Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Globalization supply chain”

Supply Chain Management (SCM) aims to synchronize the requirements of customers with the flow of materials from suppliers, in order to satisfy the needs of the customers as costefficiently as possible. This has become a difficult task due to several developments in the market, such as increased competition, increased demand variability, increased product variety, increased amounts of customer-specific products, and shortening product life cycles. These developments, due in part to globalization, provide additional management challenges and new practices in which supply chains are designed and managed, and can eventually make the difference between companies staying competitive or not. The overall purpose of this thesis is to investigate how complexity and globalization affect supply chain design and operations. The main emphasis has been on producing descriptive results of the studied phenomenon. This research involves five case studies covering international transportation structures used in SCM, the selection of supply chain strategies in different business environments, and the role of information systems and technology in achieving the objective of SCM. In this thesis it has been concluded that in order to cope with increasingly complex and fragmented markets companies need more differentiated transportation structures, modes, and supply chains. Furthermore, to effectively manage this, information systems and advanced decision support tools are required. In addition, this thesis has shown that current taxonomies for supply chain strategy selection are too simplistic due to three major problems: they mediate that it is a question of choosing one supply chain strategy for the entire company, they regard markets as rather homogeneous, and they link each supply chain strategy to a specific business context. Instead, it has been concluded that in order to better satisfy differing customer needs in various markets it is increasingly necessary to develop a differentiated supply chain strategy by utilizing different manufacturing and delivery strategies concurrently. Thus, a need exists for new taxonomies for supply chain strategy selection which recognize that the markets are becoming more fragmented and complex, that customer preferences differ across customer/market segments, and that there is a need to differentiate the supply chain strategy. This thesis also highlights several requirements of a differentiated supply chain strategy. Firstly, extended supply chain collaboration is required, since a differentiated supply chain strategy will involve more supply chain partners than a traditional supply chain strategy. Secondly, there is a need for more transportation mode alternatives, particularly intermodal, both in supply and distribution operations, due to the fact that differentiation requires diversity. In this thesis, intermodal landbridge freight services are highlighted as one interesting avenue, which could potentially facilitate a more differentiated supply chain strategy. Thirdly, more integrated information systems are needed along with decision support tools. This study illustrates that agent based modeling appears to be an interesting method for developing realistic decision support tools in the context of complex supply chains. An interesting aspect for further research is to investigate how different manufacturing and delivery strategies can be used concurrently in international supply chains. Moreover, there are several requirements and opportunities of a differentiated supply chain strategy, and these have to be investigated further

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and, (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-82).
This thesis explores how a retailer should determine whether to source goods domestically vs. directly by imports through international sourcing. Through the research a landed cost model was developed and designed to calculate the total landed cost of items that were shipped from overseas locations into the US. The landed cost model is different from typical models in that it integrates the physical size of the item to be imported into the total landed cost considerations. With the landed cost estimates at SKU level, the decision of whether to import or to source domestically is derived. What attributes make better import candidates over others given that a landed cost calculator outputs "yes" to import? What are some of the risks? In addition to creating a landed cost calculator, the research presents approaches around these questions. The characteristics of good import candidates are analyzed through evaluating the variables that contribute to total landed cost. Basker and Van (2008) present theories that examine the two way relationship between the size of a dominant retailer and the imports of consumer goods. They conclude that a chain needs to reach a threshold size before it begins to import. Benchmark studies of import giants like Wal-Mart are presented in this paper to understand how a longer history in the retail sector along with a robust IT infrastructure gives a company an advantage in importing retail goods. The results of this research can help retail companies with new and small import programs understand the variables that are needed to calculate total landed costs with the consideration of container utilization. Additionally it will help the retailer to decide on the best items to import in a smaller program until they can acquire economies of scale through higher import quantities. Ordering methods such as the Periodic Order Quantity Method (POQ) for fixed order periods with variable demand and Newsvendor models for advance ordering are also addressed. The results show that given several import items of varying sizes, there is an optimum region of importing which relates to COGS, size, inventory holding cost, delta of domestic to imports COGS, demand and other costs. The retailer can find this optimum region by applying analytical techniques to evaluate the candidates that are under consideration for importing. In addition to these findings, the organizational and infrastructural needs of a small imports program are addressed. The research also ties in globalization of the retail industry and the world market economy into shifts in the retailer's decisions.
by Sophia E. Scipio.
M.B.A.
S.M.

