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1
Marais, Kobus. "Training translators in South Africa : first global questions". Journal for New Generation Sciences : Socio-constructive language practice : training in the South African context : Special Edition, Vol 6, Issue 3: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/513.
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Published ArticleThis article questions current philosophies and practices in translator training in South Africa against the background of the international debate on translator training. It puts up for discussion the notion of a competent translator as the basis for departure in a discussion on translator training. The context within which translator training takes place is discussed, with specific reference to the South African context. The choice for a particular theory of teaching and learning, as well as assessment in translator training receives attention. The article puts forward various research questions that should be addressed in order to enhance translator training.
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Hou, Jingyi [Verfasser]. "Global survey of cis-regulation in mammalian translation / Jingyi Hou". Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1104733803/34.
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Franklin, K. J. (Kirk James). "The Wycliffe global alliance - from a U.S. based international mission to a global movement for Bible translation". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/32974.
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This thesis deals with the complex question of how global Christian mission
organizations must learn to function, especially the Wycliffe Global Alliance (WGA). I
summarize how the Wycliffe Bible Translators (WBT) began in 1942 as the
resourcing organization for the Summer Institute of Linguistics (now called SIL
International) and how their mutual founder, American William Cameron Townsend,
was influenced by Western mission strategy and conservative evangelical theology.
The changing global context is impacting how the missio Dei takes place and this is
influencing how mission agencies interact with each other and the church worldwide.
This is leading to new paradigms of how mission is conceptualized around the world.
The thesis outlines how the changing global context has forced Wycliffe to reevaluate
its place in the world because, half a century after its formation, the church
has new homes in the global South and East. It follows that as a Western mission,
Western resources have decreased and this has shaped how Wycliffe Bible
Translators (International) has now become Wycliffe Global Alliance (WGA).
However, this goes beyond a mere change of name and has resulted in a type of
structure that enables it to better engage with the church worldwide.
The thesis also examines the complexity of contextualization in the global
environment, noting how different languages and cultures are involved, each with its
own rules and subtleties. I show how the shift of the centre of gravity of the church to
the global South and East presents new theological challenges for the Bible
translation effort and these directly impact WGA.
There are many missiological implications for WGA that come from influences in
church history regarding the importance of language, the translatability of the gospel,
the history of Bible translation and how missional reflection is necessary in various
situations. These merge together to provide new implications which are influenced
by globalization for mission agencies such as WGA.
The thesis also emphasises that WGA is a global mission movement, so I have
identified methods of leadership development and structure, all of which are critical
to WGA’s effectiveness and involvement in the missio Dei. I show that forming global
mission leaders is unique and complex, and how the leaders must embrace a wide
variety of qualities, skills and capabilities, especially in responding to greater cultural
diversity. Since most leadership principles are culturally bound, this creates
obstacles in cross-cultural situations. Therefore, I emphasize that a successful
multicultural organization like WGA must learn to focus on both worldwide and local
objectives.
The thesis outlines how theological, missiological, cultural, contextual and leadership
values converge and therefore reshape a mission movement like WGA. My
conclusion is that none of these influences can be ignored – all are relevant. Each
must be reflected upon in order to provide directions for WGA as it seeks to be
faithful to its vision and serve the global church.Dissertation (MA Theol)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
gm2013
Science of Religion and Missiology
unrestricted
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Molino, Luisa. "Global health and policy translation: women's embodied experience of breastfeeding in Quebec". Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114531.
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Over the last few decades breastfeeding (BF) has become a World Health Organization (WHO) sanctioned public health priority due to its positive health outcomes, both for the mother and her child. In 2001, the province of Quebec issued a BF policy L'Allaitement maternel au Québec: Lignes directrices, (thereafter LD), aimed at implementing global health recommendations on infant feeding (WHO/UNICEF). Although this policy action has resulted in tremendous increase of BF initiation rate, BF duration remains below WHO standards, particularly among specific sociodemographic groups. Drawing on data from a large, multi-site qualitative study in Quebec, this study analyzes women's experience of BF, and seeks to investigate the gap between policy and its implementation, and in turn how women interpret, negotiate and/or resist current recommendations in their infant feeding practices. The focus of the study is the comparison of women's narratives (52 women participated in 11 Focus Groups) and lived experience of varying health care settings with differing degrees of compliance to LD (high and low implementation of the Baby-Friendly Initiative). This work examines BF beyond its biological dimension, and it tackles how public health policies and quality of delivery services influence women's choices and practices of infant feeding, and concur to women's experience and self-perception of motherhood and womanhood.Given that this policy evaluation study draws from women's narratives from various life contexts (rural and urban settings), my findings will contribute significantly to future BF policies in Québec as well as to give valuable insight on a global level.Depuis plusieurs décennies, l'allaitement est une question de santé publique prioritaire pour l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS) en raison de ses effets positifs pour la mère et pour son enfant. En 2001, la province de Québec a émis une politique d'allaitement, L'allaitement maternel au Québec : lignes directrices, (ci-après LD) qui visait à mettre en œuvre les recommandations internationales en matière d'alimentation du nourrisson (OMS/UNICEF). Bien que l'introduction de cette politique ait entraîné une forte augmentation du nombre de mères amorçant l'allaitement, la durée de l'allaitement reste en-deçà des standards préconisés par l'OMS, et particulièrement parmi certains groupes sociodémographiques. S'appuyant sur des données recueillies dans le cadre d'une large étude qualitative multicentrique réalisée au Québec, la présente analyse examine l'expérience de mères au regard de l'allaitement et cherche à appréhender le décalage existant entre la politique promue et sa mise en œuvre effective. Elle tente en même temps de mettre au jour la façon dont les mères interprètent et négocient les recommandations en matière d'alimentation infantile, voire comment elles y résistent. Le point central de cette analyse se situe dans la comparaison de témoignages de femmes (52 femmes ont pris part à 11 groupes de discussion focale) et de leur expérience à l'égard des services offerts par des établissements de santé ayant différents degrés de conformité aux LD (mise en œuvre de l'Initiative des amis des bébés [IAB] faible ou élevée). Ce travail examine la question de l'allaitement au-delà de sa dimension biologique et s'attache à apprécier dans quelle mesure les politiques de santé publique et la qualité des services influencent les choix des femmes et leurs pratiques d'alimentation infantile, et comment, au final, cela agit sur leur expérience et sur leur perception propre de la maternité et de la féminité.Étant donné que l'évaluation de cette politique publique repose sur des témoignages de femmes aux contextes de vie variés (milieux urbains et ruraux), mes conclusions contribueront d'une manière significative à la mise en place de futures politiques d'allaitement au Québec tout en apportant un éclairage précieux à un niveau plus global.
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Levick, Tiffane. "Orality and Universality ˸ in Search of a Global Youth Speak in Translation". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA129/document.
