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Dunn, Sarah I. "Characterisation of Cytochrome c peroxidase: A vaccine candidate for Neisseria gonorrhoeae". Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/403639.
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an obligate human pathogen and the causative agent of gonorrhoea, a sexually transmitted infection. Over 100 million cases of gonorrhoea are reported globally each year. Antibiotics have been widely used to treat gonorrhoea. However, with the recent emergence of multi-drug resistance strains, gonorrhoea has been recognised as a major public health challenge and a vaccine for N. gonorrhoeae is urgently required. Previously, vaccine development has been challenging due to the bacteria’s ability to avoid and modulate the hosts immune response. Conserved surface components of N. gonorrhoeae have been identified and due to the bacteria’s variability, the use of a combination of antigens has been proposed as the optimal approach for development of a N. gonorrhoeae vaccine. This study aims to characterise Cytochrome c peroxidase (Ccp) as a potential vaccine candidate for N. gonorrhoeae. We have characterised Ccp by evaluating this outer membrane proteins expression and cell localisation in a panel of N. gonorrhoeae strains, and the immunogenicity and functional activity of antibodies raised to a recombinant Ccp protein.
In Western blot and whole cell enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses, it was found that Ccp was expressed in all N. gonorrhoeae strains analysed in this study. However, the surface exposure of Ccp was variable across this panel of N. gonorrhoeae strains. In a whole cell ELISA, we found there was a higher level of absorbance detected for Ccp in N. gonorrhoeae strain 1291 at the highest serum dilutions, compared to a Ccp mutant strain. In a flow cytometric analysis, we also found that there was a higher level of fluorescence detected for Ccp in N. gonorrhoeae strain 1291, compared to a Ccp mutant strain. N. gonorrhoeae strain 1291 was then analysed via trypsin digestion. After multiple repeats the results were inconclusive, where although the intensity of Ccp did decrease, inconsistencies were observed in the level of decrease seen. A panel of 14 N. gonorrhoeae strains were then analysed via trypsin digestion. The signal for Ccp decreased in 11 strains, indicating cell surface exposure of Ccp. However, the signal for Ccp did not decrease in three strains, indicating that Ccp was not surface exposed in all the N. gonorrhoeae strains analysed. The ccp sequences from the panel of N. gonorrhoeae strains were then analysed to determine if there were any differences between the strains that could impact the cellular localisation of Ccp in these strains. A single base pair difference was present in nearly half of the N. gonorrhoeae strains analysed in this study. However, no correlation was found between the surface exposure of Ccp in N. gonorrhoeae, as predicted by the trypsin digestion analysis, and the presence of this single base pair difference.
Antibodies raised to the recombinant Ccp protein were then analysed in Western blot and whole cell ELISA analyses, with N. gonorrhoeae strain 1291 and the panel of N. gonorrhoeae strains. The recombinant protein was found to be immunogenic in murine models with a dominant Immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 response, and the antibodies raised to recombinant Ccp protein were cross-reactive with all N. gonorrhoeae strains analysed. Antibodies raised to the recombinant Ccp protein were also analysed in a serum bactericidal activity (SBA) assay with N. gonorrhoeae strains 1291 and World Health Organisation (WHO) K. We found that antibodies raised against recombinant Ccp protein did not promote complement mediated killing via serum bactericidal activity.
Our data indicated that Ccp would not be suitable in a single protein vaccine due to the variability of its surface expression, since it would only be recognised by vaccine induced antibodies in strains that express this protein on the surface of the bacterium. However, the proteins conservation and ability to induce an immune response may make it a candidate for a small component in a multicomponent vaccine for N. gonorrhoeae, if antibodies were found to be able to neutralise the function of Ccp. The multicomponent nature would prevent vaccine escape by strains that do not express Ccp on the surface of this bacterium.Thesis (Masters)
Master of Medical Research (MMedRes)
School of Medical Science
Griffith Health
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Berglund, Torsten. "Recent trends in the epidemiology of gonorrhoea in Sweden : the role of importation and core groups /". Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-692-1/.
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Chen, I.-Cheng Mark. "Gonorrhoea and resistant gonorrhoea in England and Wales : epidemiological modelling for insight and control". Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590549.
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Ross, Jonathan Denys Crawford. "The epidemiology of gonococcal serovars in Edinburgh 1990-1993". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282707.
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With the advent of gonococcal stereotyping many areas have reported wide differences in their prevalence of different strains of infection. This study was designed in an attempt to correlate a variety of clinical markers of infection and characteristics of the organism with the observed serovar pattern. All patients with a laboratory diagnosis of gonorrhoea in Edinburgh between January 1990 and December 1993, most of whom attended the Genitourinary Medicine clinic, were included in the study. For comparison a more limited analysis was also performed on patients attending Genitourinary Medicine clinics and gonorrhoea in Glasgow between 1990 and 1992, Aberdeen in 1992 and Newcastle in 1992. 508 patients infected with 23 different serovars were seen over the 4 year period in Edinburgh. The commonest serovars isolated in Edinburgh were 1A-2, 1A,-6, 1A-16, 1B-1, 1B-2, 1B-3, 1B-6 and 1B-7 accounting for 88% of all infections. As predicted each of the four areas demonstrated differing serovar patterns with a small number of common serovars accounting for the majority of infections and larger number of serovars which were only isolated infrequently. A number of factors appeared to influence the variation in serovars: antibiotic resistance, serovar mutation, sexual mixing patterns, and immune response to infection and asymptomatic strains of infection. Although individual factors do not have a marked influence on the pattern of gonococcal serovars in Edinburgh they may act in combination with the background selective pressures within the environment. Sexual mixing patterns, which are difficult to measure, make determining the relative role of each individual factor inaccurate.
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Cole, Michelle Jayne. "Extended-spectrum β-lactamases and Neisseria gonorrhoeae : pre-empting a mechanism that could abolish cephalosporins for the treatment of gonorrhoea". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2015. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/extendedspectrum-lactamases-and-neisseria-gonorrhoeae(a32240b8-c498-4dc3-b276-6491bbc32bf2).html.
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a public health concern due to increasing numbers of cases of gonorrhoea and the ability of the organism to develop antimicrobial resistance. N. gonorrhoeae can harbour β-lactamase plasmids that encode TEM-1 penicillinase, but do not produce extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). ESBLs are active against the last remaining option for gonorrhoea monotherapy, ceftriaxone. The aim of this research was to establish what resistance mechanisms in N. gonorrhoeae could abolish the effectiveness of ceftriaxone for the treatment of gonorrhoea. Investigations into the genetic diversity of blaTEM alleles in gonococcal isolates from 2012 detected a high proportion of blaTEM-135 alleles (27%). Only a single specific mutation near the β-lactamase active site could result in TEM-135 penicillinase evolving into an ESBL. Electroporation was established for the transformation of native gonococcal resistance plasmids into N. gonorrhoeae, and was then used in attempts to transfer the enteric plasmid pEK204 (harbouring blaCTX-M-3 and blaTEM-1) into gonococcal strains. Electroporation and natural transformation were additionally used to transform gonococci with blaCTX-M-3 and blaTEM-10 genes. Five transformants were detected using blaTEM-10 and these all showed increased minimum inhibitory concentrations of ceftriaxone. The lack of success in uptake of pEK204 and blaCTX-M-3 was probably due to large plasmid size and lack of recombination site, respectively. Nevertheless, gonococcal β-lactamase plasmids were successfully transferred into clinical strains of the multidrug-resistant clone N. gonorrhoeae ST1407, suggesting that this could also happen in natural mixed gonococcal infections. In summary, it is encouraging that no further blaTEM alleles were detected and that N. gonorrhoeae was not able to express a CTX-M-type ESBL. However, the expression of TEM-10 ESBL is concerning and this work is the first report of ESBL activity in gonococci, albeit in vitro. It is essential to continue antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance and to develop molecular surveillance to detect rapidly the emergence of an ESBL in N. gonorrhoeae.
