major and trace element concentrations were found to be very low throughout both basins, although a marked increase was observed for various elements (e.g., Ca, K, Mg, Na, Rb, Sr, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, HCO3-) shortly after the onset of the monsoon. We interpret this as a ‘rinse-out effect’. Despite absolute concentrations decreasing with increasing river run-off, total element fluxes increase during the monsoon. Additionally, due to the low elevation of the coastal plain, tidal effects are observed c. 40 km inland becoming forced seaward during the monsoon by high river flows. Silicate weathering is of primary importance in the long term global climate due to associated CO2 sequestration, and continental weathering is controlled by numerous factors, including lithology, climate, vegetation and anthropogenic effects; it is highest in the humid tropics due to high temperatures and precipitation. However, this study also identifies additional controls, these being the degree of weathering and the extent of weathering residuum, which are major limiting factors for elemental fluxes in tropical catchments.

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Corte, Angélico. "Sistema de controle para termociclador". Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2016. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5998.

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O termociclador é um equipamento utilizado para realizar uma técnica de biologia molecular chamada PCR (Polymerase ChainReaction – Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase), que objetiva isolar e amplificar fragmentos alvo de DNA e é amplamente utilizada em pesquisas nas áreas das ciências biológicas, saúde, agropecuária, em diagnósticos animal, vegetal e humano, bem como na medicina forense.O funcionamento do equipamento consiste em realizar ciclos de temperatura variáveis, sendo que o sucesso da reação depende basicamente de três fatores: (1) a velocidade das rampas de subida e descida de temperatura; (2) a precisão e estabilidade da temperatura estipulada no programa; (3) oovershoot reduzido ao final das rampas de temperatura. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida como a primeira fase de um projeto de nacionalização de tecnologia. Osobjetivosforam descobrir qual o controlador que melhor atua para o controle de temperatura em termocicladores e montar um protótipo deste equipamento.Os controladores testados foram os tipos PID (Genérico, ISA, Paralelo e com Síntese de Dahlin) e GMV.Esses controladores foram simulados usando Matlab e posteriormente implementados em um sistema de hardware. Foram implementadas no controlador PID de Dahlin, durante esse trabalho, a inserção de duas variáveis de ganho na componente proporcional, uma componente proporcional extra, um saturador e um filtro para acelerar a rampa de descida.Essas melhorias permitiram a resolução dos problemas apresentados pelos controladores, já que nenhum dos testados apresentou resultados satisfatórios em sua forma original.O protótipo foi montado e testado no laboratório de biologia molecular da Unisinos. O mesmo apresentou resultados equivalentes aos do equipamento importado em uso no laboratório.
The thermocycler is an equipment used to perform a molecular biology technique called PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), which aims at amplifying target DNA fragments. It is widely used in biology, health and agriculture sciences, animal, plant and human diagnostics, as well as in forensics. The equipment completes variable temperature cycles, and the success of the technique relies on three factors: (1) increasing and decreasing ramp rates; (2) temperature accuracy and stability of the temperatures set in the program; (3) a reduced overshoot at the end of each temperature ramp. This research was developed as the first phase of a Technology Nationalization Project. The aim was to identify the best controller to regulate temperature in thermal cycles and assemble a prototype of such equipment. The controllers tested were PID(Generic, ISA, Parallel and Dahlin Synthesis) andGMV. These controllers were simulated using Matlab and then, implemented in a hardware system. The following improvements were implemented in the Dahlin PID Controller during this work: addition of two gain variables in the proportional component, an extra proportional component, one saturator and a filter to accelerate the decreasing ramp. Such improvements allowed us to solve the problems of the controllers, as none of them presented acceptable results in its original form. The prototype was assembled and tested in the Molecular Biology Laboratory of Unisinos. The PCR results obtained with the prototype were equivalent as those obtained from the imported equipment used regularly in the laboratory.

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Putsey, Michelle C. "The birth control pill and abortion making a wise, God-honoring decision in family planning /". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), access this title online, 2007. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p091-0070.

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Durham, Mitchell L. "Denominational differences in supernatural locus of control and spiritual well-being". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1985. http://www.tren.com.

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Russell, Matthew. "DIAPHRAGMATIC BREATHING AND ITS EFFECT ON INHIBITORY CONTROL". UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/53.

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Evidence suggests that slow paced diaphragmatic breathing (DB) can significantly affect prefrontal cortex functions through increasing an individual’s physiological self-regulatory capacity. The current research demonstrates the effects of paced DB on inhibitory control, which is considered to be a reliable measure of behavioral self-regulation. Eighty healthy participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions (20 males and females each). Participants were instructed on either DB at a pace of six-breaths per minute (BPM) or instructions on environmental awareness and asked to breathe at 12 BPM. Following training, all participants completed a computer-based task designed to examine inhibitory processes. Physiological recordings of heart rate (HR), BPM, and HRV were collected at baseline, during the breathing training, during the cued go/no-go task, and after the cued go/no-go task. The findings demonstrated that the DB condition had significantly lower BPM, HR, and higher HRV (p’s<0.05) during active training than the environmental awareness condition. Furthermore, the DB condition performed significantly better on the measure of inhibition than the environmental awareness condition (p<0.05). The use of DB as a reliable method to increase physiological self-regulatory capacity and improve behavioral self-regulation, measured as inhibitory control, should continue to be explored.

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Höglund, Marie, i Cornelia Westberg. "Framgångsfaktorer för en god intern kontroll : Intern kontroll och ramverket COSO i praktiken: En fallstudie hos Dalarnas Försäkringsbolag". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-30503.

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Interna kontroller har blivit en central del för verksamheter för att identifiera och hantera risker. Med en tillförlitlig intern kontroll kan verksamheter säkerhetsställa att arbetet utförs på ett pålitligt sätt gällande lagar och regler. Med en bristande intern kontroll kan innebär att verksamheten hamnar på finansinspektionens sanktionslista som kan leda till böter eller i värsta fall bli av med tillståndet för att bedriva bankverksamhet. Syftet med studien är att förklara vilka framgångsfaktorer en finansiell verksamhet har för att implementera interna kontroller utifrån COSO;s ramverk. Hur ledningen och medarbetarna i en finansiell verksamhet implementerar och kommunicerar gällande den interna kontrollen med varandra. Studien som presenteras är en kvalitativ fallstudie hos Dalarnas Försäkringsbolag som inte funnits med på finansinspektionens sanktionslista de fem senaste åren. Intervjuerna består av fyra ledare och tre medarbetare på Dalarnas Försäkringsbolag för att få djupare förståelse hur de arbetar med interna kontroller. Resultatet i studien visar olika faktorer som kan vara bidragande till att Dalarnas Försäkringsbolag lyckas med en effektiv intern kontroll. Vi hoppas studien bidrar till en ökad förståelse över hur interna kontroller enligt COSO;s ramverk kan implementeras framgångsrikt i finansiella verksamheter.
Internal controls have become a central part of the business to identify and manage risks. With a reliable internal control, businesses can ensure that the work is carried out in a safe manner in accordance with laws and regulations. With a lack of internal control, a consequence can be that the business ends up on the Financial Supervisory Authority's sanction list, which can lead to fines or, in the worst case, losing the license to conduct banking activities. The purpose of the study is to explain what success factors a financial business has in order to carry out internal controls based on COSO;s framework. How the management and employees in a financial business implement and communicate with regard to internal control with each other. The study presented is a qualitative case study at Dalarnas Försäkringsbolag, which has not been on the financial inspection's sanctions list in the last five years. The interviews consist of four leaders and three employees at Dalarnas Försäkringsbolag to gain a deeper understanding of how they work with internal controls. The results of the study show various factors that can contribute to Dalarnas Försäkringsbolag succeeding with effective internal control. We hope the study contributes to an increased understanding of how internal controls according to COSO's framework can be successfully implemented in financial activities.

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Huff, Nicole S. "Social support, God locus of health control, and quality of life among African American breast cancer survivors". Thesis, Central Michigan University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3567665.

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As African American (AA) breast cancer survivors live longer with the disease, much attention should be directed to quality of life and factors influencing it. An understanding of survivors' belief that God controls their health and their social support needs is necessary as an effort to develop health care services and programs that are culturally sensitive. This study was the first to explore the association between an individual's belief that God controls their health, social support and quality of life among AA breast cancer survivors. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between social support, God Locus of Health Control (GLHC) and quality of life (QoL) among the survivors residing in Illinois. This study's alternative hypotheses predicted after controlling for age, location of residence, marital status, and time since diagnosis, social support and GLHC, combined and individually, would positively correlate to QoL for AA breast cancer survivors.

The study used a descriptive, correlational and quantitative design by testing the variables using hierarchical multiple regression and Pearson correlation. A convenience sample of 92 AA women was recruited from a community hospital, a Federally Qualified Health Centers, a beauty shop, two support groups, a member association that advocates for health care disparities, and local newspapers. Quantitative measures included Social Support Questionnaire (Northouse, 1988), GLHC scale (Wallston et al., 1999), Quality of Life Index - Cancer Version III (QLI - CV III) (Ferrans, 1990), and Demographic Characteristics form created by researcher.

Results concluded QoL was not affected by social support and GLHC, combined, and GLHC, individually. However, social support was a predictor of QoL. Statistically significant relationships were found between social support, QoL and its domains: a) health and functioning subscale, b) social and economic subscale, c) psychological/spiritual subscale and d) family subscale. Statistically significant relationships were not found between GLHC and QoL and its domains. The mean score for social support and GLHC scales were low compared to prior study results. The QLI - CV III mean score was moderately high compared to other study results.

Additional findings concluded women residing in the suburb had statistically significant higher mean QoL than those living in the rural or urban areas of Illinois. Also, married women in this sample had a higher mean QoL than unmarried women. Although AA breast cancer survivors' QoL was not increased by their belief that God controlled their health and the mean social support score was low, the study results provided valuable information for future research and the development of social support programs that are culturally sensitive.

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Hughes, Anthony. "Quality control in radionuclide imaging". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1990. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU601994.

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Bullard, González Alfredo, Jara Alejandro Falla i Barraza Nicole Roldán. "In god we trust, all other bring data. ¿Debe haber un control de fusiones empresariales en el Perú?" THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/109294.

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En el presente artículo, los autores critican este carácter basado en la incertidumbre del control de fusiones. Exigen que estas agencias se basen más en los hechos y no pretendan corregir errores antes de que sucedan. Además, analizan los resultados del control de fusiones en el Derecho comparado. De este modo, llegan a la conclusión de que dicho control suele ser ineficiente, pues genera costos a las empresas y puede evitar fusiones que, a la larga, serían beneficiosas. En el Perú, la existencia de un Proyecto de Ley para regular las fusiones motiva la crítica de los autores, que ven en esta medida un control innecesario y negativo que traería más problemas que beneficios.

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Barrow, John. "Transcriptional control of the endocrine pancreas". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2005. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU487870.