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Cette thèse est le fruit d’un projet de recherche qui mêle la pratique et la théorie de la traduction. Divisée en deux volumes, elle étudie des questions liées à la traduction de l’argot tel qu’utilisé dans des oeuvres de fiction. Le premier comprend un commentaire critique composé de trois parties, et le second une traduction en anglais du roman Moi non (P. Goujon, Gallimard, 2003). L’intrigue du roman se déroulant en banlieue parisienne, le commentaire explore la façon dont les jeunes adultes marginalisés peuvent s’exprimer par l’emploi de l’argot, une variété linguistique non-standard. Cette variété est souvent représentative d’un lieu précis et d’une identité particulière, participant à un ensemble de formes d’expression qui sert à distinguer la jeunesse marginalisée de groupes dominants. Une telle utilisation de la langue soulève des questions concrètes et abstraites quand on décide de la transcrire et de la traduire dans une oeuvre de fiction. Souvent, le traducteur a recours à l’emploi d’une langue standard ou à l’utilisation d’un argot dit « équivalent ». La traduction proposée de Moi non s’inscrit dans une méthode alternative qui s’inspire d’un style informel ainsi que de procédés créatifs que l’on peut notamment employer dans le rap et dans l’élaboration de nouvelles expressions argotiques. Préférant éviter de situer la traduction dans une aire géographique spécifique, cette traduction invite à explorer les points communs de l’ensemble des parlers jeunes du monde anglophone. Ce projet représente ainsi une opportunité de vérifier la cohérence et la logique de cette démarche alternative de la traduction de l’argot d’un roman, et de la comparer avec l’approche empruntée par les traducteurs de textes similairesThis thesis is the fruit of a research project which marries translation practice and theory. Separated into two volumes, it explores questions related to the translation of slang in fictional texts. The first volume is a critical commentary composed of three parts, and the second a translation from French into English of the novel Moi non by Patrick Goujon (Gallimard, 2003). Since the plot unfolds in the banlieue of Paris, the critical component investigates the way in which marginalised youth can express themselves through slang, a variety of non-standard language. Often representative of a specific place and identity, slang constitutes one of many forms of expression that contribute to setting marginalised youth apart from dominant groups. Such use of language raises a number of questions, both concrete and abstract in nature, when one decides to transcribe and translate it in a work of fiction. Translators often employ standard language to render this voice in the translated text or otherwise make use of an “equivalent” slang. The proposed translation of Moi non embodies an alternative method inspired by an overall informal style of writing, as well as by the creative devices employed in rap lyrics and in the creation of slang words and expressions. In an effort to avoid suggesting a specific setting outside of the banlieue, this translation seeks to identify and harness features of English shared by young people throughout the Anglosphere. This thesis thus represents an opportunity to ensure the coherence and the logic of this alternative approach to translating slang in an entire novel, and to compare this approach with that adopted by the translators of similar texts
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Marais, Kobus. "The language practitioner as agent : the implications of recent global trends in research for language practice in Africa". Journal for New Generation Sciences : Socio-constructive language practice : training in the South African context : Special Edition, Vol 6, Issue 3: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/512.
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Published ArticleThis article argues that, whether she recognises it or not, the translator is an agent, i.e. someone with an active hand in the intercultural communication process. This position endows the translator with the responsibility to make decisions in intercultural communication that can have far-reaching ideological effects. For this reason, translators should be educated to be able to take up this responsibility. In this regard, the author proposes the notion of wisdom as the aim of translator education. The article also argues in favour of indigenising and even subverting translations in theAfrican context.
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Johnson, James. "Lost in Translation: Rethinking the Politics of Sovereign Credit Rating". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Social and Political Science, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8684.
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Our current understanding of credit rating agencies’ influence on national sovereignty relies on a dichotomised and highly antagonistic view of the relationship between states and the global economy. This perspective is locked into the discursive confines of the structuralist-sceptics debate within the field of international political economy. CRAs are said to either erode state sovereignty or represent a manifestation of it. By abandoning the state-market, public-private and national-global dichotomies embedded within this debate, and the zero-sum mentality they are predicated upon, this thesis offers an alternative – “transformationalist” – perspective to view the power of CRAs and their influence on national sovereignty. Defying traditional categorization, CRAs’ power is the result of a state-market, public-private confluence of interest and therefore has no determinative influence on national sovereignty. In the course of this analysis, a second assumption embedded within the study of CRAs’ influence is criticised: the fixation on the “big three” rating agencies (Moody’s, S&P and Fitch) and the neglect of the significance of the credit rating itself. Because the rating determination process is opaque, and the credit rating itself is a highly simplified expression of an intricately complex financial, economic and political reality, the causes of a sovereign rating change are often “up for debate”. Governments, within certain degrees of interpretation, are able to embed their own domestic political interests into the “causes” of a rating change, thereby co-opting and co-constructing the power and expertise of CRAs. This can, when successful, enhance governments’ internal sovereignty over domestic social forces and their external sovereignty as they “filter” the influence of a non-state actor. New Zealand’s interaction with the CRAs throughout 2008 to 2012 illustrates how this dynamic occurs and its limitations. The thesis seeks to highlight the diversity and heterogeneity involved in the processes of globalization in general, and CRAs’ influence in particular, and in doing so open up political space to consider possible forms of resistance.
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Scammell, Claire Naomi. "Putting the foreign in news translation : a reader-response investigation of the scope for foreignising the translation strategies of the global agencies". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/putting-the-foreign-in-news-translation(e57e18c9-8e8f-480a-8529-6f0d6df15da4).html.
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This thesis contributes to a developing body of translation studies research that has begun to cast much needed light on the role of translation in news production. A norm for news to be translated using an acculturating strategy has been identified and argued to be necessary in the case of journalistic texts (Bassnett, 2005). This thesis considers the acculturation norm to be problematic for two reasons: 1) acculturation obscures the translation process, and therefore the intervention of the journalist-translator in translated quotations; 2) acculturation obscures, and therefore prevents the reader from engaging with, the foreign source culture. It asks whether there might be scope for introducing a degree of foreignisation, and what the impact might be on reading ease, translation awareness and the potential for news translation to facilitate cosmopolitan openness. The thesis builds on the work of Cronin (2006) and Bielsa (2010; 2012; 2014) in introducing the sociological concept of cosmopolitanism to translation studies. The potential for news translation to enable cosmopolitan connections, a normative ideal in this thesis, is considered to be fulfilled by a translation strategy that reveals rather than obscures the foreignness of the source news context (Bielsa, 2014). As prolific news content providers, the global agencies (Reuters, Associated Press and Agence France-Presse) are the focus of the research; with Reuters, British readers and news from France as a case study. A ‘foreignised’ strategy is developed as a hypothetical, yet viable, alternative to current practice. The changes impact the translation of culture-specific terms and quotations; two elements of foreign news reporting that always involve translation. A reader-response investigation is conducted using focus groups, an under-used method in translation studies. The data indicates the strategy does not have a negative impact on reading ease and illuminates the cosmopolitan potential of a foreignised approach to news translation.
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Rodriguez, Martinez Alejandro. "A translation of competitiveness and its global implications : comparison of Brazil and Mexico under the lens of the Global Competitiveness Report". Thesis, Gotland University, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-418.
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The importance of the tasks performed by international organizations is increasing at the global level and the discourse used is the one of progress and development. The aim of this thesis is to introduce a new approach regarding the discussions of development in terms of competitiveness and transnational governance by discussing these subjects within the same framework. The empirical findings are focused on the main organizations contributing with different translations of competitiveness and the tools used to measure it, such as nation rankings. In addition, findings stress how within development theory, the concept of competitiveness has become quite popular in media and among policy makers, presidents, prime ministers, scholars and the like. Some of these actors use the term quite loosely and without a further and deeper understanding of the concept, while others endeavor on contributing with different definitions. The World Economic Forum and its Global Competitiveness Index has become if not the most, one out of the two more mentioned and used indexes measuring competitiveness of nations. The GCI is used in this paper to compare two economies in the Latin-American region: Brazil and Mexico, since for a long time Mexico was depicted as a more competitive economy, but in the latest years Brazil has managed, within the GCI perspective, to be depicted as more competitive. The final result of the comparison and what nations should do to be more competitive within the Latin American region is in line with what academics have already discussed. But the main contribution of this thesis is the analysis of the popularity of rankings developed by international organizations, and at the same time, what traits of transnational governance can one identify in such trend, being these rankings an attractive tool to spread free-market ideologies in order to develop a global order.