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Turner, Katherine Mary Elizabeth. "Mathematical models of gonorrhoea and chlamydia : biology, behaviour and interactions". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/1303.
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Gonorrhoea and chlamydia are curable, bacterial, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) of humans, with important long term consequences for health. Their epidemiology and biology are reviewed in chapter one. The way the biology of the organisms and the behaviour of human hosts interact to influence the patterns of infection and the potential impact of interventions is the subject of the main body of the thesis. Mathematical models are presented, together with empirical data, to gain a better understanding of the epidemiology of gonorrhoea and chlamydia. New approaches are applied, using more complex measures of disease occurrence including reinfection (subsequent infection by the same organism) or coinfection (infection with both organisms simultaneously). Coinfection with gonorrhoea and chlamydia is investigated in chapter two. The third chapter investigates the importance of heterogeneity in human behaviour (i.e. level of sexual activity, mixing patterns within and between populations) on the spread of disease in subpopulations, using a model incorporating race, gender and sexual activity level. This was parameterised and validated using data collected in South East London. In chapter four, models of reinfection are used to investigate the interaction of population level parameters such as degree of assortative mixing and rates of reinfection. In chapter five, the characteristics of individuals coinfected with both organisms are shown to provide additional information useful in determining how infection is distributed across a population. The biology of the organism is demonstrated, in the fifth chapter, to play an important role in the prevalence and incidence of disease within the host population. The impact of the emergence of resistant or asymptomatic phenotypes under selective pressure by different treatment regimens is quantified using a two strain model, including asymptomatic and symptomatic infections. The final chapter considers the contribution of the research and discusses the implications of the results for STI intervention strategies.
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Ussher, Greg. "'The medical gaze and the watchful eye' : the treatment, prevention and epidemiology of venereal diseases in New South Wales c.1901 - 1925". University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3565.
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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)From Federation in 1901 through the first three decades of the twentieth century there was a perceptible shift in modes of rule in New South Wales (NSW) related to the management of venereal diseases. At the beginning of the twentieth century a medicopenal approach was central. By 1925, persuasion and ‘responsibilisation’ were becoming important modes, and young people rather than ‘case-hardened prostitutes' were assessed as being a ‘venereal’ risk. Framing this period were three important legislative developments which informed, and were informed by, these shifts: the NSW Prisoners Detention Act 1909, the NSW Select Committee into the Prevalence of Venereal Diseases 1915 and the NSW Venereal Diseases Act 1918. At its core this thesis is concerned with examining shifting modes of rule. This thesis closely examines each. I suggest that these modes of rule can be viewed through the lens of biopolitics, and following Foucault, deploy the ‘medical gaze’ and the ‘watchful eye’ as constructs to examine the relationship between the government of self, government of others and government of the state. I use the medical gaze to describe not only the individual venereal patient attending a hospital and the body of the patient diagnosed with syphilis and/or gonorrhoea, but most importantly to describe the power relationship between the medical practitioner, the teaching hospital and the patient. I use the watchful eye in a more overarching way to suggest the suite of techniques and apparatus deployed by government to monitor and regulate the venereal body politic, both the populations perceived to be posing a venereal risk, and populations at risk of venereal infection. In relation to the venereal body and the venereal body politic, I analyse three fundamental aspects of the management of venereal diseases: treatment, prevention and epidemiology. Treatment: Over this period, treatment moved from lock institutions to outpatient clinics. Embodied in this change was a widespread institutional ambivalence towards treating venereal patients. I contend that treatment of venereal diseases was painful, prolonged and punitive precisely because of the moral sickness perceived to be at the iv heart of venereal infection. I track this ambivalence to a systemic fear of institutional ‘venerealisation’, which decreased perceptibly across the period. Closely analysing surviving patient records, I argue that in their conduct, venereal patients were often compliant, conscientious and responsible. Prevention: I argue that preventative approaches to venereal diseases became increasingly complex, and operated in three domains – preventative medicine (diagnosis, treatment and vaccination); public health prevention (notification, isolation and disinfection); and prevention education (social purity campaigns and sex hygiene). An emerging plethora of community-based organisations and campaigns began to shift the sites and practices of power. Epidemiology: I suggest that there was a shift from danger to risk in the conceptualisation of venereal diseases. This shift necessitated a focus on factors affecting populations, as opposed to factors affecting individuals. This in turn led to the deployment of various techniques to monitor the conduct of venereal populations. The NSW Venereal Diseases Act 1918 created two important new venereal categories: the ‘notified person’ and the ‘defaulter,’ both of which came to permeate renditions of venereal patients throughout the 20th century.
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Renton, Adrian Mark. "The epidemiology of gonorrhoea in adults and its sexual behavioural determinants". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283441.
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Rytkönen, Anne. "Molecular studies of Neisseria - host cell interactions /". Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-018-4/.
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Hiltunen-Back, Eija. "Epidemiology of syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia trachomatis infection in Finland in the 1990s". Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2002. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/kliin/vk/hiltunen-back/.
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McMillan, Noto Jennifer. "Analysis of the mechanism of transferrin-iron acquisition by Neisseria gonorrhoeae". Online version unavailable until 9/16/2013, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/2294.
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Templeton, David James Public Health & Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "The role of circumcision and pharyngeal STIs in HIV and STI transmission among homosexual men". Publisher:University of New South Wales. Public Health & Community Medicine, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43239.
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This thesis presents data on two separate areas relevant to the prevention of HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) transmission in homosexual men. These data arise from the community-based Health in Men (HIM) cohort of HIV-negative homosexual men in Sydney. First, the association of circumcision status with HIV and STIs was examined. Older age, ethnicity and country of birth were demographic factors independently associated with circumcision status. Self-report was a valid measure of circumcision status in this population. Overall, being circumcised was associated with a non-significant reduced risk of HIV seroconversion in the HIM cohort (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.41-1.41, p=0.381). Among the one-third of participants predominantly practising the insertive role in anal intercourse (AI), being circumcised was associated with a significantly reduced risk of HIV infection (HR 0.15, 95% CI 0.03-0.80, p=0.026). Circumcised HIM participants also had a lower risk of incident syphilis (HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.15-0.84, p=0.019), however circumcision status had no significant effect on the remainder of prevalent and incident STIs examined. Second, risk factors for pharyngeal gonorrhoea and chlamydia were investigated. The BD ProbeTec nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) had a positive predictive value (PPV) for pharyngeal gonorrhoea diagnosis of only 30.4% (95% CI 25.2-36.1%) when compared to a previously validated NAAT targeting the gonococcal porA pseudogene. Pharyngeal gonorrhoea was common in HIM, mostly occurred without concurrent anogenital infection and may frequently spontaneously resolve. Infection was independently associated with younger age (p-trend=0.001), higher number of male partners (p-trend=0.002), contact with gonorrhoea (p<0.001) and insertive oro-anal sex with casual partners (p-trend=0.044). Pharyngeal chlamydia was less common but a high prevalence/incidence ratio suggested that infection may persist in the pharynx for long periods. Pharyngeal chlamydia was independently associated with receptive penile-oral sex with casual partners (p-trend=0.009). In conclusion, circumcision may have a role as an HIV prevention intervention among the subgroup of homosexual men who predominantly practise insertive rather than receptive AI. Regular screening of the pharynx including a validated supplemental NAAT for gonorrhoea diagnosis may prevent much transmission to anogenital sites, whereas chlamydia occurs too infrequently in the pharynx to recommend routine screening in homosexual men.