As Supply Chain Management has continuously evolved, it has during recent times been exposed to the opportunities and threats that follow globalization. Firms have the possibility of getting their products/services to customers worldwide by outsourcing processes. This possibility has even turned mandatory for numerous firms in order to be competitive. However, such decisions can expose the Supply Chain to various risks. Because of lack of data and Supply Chain Structures, decision-makers need to distinguish advantages vs. disadvantages between centralized, decentralized or even outsourced structures. The purpose of this study has been, based on gathered data from a case company, to determine what Supply Chain structure to opt for when it comes to purchasing. This master thesis has performed a literature review on the science of Data Mining to enrich the quality of a quantitative part based on databases of the case company. The study also reviews Supply Chain Management strategies and how to select an appropriate distribution channel design - allowing for a framework about selecting an appropriate network design and another framework summarizing current literature’s contribution on the question of centralization versus decentralization based on Finance, Performance or Information. These three pillars are the aspects used as reference of analysis in various literature and could therefore be compared with empirics. The selection framework was filled in by key individuals at the case company and was associated with qualitative contributions from interviews about strengths and weaknesses of three scenarios involving centralization, decentralization or outsourcing. With obtained data, it was possible to identify all strengths and weaknesses of each scenario and discuss differences to select the best possible option. The findings were summarized into a framework where one can clearly see pros and cons of each scenario, thus providing a concise summary of implications following centralization, decentralization and outsourcing respectively. The results of the distribution network pointed towards a decentralization of the purchasing function as a more cost-efficient strategy, but these results must be questioned because of the current setting-bias with the spreading of the COVID-19 virus and its economic consequences. However, when all arguments were grouped into the final summarizing figure, it was concluded that the outsourcing strategy is the most advantageous. This thesis has thus permitted the extension of a framework that identifies the best distribution network design and summarized the implications of centralizing, decentralizing or outsourcing purchasing.
Supply Chain Management har kontinuerligt utvecklats med bl.a. namnbyten eller nya populära strategier. Den har under modern tid varit utsatt för både möjligheter såsom hot vilka har varit följder av globalisering. Företag har erhållit möjligheterna att leverera sina produkter till kunder över hela världen men även att outsourca processer för att förenkla denna leverans. Oursourcingmöjligheten har även översatts till obligatoriska beslut för flera företag för att ens kunna erbjuda produkter till konkurrenskraftiga priser. Dessa beslut kan dock exponera en Supply Chain till olika risker, en brytning i logistikkedjan till exempel. På grund av dessa konsekvenser måste företag värdera vilken strategi som måste tillämpas för varje process i kedjan. Ska de centraliseras, decentraliseras eller outsourcas? Ändamålet med denna studie är att, baserat på insamlad data från ett case företag, kunna bestämma vilken strategi ska tillämpas när det kommer till inköp från externa leverantörer. Detta examensarbete har utfört en litteraturgenomgång på bl.a. studier om Data Mining för att berika kvalitén på den kvantitativa delen baserad på databaser från caseföretaget. Utvald litteratur förklarar olika aspekter från Supply Chain Management med involverade strategier och hur en lämplig nätverksdesign väljs ut. Målet är att utveckla ett ramverk för urval av lämplig nätverksdesign för caseföretaget samt ett ramverk för att summera litteraturens budskap till implikationer av centralisering eller decentralisering med fokus på Finans, Prestanda och Information. Urvalsramverket har därefter fyllts i av nyckelpersoner från caseföretaget för att jämföras med kvalitativa bidrag från intervjuer om styrkor och svagheter på tre utvecklade scenarios om centralisering, decentralisering eller outsourcing. Med erhållen data möjliggjordes en diskussion för att tydliggöra styrkor och svagheter för varje scenario för att kunna noggrant jämföras och skapa argument för vilket skulle väljas. Resultat och argument har generaliserats och sammanfattats i en figur där en kan tydligt se för- och nackdelar med varje scenario. På så sätt disponeras en koncis slutsats av implikationer med att centralisera, decentralisera eller att outsourca. Resultaten från urvalsramverket pekar på att decentraliseringsstrategin är den optimala för caseföretaget, detta måste dock ifrågasättas på grund av kontexten med den nuvarande spridningen av COVID-19 viruset och dess inverkan på ekonomin. Med detta i åtanke och ihopsamlade argument, drogs slutsatsen att outsourcingstrategin är den mest lämpliga för caseföretaget. Detta masterexamensarbete har således lett till förlängningen av ett urvalsramverk av distributionsnätverksdesign samt diskuterat fram och sammanfattat implikationerna av centralisering, decentralisering och outsourcing.