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Rich, Danielle Leigh. "Global Fandom: The Circulation of Japanese Popular Culture in the U.S". Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4905.
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This dissertation is a case study of the dissemination and circulation of Japanese popular cultures in the U.S., specifically focusing on the collective reception practices of individuals who identify as fans of Japanese animation, comic books, and video games. The key questions driving this project are: what difference does it make that young Americans are consuming popular cultures that are 1) international in origin and 2) specifically Japanese in origin? To answer these questions I carried out ethnographic research - such as subject interviews, questionnaires, and participant observation - to understand the significance of young adults' interest in Japanese animation and comic book works (usually referred to as "anime" and "manga," respectively). In response to my ethnographic investigation of U.S. fans' practices and experiences, I argue that many young Americans use their practices of consuming and circulating these international popular cultures to transform their immediate social landscapes, and therefore, their social and national identities as well. I also draw on methodologies from a variety of disciplines, pairing ethnographic fieldwork practices with audience reception and fandom studies, transnational media studies, and book studies approaches in order make connections between the social, cultural, performative, and national dimensions of Japanese popular culture fandom in the U.S.
In addition to exploring subjects' relationship to the texts they consume, I also target the embodied spaces and processes by which Japanese popular culture is actually circulated and experienced by local U.S. audience groups. In doing so, I strive to follow the "digital life" Japanese popular culture has taken in its jump to English-language translation world-wide and the significant role fans have played in facilitating unofficial flows of Japanese popular culture through specific translation practices. I examine the scholarly and fandom struggle over ideological questions of the "authenticity" and "Americanization" of adaptations of Japanese media in the North American marketplace, as well as the struggle between fans and official adapters to assert forms of ownership over these representations. Such struggles involve these groups' often conflicting practices of adaptation, translation, and circulation of these cultures.
This research adds an important dimension to current scholarship on cultural manifestations of globalization and so-called "Americanization" processes as I show how commodities from outside the U.S. are first received by U.S. audiences and then transformed through this audience's participatory engagement with the production and circulation of these works in the English language. As such, this research engages with key issues of cultural transmission, translation, practices of media localization, transnational flows, and identity formation and fandom.
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Dicorato, Alessia. "Transcreation: a Fundamental Tool in Global Advertising Campaigns". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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This dissertation explores the potential of transcreation, a translational practice specially directed at advertising texts. It is aimed at demonstrating that in multiple cases transcreation represents the only possible way to translate texts whose purpose is to persuade their readers to buy a certain product. Hence, it constitues a fundamental resource for all companies willing to access global markets. In an attempt to prove it, this dissertation is divided into three chapters. While the first chapter develops theoretical arguments on transcreation, ranging from its function to language strategies, the second one illustrates the practice of transcreation through fifteen selected advertisements alongside their briefs. The third chapter is intended to comment decisions taken on the transcreated and translated texts supported by the theories analysed in the first chapter.
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Busi, Gioia. "Changes in the translation industry: A prospectus on the near future of innovation in machine translation". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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This thesis aims to analyze the supposed inevitability of a breakthrough in machine translation and the role that this breakthrough will play in the evolution of translation companies. It will analyze the changes that are happening and what repercussions those changes will have on the decisions made by students, professionals, agencies, and institutions over the next twenty years.
This paper will be divided into three main sections:
The first part will provide a background of today’s translation industry and consider the advent of machine translation in translation agencies and its continuous developments.
In the second part of this essay, I will illustrate how I carried out my research inside Global Voices - a translation agency based in Stirling, Scotland, in which I have interned as Project Manager in December 2018 - to understand what use the translation agency makes of machine translation, also conveying my colleagues’ thoughts about it.
The conclusion will recapitulate the topics approached, revolve around the main findings of this study and try to foresee what translators should expect from the future, how in my opinion they should deal with the changes the future will bring.
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Zhang, Lu. "Transnational Feminisms in Translation: The Making of a Women’s Anti-Domestic Violence Movement in China". The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1210773765.
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Santafe, Aso Isabel. "Beyond words : a multimodal approach to translation applied to global standardised advertising campaigns in international women's magazines". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/9708.
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This thesis draws critically on approaches to globalisation, translation and advertising to analyse current translation practices using multimodal advertising texts. The purpose of this study is both to show evidence of the need to approach advertising translation from an interdisciplinary and intersemiotic perspective, and to remark on the need to incorporate such an approach into translation training and practice. It is developed in the broader context of globalisation and its impacts on socio-economic changes and cultural interaction worldwide. The intensification of global communications together with technological advances enhance the steady flow of knowledge and information, whilst at the same time there is a tendency to accentuate commonalities between cultures, clearly illustrated by standardised strategies used in global advertising campaigns. However, one key obstacle in the spread of standardised messages is language diversity, something that has caused translation to gain an active role in global advertising since it facilitates dialogue between global companies and international consumers; thus, translation has not only become an activity that overcomes linguistic and cultural barriers but also a commercial tool. This thesis focuses on the translation of advertisements as an intentional communication act that involves a team process into which translation may be integrated. Translation encompasses concepts that go beyond linguistic matters such as contextual issues and extralinguistic communication sign systems. The translation of advertisements is a growing area of study, with current research mainly limited to the study of linguistic matters. Consequently, in order to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of multimodal translations (text and images in this study) in a professional context, this research incorporates concepts and knowledge from visual analysis and advertising. This thesis suggests a multimodal method of analysis consisting of different phases integrating visual analysis as a part of the translation process. The 2 proposed methodology is illustrated by a corpus of Spanish-English pairs of standardised print advertisements from the beauty and cosmetics sector. The conclusion is that it is vital to consider the extralinguistic aspects surrounding a multimodal text from both a descriptive and critical perspective in order to read connotative information from words, images and the text-image unit. Translation training might also benefit from including this multimodal approach and further collaborative work must be done between translators and marketers to better understand and consolidate the role of translation in this area.
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Nguyen, Thi Kim Khanh. "How a global trend is translated into a local context. The spread of MOOCs into Swedish universities". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388578.
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Despite the fact that Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have been seen as a new global education phenomenon over the last decade, MOOCs are still in the early stage of its development in Sweden. MOOCs are being adopted into the Swedish context through the application of translation theory. This process of translation has been a slow process in Sweden. The aim of this thesis is to describe how a global idea is translated to Swedish context, and explore the reasons behind the slow pace of that process in that country, thus contributing to empirical research of the role of actors in the process of translating an idea. Why and how does a university respond to an emerging global idea? In the process of translating and spreading the MOOCs phenomenon at Swedish HEIs, what has been the role of various actors, and their activities involved in this process? Qualitative research is based on one case study, with abductive reasoning. The translation of MOOC in Sweden is an active, complicated process, and involves a number of actors such as professors, researchers, government, education authorities and students whose activities actively edit, contextualize, and circulate the concept of MOOCs into Swedish HEIs. The findings indicate that the translation process is still slow and undirected due to the lack of support for management and leadership at all levels. However, indicators are that MOOCs will eventually be fully implemented at Swedish Higher Education Institutions, and will be developed as a national platform in Sweden.
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RUSSO, ARIANNA. "Increasing Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF6) gene dosage stimulates global translation and induces a transcriptional and metabolic rewiring that blocks Programmed Cell Death". Doctoral thesis, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11579/97190.