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Schweikardt, Christoph. "General Practice Research Networks in Belgium: Development, Context and their Contribution to the Monitoring of Sexually Transmitted Infections". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/287427.
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This thesis is devoted to general practice (GP) networks in Belgium, their development and their activities within the Belgian health system context. These networks are specific research tools for the repeated or continuous collection and analysis of data related to diseases and other health events observed in general practice, including interventions of general practitioners. The thesis focuses on three not-for-profit general practice research networks which are operational today: (1) the national Network of Sentinel General Practices (SGP), coordinated by the Federal research institute Sciensano; (2) the Flemish Intego network, coordinated by the Academic Center for General Practice of Catholic University Leuven; (3) the network of the Fédération des maisons médicales et des collectifs de santé francophones (FMM) with its Monitoring Chart (Tableau de bord), which collects data from Wallonia and the Brussels-Capital Region. The thesis is divided into a general introduction, three main parts and a final discussion with concluding remarks. The general introduction outlines the importance of data from general practice and the contribution of GP networks to research. Furthermore, it points out the importance of general practice for the control of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), a specific field of action. The first main part of the thesis investigates the research question of how the three GP research networks developed within the specific context of the Belgian health system. It is based on the interpretation of written sources such as project reports, annual network reports, research publications, parliamentary documents, relevant websites and the existing research literature. The context analysis included a comparison with the Netherlands since the latter have strong traditions with regard to the position of the general practitioner in the health system (gatekeeper to secondary care, whereas in Belgium the patient generally chooses his/her health provider, and a Global Medical File administered by the general practitioner is not mandatory in Belgium), to general practice research networks and computerisation. It could be shown (1) that Belgium has held a middle position in the European Union regarding GP computerisation; (2) that, contrary to the Netherlands, an operational national GP network based on data from electronic health records (EHRs) could not be established; and (3) that Belgian health system computerisation, which advanced substantially in the last decade, put the issue of health data collection and storage by a new digital service on the agenda. Subsequently, three sub-chapters focus on the development of the three GP networks from their foundation until today. They demonstrate that the SGP and Intego were founded as innovative tools originating from Flemish general practice research, whereas the Monitoring Chart originated from the dynamism of Integrated Primary Health Care Centres (IPHCCs, Maisons médicales) in French-speaking Belgium. Acting as health observatories was both part of the mission of the IPHCCs and the demand of the Regional governments. With time, the research designs of the three GP networks became more sophisticated. Furthermore, European cooperation of the SGP with other GP networks since the late 1980s stands out, since the vision to establish a European sentinel general practice network led to joint influenza surveillance as one of its lasting achievements. In continuation of the developments described above, the second main part of the thesis addresses the missions and the organisation of the three GP networks today as well as their respective strengths and limitations in comparative perspective. It is based on network publications and reports, relevant websites and informal information from the networks themselves. The comparison shows that there is little overlap between the activities of the three GP networks, given the different areas of investigation and the complementarity of supplementary information collected by the SGP versus routine data extraction from EHRs in the other two networks. Furthermore, Intego and the Monitoring Chart essentially cover different parts of the country. The prospective research design of the SGP allows formulating hypotheses and designing research questionnaires with precise definitions of diagnoses before the start of a new research topic in order to minimise inter-observer variability, whereas the diagnosis in the other two networks is the result of the general practitioner's clinical judgement. The Intego network disposes of a substantial number of routine parameters collected over more than two decades by now. With these data, the researchers can design retrospective cohort studies without recording or recall bias by the GP who does not know during his/her daily routine for which research questions his/her data may be used later. The Monitoring Chart stands out by its comparatively strong presence in the Brussels-Capital Region and its data from the less well-to-do part of the population. The third main part of the thesis focuses on STIs which provided a research opportunity, given that Belgian public health efforts to control them have increased in recent years and that the three GP networks engaged in research activities in this regard. The first sub-chapter addresses challenges for the surveillance and monitoring of STIs due to the nature of the pathogens, followed by a sub-chapter about characteristics of STI surveillance and monitoring in Belgium. Afterwards, a sub-chapter describes health policy efforts in order to establish the Belgian HIV Plan 2014-2019. The development of the HIV Plan was analysed by applying the policy streams model of John Kingdon. The analysis was based on published government statements, parliamentary documents, and websites of stakeholders, and showed that the Federal Ministry of Health initiative to achieve the HIV Plan was characterised by a coordinating role with a participatory approach towards the other Belgian governments and stakeholders. The 2013 protocol agreement of the Belgian governments committed them to principles, actions, and cooperation regarding HIV prevention, testing, treatment of persons living with HIV and care for their quality of life, but not to budgets, priorities or target figures. The implementation of the plan, highlighting aspects relating to general practice, is addressed in the subsequent sub-chapter. Two further sub-chapters are based on the analysis of retrospective cohort studies with Intego data from 2009 to 2013, based on EHR routine registration by over 90 general practitioners in Flanders. In the first sub-chapter, the frequencies of gonorrhoea and syphilis diagnoses were investigated. Case definitions were applied. Due to small case numbers obtained, cases were pooled and averaged over the observation period. Frequencies were compared with those calculated from mandatory notification. A total of 91 gonorrhoea and 23 syphilis cases were registered. The average Intego annual frequency of gonorrhoea cases obtained was 11.9 (95% Poisson confidence interval (CI) 9.6; 14.7) per 100,000 population, and for syphilis 3.0 (CI 1.9; 4.5), respectively, while mandatory notification was calculated at 14.0 (CI: 13.6, 14.4) and 7.0 (CI: 6.7, 7.3), respectively. In spite of limitations such as small numbers and different case definitions, the data suggests that the general practitioner was involved in the large majority of gonorrhoea cases, while the majority of new syphilis cases did not come to the knowledge of the general practitioner. The second sub-chapter deals with the prescription of antibiotics to treat gonorrhoea in general practice in Flanders 2009-2013. Belgian guidelines recommended ceftriaxone or alternatively spectinomycin from 2008 onwards and azithromycin combination therapy since 2012. The study investigated to which extent contemporary gonorrhoea treatment guidelines were followed. Ninety-one gonorrhoea cases with ten chlamydia and one genital trichomonas coinfections in 90 patients were registered between 2009 and 2013. The proportion of cases with ceftriaxone and/or spectinomycin prescriptions rose from 13% (two of 15 cases) in 2009 to 56% (nine of 16 cases) in 2013. Combination therapy of ceftriaxone and/or spectinomycin together with azithromycin rose from 0 of 15 cases (0%) in 2009 to 7 of 16 cases (44%) in 2013. Although numbers are small, the results suggest that gonorrhoea therapy guideline adherence improved between 2009 and 2013. Future opportunities, recommended in the final discussion, include (1) extending provider-led STI testing in Belgium, with a prominent role for general practitioners; (2) investigating barriers and facilitators for the achievement of the Global Medical File, notably if sensitive and potentially stigmatising issues such as STIs or mental health are involved; (3) making task delegation by the general practitioner towards other primary health care providers more attractive; (4) facilitating general practitioners' tasks by the introduction of support features into the EHR in order to improve registration and quality of care in general; (5) eliciting Regional government support in order to investigate the diagnostic profiles of the patient population of IPHCCs; and (6) establishing an extended network for the collection and analysis of "production data" (such as the number of contacts, interventions, referrals, prescriptions and diagnostic requests) from general practitioners and other primary health care providers, proceeding from the know-how and the experience of the three investigated GP networks.Doctorat en Sciences de la santé Publique
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Pickel, Donnie. "Investigating Complement Regulator Involvement in Innate Immune Evasion by Neisseria gonorrhoeae". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1628181973757983.