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Transcription factors are vitally important to the developmental biology of all life. They also define many of the developmental stages of organs within the body. Their expression allows for the activation of developmentally important cues and signalling cascades, through activation of specific subsets of genes. When transcription factor function is disrupted, it can have serious repercussions on the development and function of organ systems. This dysfunction, in many cases, leads to the onset of diseases such as cancer and diabetes. The general objectives of this thesis were to describe the role and function of several transcription factors vitally important in the development and maintenance of the pancreas through three lines of research. Firstly, neurogenin3 (ngn3) is vitally important to the development of the islets of Langerhans. Knocking out this gene prevents mice from developing endocrine cells of the pancreas (islets of Langerhans). This thesis set out to label the ngn3 positive precursor cell population in developing mice, and characterise their phenotype. Detailed immunohistochemistry and fluorescence activated cell sorting coupled with reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR were employed to fully characterise the EGFP positive cell population at embryonic day (E)15.5 and E l8.5. EGFP positive cells were able to be isolated at both E l5.5 and E l8.5 and were found to co-express endocrine markers both in immunohistochemical and RT-PCR based assays. Marking cells that are developmentally important to pancreas function, and being able to identify their phenotype, may provide clues to markers that could be exploited as targets for future diabetes therapies. Secondly, pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1) is another critically important transcription factor in both pancreas development and in maintaining the insulin expression of the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans. Preventing PDX-1 function causes severe agenesis of the pancreas, and mutations in the gene cause one form of diabetes. This thesis describes the production of a super-activated form of the PDX-1 protein using the transactivation domain VP 16. The main objective of this work was to drive PDX-1 function in a non-beta cell. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, the PDX-1 VP 16 protein appeared to increase the acetylation state of the insulin promoter in the mouse non-beta cell line (alpha-TCI.6), particularly through altering the acetylation state of the insulin 2 promoter. The use of the PDX-1VP16 protein could provide a potential starting point for research into driving differentiation of stem cells to a pancreatic phenotype. Finally, there are four transcription factors that are known to drive expression of the insulin gene synergistically. They are the homeodomain protein PDX-1, the leucine zipper protein MafA, and the basic helix loop helix heterodimer beta2/E47. All of these proteins have binding sites within 300 bp of the transcriptional start site of the insulin gene. Through the use of ChIP assays this thesis shows, for the first time, the ordered cyclical binding of these four transcription factors on the insulin 2 gene promoter in the mouse beta cell line MIN-6. Understanding how the transcription factors that drive insulin expression interact on the promoter in vivo could be used for future studies to understand the process of insulin gene transcription both in healthy and diabetic patients. This may then shed light on the processes that cause the perturbations in insulin transcription seen with certain forms of diabetes.

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Wang, Xin. "The combined use of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and glucose oxidase (GOX) dipping solutions to control melanosis in shrimp /". Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61043.

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Black spot development or "melanosis" is a common defect in fresh shrimp which results in product being devalued and rejected by consumers. Currently, sulfiting agents are used to control melanosis in shrimp. However, with increasing regulatory and consumer concerns about the safety of sulphites as a method of melanosis control, the shrimp processing industry is actively seeking alternative methods to control melanosis on, and extend the shelf life of, fresh shrimp. One method which has the potential to fulfill both objectives is glucose oxidase (GOX)/glucose dipping solutions in conjunction with Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP).
Preliminary studies have shown that black spot development can be controlled for 14 days at 4$ sp circ$C in white shrimp (Pandalus occidentalis) and pink shrimp (Pandalus borealis) using GOX/glucose or GOX/glucose/ascorbic acid in conjunction with gas packaging (60% CO$ sb2$: 40% N$ sb2$). This dipping/packaging treatment also improves the physical, chemical and microbiological changes in white shrimp compared to samples dipped only in water and air packaged. This study has shown that the combined use of two or more "barriers" can be used to extend the shelf life of, and control melanosis on, fresh shrimp. This novel process of "dipping" shrimp in GOX/glucose solutions in conjunction with MAP will have a significant effect in the area of shrimp hygiene and will have the potential to minimize shrimp spoilage incurred through melanosis.

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SILVA, Anderson de França. "Controlador GMV aplicado à regulação do ângulo de passo em um sistema de conversão de energia eólica: uma abordagem linear, preditiva e estocástica". Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/8997.

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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Nesta pesquisa, foram investigadas técnicas de controle linear, preditivo e estocástico, aplicadas ao problema de regulação do ângulo de passo de uma Turbina Eólica. A topologia do Sistema de Conversão de Energia Eólica (SCEE) estudado é do tipo Velocidade Fixa, com ângulo de passo variável. Os SCEE, de maneira geral, são sistemas que, durante seu funcionamento, estão sujeitos à constante entrada de perturbações do tipo estocásticas. Este tipo de perturbação, em muitos casos, é negligenciado, o que afeta o desempenho de controladores cujo o projeto foi baseado em modelos determinísticos. Pesquisas desenvolvidas na da Teoria de Controle Preditivo e Estocástico, têm comprovado os benefícios de se realizar o projeto de controladores baseados em modelos que consideram as parcelas, determinística e estocástica, do processo. Seguindo esta mesma abordagem de projeto, foi desenvolvido, nesta dissertação, o projeto de Reguladores do Ângulo de Passo (RAP), por meio da técnica de Argmentação Estocástica (AE) de controladores determinísticos. Os principais objetivos buscados foram: minimizar o consumo de energia do sistema de controle; e reduzir os custos relacionados à manutenção e troca dos atuadores no sistema de regulação do ângulo de passo. Foram realizados testes em um simulador de SCEE da MathWorks®. Os resultados dos testes comprovam o bom desempenho dos RAP projetados através da AE, os quais alcançaram os objetivos buscados no desenvolvimento desta pesquisa.
In this research, we investigated linear, predictive and stochastic control techniques applied to the pitch angle control of a Wind Turbine. The topology of the Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) studied was the Fixed-Speed Variable-Pitch. The WECS, in general, is a system that, during their operation, is subject to the constant entry of stochastic disturbances. This type of disturbance is often neglected, which will negatively affect the performance of controllers whose design was based on deterministic models. Researches developed within the Predictive and Stochastic Control Theory, have proven the benefits of performing the design of controllers based on models that consider both the deterministic and stochastic portions of the process. Following this same design approach, the Picth Angle Control (PAC) project was developed, in this dissertation, using the Stochastic Augmentation (SA) of deterministic controllers. The main objectives sought, were: to minimize the energy consumption of the control system; and to reduce the costs related to the maintenance and replacement of actuators in the pitch angle control system. Simulation tests were performed on a MathWorks® WECS simulator. The results of the tests have proved the good performance of the PAC designed through the SA, which reached the control objectives sought with the development of this research.

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19

Piispala, J. (Johanna). "Atypical electrical brain activity related to attention and inhibitory control in children who stutter". Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526221649.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to discover attention- and inhibitory control-related differences in the electrical activity of the brain in 6- to 9-year-old children who stutter (CWS) compared to typically developed children (TDC). For studies I and II, the study group consisted of 11 CWS (mean age 8.1 years, age range 6.3–9.5 years; all boys) and 19 fluently speaking children (mean age 8.1 years, age range 5.8–9.6 years; 7 girls). In study III, the participants were twelve boys who stutter (mean age 7.97 years, range 6.3–9.5 years) and 12 typically developed, fluently speaking boys (mean age 8.01 years, range 5.8–9.6 years). The CWS were recruited through local speech therapists and special teachers and newspaper advertisements, while controls were recruited from schools and preschools and among families of department staff and friends. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded during a visual Go/Nogo task, which forms a conflict between the pre-potent Go-response and inhibition of response in the Nogo condition, demanding inhibitory control. This EEG data was investigated with conventional event-related potentials (ERP) analysis, potential map and global field power (GFP) analysis and a time-frequency analysis including the periods between tasks. In the ERP analysis, the CWS had a delayed N2 component in the Go condition and a poorly defined P3 component. The potential maps and GFP waveforms confirmed the findings in the Go condition, but also revealed differences in the Nogo condition, described as a prolonged and excessive N2component and an absent P3 component in the CWS. These results indicate problems in the evaluation and classification of the stimulus and the response preparation and inhibition of the response. In the time-frequency analysis, the CWS showed reduced occipital alpha power in the “resting” or preparatory period between visual stimuli, particularly in the Nogo condition. Therefore, the CWS demonstrate reduced inhibition of the visual cortex in the absence of visual stimuli, which is likely related to problems in attentional gating. This newly discovered lack of occipital alpha modulation indicates elementary differences in the regulation of visual information processing in CWS. These findings support the view of stuttering as part of an extensive brain dysfunction involving also attentional and inhibitory networks
Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli tunnistaa tarkkaavuuteen ja inhibitiokontrolliin liittyviä eroja aivojen sähköisessä toiminnassa 6–9-vuotiailla lapsilla, jotka änkyttävät verrattuna tavanomaisesti kehittyviin lapsiin. Osatöissä I ja II koeryhmässä oli 11 änkyttävää lasta (iän keskiarvo 8.1 vuotta, ikäjakauma 6.3–9.5 vuotta) ja verrokkiryhmässä 19 sujuvasti puhuvaa lasta (keskiarvo 8.1 vuotta, jakauma 5.8–9.6 vuotta; 7 tyttöä). Osatyössä III koeryhmässä oli 12 änkyttävää poikaa (keskiarvo 7.97, jakauma 6.3–9.5 vuotta) ja verrokkiryhmässä 12 sujuvasti puhuvaa poikaa (keskiarvo 8.01 vuotta, jakauma 5.8–9.6 vuotta). Koehenkilöitä haettiin puheterapeuttien ja erityisopettajien välityksellä sekä lehti-ilmoituksilla. Verrokkiryhmän osallistujat rekrytoitiin kouluista, esikouluista sekä henkilökunnan ja ystävien perheiden joukosta. Elektroenkefalografia (EEG) rekisteröitiin visuaalisen Go/Nogo-tehtävän aikana. Tehtävässä ennakoidun Go-vasteen ja Nogo-tilanteessa vaadittavan reaktiosta pidättäytymisen välille syntyvä ristiriita kuormittaa inhibitiokontrollia. EEG-dataa arvioitiin herätevasteiden avulla, tutkimalla jännitekarttojen ja koko pään jännitevaihteluiden eroja sekä käyttämällä aika-taajuusanalyysia, mihin sisältyi myös tehtävien välinen aika. Herätevasteanalyysissä änkyttävillä lapsilla oli viivästynyt N2-vaste Go-tilanteessa ja huonosti erottuva P3-vaste. Jännitekarttojen ja koko pään jännitevaihteluiden perusteella tämä löydös vahvistui, mutta ryhmät erosivat toisistaan myös Nogo-tilanteessa. Änkyttävillä lapsilla N2-vaste oli pidentynyt ja voimakkaampi ja P3-vaste puuttui. Löydökset viittaavat ongelmiin ärsykkeen arvioinnissa ja luokittelussa sekä reaktion valmistelussa ja inhibitiossa. Aika-taajuusanalyysissa änkyttävillä lapsilla oli okkipitaalialueilla merkittävästi vähemmän alfataajuista toimintaa tehtävien välisen ”lepotilan” tai valmistautumisvaiheen aikana erityisesti Nogo-tilanteessa. Änkyttävillä lapsilla näköaivokuoren inhibitio ärsykkeen puuttuessa on näin ollen heikentynyt, mikä viittaa häiriöön tarkkaavuuden suuntaamisessa. Tämä todettu alfatoiminnan säätelyn puuttuminen ilmentää perustavanlaatuisia eroja näköärsykkeen käsittelyssä änkyttävillä lapsilla. Löydökset tukevat näkemystä änkytyksestä osana laaja-alaista aivojen toiminnan häiriötä, joka käsittää todennäköisesti myös tarkkaavuuteen ja inhibitiokontrolliin liittyviä verkostoja

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20

Modenesi, Rafael Diego. "Controle contextual com o procedimento go/no-go com estímulos compostos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-18072013-120923/.