La tesi vuole esaminare i fattori determinanti l’implementazione di sistemi di gestione responsabile degli approvvigionamenti. In particolare, si è voluto verificare la presenza di pressioni – interne ed esterne – che spingono l’impresa a integrare la responsabilità sociale nella gestione delle relazioni di fornitura globali. La prima parte presenta gli sviluppi che hanno portato alla definizione del concetto di Responsible Procurement Management. In particolare, vengono discusse le nuove sfide nel contesto globale che hanno accresciuto l’attenzione nei confronti delle implicazioni sociali e ambientali connesse all’estensione delle catene di fornitura. Successivamente, si propongono le definizioni di Responsible Procurement Management e gli approcci strategici che si stanno affermando nella letteratura. Infine, si presentano le ipotesi di ricerca. La seconda parte si concentra sul progetto di ricerca realizzato durante il periodo di Dottorato. Dopo aver presentato la metodologia utilizzata, la discussione di focalizza sui risultati dell’analisi statistica ed evidenzia se questi confermano o negano le ipotesi di ricerca.
The thesis is aimed at examining the determinants of the Responsible Procurement Management. In particular, attention has been focused on understanding what factors – internal and external the organization – affect the decision to integrate corporate responsibility into the management of global supply relationships. The first part presents the developments that led to the concept of Responsible Procurement Management. In particular it discusses the new challenges in the global context that have increased the attention towards the social and environmental implications of extended supply chains. Then, it proposes the definitions of Responsible Procurement Management in literature and the emerging strategic approaches. Finally, the research hypotheses are introduced. The second part presents the research project aimed at verifying the hypotheses previously discussed. It begins by describing the methodology, then it moves to the discussion of findings in order to understand whether gathered data do support or deny hypothesized determinants.

La tesi vuole esaminare i fattori determinanti l’implementazione di sistemi di gestione responsabile degli approvvigionamenti. In particolare, si è voluto verificare la presenza di pressioni – interne ed esterne – che spingono l’impresa a integrare la responsabilità sociale nella gestione delle relazioni di fornitura globali. La prima parte presenta gli sviluppi che hanno portato alla definizione del concetto di Responsible Procurement Management. In particolare, vengono discusse le nuove sfide nel contesto globale che hanno accresciuto l’attenzione nei confronti delle implicazioni sociali e ambientali connesse all’estensione delle catene di fornitura. Successivamente, si propongono le definizioni di Responsible Procurement Management e gli approcci strategici che si stanno affermando nella letteratura. Infine, si presentano le ipotesi di ricerca. La seconda parte si concentra sul progetto di ricerca realizzato durante il periodo di Dottorato. Dopo aver presentato la metodologia utilizzata, la discussione di focalizza sui risultati dell’analisi statistica ed evidenzia se questi confermano o negano le ipotesi di ricerca.
The thesis is aimed at examining the determinants of the Responsible Procurement Management. In particular, attention has been focused on understanding what factors – internal and external the organization – affect the decision to integrate corporate responsibility into the management of global supply relationships. The first part presents the developments that led to the concept of Responsible Procurement Management. In particular it discusses the new challenges in the global context that have increased the attention towards the social and environmental implications of extended supply chains. Then, it proposes the definitions of Responsible Procurement Management in literature and the emerging strategic approaches. Finally, the research hypotheses are introduced. The second part presents the research project aimed at verifying the hypotheses previously discussed. It begins by describing the methodology, then it moves to the discussion of findings in order to understand whether gathered data do support or deny hypothesized determinants.