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Bergman, Peter. "Antimicrobial peptides and pathogenic Neisseria : experimental studies in mouse, man and rat /". Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-428-7/.
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Al-Hattawi, Kaltham Mohammed Salem. "Gonorrhoeae in Dubai - UAE". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266202.
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Perrollet, Hervé. "Lectine-adhésine de Neisseria gonorrhoeae". Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO1T123.
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Perrollet, Hervé. "Lectine-adhésine de Neisseria gonorrhoeae". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376088235.
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Cousin, Sydney Louis. "Macrolide resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5078.
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Copley, C. G. "Studies on typing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae". Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356312.
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Overton, Timothy William. "The FNR protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288548.
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Fong, Yuet-ping. "Seasonal variation in cause-specific sexually transmitted disease morbidity in Hong Kong (1998-2001) : are there any long holiday effects on the morbidity due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae? /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25100981.
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Perry, Elizabeth Holly. "Association of ABO, Lewis and Secretor phenotypes and genotypes with Neisseria gonorrhoeae thesis submitted in (partial) fulfilment of the Master of Applied Science, Auckland University of Technology, November 2003". Full thesis. Abstract, 2003. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/PerryE.pdf.
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ROCK, JOHN PATRICK. "MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF GONOCOCCAL DEATH FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO THE GRANULE EXTRACTS OF HUMAN NEUTROPHILS (NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE, PEPTIDOGLYCAN, MEMBRANE DAMAGE)". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183844.
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Gonococci that have been phagocytized by human neutrophils are killed very effectively. While much research has focused on defining the microbicidal mechanisms of the neutrophil arsenal, substantially less is known regarding why phagocytized bacteria die. Gonococci were examined, at the molecular level, following exposure to human neutrophil granule extracts (GE) in an effort to discover the "lethal lesion", that injury to the bacterial cell which results in its death. The cytoplasm-based metabolism of GE-treated gonococci continues to function normally for at least 30 minutes, although these same cells have lost the ability to divide and are reproductively dead. GE-treated gonococci were found to utilize less oxygen than control cells, indicative of damage to the cytoplasmic membrane. Visual examination of GE-treated gonococci by light microscopy revealed that the cells undergo very minimal division once exposed to GE. GE-treated gonococci visualized by transmission electron microscopy had outer membranes which suffered time-related disorganization and disruption; the effects began immediately upon contact with GE. GE-treatment was also observed to cause aberrant structure and orientation of forming bacterial septa. Investigation of gonococcal peptidoglycan, the structural component of the bacterial membrane, yielded interesting results when the effects of GE were scrutinized. GE caused subnormal incorporation of peptidoglycan precursors, and also induced a twofold higher rate of release of peptidoglycan turnover fragments than was seen from control cells. After analysis of peptidoglycan fragments released into culture supernatants by thin-layer chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography, it was found that the small amount of high-molecular-weight fragments exhausted by control cells was not present with treated cells. Investigation of the cell-associated peptidoglycan, by the above methods, after exposure to GE revealed differences in the digestion products. There was a distinct reduction in the amount of penicillin bound by the penicillin-binding proteins of GE-treated cells. There was, however, no observed change in the electrophoretic mobility between the PBPs of control and treated cells.
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Zhao, Ken Kun. "Treatments of Chlamydia Trachomatis and Neisseria Gonorrhoeae". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/math_theses/49.
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Chlamydia Trachomatis and Neisseria Gonorrhoeae rank as the two most commonly reported sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the United States. Under limited budget, publicly funded clinics are not able to screen and treat the two diseases for all patients. They have to make a decision as to which group of population shall go through the procedure for screening and treating the two diseases. Therefore, we propose a cubic integer programming model on maximizing the number of units of cured diseases. At the same time, a two-step algorithm is established to solve the cubic integer program. We further develop a web-server, which immediately make recommendation on identifying population groups, screening assays and treatment regimens. Running on the empirical data provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, our program gives more accurate optimal results comparing to MS Excel solver within a very short time.
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Abbas-Ghavimi, Khosro. "Molecular epidemiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Scotland". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400672.
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The incidence of Gonococcal infection in Grampian region was the highest in Scotland in 1992, 1993 and 1994. Despite a considerable decrease in 1994, it remained more than twice that of the whole country. Grampian also differed from other regions in that 1A isolates were commoner, accounting for around 78%, 73% and 75% of isolates; the 1A-2 serovar was particularly common. The proportion of 1B isolates in Grampian (22%, 27% and 25%) was low compared with the other centres where 1B accounted for around 70% of all isolates (Young & Moyes, 1996). Seventy-six 1992, 1993 and 1994 clinical isolates of various serotypes were obtained from the Scottish Neisseria gonorrhoeae Reference Laboratory including 40 strains from Grampian and 36 strains from Lothian. Genomic DNA was subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after digestion with low-frequency cleavage (LFC) endonucleases Nhe I and Spe I. The restriction patterns generated were reproducible, stable and easy to read. PFGE was compared to restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) with high-frequency cleavage (HFC) endonuclease Hind III, and 16S rDNA ribotyping with EcoR I. The comparison of phenotypic based typing methods and DNA-based typing techniques to study the 76 N. gonorrhoeae isolates in the present study indicate that the DNA-based methods are more discriminatory. However, the patterns obtained by NheI and Spe I PFGE analysis were easily interpreted, reliable and more discriminatory than those of Hind III REA. The finding of this study clearly demonstrate the potential of PFGE as a high discriminatory tool, as compared to MAb-based serotyping, auxotyping, S/A classification, 16S rDNA ribotyping and REA for studying the molecular epidemiology of gonorrhoea.
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Hopper, Amanda Clare. "The electron transfer chains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3280/.