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O Controle Contextual é descrito a partir de (a) uma contingência de cinco termos (Sx-Sc-Sd- R-Sr) em que o estímulo contextual (Sx) exerce controle condicional sobre as discriminações condicionais e (b) permite que um estímulo participe de mais de uma classe de equivalência sem que haja a fusão das classes. O matching-to-sample é o procedimento mais utilizado para investigar o controle contextual. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se o procedimento go/nogo com estímulos compostos, no qual não é possível identificar as funções condicional e discriminativa, produziria classes de equivalência que compartilham estímulos. Se estas classes fossem produzidas, apenas uma parte da definição de controle contextual (b) seria atestada. Seis universitários realizaram uma tarefa nas fases de treino na qual respostas aos compostos A1C1, A2C2, B1D1, B2D2, X1Y1, X2Y2, X1A1B1, X1A2B2, X2A1B2, X2A2B1 eram seguidas, intermitentemente, por 10 pontos e respostas aos compostos A1C2, A2C1, B1D2, B2D1, X1Y2, X2Y1, X1A1B2, X1A2B1, X2A1B1, X2A2B2 não eram seguidas de consequências. Os estímulos eram formas abstratas. Para se atestar o estabelecimento do controle contextual, os participantes deveriam responder aos compostos Y1C1D1, Y1C2D2, Y2C1D2, Y2C2D1 e não deveriam responder aos compostos Y1C1D2, Y1C2D1, Y2C1D1, Y2C2D2. Este padrão de respostas indicaria a formação de quatro classes de equivalência que compartilham estímulos: X1A1B1Y1C1D1, X1A2B2Y1C2D2, X2A1B2Y2C1D2, X2A2B1Y2C2D1. Quatro dos seis participantes apresentaram desempenhos indicando que é possível estabelecer o controle contextual a partir do procedimento go/no-go com estímulos compostos, sem especificar diferentes funções (e.g., discriminativa, condicional e contextual) para os estímulos envolvidos nestas discriminações. Em função desses resultados, parte (a) da definição de controle contextual mais recorrentemente empregada pode ser questionada
Contextual control is described from (a) a five-term contingency in which the contextual stimulus (Sx) exerts conditional control over conditional discriminations (Sctx Sc Sd R Sr) and (b) allows one stimulus to participate in more than one equivalence class, without merging them into one. Matching-to-sample is the mostly employed procedure to investigate the contextual control. The presented study aimed to evaluate whether a go/no-go procedure that present stimuli in the same manner, without specifying any different stimuli functions, would produce equivalence classes that share stimuli. If equivalence classes could be established with this procedure, only one part of contextual control definition (b) would be met. Six undergraduate were submitted to a task in Training Phase in which responses to A1C1, A2C2, B1D1, B2D2, X1Y1, X2Y2, X1A1B1, X1A2B2, X2A1B2, X2A2B1 compound stimuli were intermittently followed by 10 points, and responses to A1C2, A2C1, B1D2, B2D1, X1Y2, X2Y1, X1A1B2, X1A2B1, X2A1B1, X2A2B2 were not. Two or three abstract forms composed compound stimuli. In Phase III, to certify the establishment of contextual control participants should respond to Y1C1D1, Y1C2D2, Y2C1D2, Y2C2D1 compounds and did not respond to Y1C1D2, Y1C2D1, Y2C1D1, Y2C2D2 compounds. This pattern of responses also indicates the formation of four equivalence classes: X1A1B1Y1C1D1, X1A2B2Y1C2D2, X2A1B2Y2C1D2, X2A2B1Y2C2D1. Four of six participants showed the establishment of contextual control using a go/no-go procedure that do not specify any specific functions for the stimuli. These results indicate that part (a) of the contextual control definition currently used can be questioned

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21

Torr, Peter. "Nematodes to control the large pine weevil". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2005. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU203887.

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Hylobius abietis is a very destructive pest of conifer restocking sites throughout Northern Europe, and if left uncontrolled it causes significant economic losses. Repeated field trials by Forest Research UK have shown that applications of Steinernema carpocapsae to the soil surrounding conifer stumps infested with H. abietis results in consistent and significant reductions in weevil emergence; at least equal to other tested nematodes. Contrary to its ambusher classification, S. carpocapsae was shown to be as motile as the intermediate S. feltiae and cruiser Heterorohabditis megidis in forest substrates, but in sand it was far less motile. These data suggested the perception that S. carpocapsae is relatively sedentary has resulted from testing motility in inappropriate substrates. Further experiments showed that all tested entomopathogenic nematodes, including S. carpocapsae, showed strong positive thigmotaxis to long distance seismic vibrations through peat; a response to a cue never before documented in insect parasites. In addition, when chemical gradients were compromised, all tested nematode species could still follow vibrational clues, implying that with increasing soil organic matter the utility of host chemical cues declines. The results also suggested that seismic vibrations are potentially less prone to interference from the soil matrix than chemical signals. These data facilitated rejection of the hypothesis that S. carpocapsae does not respond to long-range host cues. A field experiment established that the good field performance of S. carpocapsae was not due to an increased capacity for field survival of this nematode. The cruise foraging, locally isolated S. kraussei was less efficacious than S. carpocapsae against H. abietis, yet persisted in the soil for longer.

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22

Nasiruddin, Munira. "The effects of azadirachtin and analogues upon feeding and development in locusts". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1993. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU553862.

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The antifeedant and insect growth regulatory (KGR) activities of azadirachtin, its natural analogue 3-tigloylazadirachtol and its synthetic analogues 22,23-dihydroazadirachtin and 22-alpha-bromo-22,23-dihydro-23-alpha,beta-ethoxyazadirachtin were investigated using different bioassays on Schistocera gregaria (F.) and Locusta migratoria (R &38 F). The effects of azadirachtin on midgut histology were studied at the light microscopical and electron microscopical level. Light microscopy revealed that azadirachtin affected midgut histology in a dose and time dependent manner. Increasing effects were seen at doses of 5-15 mug g-1 body weight. With a dose of 1 mug g -1, effects were apparent but recovery occurred after three days. Azadirachtin caused the normal elongated midgut epithelial cells to become cuboidal; thickening of the connective tissue with invading regenerative cells. The gut musculature was swollen. Electron microscopy showed the midgut cells to undergo necrosis with swelling of the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, reduction in glycogen granules and increaesd autophagic vacuoles. Bursting and disruption of the cell contents was sometimes seen. Such effects were not seen in starved insects. Feeding activities, measured in terms of antifeedant indices (AI) and consumption rates (CR) in binary choice bioassays on fifth instar nymphs demonstrated dose-dependent variations for all the compounds in both species of insects. S.gregaria was more discriminatory and more sensitive to azadirachtin and its analogues than was L.migratoria. ED_50's were measured for all compounds tested. Ingestion rates of the compounds showed a dose-dependent decrease with increasing dose. The highest intake of the compounds was observed mostly at an AI of 50-60&'37. The short- and long-term effects of topical application and low doses (0.1 and 1.0 mug g-1 body weight) of azadirachtin, the analogues and an additional unidentified compound X (related to bromeothoxyazadirachtin) were measured in S.gregaria. The effects on growth were reduced body weight and reduced feeding as measured by faecal pellet production. Azadirachtin induced the highest mortality and most deaths occurred within the first few days of treatment; the analogues were less acutely toxic. Mortalities at the moults were also dose related. In all the insects which survived, none of the compounds exerted any significant effects on dry body or ovary weights, egg size or fecundity. Thus once toxic effects were overcome, the insects matured and reproduced normally; none of the compounds had any long term accumulative effects.

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23

Coventry, Emma. "Antibacterial and antifungal properties of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU100079.

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A number of commercial neem pest control products and a laboratory prepared seed water extract were screened for antibacterial activity against bacteria with different Gram staining reactions, morphologies and pathogenicity using the agar diffusion technique. The neem component of the Trifolio-M GmbH commercial products, termed "active ingredient", and the unformulated product, MIDECOL-CF, exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria including phytopathogens. The formulations of the Trifolio-M GmbH products were themselves shown to possess considerable antimicrobial activity. A Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC0 bioassay was developed using Bacillus mycoides to detect antibacterial metabolites in separated neem extracts. Three discrete zones of growth inhibition were obtained with the active ingredient indicating the presence of at least three antibacterial metabolites. TLC bioassay of laboratory prepared seed and leaf extracts resulted in considerable inhibition of B. mycoides which could not be attributed to one metabolite. No antibacterial activity was detected in pure samples of azadirachtin, nimbin or salannin. Neem callus of Ghanaian and Nigerian origin was fractionated using solid phase extraction and analysed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and TLC. Both calli exhibited antibacterial activity against B. mycoides in more than one fraction although activity differed between fractions and the calli of different origins. The effect of the active ingredient on the growth of four fungal phytopathogens was investigated. Mycelial growth of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritic was completely inhibited in vitro although control could not be achieved in planta. Mycelial growth of Microdochium nivale was significantly reduced in vitro in the presence of the active ingredient. This extract had little effect on mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea although MIDECOL-CF was shown to inhibit conidial germination. Activity was however lost when MIDECOL-CF was separated using TLC suggesting the presence of metabolites which act synergistically. The active ingredient inhibited conidial germination of Sphaerotheca fuliginea in vitro although no control was achieved in planta.

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24

Archer, Zoe Anne. "Neuroendocrine control of appetite and reproduction in sheep". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602029.

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Reproductive neuroendocrine activity and appetite are modulated at the hypothalamus by both nutritional status and photoperiod in the seasonal animal. The objectives of this work were (1) to measure circulating hormones and/or metabolites that relay information about peripheral nutritional status to the hypothalamus, (2) to identify which hypothalamic neuropeptides and receptors that are responsive to photoperiodic and nutritional feedback and (3) to establish which changes in peripheral signals and/or hypothalamic neuropeptides are associated with alterations in the activity of the reproductive neuroendocrine axis. Three main experiments were carried out. The first experiment (Chapter 1) utilised a 2 x 2 design to examine the separate and interactive effects of photoperiod and food restriction on hypothalamic neuropeptide and receptor mRNA expression and on GnRH/LH secretion. In the second experiment (Chapter 2), two components of nutritional status, BC and increased food intake were investigated since both are positively related to reproductive performance in sheep. In the final experiment (Chapter 3) the approach was to use an exogenous treatment to artificially raise plasma insulin in an attempt to "drive" some of the foregoing effects. Collectively these studies have lead to the first localisation AgRp, MCH, orexin, Mc3R, Mc4R gene expression in the ovine hypothalamus. They indicate that circulating insulin and leptin are major factors relaying information about nutritional status to the hypothalamus. In addition, they have dissociated BC and food intake as signals to the hypothalamus. Moreover these studies have provided no evidence that NPY, AgRp, POMC, MCH and ObRb play a role in driving seasonal changes in appetite and gonadotrophin secretion. However they do suggest NPY-ergic and melanocortin pathways are important in maintaining appetite/bodyweight/energy homeostasis or restoring energy balance following perturbation. Furthermore the results show that changes in nutrient-sensitive hypothalamic neuropeptide and receptor gene expression may not necessarily lead to alterations in the activity of the reproductive neuroendocrine axis. However, they do indicate that increased NPY biosynthesis during food restriction may be involved in the inhibition of pulsatile GnRH/LH release.