Med inspiration av rådande Coronakris analyserar denna rapport de kriser som påverkat svensk industri under de senaste tre decennierna med avseende på tre perspektiv: globalisering, automatisering och standardisering. En generell definition av en kris ges som grund för rapporten; det är plötsliga och snabba förändringar som bidrar till ett oförutsägbart händelseförlopp som inte sällan hamnar utom kontroll. Arbetet beaktar de tre olika perspektiven genom hela rapporten vilka alla kopplar samman mot kriser på flera sätt. Analysen är baserad på en fallstudie genom intervjuer samt en litteraturstudie och mynnar ut i separata resultat med följande diskussion. Nedan följer en sammanfattning av respektive perspektiv. Globalisering är något som påverkar industrin på många sätt men i denna rapport är tillverkande företags globala distrubutionsnätverk i huvudfokus. Frågan som undersöks i rapporten är hur globalisering påverkar industrin vid en kris, hypotesen är att en större grad av globalisering leder till ökad risk för påverkan vid en kris. Slutsatsen är att globalisering kan leda till en ökad påverkan vid en kris och är en viktig faktor vid riskbedömning av distributionsnätverk. Dock innebär de globaliseringen en ökad komplexitet vilket gör riskerna svårhanterliga. Automatisering är något som påverkat den tillverkande industrin sedan början av industrialismen. I takt med att nya teknologier utvecklas har frågor höjts om automatiseringens långsiktiga effekter på produktionen. Denna rapport fokuserar därför på huruvida automatisering kan bidra till att svenska industrier blir mer motståndskraftiga vid kommande kriser. Slutsatsen är att en ökad automatisering bidrar till en högre ergonomi inom svenska industrier, bättre möjligheter för onshoring och en förbättrad flexibilitet. Därtill finns det inget som tyder på att behovet av mänskliga arbetskraft skulle minska på grund av en ökad automatiseringen. Däremot blir det en förskjutning av arbetsmarknaden mot högre akademisk kompetens. Standardiseringsperspektivet tar sig ett generellt uttryck inom Lean produktion och mer specifikt och djupgående i Kanban och linjeoptimering. Hypotesen som perspektivet bygger på är vilka möjligheter svenska industriföretag har för att med hjälp av standardiseringsförändringar lindra konsekvenserna av en kris. Slutsatsen är att standardisering kan ha viss inverkan på hur ett företag klarar sig genom en kris. Förutsättningarna för det är däremot oerhört individuella beroende företagens olika förutsättningar
Inspired by the current Corona crisis, this report analyzes the crises that have affected Swedish industry during the past three decades with regards to three perspectives: globalization, automation and standardization. A general definition of a crisis is provided as the basis for the report; it is sudden and rapid changes which contribute to an unpredictable course of events that not uncommonly gets out of control. The work takes into account the three different perspectives throughout the report, all of which are linked to crises in several ways. The analysis is based on a case study through interviews and a literature study and results in separate results with a following discussion. Below is a summary of each perspective. Globalization is something that affects the industry in many ways, but in this report, manufacturing companies’ global distribution networks are the main focus. The issue examined in the report is how globalization affects industry during a crisis, the hypothesis being that a greater degree of globalization leads to an increased risk of impact in a crisis. The conclusion is that globalization can lead to increased impact in a crisis and is an important factor in the risk assessment of distribution networks. However, with globalization comes increased complexity, which makes the risks difficult to manage. Automation is something that has affected the manufacturing industry since the beginning of industrialism. As new technologies develop, questions have been raised about the long-term effects of automation on production. This report therefore focuses on whether automation can help Swedish industries become more resilient in coming crises. The conclusion is that increased automation contributes to higher ergonomics in Swedish industries, better opportunities for onshoring and improved flexibility. In addition, there is no indication that the need for human labor would decrease due to increased automation. On the other hand, there is a shift in the labor market towards higher academic competence. The standardization perspective takes on a general expression in Lean production and more specifically and in-depth in Kanban and line optimization. The hypothesis being investigated is what conditions and opportunities Swedish industrial companies have for using the above-mentioned concepts to make changes that reduce the consequences of a crisis. The conclusion is that standardization can have a certain impact on how a company copes through a crisis. The prerequisites for this, on the other hand, are extremely individual dependent companies’ different conditions.