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Schwanhäußer, Björn. "Global analysis of cellular protein dynamics by pulse-labeling and quanti tati ve mass spectrometry". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16305.
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Der erste Teil der Arbeit beschreibt die Etablierung einer modifizierten Form des klassichen SILAC-Verfahrens, das in der quantitativen Massenspektrometrie zur Bestimmung von relativen Änderungen in Proteinmengen benutzt wird. Im sog. „pulsed SILAC (pSILAC)“ Verfahren werden Zellen im Zuge einer differentiellen Behandlung in Kulturmedien transferiert, die unterschiedlich Isotop-markierte Aminosäuren enthalten. Da hier die Quantifizierung auf dem Verhältnis der neusynthetisierten Proteinmengen beruht, können gezielt Unterschiede in der Proteinproduktion bestimmt werden. Mit Hilfe von pSILAC konnte im zweiten Teil der Arbeit erstmals quantitativ erfasst werden, welchen Einfluss microRNAs auf die Proteinsynthese ausüben. So konnte gezeigt werden, dass sowohl die Überexpression als auch die Repression einzelner microRNAs die Produktion hunderter Proteine beeinflussen kann. Außerdem konnten Genprodukte identifiziert werden, die ausschließlich translational reguliert werden. Die Messung von Proteinneusynthese ermöglichte auch die Bestimmung von Proteinumsatzraten, dargestellt im dritten Teil der Arbeit. Zusammen mit mRNA-Umsatzraten sowie Protein- und mRNA-Mengen bilden sie die Grundlage für eine dynamische Beschreibung zelluärer Genexpression. Durch den gleichzeitigen Einsatz des Nukleosidanalogons 4-Thiouridin (4sU) und von schweren Aminosäuren (SILAC) konnte eine metabolische Markierung neusynthetiserter mRNAs und Proteine in murinen Fibroblasten erreicht und damit eine Berechnung von Protein- und mRNA-Halbwertszeiten und absoluten Mengen für ca. 5,000 Gene ermöglicht werden. Während mRNA- und Proteinenmengen deutlich korrelierten, war zwischen mRNA- und Proteinhalbwertszeiten nur eine äußerste schwache Korrelation zu erkennen. Dennoch stehen mRNA- und Proteinumsatzraten nicht einem willkürlichen Zusammhang zu einander, da bestimmte Kombinationen von mRNA- und Proteinhalbwertszeiten eine Optimierung von Genen hinsichtlich ihrer biologischen Funktionen erkennen ließen.The first part of the thesis describes the establishment of a modified version of the classic SILAC approach routinely used in quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) to assay relative changes in protein levels. In the newly-devised approach termed pulsed SILAC (pSILAC) differentially treated cells are transferred to culture medium supplemented with different versions of stable-isotope labeled heavy amino acids. As MS-based relative quantification is exclusively based on the newly-synthesized heavy protein amounts the method enables the detection of differences in protein production resulting from the treatment. The second part of the thesis shows the use of pSILAC to globally quantify the impact of microRNAs onto the proteome. Ectopic over-expression or knock-down of a single microRNA both affected protein production of hundreds of proteins. pSILAC identified several target genes as exclusively translationally regulated as changes in corresponding transcript levels were virtually absent. Measuring newly-synthesized protein amounts with heavy amino acids in a pulsed-labeling fashion has also been used to determine turnover rates of individual proteins, described in the third part of the present work. Along with transcript turnover as well as mRNA and protein levels they are essential for a dynamic description of gene expression. Simultaneous application of the nucleoside analogue 4-thiouridine (4sU) and heavy amino acids (SILAC) to metabolically label newly-produced mRNAs and proteins in mouse fibroblasts resulted in the calculation of mRNA and protein lifetimes and absolute levels for approximately 5,000 genes. While mRNA and protein levels were overall well correlated, a correlation between mRNA and protein half-lives was virtually absent. Yet this seemingly chaotic distribution of mRNA and protein half-lives was highly instructive since specific gene subsets have obviously evolved distinct combinations of half-lives that relate to their biological functions.
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Liu, Bin Liu. "Translation-mediated Organization Discourse in Cyberspace: A Contrastive Convention Analysis of Selected Localized and Non-localized English-language Organization Websites". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1529509810823637.
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Murtas, Jessica. "WMO Statement on the State of the Global Climate: Traduzione dall’inglese all’italiano del rapporto specializzato sul clima nel 2019 dell’Organizzazione Meteorologica Mondiale (OMM)". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22907/.
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Lo scopo del presente elaborato è quello di proporre la traduzione dall'inglese all'italiano di un rapporto riguardante il clima, intitolato WMO Statement on the State of the Global Climate in 2019 e pubblicato dall'Organizzazione Meteorologica Mondiale (OMM) nello stesso anno. Il rapporto include analisi provenienti da servizi meteorologici e idrologici nazionali, istituzioni internazionali, agenzie delle Nazioni Unite ed esperti scientifici. L'OMM si concentra su sette Indicatori Climatici per descrivere il cambiamento climatico su scala mondiale. La traduzione proposta all’interno del presente elaborato potrebbe aiutare i destinatari italiani, in particolare i lettori semi-esperti, che ricercano documenti tradotti nel settore del clima e della meteorologia, in quanto il materiale in questo ambito è disponibile soprattutto in lingua inglese. Quindi, poiché l’OMM non traduce i suoi rapporti in italiano, la presente traduzione potrebbe risultare utile per l’ente e per altre istituzioni che hanno l’obiettivo di raggiungere un pubblico più vasto. Il presente elaborato si suddivide in sei capitoli. Nel primo capitolo viene fornita una panoramica dell'istituzione che ha pubblicato il testo di partenza. Il secondo capitolo presenta un'analisi teorica dei linguaggi specialistici, nonché una breve panoramica sul linguaggio istituzionale e sulla comunicazione nell’ambito del clima e dell’ambiente. Il terzo capitolo si concentra sull'identificazione del genere e include un'analisi del testo di partenza. Il quarto capitolo contiene una breve panoramica sulla linguistica dei corpora e descrive i corpora ad hoc creati per il processo di traduzione. Il quinto capitolo comprende la traduzione del testo di partenza in italiano. Infine, il sesto capitolo offre un commento alla traduzione.
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Al-Bassam, Sulayman. "Adapting Shakespearean drama for and in the Middle East : process and product". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/21087.
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This dissertation chronicles the development of a series of plays, collectively referred to as The Arab Shakespeare Trilogy, from the perspective of their playwright Sulayman Al-Bassam. Together, The Al-Hamlet Summit (2002-2005), Richard III, An Arab Tragedy (2007-2009), and The Speaker's Progress (2011-2012) register the eruptive social, political, and cultural contexts of the Arab world during the first decade of the twenty-first century while negotiating the adaptation of Shakespeare's plays to a form thought-provoking and entertaining to audiences both within and outside the Middle East. The document outlines the inception of the project, which includes both personal and historical context, and provides more specific commentary on the production of each play individually. In addition to its focus on the specific impact of 9/11, and its global consequences, on the development of these dramatic works, it attends to topics including the technical and ideological challenges of linguistic and cultural translation, the adaptation of Shakespeare in Arabic theatre, the politics of art and drama in the Arab world, and the involvement of art in the shaping of the ethics of cross-cultural representation. Of particular interest are the linguistic conditions bearing upon the adaptation of English language texts into multi-lingual and cross- cultural works, the effects of the globalisation of politics and media, and the international touring life of the plays between the Arab region and wider world. The play texts of the Trilogy make up the second part of the document. The methodology of this dissertation deploys historical contextualisation, autobiographical memoir, literary analysis and creative improvisation. The play-texts are dramatic adaptations of specific Shakespeare texts to the Arab world.