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25

Cooper, Jane. "The behavioural control of helminth infection by sheep". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU083310.

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Parasites have detrimental effects on an animal's fitness and could play a significant role in shaping the adaptive behaviour of animals. Natural selection may favour those behaviours utilised by animals that minimise the risk and intensity of infections. Animals use a range of behavioural strategies associated with grooming, social, mating, migratory and foraging behaviours to minimise their parasite burdens. Herbivores have two means available for reducing the effects of parasites while foraging. They may avoid parasites or consume plants with anti-parasitic properties. Sheep (Ovis aries) were shown to avoid foraging in areas of the sward contaminated with O. circumcincta infective larvae but could only do so when larvae were associated with faeces. The ability of sheep to avoid contaminated patches of the sward increased as the size of contaminated sward patches increased. This avoidance behaviour resulted in a reduction in the numbers of parasites ingested. Animals infected with O. circumcincta were more selective in their grazing behaviour than uninfected animals with respect to faeces avoidance. In order to determine which plants possess anti-parasitic properties Lotus pedunculatus, Pinus sylvestris, Tanacetum vulgare and Artemisia absinthium extracts were screened against Trichostrongylus colubriformis infections in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). Only A. absinthium merited further investigation as it appeared to suppress worm burdens when administered in a high single dose. A. absinthium extracts were subsequently administered to sheep infected with T. colubriformis.

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26

Martin, Niall M. B. "Protein turnover in Salmonids : sexual maturation and hormonal control". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1990. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU548688.

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Aspects of tissue protein metabolism were studied in different groups of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Firstly, 2 groups of sea water salmon were fasted for 3 and 5 days, prior to the measurement of tissue fractional rates of protein synthesis (ks, %day), using the method of 3H-phenylalanine flooding. The sensitivity of liver and gill to a short-term fast was indicated by their reduced rates of ks, while in other tissues such as ventricle, stomach and red muscle protein synthesis was unaffected. Both liver and gill are tissues which show the greatest capacities to synthesise protein, expressed by their high RNA contents. The response of tissue protein metabolism to sexual maturation was investigated in 2 groups of salmon undergoing river migration, tissues were analysed in both July salmon (sexually maturing) and in more mature October salmon. White muscle contributed most of the amino acids required during maturation, denoted by the high loss of protein and RNA from the flesh of the salmon by October. Red muscle, gill and ventricle were tissues which were protected during maturation, showing only slight changes in rates of protein metabolism. Liver, stomach and ovary on the other hand increased their RNA and protein contents, and showed increased rates of protein synthesis. The liver however, displayed a greater increase in its RNA concentration than protein i.e. the liver by October had increased its capacity to produce large amounts of export proteins. Despite the overall loss by stomach and other visceral tissues of protein and RNA, the stomach by October showed a dramatic 5-6 fold increase in its rate of protein synthesis. It was concluded that smooth muscle may have a particular role or function in the sexually mature fish. Factors controlling these in vivo changes in protein synthesis were investigated using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) isolated hepatocytes and a smooth muscle preparation in vitro . Anabolic actions on hepatocyte protein synthesis were exhibited by insulin, thyroxine and in the absence of fetal calf serum by triiodothyronine. The synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, unlike its actions in muscle, also exhibited an anabolic action on hepatocytes, by raising RNA and protein levels in cells from immature fish, while increasing protein synthesis rates in liver cells of sexually mature fish. Estradiol, like dexamethasone, stimulated rates of protein synthesis over 24 hours. However, hydroxyprogesterone caused no change in protein synthesis and decreased the effect of estradiol. Estradiol also increased protein synthesis rates in smooth muscle by some 30%. However, hydroxyprogesterone, as in liver cells, caused no stimulation of protein synthesis and again decreased the estradiol stimulated ks. It was proposed that estradiol is one of the factors involved in increasing the ks in the stomach of the sexually maturing salmon, while progesterone regulates the action of estradiol towards the end of sexual maturation, when such an effect of estradiol on liver and smooth muscle ks is unnecessary.

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Chidburee, Siripun. "Biological control of soil-borne disease in soybean by denitrifying antagonistic bacteria : the possible role of reduced nitrogen compounds for control of plant pathogens". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602299.

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A number of experiments were carried out to study the potential of denitrifying bacteria and reduced nitrogen compounds for control of soil-borne damping-off pathogens. Measurement of the rhizosphere pH of growing soybean roots was carried out in soil adjusted to different pH states and packed into sheet microcosms. The results showed that the rhizosphere pH of soybean was lower than the bulk soil. Nitrate reductase activity and nitrite production was then characterised for the rhizosphere of intact 14 day-old soybean roots that were incubated in nitrate substrates adjusted to different pH values under water-logged conditions. The results showed that the rate and the quantity of nitrite production increased with increasing nitrate concentration and pH in the solution. A growth room experiment was carried out to determine root colonization by denitrifying bacteria in relation to disease caused by soil-borne pathogens, which are favoured by high soil moisture (approximately -5 KPa) and low oxygen levels. Nitrite producing bacteria were isolated from soybean roots grown in Grampian (Insch) soils which had not been cropped with soybean and Thai (Phitsanulok) soils which previously had been cropped with soybean. In the first pot experiment, the nitrite producing bacteria were isolated from different root sections of 12 and 19 day-old soybean plants after 8 weeks of continuous cropping of soils with soybean (a new crop was planted every week), and using different isolation media in order to determine the genus/species composition of the denitrifying bacteria on the rhizoplane. The results showed that continuous cropping of Thai soil and Insch soil with soybean increased pre-emergence damping-off disease and decreased fresh weight yields in seedlings that did emerge. ANOVA showed significant differences between root sections for most bacterial groups monitored {Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae), with regression analysis generally showing densities increasing with root age or toward the shoot base. All nitrite producing bacterial isolates were screened for antifungal activity against Macrophomina phaseolina on agar plates and between 10 and 25% of nitrite producing bacteria were found to show in vitro antagonism. In a second pot experiment, the nitrite producing bacteria were isolated from root tissue below the crown (5 cm in length) every 2 weeks of continuous cropping of soils with soybean (a new crop was planted every 2 weeks). Plate-counting was carried out to determine the population of nitrite producing bacteria while a liquid culture MPN method was used for determination of NO, N2O and N2 producing bacteria. Linear regression analysis of the incidence of pre-emergence damping-off and soybean yields in seedling that did emerge showed a highly significant negative correlation between these parameters for both soils. ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between soil type, with the Thai soil showing higher population densities of antagonistic bacteria on soybean roots. All nitrite producing bacterial isolates were screened for antifungal activity, but the plant pathogenic fungus, Pythium ultimum, was used in this experiment. The results showed that between 10 and 40% of nitrite producing bacteria showed in vitro antagonism. However, regression analysis showed that there was no significant increase or decrease in the nitrite producing antagonistic bacterial population with continuous soybean cropping. All 900 isolates of nitrite producing bacteria isolated from the soybean rhizoplane were screened for antagonistic activity towards Pythium ultimum based on a pot trial assay in the greenhouse. As expected, very low numbers of nitrite producing bacteria showed activity against P. ultimum and only one isolate gave a significant reduction in disease incidence in pot trials. The interactive effects of nitrite producing antagonist and an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus mosseae) and Bradryrhizobium japonicum, on control of the fungal pathogens, P. ultimum or M. phaseolina were investigated in the greenhouse. The results showed that improved plant growth was obtained with certain combined inocula involving nitrite producing bacterial antagonists, Glomus mosseae and Bradryrhizobium japonicum.

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28

Smith, Richard Wilson. "RNA metabolism and the control of protein synthesis in fish". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU089891.

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This thesis examines the regulation of protein synthesis by pre - translational events; with particular reference to the means by which RNA is able to reduce the energetic cost of protein synthesis. Protein synthesis was measured by the application of a "flooding dose" of 3H-phenylalnine. Protein synthesis rates are then calculated from the "free intracellular" and "protein bound" specific radioactivity (dpm nmole-1 phenylalanine). A similar approach was used to investigate RNA synthesis: i.e. a flooding dose of 3H-uridine. As with protein synthesis RNA synthesis rates was assessed by the relating precursor and product (uridine nucleotide and RNA) radioactivity. Oxygen consumption was measured by monitoring the decline in partial pressure in calibrated respirometery chambers. In fish cells protein synthesis was regulated in terms of the amount (ie the "capacity" for protein synthesis) and the translational efficiency of the RNA. Translationally efficient RNA equated to RNA with an increased turnover. In order to minimise RNA production costs, rapidly synthesised RNA places more reliance on the salvage of exogenous nucleosides, as opposed to the relatively expensive alternative of intracellular synthesis. During yolk sac larval development of the African wels (Clarius gariepinus) protein synthesis rates decline whilst oxygen consumption and the amount of RNA (relative to protein) remains constant. Thus the increasing protein synthesis costs resulted from a reduction in RNA translational efficiency. This was mirrored by a declining RNA synthesis rate. Larval fish growth is primarily due to the repartitioning of yolk sac proteins since early life history stages are thought unable to sustain rapid rates of protein turnover. This pre - translational strategy optimises growth and regulates protein synthesis; whilst, at the same time maintaining the capacity for protein synthesis in anticipation of exogenous feeding.

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29

Ghorbani, Reza. "Biological control of the weed Amaranthus retroflexus with fungal pathogens". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602046.