Textil- och konfektionsindustrin blir alltmer globaliserad och ställs inför hårdare krav då konsumenterna efterfrågar allt billigare varor i snabb förändring. Sedan flera decennier har europeiska konfektionsföretag flyttat sin tillverkning till länder med lägre arbetskostnader för att uppfylla kraven om låga priser som europiska tillverkare har svårt att uppfylla. En stor del har flyttats till Kina men även till andra länder i Asien. Nu håller marknadsförhållandena på att förändras igen genom tillväxt- och utvecklingsländernas starka utveckling. Förändringarna syns tydligast på Kinas marknad genom stigande priser och mindre kapacitet för europeisk produktion. Detta skapar nya förutsättningar för hur företagen väljer att planera sina verksamheter och resulterar i att detaljhandelsföretagen ser sig om efter alternativa produktionsländer.Syftet med studien är att ta reda på om konfektionstillverkningens tyngdpunkt kommer att fortsätta att ske i Asien eller om det finns förutsättningar för europeisk konfektionsindustri att återhämta sig och bli konkurrenskraftig i förhållande till tillverkningen i Asien eller om konfektionsindustrin istället kommer att etableras i andra globala regioner. För att uppnå detta syfte utformades en kvalitativ studie i form av semistrukturerade djupintervjuer med nio svenska konfektionsföretag samt en stiftelse verksam inom textil- och konfektionsindustrin. Studien har kompletterats med dokument utformade av organisationer kopplade till EU samt vetenskapliga artiklar.Undersökningen påvisar att Kinas förändrade situation inte leder till en större återväxt för Europas textil- och konfektionsproduktion. Tyngdpunkten av konfektionsproduktion inom den närmsta framtiden kommer att ligga kvar i Asien men flyttas från Kina till nya lågkostnadsländer i regionen. Europa kommer med sannolikhet inte att bedriva någon massproduktion i framtiden och de förlorar alltmer produktion inom låg- och mellanprissegmentet till övriga regioner. Delar av europeiska företags produktion kommer inom den närmsta tiden att fortsätta ske inom Europa, då ingen annan region i dagsläget kan uppfylla behoven av korta ledtider, effektiv logistik, små serier, stabilitet och hög kvalitet lika bra. Med tiden kommer troligtvis en allt större del att produceras i Nordafrika som i framtiden kan komma att ta över en betydande del av både Asiens och Europas produktion.The textile- and clothing industry is becoming increasingly globalized and face even tougher requirements as consumers demand for cheaper goods in rapid change. For several decades the European apparel companies have moved their manufacturing to countries with lower labour costs to meet the requirements of low prices. A major part has been moved to China, but also to other countries in Asia. Now the market conditions are changing again because of the strong growth of emerging and developing countries. The changes are most evident in China's market where prices are rising and capacity is decreasing for European production. This creates new conditions for how the retail companies choose to plan their activities and results in that they look for alternative production countries.The purpose of this study is to determine if the emphasis of clothing manufacturing will continue to occur in Asia or whether there are grounds for European clothing industry to recover and become competitive in relation to production in Asia or if production instead will be established in other global regions. To achieve this purpose we executed a qualitative study in the form of semi-structured interviews with nine Swedish clothing companies and a foundation working in the textile- and clothing industry. The study has been supplemented with documents written by organizations linked to the EU and scientific articles.The survey shows that China's changing situation does not lead to a major regeneration of European textile- and clothing production. The emphasis of clothing production will in the near future remain in Asia, although move from China to the new low-cost countries in the region. Europe will probably not mass produce clothing in the future and they lose more and more production in low-and mid-range market to other regions. Parts of the European company's production will in the near future continue to take place in Europe, as no other region currently can meet the needs of short lead times, efficient logistics, small batches, stability and quality as well. Over time, probably more production will occur in North Africa which in the future may take over a significant part of both Asian and European production.
Program: Textilekonomutbildningen