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\(Neisseria gonorrhoeae\) is an obligate human pathogen that can use both oxygen and nitrite as electron acceptors, but its electron transfer chain has only been partially characterised. The gonococcus encodes one azurin, Laz, and eight c-type cytochromes. The aim of this project was to determine the functions of these redox proteins. Single mutants lacking cytochromes c2, c4 and c5 reduced oxygen at 126%, 84% and 80% of the parental rate, respectively. It was not possible to construct a double mutant defective in both cytochromes c4 and c5, unless an ectopic copy of cytochrome c5 was present, the expression of which was induced by IPTG. It was concluded that cytochromes c4 and c5 form a bifurcated electron transfer pathway between the cytochrome bc1 complex and the cytochrome cbb3 oxidase. Candidates for electron donors to the nitrite reductase, AniA, were Laz and cytochromes c2, c4 and c5. Mutants lacking various combinations of these redox proteins retained the ability to reduce nitrite, implicating the presence of further electron transfer pathways to AniA. Mutants defective in the third heme-binding domain of CcoP or the second domain of cytochrome c5 reduced nitrite at 52% and 39% of the parental rate, respectively. The double mutant still reduced nitrite, but at only 12% of the parental rate. It was concluded that the third heme group of CcoP and the second heme group of cytochrome c5 constitute the main electron transfer pathways to AniA, but a third pathway remains to be identified. Previous research failed to demonstrate the presence of cytochrome c2 on an SDS-PAGE gel stained for covalently bound heme. This was shown to be due to the low constitutive level of expression of this protein. Although a precise role for cytochrome c2 could not be determined, the data presented suggest that the protein could function either as an electron donor to AniA, an electron donor to ScoI, or as a regulator of electron flux to the terminal reductases. The combined data show that the plasticity of the gonococcal electron transfer chains allows this bacterium to respond rapidly to changes in terminal electron acceptor availability.
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De, Jongh Mari. "Studies on local isolates of neisseria gonorrhoeae:role in different clinical populations antimicrobial profile and mechanisms of resistance". Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/277.
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Thesis (PhD Med.(Microbiology))--University of Limpopo, 2010.Studies were performed on local isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to assess their aetiological role in different clinical populations, to determine the evolution of antimicrobial resistance and characterisation of quinolone resistance. In the study performed on women presenting for termination of pregnancy (TOP) the prevalence of common sexually transmitted pathogens (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis) was much higher than reported from other studies in TOP populations. The commonest organism isolated was C. trachomatis. There were no significant differences in infection rates in women with or without signs and symptoms of vaginal discharge. Therefore all women presenting for TOP need to be screened and treated for sexually transmitted pathogens. In the study to determine the co-infection rates in men presenting with urethritis (discharge and/or burning on micturition (BOM)), the overall infection rate was 65% with co-infections (more than one pathogen detected) in 8%. N. gonorrhoeae was found in 45%, C. trachomatis in 15% and T. vaginalis in 6% of the men. T. vaginalis was found in higher percentages in men with BOM only, in the absence of visible discharge. There may be a need to add an anti-trichomonicidal agent in men presenting with BOM only. When comparing sexual partners and the pathogens isolated, significantly fewer pathogens were detected in males that had their wives as sole contact when comparing them to men who had sex with casual contacts, reflecting high sexual risk behaviour. M DE JONGH Page xi PhD Med Microbiology N. gonorrhoeae isolates were obtained from men presenting to a general practitioner in Pretoria with urethral discharge. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile was determined to currently used, previously used and potential antimicrobial agents by the disk diffusion, Etest and agar dilution methods. High-level ciprofloxacin resistance emerged in the Pretoria region at 7%. No isolate showed a MIC value of intermediate resistance, suggesting importation of resistant strains, rather than a step-wise incremental increase. Penicillin-resistant gonococcal isolates are entrenched in the community; overall there was 32% resistance (MIC≥2μg/mℓ), with 16% due to penicillinase-producing (PPNG) isolates. Tetracycline-resistant isolates has increased dramatically at 54% and with 36% showing high-level (plasmid-mediated) resistance. All isolates remained susceptible to ceftriaxone, cefoxitin and cefpodoxime. Local gonococcal isolates were sequenced using Neisseria gonorrhoeae Multi-Antigen Sequence Typing (NG-MAST). In this study a total of 18 isolates resolved into 13 different sequence types (STs). A cluster of four isolates of known sequence type, ST217, was found. Two other known sequence types (ST189 & ST523) have previously been seen in Durban. The ten quinolone-resistant isolates resolved into six STs, five of which were new STs and one cluster of four isolates of a known sequence type. This demonstrates the heterogeneity of ciprofloxacin-resistant strains suggesting introduction of strains from multiple sources rather than clonal spread of a single strain.
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Lindbäck, Emma. "Mechanisms of resistance to ciprofloxacin in Neisseria gonorrhoeae". Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-688-3/.
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Ellis, Charles David. "Studies on the inflammatory response to Neisseria gonorrhoeae". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391950.
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Chekir-Ghedira, Leila. "Génétique de la lectine adhésine de Neisseria gonorrhoeae". Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1T066.
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Reid, Katherine Gregor. "Characterisation and non-cultural detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20141.
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Kan, Man-yee Elsie. "Application of neisseria gonorrhoeae molecular typing techniques in forensic medicine". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31971854.
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Francis, Finola. "Transcriptional analysis of cell division genes in Neisseria gonorrhoeae". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4507.
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This work represents the first study of the regulation of cell division genes in the Gram negative coccus Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and this regulation was studied under aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions using two different gonococcal strains: CH811 and FA1090. Three different clusters of cell division genes were investigated: the mur-fts cluster, the ftsEX cluster, and the min cluster corresponding to homologues at the 2 min, the 78 min, and the 26 min region of the Escherichia coli chromosome, respectively. Driven by initial DNA sequencing of the pivotal cell division gene ftsZ in our laboratory, further genomic analysis using the raw data from the N. gonorrhoeae FA1090 Genome Project was used to identify the genetic organization of the mur-fts cluster as well as the min cluster. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Picard, François J. "Genetics of arginine and proline biosynthesis in Neisseria gonorrhoeae". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7669.
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The carAB operon from E. coli hybridized with the gonococcal clones carrying carA or carB genes under conditions of high stringency (i.e. detecting approximately 80% or greater similarity) suggesting that the nucleotide sequence of the carbamoylphosphate synthetase genes is very similar in these two organisms. Under these conditions for hybridization, the gonococcal clones carrying argB or argF genes did not hybridize with plasmids containing the corresponding E. coli gene. Hybridizations performed under conditions of lower stringency indicate that the nucleotide sequence of the argB gene is less conserved than that of argF in E. coli and N. gonorrhoeae. Co-complementation experiments established gene linkage only between carA and carB and between proA and proB gonococcal genes. Clones complementing a gene defect in argE were also able to complement an argA mutation. This suggests that the enzyme ornithine acetyltransferase from N. gonorrhoeae (encoded by argJ) may be able to complement both argA and argE mutations in E. coli. The prevalence of specific arginine biosynthesis gene defects was studied for 319 arginine-requiring clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by using the ability of the strains to utilize intermediates of arginine biosynthesis. Nearly 99% of the strains were defective either in the conversion of acetylornithine to ornithine (174 strains) or in the conversion of ornithine to citrulline (141 strains). Based on a nutritional requirement for carbamoyl phosphate, only 11% of the uracil-requiring strains defective in the carbamylation of ornithine to yield citrulline were apparently defective in carAB. Three argininosuccinate-requiring strains (i.e. probably defective in argG) of auxotype PAU were identified. A high polymorphism was observed in hybridization patterns of restricted genomic DNA from N. gonorrhoeae strains having the same auxotype and serotype with a gonococcal CPSase gene-specific probe suggesting that this probe may provide a useful epidemiological marker for N. gonorrhoeae. Some of the arginine auxotrophs of N. gonorrhoeae defective in carAB, argJ, argF or argG were complemented by genetic transformation with DNA from recombinant bacteriophages carrying characterized gonococcal arginine biosynthesis genes. Gene defects in proA (5 strains) and in proB (6 strains) were identified by gonococcal transformation assays with recombinant bacteriophages or plasmids carrying proline biosynthesis genes from N. gonorrhoeae. None of the eleven proline-requiring strains tested appears to be defective in proC. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications using oligonucleotides specific to conserved areas of the E. coli carAB operon yielded amplified copies of various portions of the N. gonorrhoeae CPSase genes. Amplifications using primers specific to the duplicated region of the E. coli carB gene suggest that the gonococcal carB gene contains a similar duplication. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Chamberlain, Lisa M. "Pathogenesis and immunity in experimental infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320009.