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Essig, Katharina [Verfasser], i Vigo [Akademischer Betreuer] Heissmeyer. "A global definition of Roquin-mediated regulation of mRNA expression and translation uncovers its impact on PI3K-mTOR signaling and T cell differentiation / Katharina Essig ; Betreuer: Vigo Heissmeyer". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1182899633/34.
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Tallman, Nicole. "Intercultural Communication in the Global Age: Lessons Learned from French Technical Communicators". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5873.
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This thesis explores the cultural considerations American technical communicators must address when working with French colleagues and when creating technical documentation for French audiences. A review of the literature on intercultural communication theory was conducted, along with a review of the limited research on technical communication in France and the needs of French audiences. A qualitative online survey of French technical communicators was also conducted. Through this survey, French technical communicators reported on their intercultural beliefs, experiences, and practices, and information, language, and cultural needs. Survey responses were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Two main themes were developed as a result of this analysis: the importance of adapting content to French audiences, and the cultural differences between French and American information needs and communication styles. Survey findings were combined with theoretical and practical literature to offer American technical communicators guidance for successful intercultural interactions. This thesis concludes with suggestions for future practice and research in intercultural technical communication.M.A.
Masters
English
Arts and Humanities
English; Technical Communications
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Bystrova-McIntyre, Tatyana. "Cohesion in Translation: A Corpus Study of Human-translated, Machine-translated, and Non-translated Texts (Russian into English)". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1353451112.
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Zumpano, Camila Eugênia. "Tradução, adaptação transcultural e validação do Banco de Itens Saúde Global do Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System - PROMIS® - para a Língua Portuguesa". Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2015. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/12845.
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The use of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measures (PROMs), which considers the patient\'s perspective on his/her own health and treatment, has gained importance on clinical practice and research. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) revolutionized the area when it started providing precise and valid item banks in different health domains, calibrated by the Item Response Theory (IRT), and used for the evaluation of the impact of different chronic diseases on the patient\'s quality of life. The aim of this study was to translate, cross-culturally adapt and validate the PROMIS® Global Health Item Bank into Portuguese. The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) methodology was used to translate and cross-culturally adapt the ten items of the bank. The final version of the assessment tool translated into Portuguese was self-administered in 1010 patients. The statistical analysis conducted were: ceiling and floor effects, internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, construct validity through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and item calibration through Samejima\'s Graded Response Model (GRM). Four global items needed to be adjusted after pre-test. The analysis of the psychometric properties showed that the PROMIS® Global Health Item Bank has good reliability Cronbach\'s alpha was 0.83 and intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.89. The correlation between the assessment tool and the physical and psychological domains of the WHOQOL-bref ranged from moderated to strong (rho = 0.478 and 0.571, respectively). The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the validity of the item bank, since they showed a good adjustment to the two dimensional model previously established (Global Physical Health scale: CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.04, SRMR = 0.019; Global Mental Health scale: CFI = 1.00, TLI = 1.00, RMSEA = 0.00, SRMR = 0.011). The Global Physical Health and Global Mental Health scales showed good coverage of the latent trait according to Samejima s Graded Response Model. The PROMIS® Global Health Item Banks translated into Portuguese achieved conceptual, semantic, cultural, and operational equivalences, and demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties regarding its use in Brazilian patients for clinical practice and research.A utilização das Medidas de Resultados Relatados pelo Paciente (MRRP), as quais, incorporam a perspectiva do próprio paciente acerca de sua saúde e tratamento, tem ganhado relevância na prática clínica e em pesquisa. O Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) revolucionou esta área ao fornecer bancos de itens precisos e válidos, de vários domínios da saúde, calibrados pela Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI) e destinados à avaliação do impacto de diversas doenças crônicas na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi traduzir, adaptar transculturalmente e validar o Banco de Itens Saúde Global do PROMIS® para a língua portuguesa. Os dez itens Saúde Global foram traduzidos e adaptados transculturalmente por meio da metodologia proposta pelo Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT). A versão final do instrumento para a língua portuguesa foi autoadministrada em 1010 participantes. As análises estatísticas realizadas foram: efeito piso e teto, confiabilidade da consistência interna, confiabilidade teste-reteste, validade convergente, validade de construto por meio da análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória, e calibração dos itens por meio do Modelo de Resposta Gradual proposto por Samejima. Quatro itens globais necessitaram de ajustes após a realização do pré-teste. A análise das propriedades psicométricas demonstrou que o Banco de Itens Saúde Global tem boa confiabilidade, com coeficiente alfa Cronbach de 0,83 e coeficiente de correlação intraclasse de 0,89. A correlação entre este instrumento e os domínios físico e psicológico do WHOQOL-bref foi de moderada a forte (rho = 0,478 e 0,571, respectivamente). As análises fatoriais exploratória e confirmatória comprovaram a validade deste banco de itens, pois revelaram um bom ajuste ao modelo previamente estabelecido de duas dimensões (escala Saúde Física Global: CFI = 0,99, TLI = 0,98, RMSEA = 0,04, SRMR = 0,019; e escala Saúde Mental Global: CFI = 1,00, TLI = 1,00, RMSEA = 0,00, SRMR = 0,011). As escalas Saúde Física Global e Saúde Mental Global apresentaram uma boa cobertura do traço latente de acordo com o Modelo de Resposta Gradual. Os itens Saúde Global do PROMIS® para a língua portuguesa apresentaram equivalência conceitual, semântica, cultural e operacional em relação à versão original em inglês norte-americano e propriedades psicométricas satisfatórias para aplicação direcionada à população brasileira na prática clínica e em pesquisas.
Mestre em Ciências da Saúde
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Borie, Craig. "MEDIUM TO LONG TERM IMPACTS ON FORMER PARTICIPANTS OF THE SHOULDER TO SHOULDER GLOBAL BRIGADES TO ECUADOR". UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cld_etds/45.
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Medium to Long Term Impacts on Former Participants of the Shoulder to Shoulder Global Brigades to Ecuador. International service learning and voluntourism programs in global health evoke benefits for both community and the intervener. While it is clear that the Shoulder to Shoulder Global program at the University of Kentucky provides a service to an economically resource poor community in Santo Domingo, Ecuador, what is unclear is the impact these interprofessional experiences have on the participants that travel with the four times a year health brigades. This study proposes to answer the question of what are the educational, personal and professional impacts that brigade participants experience. Alumni of the Shoulder to Shoulder Global health brigades from 2007 – 2017 were sent a twenty-three question survey to better understand the impact of this program. Seventy-five responses to the quantitative and qualitative questions were received and a chi square analysis was performed of subgroups within the seventy-five respondents. The findings indicate that this program has positively impacted participants in all three areas, with strong evidence to show that the impacts are related to the initial and intermediate outcomes, with more data needed to better assess the long-term program outcomes.
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Полежай, А. І. "Відображення процесів глобалізації в рекламному дискурсі в мовах оригіналу та перекладу". Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81116.
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Захищено англійською мовоюДипломна робота присвячена вивченню англомовного рекламного дискурсу у глобалізованому світі. У рамках дослідження аналізуються стилістичні засоби, які використовуються у рекламних слоганах, вивчаються основні проблеми та особливості перекладу рекламних текстів. Також була описана методика навчання перекладу малих текстів. Мета: полягає у вивченні особливостей перекладу англійських друкованих рекламних текстів та здійсненні їх комплексного аналізу. Теоретичне значення: полягає в тому, що її результати можуть бути використані при подальшому вивченні мовної специфіки рекламного тексту в сучасній англійській мові та в якості додаткового матеріалу при підготовці перекладачів при роботі з рекламними текстами і рекламними слоганами.