Le concept de compétence universelle est issu du droit international pénal. Il désigne l’habilitation des juridictions nationales répressives à connaître d’une affaire lorsque l’ensemble de ses éléments sont localisés dans un autre État que celui dont relève le juge saisi. En dépit d’une idée parfois véhiculée, la compétence universelle n’est pas l’apanage des crimes « les pires ». Elle est d’abord et avant tout une technique au service des juges nationaux afin de lutter contre l’impunité de certaines infractions. Son étude du point de vue du droit du travail se justifie par l’intérêt que peut susciter une telle technique pour les personnes travaillant pour le compte d’une entreprise transnationale ou d’une chaîne globale de valeur et pour lesquels il n’existe aucune garantie d’accéder à un juge en cas de violation de leurs droits au travail. En effet, ceux-ci sont exposés à un risque de déni de justice qui découle, d’une part, de l’inaptitude des tribunaux locaux à instruire un procès impliquant une entreprise dont le poids économique et politique dépasse celui de l’appareil judiciaire et, d’autre part, de l’incompétence de tout autre juge. Les dispositifs mis en place dans le cadre de la Responsabilité sociale des entreprises pas plus que les instruments régionaux de protection des droits de l’Homme garantissent à ces salariés l’accès à la justice. La compétence universelle du juge s’avère dont être une technique utile pour ces travailleurs. Mais c’est aussi une technique opérationnelle : non seulement ses éléments caractéristiques coïncident avec les difficultés d’accès à la justice des travailleurs dans un contexte de globalisation de l’économie mais, en plus, elle est déjà en voie d’apparition dans le contentieux social transnational
The concept of universal jurisdiction comes from international criminal law. It designates the empowerment of national criminal courts to hear a case when all of its elements are located in another State. Despite a common belief, universal jurisdiction is not specific to "the worst" crimes. It is first and foremost a technique at the service of national judges in order to fight against the impunity of certain offenses. Its study from the point of view of labor law is justified by the interest that such a technique can arouse for people working for a transnational company or a global value chain and for whom there is no guaranteed access to a judge in case of violation of their rights at work. Indeed, they are exposed to a risk of denial of justice which stems, on the one hand, from the inability of local courts to hear a trial involving a company whose economic and political weight exceeds that of the judiciary and, on the other hand, the incompetence of any other judge. The mechanisms elaborated within the framework of corporate social responsibility no more than the regional instruments for the protection of human rights guarantee employees access to justice. The universal jurisdiction of the judge turns out to be a useful technique for these workers. But it is also an operational technique : not only does its characteristic elements coincide with the difficulties of access to justice for workers, but, moreover, it is already emerging in transnational social litigation

This case started with the following question: How supply chains and tax policy interact? This question was the starting point for this study and was developed under the areas of Logistics and International Tax Policy. In order to support this study, the adopted methodology was the selection of a Multinational company – LPR Portugal – which has the transportation and distribution in the European Union as a scope of service and the customer satisfaction as the main value. LPR is a market leader, with business in 12 countries of European Union and also has subsidiaries in 8 countries. It is established in the market for more than 15 years, with a good market consolidation and high reputation. The study of LPR, as a case study, will allow a better understanding of the situation of an international company in terms of logistics and international policy. During this study, qualitative data were used and obtained through LPR Portugal and EY Portugal. The results from the data shows that supply chain management and international tax policy are not a well developed topic. As short, this study requires a reflection about how logistic and tax policy interacts, taking into consideration the international perspective. This study presents as a useful and practical tool by collecting questions that will allow a better understanding and analyzis of the problem.
O presente caso de estudo teve como ponto de partida a seguinte questão: Como é que cadeia de abastecimento e a fiscal interagem? Esta questão serviu como ponto de partida à elaboração deste estudo e foi desenvolvida no âmbito da Fiscalidade e da Logística. A metodologia adoptada baseou-se na selecção de uma multinacional portuguesa, a LPR, que exerce uma actividade na área de transporte e de distribuição em toda a União Europeia, e que tem como principal valor, a satisfação do cliente. A LPR é uma empresa líder de mercado, está presente em mais de 12 países e têm filiais espalhadas por 8 países. Está presente no mercado há mais de 15 anos, uma boa consolidação de mercado e uma elevada notoriedade. O estudo da LPR, irá permitir uma maior compreensão da realidade de uma empresa internacional e os seus problemas em termos fiscais e logísticos. A análise do presente estudo integrou dados qualitativos, que foram obtidos através da LPR Portugal e da EY Portugal. Os resultados dos dados demonstram que a implementação de uma cadeia de abastecimento que tenha em consideração a política fiscal internacional ainda se encontra numa fase embrionária. Em suma, o estudo apresentado exige uma reflecção sobre a forma como as áreas de logística e fiscalidade estão relacionadas, tendo em conta, a realidade internacional. Este estudo apresenta-se assim como um instrumento útil e prático, sistematizando questões que permitam a consolidação dos conhecimentos e o desenvolvimento da capacidade de análise.