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Turner, Susan Margaret. "Characterisation of novel cytochrome c lipoproteins in Niesseria gonorrhoeae". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403008.
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Sullivan, Kevin Michael. "The restriction and modification genes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae P9". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316753.
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Jensen, Alas Gabriel. "Detektion av ciprofloxacin-resistens hos Neisseria gonorrhoeae med PCR". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-18755.
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) har successivt utvecklat resistens mot många antimikrobiella medel och betraktas som ett av de tre reella hoten bland antibiotikaresistenta bakterier. Ciprofloxacin är ett bredspektrum-antibiotikum tillhörande gruppen kinoloner som, förutom att behandla urinvägsinfektioner, används mot NG och infektioner i mage och tarm. Dock har det rapporterats att ca 30 % av NG-isolat som samlats in genom gonokock-isolatövervakningsprojekt (GISP) under 2017 var resistenta mot ciprofloxacin. På molekylnivå är resistens mot ciprofloxacin starkt associerad med en enda mutation i kodon 91 i gyras-genen (gyrA). Detta projekt har undersökt om det går att använda molekylärbiologiska metoder för att detektera NG-isolat med gyrA mutationen. Analysen gjordes med två olika PCR-system, ”7500 Fast Real-Time PCR System” från Applied Biosystems (ABI) och Panther Fusion från Hologic. Proberna som användes designades för påvisning av vildtyp gyrA (ciprofloxacin-känslig) och mutant gyrA (ciprofloxacin-resistent) hos NG. I projektet analyserades 50 NG-positiva prov (analyserade med screeningtest APTIMA COMBO2 från Hologic), från 43 patienter som provtagits under januari-februari 2020 i Region Skåne. Några patienter testades flera gånger vid olika tillfällen. NG-odling hade utförts parallellt från motsvarande tagna prov från patienterna. ABI-metoden påvisade genen hos 90 % (45/50) av NG-positiva prover (APTIMA COMBO2) medan endast 24 av de 49 proven (49 %) kunde odlas med traditionell metodik för att därefter resistensbestämmas. Av de 45 prov där gyras-genen kunde detekteras med ABI-metoden, uppvisade 28 (62 %) av proven en muterad gen och därmed en potentiell resistens för ciprofloxacin. Panther Fusion-metoden påvisade genen hos 80 % (40/50) av NG-positiva prover (APTIMA COMBO2), och såsom tidigare nämnts, kunde endast 24 av de 49 proven (49 %) odlas med traditionell metodik för att därefter resistensbestämmas. Av de 40 prov där gyras-genen kunde detekteras med Panther Fusion-metoden, uppvisade 26 av proven (65 %) en muterad gen och därmed en potentiell resistens för ciprofloxacin. En jämförelse mellan resultaten från PCR-metoderna och odlingarna visar att av de 24 odlingarna som kunde resistensbestämmas fick ABI-metoden resultat för 23 och Panther Fusion för 22. PCR-metodernas resultat överensstämde perfekt med resultaten från odling med samma 8 känsliga och 15 respektive 14 resistenta NG-isolat som odling. De båda PCR-metoderna och traditionell odling uppvisade jämförbara resultat. Av de 24 prov som kunde odlas och därmed resistensbestämmas, detekterades med ABI-metoden gyras-genen i 23 av dessa prov och i 22 av proven med Panther Fusion-metoden. Resistens mot ciprofloxacin uppvisades genom odling i 16 av de 24 odlingsbara prov, och av dessa 24 odlingsbara prov uppvisade ABI-metoden en muterad gen i 15 av proven och Panther Fusion-metoden en muterad gen i 14 av proven. Traditionell odling kunde bara genomföras på 24 av proven och PCR-metoderna identifierade signifikant fler prov innehållande vildtyp eller muterad gyras-gen, 45 respektive 40 prov. Projektet visade tydligt att PCR-metoderna kan identifiera fler prov än genom traditionell odling och kan därmed upptäcka fler prov med förväntad ciprofloxacin-resistens än vad som kan bestämmas genom traditionell odling.Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) has been developing a resistance towards several different antibiotics and is viewed as one of the three real threats among resistant bacteria. Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum-antibiotic belonging to the group quinolone antibiotics which, in addition to being used to treat urinal infections, is used to treat NG and infections in the stomach and intestines. However, it has been reported that 30 % of NG-isolates that have been gathered through the Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP) throughout 2017 were resistant to ciprofloxacin. On a molecular level, resistance to ciprofloxacin is strongly associated with a single mutation in kodon 91 in the gyras-gene (gyrA). This project sought to examine if it is possible to use methods from molecular biology to detect which NG that have the gyrA-mutation. The test was done using two different PCR-systems, ”7500 Fast Real-Time PCR System” from Applied Biosystems (ABI) and Panther Fusion from Hologic. The probes used were designed to show wild type gyrA (ciprofloxacin sensitive), and mutated gyrA (ciprofloxacin resistant) in NG. In this project 50 NG-positive samples (analysed with screentest APTIMA COMBO2 from Hologic), from 43 patients that had been tested during January-February 2020 in Region Skåne, were analysed. Some patients were tested several times, within the time period. NG-cultivation had been done in parallel from corresponding samples taken from the patients. The ABI-method showed the gene in 90 % (45/50) of NG-positive samples (APTIMA COMBO2) while only 24 of the 49 samples (49 %) could be cultivated by traditional methodology, and then tested for resistance. Of the 45 samples where the gyras-gene could be detected with the ABI-method, 28 samples (62 %) exhibited a mutated gene and thus a potential resistance to ciprofloxacin. The Panther fusion-method showed the gene in 80 % (40/50) of NG-positive samples (APTIMA COMBO2), and as mentioned earlier, only 24 of the 49 samples (49 %) could be cultivated by traditional methodology to then be tested for resistance. Of the 40 samples where the gyras-gene could be detected with the Panther Fusion-method, 26 samples (65 %) exhibited a mutated gene and thus a potential resistance to ciprofloxacin. The two PCR-methods and traditional cultivation exhibited comparable results. Of the 24 samples that could be cultivated and thus tested for resistance, the ABI-method detected the gyras-gene in 23 of these samples and the Panther Fusion-method detected the gene in 22 of the samples. Cultivation exhibited resistance to ciprofloxacin in 16 of the 24 samples that could be cultivated, and of these 24 cultivatable samples the ABI method exhibited a mutated gene in 15 of the samples and the Panther Fusion-method exhibited a mutated gene in 14 of the samples. Traditional cultivation could only be done on 24 of the samples and the PCR-methods could identify significantly more samples containing either wild type or mutated gyras-gene, 45 and 40 samples, respectively. The project clearly showed that more samples can be identified with the PCR-methods than through traditional cultivation, and thereby discover more samples with expected ciprofloxacin-resistance, than can be determined through traditional cultivation.