Дипломная работа посвящена изучению англоязычного рекламного дискурса в глобализированном мире. В рамках исследования анализируются стилистические средства, используемые в рекламных слоганах, изучаются основные проблемы и особенности перевода рекламных текстов. Также была описана методика обучения переводу малых текстов. Цель: заключается в изучении особенностей перевода английских печатных рекламных текстов и осуществлении их комплексного анализа. Теоретическое значение: заключается в том, что ее результаты могут быть использованы при дальнейшем изучении языковой специфики рекламного текста в современном английском языке и в качестве дополнительного материала при подготовке переводчиков при работе с рекламными текстами и рекламными слоганами.
The master thesis is devoted to the study of English advertising discourse in a globalized world. The study analyzes the stylistic means used in advertising slogans, it examines the main problems and features of tadvertising texts translation. As part of a study the method of teaching translation of small texts was also described. Goal is to examine the peculiarities of the translation of English advertising texts and to carry out their comprehensive analysis. Theoretical meaning is that its results can be used in the further study of the linguistic specificity of English advertising text and as well as it can be considered as additional material in the training of translators.
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Anderson, Terpstra Kristin. "Spreading the word : fan translations of manga in a global context". Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3423.
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Manga, or Japanese comic books, are one of the newest popular media imports from Japan to garner a sizable following in the U.S. Shortly before the establishment of an American manga publishing industry and the investment in resources to publish manga legally, fans calling themselves scanslators or scanlators (scan + translators) began translating Japanese manga themselves and distributing it to other fans through the Internet. This dissertation focuses on the manga importation process from several different angles, comparing within each the struggles and similarities between the actions and motives of scanslators and publishers. Comparing and contrasting the practices and norms of scanslators with those of the American manga publishing industry, this case study will provide insight into the ways that fans of transnational texts are involved in a system of global media flows whose paths are determined by legal, cultural, economic, and political forces.
This work focuses on three stages in the manga importation process: selection, translation, and distribution. This study is based on the textual analysis of trade journal articles and web sites, informed by interviews with scanslators and manga industry workers. I conducted interviews over a six-month period in 2008, focusing on two groups, the publishing company Tokyopop and the scanslation group "Paradise." I carried out follow-up interviews a year later. I supplemented these interviews with interviews from freelance manga translators. I demonstrate principles influencing the flow of other kinds of media across borders. Manga serves as a prime example of the rise and transformation of a genre in the book market, and more broadly as a form of media. This case also serves as a snapshot of a moment of change within the publishing industries as they move towards increased digitization.
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Leung, Shui-on. "Transcription and translation of the human #theta#-globin gene". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291083.
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Kannambath, Shichina. "Systems biology analysis of global mRNA translational regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/systems-biology-analysis-of-global-mrna-translational-regulation-in-saccharomyces-cerevisiae(7c81b6fc-c460-46a9-ba4b-427886f0a801).html.
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mRNA translation is one of the fundamental and well controlled cellular process requiring the combined function of a large number of molecular components. The three main stages of translation, initiation, elongation and termination are facilitated by more than 20 proteins known as translation factors. Translation is the final step in the flow of genetic information,and regulation at this level allows for an immediate and rapid response to changes in physiological conditions. The control exerted at the systems level of translation has not precisely been characterized. Three different techniques have been employed to quantitative the control exerted by the respective translation factors. In the first approach, employing the microscopic techniques, in vivo intra-cellular distribution of translation elongation and release factors were analysed with TCM and GFP tags. The result indicates that the factors are cytoplasmically distributed which cannot influence the overall translational control. In the second approach, the protein expression levels of the elongation and release factors were titrated progressively to explore their control effects on global translation regulation. The endogenous promoter of each translation factor was substituted by the tetO7 synthetic promoter to regulate the expression level in response to varying concentrations of doxycycline. Measurement of protein synthesis rate and the growth rate at different levels of the elongation and release factors provide insight to system-level control. The results indicate that the elongation factors eEF1A and eEF2 and the release factor eRF1 exert an unexpectedly high degree of control over translation rate. Moreover, these factors, along with elongation factor eEF3 were found to be functionally dedicated to translation, in contrast to eEF1B and eRF3, which is evidently multifunctional. In the third approach, a mathematical model has been developed to represent the control landscape of the translational machinery. This translation model is a powerful tool that will be used in the quantitative analysis of translation when two factors are made limiting at a time. The extensive study carried out on the translational regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals an interesting observation of the involvement of each translation factors. For the first time, the quantitative measurement of the translational regulation reveals the translational regulation exerted by individual translation factors.
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Ashrafian, Hutan. "Global bio-systems modulation and the translational metabolic physiology of bariatric surgery". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/25304.
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The global pandemic of obesity continues to escalate worldwide and results in severe multisystem metabolic dysfunction in the expanding population of its sufferers. It is associated with the concurrent pathologies of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer and sleep apnea, which have also increased in prevalence over the past decade. Obesity can be mapped in social networks and is recognised as a fundamental element of the metabolic syndrome contributing to the global burden of diabesity and oncobesity. Its impact on global health has resulted in a massive burden on healthcare services and is among the most prominent contributors to mounting healthcare costs. Despite its pathological impact, the non-surgical management of obesity through behavioural, lifestyle and pharmacotherapies has not offered dependable benefits in severely obese patients. Bariatric surgery has demonstrated consistent weight loss in morbidly obese subjects and is increasingly performed worldwide to treat morbid obesity. Furthermore, these operations may produce beneficial metabolic effects especially with respect to improvement in type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Understanding surgical weight loss mechanisms and metabolic modulation is required to enhance patient benefits and operative outcomes. A surgical model of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) was developed as an experimental platform to investigate the metabolic effects of bariatric surgery. The model was studied through a systems biology approach to characterize systemic and gastro-intestinal surgical metabolic modulation. Analysis of postoperative faecal samples from this rodent model revealed a powerful shift in gut microbial ecology and also highlighted the role of RYGB surgery in regulating the cross-talk between the gut microbiome and its mammalian host. Similar metabolic changes were also identified in human subjects undergoing bariatric surgery. Analysis of plasma and cardiac tissue revealed shifts in metabolic activity, reflected by enhanced cardiac energy metabolism. Overall, the results of this work identify some of the potential mechanisms behind bariatric surgical weight loss and systemic metabolic enhancement. This study not only supports the term metabolic surgery but also identifies the global multi-systemic benefits of bariatric surgical procedures. As such, the findings presented in this thesis may in future contribute to the enhancement of current bariatric procedures and the development of the next-generation of innovative metabolic therapies.
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Cherlet, Jan Louisa Herman <1981>. "Development Aid to Water Management in Mali: The Actors, ‘Global’ Paradigms, and ‘Local’ Translations". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5058/2/CHERLET_2012_Development_Aid_to_Water_Management_in_Mali_FINAL.pdf.
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Development aid involves a complex network of numerous and extremely heterogeneous actors. Nevertheless, all actors seem to speak the same ‘development jargon’ and to display a congruence that extends from the donor over the professional consultant to the village chief. And although the ideas about what counts as ‘good’ and ‘bad’ aid have constantly changed over time —with new paradigms and policies sprouting every few years— the apparent congruence between actors more or less remains unchanged. How can this be explained? Is it a strategy of all actors to get into the pocket of the donor, or are the social dynamics in development aid more complex? When a new development paradigm appears, where does it come from and how does it gain support? Is this support really homogeneous?