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Amaranthus retroflexus is a common annual weed world-wide and causes substantial yield reduction in many crops. In this research program three main objectives were fulfilled: firstly the effect of certain environmental parameters on germination and emergence of A. retroflexus collected from Iran were determined; secondly, potential pathogen strains as biological control agents for A. retroflexus were identified; and finally the activity of a candidate biological control agent against the target weed under various environmental conditions and with different formulation were evaluated. Results of several experiments showed that under controlled conditions A. retroflexus seeds are able to germinate at a wide range of temperatures, water potentials, burial depths of seeds and soil types. However, the degree of success of germination and establishment of this plant were influenced by temperature, water potential, planting depth, soil type and interactions between these factors. A. retroflexus growth as favoured by high temperature (25-35C), high water availability (0 to -1 bar), shallow burial (0.5-1 cm) and lighter soil types. The objective of the second section of this project was to find a potential pathogen as a biological control agent for A. retroflexus. Initially a culture collection of Amaranthus pathogens, collected throughout Europe and Iran, were screened. The final results in pathogenicity tests showed that A. altemata strains 423, 780 and 930 and Aposphaeria amaranthi showed the greatest pathogenicity against A. retroflexus. The fungi of A. alternata strain 423 and Aposphaeria strain were able to control 100% of A. retroflexus plants under certain environmental conditions. Ascochyta caulina and an unidentified fungal strain 5-1 (collected from Iran) caused less disease development. These results clearly indicated the potential of A. alternata and Aposphaeria amaranthi as mycoherbicides. A. alternata strain 423 was shown to be more pathogenic than strains 780 and 930. A spore concentration of 107 spores ml-1 without application of oil emulsion or 106 spores ml-1 with oil formulation was required for good disease development. A. alternata species demonstrates potential for controlling A. retroflexus only when 16 hours of high humidity/leaf wetness were provided after spore application. Also for maximum activity of A. alternata, it had to be applied at 2-4-leaf growth stages of the weed seedlings. The optimum dew temperatures for 100% mortality were between 20 and 25C. The post inoculum temperature for giving maximum disease development was between 20 and 30C. Finally, for maximum control of A. retroflexus by A. alternata there should be no delay in the occurrence of dew after inoculation. Formulation of A. alternata spores in the rape-seed oil emulsion significantly increased disease development and decreased plant vigour and dry weight of A. retroflexus. This formulation caused a reduction in minimum spore density required in the spore suspensions and the length of dew period required for disease development. However, formulations of A. alternata, need to be further improved to reduce the requirement for a long dew period. Application of granules at emergence stage gave better control of A. retroflexus plants than application at the 4-leaf stage or application simultaneously with planting. Because A. alternata granule applications needed to be applied at very high levels, it is unlikely to be economically liable. Both formulations of Alternaria (spore suspensions (liquid) and granule (solid)) caused no serious infection in sugar-beet, maize and wheat plants.

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30

Kearsley, Harold John. "A theory on maritime power for the not-aligned not-nuclear naval powers, with Sweden and Ireland as case studies". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1990. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU027042.

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The study examines the maritime power of states not allied with either superpower and not dependent upon nuclear weapons for any portion of their defence. They are the Not-aligned, Not-nuclear, Naval (N-Cubed) states. A review of post 1945 naval theory is undertaken and a unique view of maritime power for N-Cubed states is presented. The changing maritime environment is detailed and the fact that conflict can be expected at any time, from violent peace to war, is established. Although land warfare is dominant, a navy's unique utility is presented. Based upon past precedents, seven naval missions are identified. An input/output model is used in examining the relationship between various 'inputs' or maritime characteristics with the 'output', naval missions and their hardware. A unique method of navy classification using technological level, size and power projection capability, is employed. Two European case studies, spanning a large technological spectrum and insuring the model is a valid tool to investigate different states, are employed. Sweden and Ireland's 'inputs' and the process by which they are transformed into specific naval missions or 'outputs' are examined. They were chosen because of their common European base but differing inputs and naval force structure. The investigation assesses their ability to meet mission commitments with an evaluation of gaps. The idea that European states can act as role models for other N-Cubed states is explored. The conclusions are that N-Cubed states are unique and require a unique theory on maritime power. The input/output model is an excellent guideline with flexibility in dealing with differing states. It suggests needs that many states are not dealing with. There exists much waste in economic, material and human resources which could be trimmed to a more cost-effective and responsive maritime defence structure.

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31

Young, Derek W. G. "Design, simulation and practical implementation of optimal excitation controllers for synchronous generators". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1987. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU010652.

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This thesis describes the design of multivariable excitation controllers for synchronous generators, and their practical implementation on a laboratory machine system. The main objectives of the investigation were aimed at extending the steady-state stability limit of the generator and improving its general controllability. The present work is principally concerned with the implementation and test of the designs. Instrumentation has been developed to measure and combine feedback signals; this instrumentation and the laboratory generator system are described in detail. The performances of the controllers are predicted by computer simulation and evaluated by practical testing; attention is focussed on comparison of predicted and experimental performances. The theoretical basis of the design strategy is described, in which an optimal control algorithm applies the system states as feedback signals to the open-loop system, thereby shifting certain of the system eigenvalues to more desirable, predetermined locations. The state variables are selected as physically measurable quantities which obviates the need for implementing state estimation techniques.

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32

Carneiro, Filipe Silva Pereira. "Projeto e desenvolvimento de um sistema de controle eletrônico de injeção direta de GNV em veículos movidos a gasolina/álcool". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2011. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/10423.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, 2011.
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O projeto descrito neste documento apresenta uma primeira abordagem ao desafio de se utilizar injeção de GNV (Gás Natural Veicular) em veículos movidos originalmente movidos à gasolina/álcool, utilizando para isso Lógica Nebulosa a fim de evitar-se cálculos complexos e a necessidade de armazenamento de mapas de correção. A estratégia empregada no projeto utiliza o tempo de injeção lido da UCE (Unidade de Controle Eletrônico) original de gasolina/álcool como base para determinar o tempo de injeção de GNV, e define uma correção baseada em Lógica Nebulosa, com sensores e o próprio tempo de injeção original como entradas e a correção sobre o tempo de injeção como saída. O desenvolvimento do projeto aconteceu em três grandes áreas: hardware, firmware e estratégia de injeção, todos sendo tratados neste documento. O hardware e o firmware foram especificados, projetados, desenvolvidos e testados, com bons resultados em todos os testes, provando sua capacidade em desempenhar as tarefas para as quais foram desenvolvidos: ler os sensores MAP, de rotação, de pressão de gás e de sonda lambda, ler o tempo de injeção original do veículo, emular os sensores MAP e de sonda lambda e atuar nos bicos injetores de GNV. A base de regras da Lógica Nebulosa foi criada a partir da observação de uma UCE de GNV comercial (previamente instalada no veículo), com o objetivo de fazer com que o projeto desenvolvido se comportasse o mais próximo possível a essa ECU. A partir de logs de campo da ECU comercial, a estratégia desenvolvida foi testada computacionalmente e esses testes apresentaram bons resultados. Resultados de campo, entretanto, mostraram a necessidade de aprofundamento do problema para que sejam promovidos alguns ajustes na Lógica Nebulosa. Os resultados atuais indicam que a base de regras deve ser desenvolvida por meio de testes de campo ao invés de simulações computacionais, como foi feito. Finalmente, a plataforma desenvolvida (hardware e firmware) foi capaz de manter o motor em funcionamento quando o tempo de injeção de GNV foi calculado a partir de uma correção fixa sobre tempo de injeção da ECU original. Portanto, a plataforma foi desenvolvida com sucesso, o que permite a experimentação de diferentes estratégias para cálculo do tempo de injeção de GNV (como foi feito com o controlador baseado em Lógica Nebulosa). ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The project described in this document presents a first approach to the challenge of using NGV (Natural Gas Vehicle) injection in gasoline/ethanol vehicles, by using fuzzy logic to avoid complex calculations and the need to store correction maps. The strategy employed in the project adopts the injection time read from the original ECU (Electronic Control Unit) of gasoline/alcohol as the first approach to determine the NGV injection time, and it defines a correction based on a fuzzy logic, with sensors and the original injection time itself as inputs and the correction as output. The designed project involved the design in three major areas: hardware, firmware and injection strategy, all of them being addressed by this document. The hardware and firmware have been specified, designed, developed and tested, with good results in all tests, proving their capacity to perform the tasks they have been designed for: reading MAP, rotation, gas pressure and lambda oxygen sensors, reading the original injection time, emulating MAP and lambda oxygen sensors and actuating in the NGV injector. The rule base of the fuzzy logic was created from the observation of a commercial NGV ECU (previously installed in the vehicle) in order to make the designed project to behave as close as possible to this ECU. From field logs of the commercial ECU, the designed strategy has been tested computationally, and these tests have shown good results. The field tests, however, have showed the need to delve into the problem in order to perform some adjusts in the fuzzy logic. The current results point out the idea of designing the rule base from field testing instead of the computational simulations as have been done. Finally, the developed platform (hardware and firmware) was capable to maintain the engine running when the injection time of NGV was calculated through a fixed correction in the injection time of the original ECU. Therefore, the platform has been successfully developed, which allows the experimentation of different strategies for calculating the NGV injection time (as performed with the developed fuzzy logic controller).

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33

Navickas, Albertas. "Cytoplasmic control of sense-antisense mRNA pairs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066381/document.

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Les récentes études transcriptomiques chez divers organismes ont montré que la transcription des gènes convergents peut produire des ARN messagers (ARNm) chevauchants. Ce phénomène a été analysé dans le contexte de l’interférence par ARN (ARNi) nucléaire, et peu d’information existe quant au destin cytoplasmique des messagers 3’ chevauchants ou leur impact sur l’expression des gènes. Dans ce travail, nous avons abordé les conséquences potentielles de l’interaction entre des paires d’ARNm sens-antisens chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae, un organisme modèle naturellement dépourvu de l’ARNi. Nous avons démontré que les extrémités 3’ complémentaires des ARNm peuvent interagir dans le cytoplasme et moduler la stabilité ainsi que la traduction d’ARNm. Nos résultats sont issus d’une étude détaillée d’une paire d’ARNm convergents, POR1 et OCA2, ensuite généralisée par l’approche de l’ARNi reconstituée chez S. cerevisiae. L’analyse globale a confirmé que dans les cellules sauvages, les paires d’ARNm sens-antisens forment des duplexes d’ARN in vivo et ont un rôle potentiel à moduler l’expression d’ARNm ou de protéines respectifs, dans des différentes conditions de croissance. Nous avons montré que le destin de centaines des messagers convergents est contrôlé par Xrn1, révélant l’importance de cette exoribonucléase 5’-3’ cytoplasmique très conservée dans la régulation post-transcriptionnelle des gènes convergents. Notre travail ouvre donc la perspective de considérer un nouveau mécanisme de l’interaction entre les paires d’ARNm sens-antisens dans le cytoplasme, chez les organismes contenant ou non la voie de l’interférence par ARN
Recent transcriptome analyses have revealed that convergent gene transcription can produce many 3’ overlapping mRNAs in diverse organisms. This phenomenon has been studied in the context of nuclear RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, however little is known about the cytoplasmic fate of 3’ overlapping messengers or their impact on gene expression. In this work, we address the outcomes of interaction between sense-antisense mRNA pairs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a model organism naturally devoid of RNAi. We demonstrate that the complementary tails of 3’ overlapping mRNAs can interact in the cytoplasm in a sequence-specific manner and promote post-transcriptional remodeling of mRNA stability and translation. Our findings are based on the detailed analysis of a convergent mRNA pair, POR1 and OCA2, subsequently generalized using the reconstituted RNAi approach in S. cerevisiae. Genome-wide experiments confirm that in wild-type cells, sense-antisense mRNA pairs form RNA duplexes in vivo and thus have potential roles in modulating the respective mRNA or protein levels under different growth conditions. We show that the fate of hundreds of messenger-interacting messengers is controlled by Xrn1, revealing the extent to which this conserved 5’-3’ cytoplasmic exoribonuclease plays an unexpected but key role in the post-transcriptional control of convergent gene expression. In sum, our work opens a perspective to consider an additional, cytoplasmic mechanism of interaction between sense-antisense mRNA pairs, in both RNAi-positive and negative organisms

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34

Navickas, Albertas. "Cytoplasmic control of sense-antisense mRNA pairs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2016PA066381.pdf.