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Dickinson, Mary Kathryne. "Characterization of TonB-Dependent Metal Transporters within Neisseria gonorrhoeae". VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3502.
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the etiologic agent of gonorrhea, utilizes TonB-dependent transporters to import essential nutrients such as iron. Study of TonB-dependent transporters is extremely important due to the fact that they make excellent vaccine targets. In order to learn more about the structure, function, expression, and regulation of selected TonB-dependent transporters, three goals were established for this study. The first goal was to examine the role of two highly conserved regions of TbpB in lipidation. One of the conserved regions of TbpB, the LSAC motif, was shown to be critical for lipidation. The second goal was to determine whether MisR/MisS regulates expression of TbpA and TbpB. MisR/MisS was shown to regulate the expression of TbpA and TbpB. The third goal was to assess the ability of recombinant TdfJ to bind hemin when expressed in E. coli. Recombinant TdfJ was shown to specifically bind hemin when expressed in E. coli.
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Bilek, Nicole. "Genetic mechanisms of opa gene variation in Neisseria gonorrhoeae". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/6210.
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To understand the rates and mechanisms of Neisseria gonorrhoeae opacity (opa) gene variation, the 11 opa genes were amplified independently so that an opa allelic profile could be defined for any isolate from the sequences at each locus. Initial examination of 14 unrelated gonococcal isolates showed that no opa alleles were shared. Analysis of closely related isolates showed these typically shared most opa alleles and so the mechanisms by which recent changes occurred at individual opa loci could be determined. The great majority of changes were due to recombination among existing alleles that either duplicated an opa allele present at another locus or resulted in a mosaic of existing opa alleles. Single nucleotide changes or the insertion/deletion of a single codon also occurred, but few of these events were assigned to mutation, the majority being assigned to localised recombination. Introduction of novel opa genes from co-infecting strains was rare and all but one occurred in the same sexual network. Changes at the eleventh opa locus (opa11) occurred much more rapidly than at other opa loci, almost always differing even between recent sexual contacts. Examination of the neighbouring pilE gene showed that changes at opa11 and pilE often occurred together, although this linkage may not be a causal one. The Opa protein sequences encoded by the opa genes were determined and the regions spanning the two hyper-variable regions (HVR1 and HVR2) were analysed. An almost equal number of Opa protein and opa nucleotide sequences were detected but there was a limited number of HVR combinations, indicating that a large proportion of differences are located elsewhere in the protein. Very few novel HVRs were generated by recombination, even at opa11 where the rate of variation was greatest. Most changes resulted in re-assortment of existing HVRs, most likely due to protein function restriction/benefits.
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Coghill, Diane Vivien. "Monoclonal antibodies against Neisseria Gonorrhoeae : serotyping and diagnostic applications". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27815.
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The aims of this study were (i) to investigate the value of newly developed monoclonal antibody coagglutination reagents for serotyping gonococci according to Protein I variation between strains; (ii) to determine if these or similar monoclonal antibodies could be used in an immunological method for the non -cultural detection of N. gonorrhoeae; and (iii) to produce monoclonal antibodies directed against gonococcal beta- lactamase and to examine their value in a non - cultural diagnostic test for penicillinase- producing gonococci. A total of 1201 gonococcal isolates, obtained from 967 patients attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic in Edinburgh, were classified serologically using two independently developed panels, each of 14 monoclonal antibodies. The distribution of serogroups WI and WII /III was shown to be 51% and 49% respectively. Using a combination of the two panels of reagents, WI strains could be subdivided into 19 serovars and WII /III strains into 53 serovars: The individual panels recognised 7 (Ph) and 12 (GS) WI serovars and 22 (Ph) and 24 (GS) WII /III serovars. Temporal and geographical variations in serovar patterns were observed, illustrating the dynamic nature of the circulating gonococcal population. A statistically significant correlation between the WII /III serovar combination Bropyt /Back and homosexually acquired infection was found (P < 0.001). This serovar combination accounted for 57% of homosexually acquired infections compared with 3% and 0.8% of infections in heterosexual men and women. A statistically significant correlation between the WII /III serovar Bajk and concomitant rectal infection in women was found (0.05 > P > 0.02). This serovar accounted for 28% of women with genital and rectal infection compared with 17% of women in whom infection was restricted to the genital site. Statistically significant associations between serogroup WII /III and certain serovars and penicillin susceptibility were also observed. In addition to their value in correlating certain strains with particular anatomical sites and in predicting the antibiotic susceptibility of an isolate, these serovar studies proved valuable in tracing infected contacts. A previously developed dot -blot immunoassay using polyclonal antisera raised against whole cell gonococci demonstrated poor sensitivity (26 %) in detecting gonococcal antigen in female cervical specimens: The specificity was 81.7 %. Replacement of polyclonal antisera with a panel of anti -Protein I monoclonal antibodies failed to improve the system, even though coagglutination reagents prepared with these antibodies had detected 99.7% of gonococcal strains. An immunoperoxidase staining technique was developed for the detection of gonococci directly in patient smears. An alternative panel of monoclonal antibodies developed for detection of gonococcal antigen was employed. Coagglutination reagents prepared using these antibodies had previously detected 97% of gonococcal strains. The sensitivity and specificity of this test when applied to 30 male urethral smears was 75% and 100% respectively. However, serovar analysis suggested that the incorporation of additional monoclonal antibodies to the panel would improve the sensitivity of this system. None of the hybridomas obtained from the fusions of myeloma cells and spleen cells from mice immunised with purified gonococcal beta -lactamase enzyme secreted antibodies specific for gonococcal beta -lactamase. It was concluded from this study that (i) the resolution achieved using two panels of monoclonal antibody coagglutination reagents was better than that achieved with either panel alone and increases the value of serotyping for the study of gonococcal epidemiology; (ii) a large variety of antigenic types of gonococci are circulating in the population at any one time and this antigenic pattern does not remain static, therefore constant surveillance of gonococcal strains will be necessary to ensure that immunological detection techniques remain effective; and (iii) the immun peroxidase assay using monoclonal antibodies against PrI has potential for use as an 'on- the -spot' test for the diagnosis of gonococcal infection.
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Seib, Kate Louise. "Defences against oxidative stress in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis /". St. Lucia, Qld, 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18015.pdf.
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Hauf, Eva. "Untersuchungen zum mitochondrialen Import des Hauptaußenmembranproteins PorB von Neisseria gonorrhoeae". Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler, 2007. http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2007/4750/index.html.