To answer the questions, a multi-sited ethnography was conducted in the sector of water-related development aid, with a focus on 3 paradigms that are currently hegemonic in this sector: Integrated Water Resources Management, Capacity Building, and Adaptation to Climate Change. The sites of inquiry were: the headquarters of a multilateral organization, the headquarters of a development NGO, and the Inner Niger Delta in Mali.
The research shows that paradigm shifts do not happen overnight but that new paradigms have long lines of descent. Moreover, they require a lot of work from actors in order to become hegemonic; the actors need to create a tight network of support. Each actor, however, interprets the paradigms in a slightly different way, depending on the position in the network. They implant their own interests in their interpretation of the paradigm (the actors ‘translate’ their interests), regardless of whether they constitute the donor, a mediator, or the aid recipient. These translations are necessary to cement and reproduce the network.
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Cherlet, Jan Louisa Herman <1981>. "Development Aid to Water Management in Mali: The Actors, ‘Global’ Paradigms, and ‘Local’ Translations". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5058/.
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Development aid involves a complex network of numerous and extremely heterogeneous actors. Nevertheless, all actors seem to speak the same ‘development jargon’ and to display a congruence that extends from the donor over the professional consultant to the village chief. And although the ideas about what counts as ‘good’ and ‘bad’ aid have constantly changed over time —with new paradigms and policies sprouting every few years— the apparent congruence between actors more or less remains unchanged. How can this be explained? Is it a strategy of all actors to get into the pocket of the donor, or are the social dynamics in development aid more complex? When a new development paradigm appears, where does it come from and how does it gain support? Is this support really homogeneous?
To answer the questions, a multi-sited ethnography was conducted in the sector of water-related development aid, with a focus on 3 paradigms that are currently hegemonic in this sector: Integrated Water Resources Management, Capacity Building, and Adaptation to Climate Change. The sites of inquiry were: the headquarters of a multilateral organization, the headquarters of a development NGO, and the Inner Niger Delta in Mali.
The research shows that paradigm shifts do not happen overnight but that new paradigms have long lines of descent. Moreover, they require a lot of work from actors in order to become hegemonic; the actors need to create a tight network of support. Each actor, however, interprets the paradigms in a slightly different way, depending on the position in the network. They implant their own interests in their interpretation of the paradigm (the actors ‘translate’ their interests), regardless of whether they constitute the donor, a mediator, or the aid recipient. These translations are necessary to cement and reproduce the network.
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Pastore, Alessia. "Transcreation: teoria e pratica dell’adattamento di campagne pubblicitarie globali". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20444/.
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This dissertation explores the practice of transcreation as a consulting service aimed at companies wishing to enter the global market. Since a universally accepted definition of such term does not exist, different players use it to refer to different activities. In an attempt to investigate the meaning and scope of transcreation, as well as the skillset it requires, this dissertation consists of a theoretical part (Chapters 1 and 2) and a practical part (Chapter 3).
The first chapter presents the opinions of academics, language services providers (LSPs) and transcreation experts. The different positions collected in this section are compared and discussed in order to better define transcreation and avoid any further misunderstanding about the practice. Lastly, the first chapter analyses the role of the transcreation expert by explaining in detail the four main skills it requires and the reasons for its increasing importance in the global market.
The second chapter examines advertising and promotional materials, i.e. the kinds of texts to which transcreation applies. Not only does it illustrate the difference between above-the-line and below-the-line communications, but it also covers the different media used in advertising. In addition, the analysis of a billboard and two web pages in their Italian transcreation will help to further clarify the difference between translation and transcreation, both in the approach to a text and in the actual workflow followed.
The third and final chapter of the dissertation, which entails the English to Italian transcreation of five different print ads performed by this author, aims to show how transcreation works in practice. By highlighting the main strategies used and difficulties encountered, it will also contribute to the notion of transcreation as a hybrid practice – something halfway between translation and copywriting, performed by professionals who possess the skills of both translators and copywriters.
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Devey, Alyssa. "Death as Meridian: Paul Celan's Translations of Emily Dickinson's "Because I could not stop for Death" and "Let down the Bars, Oh Death"". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5936.
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Paul Celan's translations of Emily Dickinson's poems Because I could not stop for Death and Let down the Bars, Oh Death illuminate the global metaphor inherent in both poems' exploration of death. Celan's The Meridian speech, coupled with Dickinson's poems I saw no way and Tell all the truth, suggest that language can move in different directions across a globe at the same time. When these different lines meet, they reach a meridian of the spiritual and the material. As Celan translates Dickinson's two poems, he uses this global metaphor to place more emphasis on death and to further illuminate how ambiguity is used in the poems to represent what death is, thus highlighting Dickinson's original project in her death poems.
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Hoefener, Carl E. "GPS: THE LOGICAL TOOL FOR PRECISION TRACKING IN SPACE". International Foundation for Telemetering, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613092.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / November 04-07, 1991 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaAs we develop more space vehicles, a pressing requirement emerges to provide precision tracking information. This need for exact time and space-position information (TSPI) persists whether developing and testing space weapons or locating the precise position of intelligence-gathering satellites. Because this is a worldwide tracking requirement, the use of conventional tracking techniques such as radar is precluded. Fortunately the Global Positioning System (GPS) is now in place and can provide the tracking information required. GPS offers two techniques for tracking space vehicles. A GPS receiver can be installed on the vehicle to determine the position that is then relayed to a ground terminal, or a GPS frequency translator can be used to compute the vehicle position at the master groundsite. Since both techniques have been proven satisfactory, the specific tracking requirement determines the method selected. For the flight tests of the Exoatmospheric Reentry-Vehicle Interceptor Subsystem (ERIS), the GPS frequency translator technique is used. A GPS frequency translator is installed on the target (a reentry-vehicle launched on a Minuteman from Vandenberg), and a translator is also installed on the ERIS, which is launched from Meck Island in the Kwajalein Atoll. The GPS frequency translator approach was chosen for these tests for a variety of reasons, the most important of which were the limited instrumentation space on the target and interceptor, the extreme dynamics of the interceptor, the tracking accuracy required, and the range at which the operation must be tracked. For the tracking of orbiting satellites, a GPS receiver can be flown on the satellite with its derived position information continuously stored. This data can then be dumped as the satellite passes over a selected groundsite.
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Chong, Winnie P. C. "Mapping post-translational modifications of the core histones across the chicken β-globin locus". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271376.
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Jin, Gan. "Système de traduction automatique français-chinois dans le domaine de la sécurité globale". Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA1006.