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Les récentes études transcriptomiques chez divers organismes ont montré que la transcription des gènes convergents peut produire des ARN messagers (ARNm) chevauchants. Ce phénomène a été analysé dans le contexte de l’interférence par ARN (ARNi) nucléaire, et peu d’information existe quant au destin cytoplasmique des messagers 3’ chevauchants ou leur impact sur l’expression des gènes. Dans ce travail, nous avons abordé les conséquences potentielles de l’interaction entre des paires d’ARNm sens-antisens chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae, un organisme modèle naturellement dépourvu de l’ARNi. Nous avons démontré que les extrémités 3’ complémentaires des ARNm peuvent interagir dans le cytoplasme et moduler la stabilité ainsi que la traduction d’ARNm. Nos résultats sont issus d’une étude détaillée d’une paire d’ARNm convergents, POR1 et OCA2, ensuite généralisée par l’approche de l’ARNi reconstituée chez S. cerevisiae. L’analyse globale a confirmé que dans les cellules sauvages, les paires d’ARNm sens-antisens forment des duplexes d’ARN in vivo et ont un rôle potentiel à moduler l’expression d’ARNm ou de protéines respectifs, dans des différentes conditions de croissance. Nous avons montré que le destin de centaines des messagers convergents est contrôlé par Xrn1, révélant l’importance de cette exoribonucléase 5’-3’ cytoplasmique très conservée dans la régulation post-transcriptionnelle des gènes convergents. Notre travail ouvre donc la perspective de considérer un nouveau mécanisme de l’interaction entre les paires d’ARNm sens-antisens dans le cytoplasme, chez les organismes contenant ou non la voie de l’interférence par ARN
Recent transcriptome analyses have revealed that convergent gene transcription can produce many 3’ overlapping mRNAs in diverse organisms. This phenomenon has been studied in the context of nuclear RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, however little is known about the cytoplasmic fate of 3’ overlapping messengers or their impact on gene expression. In this work, we address the outcomes of interaction between sense-antisense mRNA pairs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a model organism naturally devoid of RNAi. We demonstrate that the complementary tails of 3’ overlapping mRNAs can interact in the cytoplasm in a sequence-specific manner and promote post-transcriptional remodeling of mRNA stability and translation. Our findings are based on the detailed analysis of a convergent mRNA pair, POR1 and OCA2, subsequently generalized using the reconstituted RNAi approach in S. cerevisiae. Genome-wide experiments confirm that in wild-type cells, sense-antisense mRNA pairs form RNA duplexes in vivo and thus have potential roles in modulating the respective mRNA or protein levels under different growth conditions. We show that the fate of hundreds of messenger-interacting messengers is controlled by Xrn1, revealing the extent to which this conserved 5’-3’ cytoplasmic exoribonuclease plays an unexpected but key role in the post-transcriptional control of convergent gene expression. In sum, our work opens a perspective to consider an additional, cytoplasmic mechanism of interaction between sense-antisense mRNA pairs, in both RNAi-positive and negative organisms

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35

Argo, Caroline McGregor. "Photoperiodic control of nutritional and reproductive cyclicity in the Soay sheep". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1986. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU547997.

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Conspicuous photoperiodically entrained, seasonal pattern of appetite, growth reproductive status and moult, have previously been identified in several species of ruminants inhibiting temperate latitudes. The principal objectives of this study were to characterise seasonal rhythmicity in the physiology of the Soay ram, and thereby investigate the mechanisms governing its control. A distinct 14&'37 sinusoidal cycle of predicted energy requirements for maintanance of body weight (264-204 kJ/kg W. 0.75 daily) was found to underlie the Autumnal 75&'37 fall in V.F.I. exhibited by the Soay ram. The cycle of metabolic rate thus revealed preceded that of appetite, suggesting a causal relationship. A 10&'37 seasonal change in digestibility inversely accompanied the seasonal cycles of V.F.I. and predicted maintenance requirements and was principally effected by a change in gut transit time which fell from 41.3 6.0 h during the rut to 25.8 3.6 h when V.F.I. was high. Pineal mediation of reproductive change is well documented. This study demonstrated the role of this gland in the photo-entrainment of the appetite cycle. Superior cervical ganglionectomy did not immediately result in the dissolution of nutritional or reproductive photo-induction although degeneracy of the system became apparent. Amplitude of the seasonal cycles studied was reduced following sympathectomy but synchrony with intact controls was retained during post-operative re-entrainment to a novel photoperiod. Expression of the appetite cycle is largely independent of reproductive change. Autoimmunisation of rams against LHRH produced gonadal involution in some of them, abolishing reproductive response to photoperiod, but the photoperiodically entrained cycle of appetite persisted, synchronous to that of intact controls. Immunocastrates demonstrated a 20&'37 diminution of the fall in V.F.I. from the zenith to nadir of the cycle. This was effected by the maintenance of a higher level of intake by the immunocastrates at the nadir of the cycle, in the absence of the superimposure of testosterone-related curtailment of V.F.I. during the rut.

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36

Palmer, Robert M. "The role of prostaglandins in the hormonal control of protein turnover". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1987. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU499302.

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Isolated muscles from the rabbit forelimb synthesised protein at a lower rate than that in the same muscles in vivo; rates of protein degradation were changed only slightly. Insulin stimulated protein synthesis and prostaglandin F2 release in isolated muscles incubated either under a constant tension or with mechanical stretching, having a greater effect on muscles from fasted rabbits. Inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis, indomethacin and meclofenamate, abolished these effects but had no effect on the controls (-insulin). When added two hours after insulin, indomethacin did not reduce the hormonally induced increase in protein synthesis whilst still reducing PG release, suggesting that prostaglandins are involved in the action of insulin on protein synthesis only at an early stage in the response. In muscles from fully fed rabbits dexamethasone reduced protein synthesis and PFG2 release, after a transient increase (during the first hour); in muscles from fasted animals the glucocorticoid reduced PG release only, suggesting that dexamethasone-induced reductions in protein synthesis and PG release may not be causally related. PGE2 release and the rate of protein degradation were generally affected similarly by the two hormones but to a lesser extent than PGF2 release and protein synthesis. The combined effect of the two hormones differed depending on the nutritional status of the donors. Together insulin and dexamethasone had antagonistic effects on muscles from fed animals, the stimulatory effect of insulin on protein synthesis being diminished by the glucocorticoid. In muscles from fasted rabbits dexamethasone did not affect the response to insulin. Phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins were extracted from incubated muscles. The anti-phospholipase activity of these proteins was increased by prior incubation with dexamethasone and was reduced, to control values or below, by incubation with dexamethasone + insulin. Some of the antagonistic effects of insulin and glucocorticoids may involve their opposing actions on phospholipase A2.

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37

Burnett, Fiona. "The biology and control of powdery scab (Spongospora subterranea) of potatoes". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1991. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU033918.

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The aim of this work was to develop improved control strategies for powdery scab based on a better understanding of the biology of the causal organism, the fungus Spongospora subterranea. Spongospora subterranea readily infected the roots of bait plants, and this was exploited to develop a bioassay using potato microplants. The bioassay proved sensitive enough to detect changes in the concentration of inoculum and was used for the fast and efficient screening of chemicals for control. The most critical determinant in the severity of disease developing on progeny tubers appeared not to be the initial level of inoculum. Experiments demonstrated that severe infections only develop when the initial inoculum was free to multiply vegetatively within the host roots: conditions such as wet soils that favoured the free movement of, and invasion by, zoospores enabled even low levels of inoculum to result in severe infections. Tubers were shown to be most susceptible to infection early in their growth. When a range of crop irrigation regimes were evaluated in the field, irrigation applied over the tuber initiation period significantly increased infection by powdery scab. The fungicidal effect of zinc ions was clearly demonstrated using the bioassay, and significant control in the field was achieved using zinc products of different solubilities as seed treatments. The most effective soil treatments were those that were moderately soluble but persisted in the soil. Thus, although zinc was shown to be a potential means of control, the studies of the biology of the fungus demonstrated the great importance of cultural control.

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38

Yalcin, Cengiz. "The economic impact of mastitis control procedures in Scottish dairy herds". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU083715.

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Mastitis is a costly disease. The recent changes in EU Milk Hygiene Regulations (EEC 92/46) have tremendously increased the importance of subclinical mastitis, hence the need for economically based mastitis control decisions in dairy farms. The majority of Scottish farmers use the widely recommended mastitis control procedures on the ground that cost benefit analyses of applying entire mastitis control programmes have shown substantial financial returns under experimental farm trials (Natzke et al., 1972; Scheper and Dijkhuizen, 1991). However, the usefulness of this traditional approach in terms of producing guidance on economic basis has been questioned since the economic law of 'diminishing marginal returns' applies to mastitis control expenditure (McInerney et al., 1992). Therefore, the mastitis control procedures which produce negative net returns cannot be detected by cost/benefit analysis of entire mastitis control programme since these would be masked by the positive effects of the other control procedures in the control programme. Subclinical mastitis cannot be seen but it is now identifiable by somatic cell count (SCC) records of which are becoming more widespread in Western countries. SCC records together with other mastitis control related records in Scotland now allow examination of marginal cost-effectiveness of a number of mastitis control programmes. The main objective of this study was therefore to use these records to test whether all mastitis control procedures used by Scottish dairy farmers are cost-effective. For this purpose multiple regression analysis was used to quantify the marginal impact of individual mastitis control procedures on milk yield depression and the probability of herds paying a bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) penalty due to the presence of subclinical mastitis. Possible interactions between mastitis control procedures and other management variables were tested. From this statistical analysis an economically optimum disease loss and disease control expenditure mix for subclinical mastitis was established, and the technical and economic efficiencies of Scottish farmers were assessed.

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39

White, Mary Linn. "The Effects of a Three-Hour, After School Bout of Sedentary vs Active Behavior on Reward and Cognitive Control Activation in 8- to 9-Year-Old Children: A Randomized Crossover Study". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7349.