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thew, Francis Matthew Francis. "Investigating antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in Neisseria gonorrhoeae using peptide probes". Thesis, Durham University, 2009. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/185/.
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The continuing evolution of antibiotic resistance strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae coupled with the paucity of new antimicrobial agents makes the treatment of gonococcal infections challenging. A major cause of resistance is the expression of a multidrug efflux pump termed MtrCDE, which exports a wide range of antimicrobial agents. Efflux pumps are membrane-bound systems and consequently challenging to study and target with drugs. The transcriptional regulator (MtrR) of the efflux pump, however, is a soluble protein and therefore more amenable to study and drug target validation investigations. This thesis serves to investigate the hypothesis that substrates for the MtrCDE efflux pump are also ligands for the regulator MtrR. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was used to show that MtrR binds commercial antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides. -lactam antibiotics not only bind MtrR but are hydrolysed by the multidrug protein. Evidence for this novel enzymatic activity is provided by ITC, mass spectrometric and microbiological techniques. A series of peptides derived from LL-37 were synthesised and screened for binding to MtrR. A key region of LL-37 with a higher affinity to MtrR than the natural product was then identified. The peptide binding site in MtrR was elucidated via a photoactivated peptide binding study. Electrophoresis mobility shift assays indicated that the peptides do not induce derepression of the genes controlled by MtrR, although the peptide derivatives of LL-37 were shown to be substrates for the MtrCDE efflux pump.
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Kan, Man-yee Elsie, i 簡文意. "Application of neisseria gonorrhoeae molecular typing techniques in forensic medicine". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31971854.
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Howard, Andrew John. "The penicillin binding proteins and beta-lactamases of Neisseria gonorrhoeae". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336169.
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Lear, A. L. "O-acetylation and cross-linking of peptidoglycan in Neisseria gonorrhoeae". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377120.
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Aoun, Leila. "Les relations immunologiques croisées entre Neisseria gonorrhoeae et Neisseria meningitidis". Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112046.
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae et Neisseria meningitidis présentent un très haut degré d'homologie ADN/ADN. Plusieurs structures de surface présentant des relations antigéniques ont été décrites dans la littérature. L'immunisation de souris par des méningocoques vivants (groupe A ou B) provoquent l'apparition d'anticorps bactéricides (donc potentiellement protecteurs) pour N. Gonorrhoeae. L'utilisation de ces sérums de souris anti-N. Meningitidis en immunotransfert contre des extraits bruts de N. Gonorrhoeae a permis de mettre en évidence un nouvel antigène de 70 K, commun à toutes les souches de Neisseria pathogènes et à la plupart des espèces de Neisseria non pathogènes. Cet antigène est très immunogène chez la souris, de nature peptidique il est stable à la chaleur et au traitement par le Bétamercaptoéthanol. La microscopie électronique a permis de montrer, en utilisant un sérum polyclonal dirigé préférentiellement contre l'antigène 70 K, qu'il est situé à la surface de la bactérie. Ces résultats ont été confirmés par d'autres techniques (ELISA, test et L'immunofluorescence) et ont montré que cet antigène est une protéine de membrane externe. L'antigène de 70 Ka été retrouvé sur toutes les souches de gonocoque isolées à partir de différents sites anatomiques de partenaires sexuels. Cela montre sa stabilité antigénique après transmission in vivo chez l'homme. Ce dernier aspect est particulièrement intéressant, au vu de la grande variation antigénique, tant in vivo qu'in vitro, des antigènes majeurs de gonocoque que sont les pili, les protéines I et II, et les LPS. Nous avons ensuite étudié l'immunogénicité chez l'homme de cette protéine de surface au cours de l'infection ou du portage rhinopharyngé de Neisseria meningitidis, ou de Neisseria non pathogènes. Les résultats ont montré que l'antigène de 70 K est exprimé et immunogénique in vivo chez l'homme non seulement au cours de la maladie 22/26 malades mais aussi durant le portage rhinopharyngé de Neisseria meningitidis 12/17 porteurs sains. La proteine 70 K bien que, exprimée en quantité plus faible chez certaines souches de Neisseria non pathogènes, est immunogène dans 50% des cas chez les porteurs. Une bonne relation entre la présence d'une bande de 70 K en Western blot au 21ème jour de l'immunisation et le poucentage d'inhibition en ELISA suggère non seulement la présence d'antocorps anti-70 K décrit grâce au modèle animal dans les sérums humains étudiés, mais aussi que le sérum polyclonal de souris est bien dirigé préférentiellement contre l'antigène 70 K. Du point de vue quantitatif, il faut noter que les sérums de porteurs sains inhibent aussi efficacement que les sérums de malades la réaction entre le sérum de souris anti-70 K et N. Gonorrhoeae. Le test d'inhibition en ELSA confirme que l'antigène 70 K reconnu par les sérums humains (malades et porteurs) est le même que celui reconnu par le sérum de souris. Il restait enfin, pour confirmer la valeur immunoprophylactique potentielle de l'antigène 70 K, à montrer que des anticorps dirigés contre celui-ci pouvaient protéger la muqueuse urétrale humaine de l'infection par N. Gonorrhoeae. Cependant nous avons observé que les sérums prélevés précocement chez des patients atteints d'une première urétrite à gonocoque, ou de gonococcies récidivantes possèdent moins souvent des anticorps anti-70 K que les sérums d'une population témoin non infectée (population témoin). Les résultats de l'immunogénicité de cet antigène chez l'homme sont en faveur de son rôle comme composant d'un futur vaccin acellulaire.
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Taha, Muhamed-Kheir. "Regulation transcriptionnelle du gene de la piline chez neisseria gonorrhoeae". Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077166.
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Chez neisseria gonorrhoeae, souche ms11, nous avons montre que l'expression de la piline est controlee au niveau de la transcription par deux genes chromosomiques lies genetiquement: pi1a et pi1b qui agissent en trans sur le promoteur du gene de la piline, pi1e. Les deux genes codent pour deux proteines, pi1a de 44 kd et pi1b de 58 kd. Pi1a et pi1b ensemble inhibent l'expression a partir du promoteur de pi1e dans escherichia coli et les mutants pi1b# des gonocoques sont hyperpilies. Des fusions traductionnelles pi1b-phoa (determinant la phosphatase alkaline) indiquent clairement que pi1b est localisee dans la membrane cytoplasmique. Pila seule active l'expression de pile et certains mutants pila# de gonocoques sont peu pilies. Il n'a pas ete possible d'isoler des mutants pila# par insertion d'un transposon et des heterodiploides, pila#/pila#+ ont ete obtenus dans tous les cas. Ceci suggere fortement que pila soit un gene essentiel pour la viabilite des gonocoques. La proteine pila se fixe specifiquement sur le promoteur de pile. Par hybridation genomique et a l'arn, nous avons montre que des genes homologues a pila et pilb et fonctionnels existent chez toutes les especes du genre neisseria. L'analyse des sequences en acides amines de pila et pilb montre des regions de similitudes entre ces deux proteines et les proteines appartenant a la super famille des systemes de regulation a deux composants de type modulateur-transregulateur. De plus, pila a de fortes homologies de sequences avec d'autres proteines impliquees dans la secretion et la division cellulaire. Comme ces proteines, pila contient un site potentiel de fixation du gtp