This paper studies the management of global supply chain (GSCs) risks in the smartphone industry, given recent globalisation trends and geopolitical disruptions. The paper discusses a Supply Chain Risk Management(SCRM) model-based on a seminal contribution to this field’s literature and used throughout as a benchmark-before applying it to selected smartphone case studies. The disruptions studied paint a picture of underlying trends in globalisation that have accelerated, and to which GSCs will have to adapt, traditional risks being more likely to occur and cause more damages, in an increasingly uncertain world. Finally, the paper highlights three points common to GSCs risk mitigation given these trends: digitalisation, there structuring of shoring options and the management of inventories and production capacity.

碩士
國立高雄第一科技大學
運輸倉儲營運所
93
Under the competitive environment of the manufacturing industry, how to produce efficiently and how to lower cost effectively are very important industrial issues. Hence in this research, we try to understand relative topics such as whether there are significant performance differences between companies with different degrees of supply chain integration, and the relationship between supply chain integration, globalization, and performance. The investigation target of our research is the manufacturers with total assets above 1 billion N.T. dollars in Taiwan. Then we use the cluster analysis to divide the qualified manufacturers into “high-integration group” and “low-integration group”. Furthermore, we categorize the globalization type into “production globalization” and “market globalization”. We also categorize the supply chain integration activity into “integration with customers”, “company’s internal integration”, and “integration with suppliers”. Then we use “productive performance” and “financial performance” as the dependent variables, and apply multivariate analysis and regression analysis to understand the effect of supply chain integration on the relationship between globalization and performance in manufacturers. According to our research results, we find that companies with different degrees of supply chain integration differ significantly in the financial performance. Besides, “company’s internal integration” and “integration with suppliers” moderate the effect between globalization and performance. In addition, “integration with suppliers” has a substitution effect on globalization. The result of our study can be referred by the manufacturers when making their supply chain and globalization strategies. Key words: Globalization, Supply Chain, Multivariate Analysis, Regression Analysis

From global efficiency to local self-sufficiency -The challenges & developments of globalization on the food industry dynamics. The food industry presents a growing fragmented market which are adapting to consumer shifts and continuously changing industry dynamics -to be resilient and relevant. The industry contains of supply chain actors both contributing to ecological and social challenges, including food waste, climate change and health diseases. Conscious consumer shifts drive the development towards self-sufficiency, with players taking actions both in formal organizational commitments and in terms of the marketing P ́s: unique sustainable products, home-delivery, reusable plastic and organic production.

碩士
南臺科技大學
行銷與流通管理系
107
The 45th President-elect of the United States Donald John Trump held high the "America First" slogan during the US presidential campaign, and officially signed an executive order to withdraw from the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement on January 23, 2017, and imposed tariff. These policies are mainly aimed at reducing unemployment in the United States, protecting domestic manufacturing, and protecting corporate intellectual property rights. Because of the above factors, some global enterprises have moved their production lines back to the United States or set up production plants in the United States to avoid the import tariff policy. However, some global multinationals have not followed the above reasons, moving production plants to the United States or target market, and continue to produce in countries where human resources are cheaper. This study explores factors that shorten the supply chain. After Trump became the US president, implementing economic and trade policies, global companies will face the wave of anti-globalization and how to create the highest production efficiency in the modernization of the supply chain. On the other hand, in this wave of shorten the supply chain, some companies have not followed this wave, instead, they maintain the production line or set up production in countries far from the target consumer market. This study will explore the main reasons and corporate conditions for global multinationals to choose to shorten the supply chain or extend the supply chain. This study shows that the enterprise conditions that shorten the supply chain are large enterprises, with high product value and high degree of automation. On the other hand, most companies that maintain or extend the supply chain are small and medium enterprise, with low product value and low degree of automation, relying on a large amount of manpower.