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PURPOSE: To compare the effects of after-school sedentary versus active play on activation in the reward and cognitive control regions of the brain to pictures of high- and low-calorie foods. METHODS: 32 children (12 girls, 20 boys; age 8.7 Â± 0.5 years; height 137.9 Â± 6.9 cm; weight 32.4 Â± 6.2 kg) participated in a randomized crossover study with counterbalanced treatment conditions. Conditions took place on separate days after school and included three hours of active or sedentary play. After each condition, neural activation in reward and cognitive control regions of the brain were assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while participants completed a go/no-go task involving pictures of high- and low-calorie foods. General response inhibition was measured by the Stroop task. Hunger was measured upon arrival to the testing facility and just prior to fMRI scans. Mixed effects models were used to evaluate main and interaction effects. RESULTS: Significant stimulus by condition interactions were found in the right superior parietal cortex, right postcentral gyrus and accumbens area (p <<> 0.05). High- versus low-calorie pictures of food elicited significantly different activation bilaterally in the orbitofrontal cortex (p <<> 0.01). Stroop task performance diminished significantly following the sedentary condition compared to the active condition (F = 6.79, p <<> 0.01). Subjective feelings of hunger were not different between conditions at any point. CONCLUSION: Sedentary behavior significantly decreased response inhibition and brain activation to pictures of high-calorie foods in areas of the brain important to the modulation of food intake. Decreased attention, reward, and response inhibition, following sedentary behavior, may contribute to disinhibited eating that can lead to overweight and obesity.

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SILVA, Karla Alcione da. "Análise da eficiência de métodos de controle de Enchentes na atenuação de picos de cheias utilizando o modelo computacional SWMM Storm Water managemente model". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/645.

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This research presents an evaluation of the eficiency of four flood control measures applied to an urban basin in the city of Goiânia, State of Goiás, Brazil. Goiânia shows frequent flooding problems. The following factors have been identified as causes of the floodings: (1) significant number of impervious areas (2) lack of green areas, (3) insuficient capacity of the pipe network to convey the produced water volume. Small detention basins, infiltration trenches and the increase of permeable areas (30-50%) within parcels have been evaluated as flood control measures as well as the use of the Lago do Bosque dos Buritis as a detention basin. For this purpose, the Stormwater Management Model SWMM has been applied for evaluating 11 hypothetic management measures in the water basin. The later control measures were evaluated individually as combined. In determining the impervious area index of the studied area, field visits have been carried out, which showed high imperviousness. (86.16%). A synthetic rainfall time series, derived from the equation proposed by Costa e Brito (1999) with recurrence of 2 years, has been used in the simulations. Horton`s equation was applied to represent infiltration with parameters presented in Moura (2005). The scenario which combines the use of infiltration trenches and the increase of pervious areas to 50% has shown to be the best solution in reducing peak flow with 43% eficiency. On the other hand, the scenario using detention basins presented the smallest efficiency (3%).
O presente trabalho apresenta a avaliação da eficiência de quatro métodos de controle de enchentes em uma bacia urbana localizada na cidade de Goiânia, que apresenta graves problemas de inundação. Estes alagamentos devem-se a alguns fatores que foram levantados, tais como: muitas áreas impermeabilizadas, poucas áreas verdes e rede com dimensões pequenas e insuficientes para o escoamento de todo o volume produzido. Foram analisadas a implantação de microservatórios de detenção, trincheira de infiltração, o aumento da área permeável no interior do lotes (de 30% e 50%) e o uso dos lagos do Bosque dos Buritis como dispositivo de controle. Para tanto, procederam-se simulações no modelo computacional SWMM Storm Water Management Model em que foram avaliados 11 cenários hipotéticos na bacia, que consistiram na aplicação dos dispositivos de forma individual e em conjunto. Para a determinação do índice de impermeabilização da área estudada foi necessário realizar um levantamento em uma área amostra, o qual demonstrou uma média de 86.16% de impermeabilização em cada lote. A precipitação utilizada foi uma série sintética, determinada por meio da equação de chuva desenvolvida por Costa e Brito (1999) com tempo de recorrência adotado de 2 anos. Para representar a infiltração, optou-se por trabalhar com a equação de infiltração de Horton, segundo os parâmetros de Moura (2005). O cenário simulado com a implantação de trincheira de infiltração e o aumento da área permeável em 50% apresentou aproximadamente 43% de eficiência na redução da vazão de pico, indicando que essa poderia ser a melhor solução para o problema analisado, enquanto que o cenário com microreservatórios apresentou a menor eficiência, aproximadamente 3%.

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41

Birnie, Linda M. "Gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist and bovine ovarian function". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1995. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU543402.

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Imprecise control of bovine oestrus and ovulation and the highly variable nature of the superovulatory response impedes use of reproductive technologies. The use of GnRH to control antral follicle development and, hence, the oestrous cycle was investigated using 40 maiden heifers. Two GnRH agonist sources (Fertagyl; Receptal) were tested at two frequencies (24; 48 hour) and luteinising hormone release profile; and pattern of antral follicle and luteal development were monitored. Post cessation of GnRH treatment gonadotrophin was given at either a fixed or variable time relative to oestrus and superovulatory response assessed. Basal LH values were unaffected by treatment. Treatment at 24, but not 48 hour intervals resulted in reduced LH response values. Fertagyl 24 hour treatment stimulated increased numbers of follicles to grow to 3-5 mm and 6-9 mm but inhibited growth to 10 mm, maturation and ovulation. Four waves of follicular development occurred in GnRH agonist, but not control, animals. Luteolysis and oestrus was delayed in a proportion of animals challenged with prostaglandin during GnRH agonist treatment. Exogenous gonadotrophin given at fixed time (day 10 1 where oestrus = day 0) post cessation of treatment, elicited a greater superovulatory response than when given at variable time. There was a positive relationship between number of ovulations and viable embryos; and a negative relationship between body weight and progesterone concentration and consequently superovulatory response. High superovulatory responses were observed when gonadotrophin treatment was initiated in the presence of an active corpus luteum and the absence of a dominant follicle. It was concluded that GnRH agonist given every 24 hours depleted LH reserves; allowed selection and dominance of antral follicles, but not maturation and ovulation; precluded prostaglandin induced luteolysis in some animals; and increased ovulations and embryos when gonadotrophin treatment was at a fixed time.

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Paulo, Thiago Ferreira. "Controle adaptativo com desacoplamento aplicado a um sistema de tanques acoplados MIMO". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/20928.

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O controle de sistemas MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) ? muitas vezes realizado por v?rias malhas de controladores cl?ssicos que operam com restri??es e apresentam baixo desempenho. T?cnicas de controle adaptativo s?o uma alternativa interessante para aumentar o rendimento desses sistemas, como por exemplo os controladores MRAC (Model Reference Adaptive Control), que quando bem projetados, permitem que a din?mica da planta seja escolhida de maneira a seguir um modelo de refer?ncia. O presente trabalho apresenta uma estrat?gia de desacoplamento para um sistema MIMO de tr?s tanques acoplados e o projeto de um controlador MRAC para o mesmo.

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Knox, Oliver Gimli Gunning. "Exploiting nitrate respiration to optimise antagonistic control of root disease in soil". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602312.

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In soils of high matric potential, low oxygen conditions often develop that favour disease development by many soil-borne plant pathogens. The introduction of a third party, or biocontrol agent, to suppress disease development would require that the agent remains metabolically active under such conditions. In the rhizosphere, plant roots not only supply carbon as an electron donor but cause a localised lowering of oxygen concentrations, conditions favourable for nitrate respiration. The effect of the addition of nitrate on the activity of antagonistic strains of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. corrugata was studied in vitro on agar plates, but no significant (P 0.05) quantitative effect was observed . A sealed plate method, using aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic conditions with 0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 100mM nitrate concentrations was investigated using the B. subtilis strains. This assay tested the activity of antifungal volatiles (AFV) produced by the bacteria. The results indicated that nitrate led to an increased AFV production and/or activity against fungal pathogens under anoxic conditions with nitrate at or above 10 mM. To investigate root colonisation and the establishment of biocontrol colonies in the rhizosphere, lux marking of the biocontrol bacterial strains was undertaken. The transformed bioluminescent B. subtilis strains lost the ability to antagonise the test fungi on agar plates. This loss of antagonism appeared to be due to luciferase utilising metabolites involved in antibiosis and producing a low, but significantly different (P ?0.05) from background and parental strains level of luminescence. The effects of nitrate on a soil based biocontrol system were studied in greenhouse trials. Unfortunately, disease failed to develop, and the effects of the addition of nitrate could not be assessed. The potential involvement of nitrate in maintaining certain biocontrol aspects under conditions that favour pathogen attack seems likely from in vitro based studies. The removal of the antagonistic phenotype, from lux marked B. subtilis strains, raised questions as to the suitability of luciferase for use in this system and highlighted the need for careful monitoring and screening of genetically modified organisms.

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44

Ross, Sarah. "Towards better blood pressure control : the effect of patients' and doctors' attitudes". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2004. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU186792.

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Study aims were: Description of health beliefs and beliefs about medicines in patients with hypertension using questionnaires based on the self-regulatory model; Examination of the relationships between these beliefs; Assessment of patient compliance and the relationship between beliefs and compliance; Evaluation of current GP practices in the management of hypertension using self-report, clinical vignettes review of prescription data and audit of an actual GP practice; Assessment of GP's cognitions in the management of hypertension in the elderly using the theory of planned behaviour; and Integration of information from both patient and doctors. A complex picture of patients' beliefs about hypertension and its treatment were found. The most important beliefs in relation to compliance were about the necessity of therapy and perception of personal control of hypertension. Emotional response to hypertension was also important. A number of demographic variables were also important, most noticeably patients' age. From this information, we suggest that compliance may be more consistently predicted by illness and medication beliefs than has been found with other factors in the past. We propose that the effects of various demographic variables may be mediated through beliefs and attitudes. We found a number of areas where current medical practice in primary care could be improved which in turn would impact hypertension control. These range from methods of measuring blood pressure, to treatment targets and choice of anti-hypertensive agents. Doctors' thought-process may be involved, but although we could show that these fit the theory of planned behaviour, relating these to actual practice was more challenging. Overall, this thesis highlights areas for further research but more importantly potential targets for interventions to improve patients' compliance and doctors' management practices. Both approaches are needed to improve the control of hypertension and reduce the burden of cardiovascular and stroke disease.

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Leighton, Fiona C. "Spore germination and autoinhibitor control in the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1985. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU362762.

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Conditions were optimised for the production, germination and emergence of Dictyostelium discoideum V-12 and NC-4H spores, whereas Ax-2 spores failed to germinate under these conditions. The best method of activating spores for germination proved to be heat-shock treatment. Dimethyl- sulphoxide was less efficient; peptone was not effective in this study. Washed and unwashed V-12 and NC-4-H spores attained maximum levels of germination (90-100%), and emergence (80-100%), when incubated under "shake" conditions at concentrations up to 2-5x108 spores ml-1. From this approach there was no evidence for autoinhibitor activity with respect to spore crowding. At extremely high concentrations, 1.5x109 spores ml-1, oxygen deprivation resulted in inhibition of respiration and germination in both washed, and unwashed, NC-4H cultures. Addition back of washings to spores, at concentrations 30-fold higher than those found by extraction, failed to demonstrate any inhibition of germination of NC-4H spores. Inhibition of NC-4H spore germination (50%) was demonstrated with crude spore extract at levels of 10-15mg ml-1 and 100% inhibition of germination at 20mg ml-1. 3mg crude extract per 0.2ml assay inhibited spore germination (107 spores ml-1) by 50% (this is defined as 1 SG1 unit). Although certain physiological factors affected germination, e.g. osmotic pressure, ionic strength and extremes of pH, spore germination inhibitor (SG1) activity appeared to be spore concentration dependent, indicating the presence of a specific substance, rather than an environmental effect. In this study, the SG1 extract, isolated and taken through purification procedures, was characterised as follows :- 1) the substance was acidic in nature, 2) it showed U.V. absorbing characteristics around 260nm, 3) the Rf value was 0.06-0.20 using paper chromatography with n-butanol : acetic acid : water (4:1:2) solvent system, and 4) it was pale yellow in colour and showed slight fluorescence under U.V. (366nm). Purification profiles indicated the SG1 extract NOT 2 to be N2 -dimethylguanosine or discadenine. Although cytokinin activity was present in crude autoinhibitor extracts such activity was not always associated with the SGI on purification. Considering these findings the identity and precise role of autoinhibitors in germination is discussed.

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Tangerino, Giovana Tripoloni. "Sistemas de sensoriamento embarcado para uso em controle de aplicações de insumos agrícolas à taxa variável". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18145/tde-02032010-153816/.

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O desenvolvimento de sistemas com capacidade de unir ferramentas tecnológicas é de grande importância para oferecer apoio à Agricultura de Precisão e estimular a criação de grupos interdisciplinares para obter resultados favoráveis à produtividade agrícola. O objetivo desse trabalho é estudar as aplicações de sensoriamento embarcado em máquinas agrícolas, explorando a interface da agricultura com a computação e as engenharias mecânica e elétrica por meio de conceitos e tecnologias de sistemas de medidas. Foram desenvolvidos dois sistemas de sensoriamento embarcados. No primeiro realizou-se coleta de informações sobre refletância e altura das plantas em cultura de cana-de-açúcar. No segundo realizou-se coleta de informações e controle de aplicação de fertilizantes à taxa variável baseado em informações de refletância em cultura de milho. Utilizou-se os sensores Crop Circle (medidas de refletância para monitoramento de status da planta), Sonar (medida de altura de plantas) e GPS (Sistema de Posicionamento Global), com os quais foram realizados ensaios para determinar possíveis fontes de erro em uma operação agrícola. Os sistemas desenvolvidos cumpriram o papel de integradores de conhecimento, possibilitando observações práticas sobre necessidades, falhas e acertos no desenvolvimento de sistemas embarcados para uso em aplicações agrícolas
The development of systems able to join different technological tools is very important in order to provide support for Precision Agriculture and it stimulates the creation of interdisciplinary teams to obtain favorable results to increase agricultural productivity. The main goal of this work is to study applications of embedded sensing systems in agricultural machines, exploring the interface between computer science, mechanical, electrical, and agricultural engineering using concepts and technologies of measurement systems. It was developed two on board sensing systems. The first system collected the data of crop reflectance and plant height in sugar cane growing area. The second one controlled the variable rate fertilizer distribution based on reflectance of maize crop. Were used the sensors Crop Circle (reflectance to monitor the status of the plant), Sonar (plant height) and GPS (Global Positioning System), which were applied to detect some possible error sources during field operation. The systems developed fulfilled the role of integrating knowledge, providing practical observations about the needs, failures and successes in developing embedded systems for use in agricultural production

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47

Murad, Abdul Munir Abdul. "The role of NRG1 in the control of cellular morphogenesis in Candida albicans". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602288.

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This thesis describes the isolation and characterisation of the C. albicans NRG1 gene, which encodes a repressor of filamentous growth in this pathogenic fiingus. A C. albicans SBP1 cDNA was previously isolated in a screen for transacting factors that bind to a STRE-like element (consensus sequence: CCCCT) (Leng, 1999). In S. cerevisiae, STRE is a stress-responsive element that is required for the regulation of many stress-responsive genes (Marchler et al., 1993). In C. albicans, this element had been identified in the promoters of two hypha-specific genes, ALS8 and HYR1. Since many conditions that induce yeast-hypha morphogenesis in C. albicans impose a stress, it was proposed that the STRE- binding protein (Sbpl) might influence yeast-hypha morphogenesis and/or stress responses in this human pathogen. The cDNA was then used to isolate the complete C. albicans SBP1 locus by colony hybridisation. Both the cDNA and gene were sequenced, revealing an ORF capable of encoding a protein of 310 amino acids containing a C2H2-zinc finger motifs near its C-terminus. The zinc finger region of this protein displayed the highest sequence similarity to S. cerevisiae NRG1 (67 % identity), and hence the gene was renamed CaNRGl. To examine the role of CaNrgl, a C. albicans nrgl/nrgl null mutant and a mutant over-expressing the NRG1 gene were created. Overexpression of NRG1 did not reveal any obvious phenotypes, but inactivation of NRG1 caused constitutive filamentous and invasive growth, as well as increased sensitivity to some stresses. Also, the expression of the hypha-specific genes, ALS8, ECE1, HWP1 and HYR1, was derepressed in the nrgl/nrgl mutants. Similar phenotypes were observed for a C. albicans tupl/tupl null mutant. These observations suggest that Nrgl represses filamentous growth in C. albicans, possibly by recruiting Tupl to specific promoters. Unlike the tupl/tupl mutant, nrgl/nrgl cells formed normal hyphae following pH and serum stimulation, they generated chlamydospores at normal rates, and they grew at 42 C. Transcript profiling of 2002 C. albicans genes revealed that Nrgl regulates a subset of Tupl-repressed genes, which includes known hypha- specific genes and some virulence factors. The data also showed that Tupl regulates other genes, which are not regulated by Nrgl, including glucose sensitive genes, amino acid and sterol biosynthesis genes, and genes encoding other virulence determinants. Taken together, this study demonstrates that Nrgl is a transcriptional repressor that regulates a set of functions required for yeast-hypha morphogenesis and virulence in C. albicans.

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48

Higuita, Didier Mauricio Chavarriaga. "Biological control of Fusarium spp. and other soil-borne pathogens on tree seedlings". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2003. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602315.

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Soil borne fungi isolated from forest areas and nurseries in North east of Scotland using baiting techniques, were identified using classical taxonomy and molecular methods (PCR amplification of ITS regions; restriction digestion; sequencing of PCR products) as Fusarium lateritium, F. tricinctum, F. sambucinum, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Pythium ultimum var. ultimum and Rhizoctonia binucleate (Ceratobasidium sp.). Virulence was tested in vitro on young seedlings of Pinus sylvestris and Alnus glutinosa, and Koch's postulates fulfilled through reisolation of the pathogens and confirmation of fungal penetration into host tissues. Root growth was measured using the Winrhizo program, and dry weights recorded. Symptoms on aerial parts were assessed using a categorical scale from 0 (healthy) to 5 (damage > 76%). Fusarium spp. caused significant different (P 0.01) symptom intensity on both host plants. However, no significant difference in root growth was found between treatments and control (P 0.05). The effects of different compost treatments on disease development in seedlings of both hosts inoculated with the same fine root pathogens was tested in the glasshouse confirming the virulence of the fungal pathogens on P. sylvestris and A. glutinosa seedlings. Although mean dry weights of P. sylvestris and A. glutinosa varied between compost treatments, differences were not significantly different. Isolation, characterization and identification of bacterial isolates, Bacillus subtilis B1, fluorescent pseudomonads B4 and B5 with antagonistic action against pathogens were also carried out. These isolates along with the known bacterial antagonists Bacillus subtilis MB600, MB205 and Pseudomonas corrugata R117 were used for biological control in vitro and in planta experiments using Alnus glutinosa or Pinus sylvestris seedlings. All bacterial isolates colonized root systems of both tree species. Higher numbers of bacterial cells were observed on roots of A. glutinosa than on P. sylvestris roots. High bacterial cell numbers were observed in plants of both tree species inoculated with fluorescent pseudomonads B4 or B5. In vitro antagonism on agar plates, indicated by inhibition in fungal colony diameter growth, was recorded for F. tricinctum, F. lateritium and F. sambucinum, Pythium ultimum var. ultimum and Phythophthora cinnamomi with all bacterial isolates tested (P 0.05). Biological control of the fine root pathogens on Pinus sylvestris and Alnus glutinosa seedlings by bacteria semi in vivo in test tubes was carried out with various responses in both tree hosts. All bacterial treatments resulted in a lower sporangium germination rate for P. ultimum var. ultimum than was found in controls (P 0.05). Effect of the bacterial isolates separately on growth and disease development in Pinus sylvestris and Alnus glutinosa seedlings inoculated with the pathogens under glasshouse conditions using autoclaved compost was tested. The bacterial isolates had various effects against the pathogens, although in most cases no significant differences were observed relative to controls. Further soil-based trials were carried out in the glasshouse to achieve control of root disease development on Pinus sylvestris and Alnus glutinosa using a combination of different antagonists, based on a mixture of the bacterial isolates used previously and Trichoderma koningii (TC6-Colombia). None of the antagonistic treatments showed a clear antagonistic effect in Pinus sylvestris against the fungal infections compared to control plants inoculated with the pathogens alone. In contrast, in Alnus glutinosa plants T. koningii co-inoculation improved plant growth in several of the growth parameter measured.

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Johansson, Andreas. "Bitefficient Coding Methods for Low Bitrate MPEG-1/MPEG-2 Encoders". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-744.

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The packing and coding of digital video is a part of science where much innovation has taken place during the last few decades. The MPEG standards of video encoding are some of the most well-known and used video coding standards today. Since MPEG defines exact requirements for the decoder, but not the encoder, encoders can be made in many different ways and levels of complexity, as long as they produce legal MPEG streams that can be viewed on any MPEG-conformant decoder. This thesis will examine the possible performance of MPEG, in particular MPEG-1/MPEG-2 full TV resolution (720*576), for coding video at bitrates significantly lower than the 2-15 Mb/s MPEG-2 originally was designed for. For this purpose, encoding methods previously proposed by various researchers are presented. Furthermore a few new algorithms, which can be used for MPEG coding in general, but was constructed with a low-bitrate encoder in mind, were developed. Finally objective video quality benchmarks were conducted and the results evaluated.

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50

Lee, Suk Jung. "Application of the European arms control model with particular reference to the Korean peninsula". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1993. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU060538.

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The objective of this thesis is to design a Korean arms control model through the application of the European arms control models to the Korean Peninsula. In order to construct a theoretical framework the thesis analyses the overall utilities of arms control as an element of security policy and technical guides for the application through analysis of processes, targets, outcomes and impacts of the European arms control framework; CSCE, CBMs, MBFR and CFE. It also examines the particular points of German arms control policies as a divided state and position on the front-line of the European Cold War theatre with a view to considering its relevance to the Korean situation. The thesis argues that the European conventional arms control model constitute a universal security formula between actual and potential enemies beyond Europe. Given the similarities of security situations and arms control approaches and proposals in particular, and the same expectation and prediction of the results between the two regions, Korean arms control is the most suitable case for small-scale application of the European model. In the collective arms control talks, the German arms control policies, which required the separation of arms control and unification problem on the basis of the co-existence of the divided states and political stability as a means of overcoming security problems of front-line of the Cold War, present the most suitable alternative for the Korean arms control. The arms control measures which were proposed through the dialogues between the two German states or their parties are the most appropriate practical measures applicable to the Korean security problem.

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