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Dans ce mémoire, nous présentons outre les résultats de recherche en vue d’un système de traduction automatique français–chinois, les apports théoriques à partir de la théorie SyGULAC et de la théorie micro-systémique avec ses calculs ainsi que les méthodologies élaborées tendant à une application sure et fiable dans le cadre de la traduction automatique. L’application porte sur des domaines de sécurité critique tels que l’aéronautique, la médecine, la sécurité civile. Tout d’abord un état de l’art du domaine de la traduction automatique, en Chine et en France, est utile pour commencer la lecture. Les faiblesses des systèmes actuels à travers des tests que nous réalisons prouvent l’intérêt de cette recherche. Nous donnons les raisons pour lesquelles nous avons choisi la théorie micro-systémique et la théorie SyGULAC. Nous expliquons ensuite les problématiques rencontrées au cours de notre recherche. L’ambigüité, obstacle majeur pour la compréhensibilité et la traductibilité d’un texte, se situe à tous les niveaux de la langue : syntaxique, morphologique, lexical, nominal ou encore verbal. L’identification des unités d’une phrase est aussi une étape préalable à la compréhension globale, que cela soit pour un être humain ou un système de traduction. Nous dressons un état des lieux de la divergence entre la langue française et la langue chinoise en vue de réaliser un système de traduction automatique. Nous essayons d’observer la structure aux niveaux verbal, nominal et lexical, de comprendre leurs liens et leurs interactions. Egalement nous définissons les obstacles sources d’entrave à la réalisation de cette recherche, avec un point de vue théorique mais aussi en étudiant notre corpus concret. Le formalisme pour lequel nous avons opté part d’une étude approfondie de la langue utilisée dans les protocoles de sécurité. Une langue ne se prête au traitement automatique que si elle est formalisée. De ce fait, nous avons procédé à l’analyse de plusieurs corpus bilingues français/chinois mais aussi monolingues émanant d’organismes de sécurité civile. Le but est de dégager les particularités linguistiques (lexicales, syntaxiques, …) qui caractérisent la langue de la sécurité en général et de recenser toutes les structures syntaxiques qu’utilise cette langue. Après avoir présenté la formalisation de notre système, nous montrons les processus de reconnaissance, de transfert et de générationIn this paper, in addition to our research results for a French-Chinese machine translation system, we present the theoretical contributions from the SyGULAC theory and from the micro-systemic theory with its calculations as well as the methodologies developed aimed at a secure and reliable application in the context of machine translation. The application covers critical safety areas such as aerospace, medicine and civil security.After presenting the state of the art in the field of machine translation in China and France, the reasons of the choice of the micro-systemic theory and SyGULAC theory are explained. Then, we explain the problems encountered during our research. The ambiguity, which is the major obstacle to the understandability and to the translatability of a text, is present at all language levels: syntactic, morphological, lexical, nominal and verbal. The identification of the units of a sentence is also a preliminary step for global understanding, whether for human beings or for a translation system. We present an inventory of the divergences between the french and the chinese language in order to achieve an machine translation system. We try to observe the verbal, nominal and vocabulary structure levels, in order to understand their interconnections and their interactions. We also define the obstacles to this research, with a theoretical point of view but also by studying our corpus.The chosen formalism starts from a thorough study of the language used in security protocols. A language is suitable for automatic processing only if this language is formalized. Therefore, An analysis of several French/Chinese bilingual corpora, but also monolingual, from civil security agencies, was conducted. The goal is to find out and present the linguistic characteristics (lexical, syntactic ...) which characterize the language of security in general, and to identify all the syntactic structures used by this language. After presenting the formalization of our system, we show the recognition, transfer and generation processes
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Goldman, Oury. "Faire connaître le monde au XVIe siècle : traductions et appropriations des savoirs sur le monde dans la France de la Renaissance". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0159.
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Au cours de la période moderne, le mouvement d'expansion européenne dans le monde s'est accompagné d'une intensification des circulations de biens et d'individus à des échelles jusqu'alors inédites. Dès le XVIe siècle, l'expansion ibérique a contribué à modifier le rapport que les Européens entretenaient avec le globe et a suscité une production d'une vaste gamme d'écrits et de textes, dont certains ont été imprimés et par la suite traduits dans diverses langues européennes. L'examen des processus de traductions en français, publiées à Lyon et Paris autour des années 1550, de plusieurs ouvrages traitant des « nouveaux mondes » et des « lointains » de l'Europe (entre autres ceux de Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo, de Fernão Lopes de Castanheda, de Paolo Giovio ou de Giovanni Battista Ramusio) permet d'explorer les modalités par lesquelles se construit de manière locale et située un savoir renouvelé sur le monde. En se focalisant sur l'ensemble du processus de traduction, depuis sa fabrique sociale jusqu'à ses multiples appropriations matérielles comme intellectuelles, il devient possible de comprendre comment on fait connaître le monde dans la France du XVIe siècleDuring the early modern era, the european overseas expansion intensified the circulation of goods and people around the World. From the 16th century, the Iberian expansion contributed to change the relationship between the Europeans and the terrestrial globe and was followed by the production of a vast array of texts and materials, which were sometimes printed, and then translated into a variety of European languages. By examining various translations intro French, published in Paris and Lyon around 1500, of some sixteenth century accounts of the « New Worlds » and other « foreign lands » (among others the writings of Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo, Fernão Lopes de Castanheda, Paolo Giovio or Giovanni Battista Ramusio), the thesis reviews the way through which a renewed knowledge of the world is locally produced. By focusing on the entire translation process, from production to its multiple appropriation, it becomes possible to understand how one makes the world known in sixteenth-century France
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Greenhill, Susan Heather. "Maps for the lost: A collection of short fiction And Human / nature ecotones: Climate change and the ecological imagination: A critical essay". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1701.
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The thesis comprises a collection of short fiction, Maps for the Lost, and a critical essay, “Human / Nature Ecotones: Climate Change and the Ecological Imagination.” In ecological terms, areas of interaction between adjacent ecosystems are known as ecotones. Sites of relationship between biotic communities, they are charged with fertility and evolutionary possibility. While postcolonial scholarship is concerned with borders as points of cross-cultural contact, ecocritical thought focuses upon the ecotone that occurs at the interface between human and non-human nature.
In their occupation of the liminal zones between human and natural realms, the characters and narratives of Maps for the Lost reveal and nurture the porosity of conventional demarcations. In the title story, a Czech artist maps the globe by night in order to find his lover. The buried geographies of human landscapes coalesce with those of the non-human realm: the territories of wolves and the scent-trails of a fox mingle imperceptibly with nocturnal Prague and the ransacked villages of post-war Croatia. In “Seeds,” a narrative structured around the process of biological growth, the lost memories of an elderly woman are returned to her by her garden. “The Skin of the Ocean” traces the obsession of a diver who sinks his yacht under the weight of coral and fish, while in “Drift,” an Iranian refugee writes letters along the tide-line of a Tasmanian beach.
The essay identifies the inadequacy of literature and literary scholarship’s response to the threat of climate change as a failure of the imagination, reflecting the transgressive dimension of the crisis itself, and the dualistic legacy which still informs Western discourse on non-human nature. In order to redress this shortfall, which I argue the current generations of writers have an urgent moral responsibility to do, it is critical that we learn to understand the natural world of which we are a part, in ways that cast off the limitations of conventional representation. Paradoxically, it is the profoundly disruptive (apocalyptic?) nature of the climate crisis itself, which may create the imaginative traction for that shift in comprehension, forcing us, through loss, to interpret the world in ways that have been forgotten, or are fundamentally new. By analysing Alexis Wright’s The Swan Book, and Les Murray’s “Presence” sequence, the essay explores the correlation between imaginative and ecological processes, and the role of voice, embodiment, patterning and story in negotiations of nature and place. In the context of the asymptotical essence of the relation between text and world, and the paradox of phenomenological representation, it calls for a deeper cultural engagement with scientific discourse and indigenous philosophy, in order to illuminate the multiplicity and complexity of human connections to the non-human natural world
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Vestin, Albin, i Gustav Strandberg. "Evaluation of Target Tracking Using Multiple Sensors and Non-Causal Algorithms". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-160020.
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Today, the main research field for the automotive industry is to find solutions for active safety. In order to perceive the surrounding environment, tracking nearby traffic objects plays an important role. Validation of the tracking performance is often done in staged traffic scenarios, where additional sensors, mounted on the vehicles, are used to obtain their true positions and velocities. The difficulty of evaluating the tracking performance complicates its development. An alternative approach studied in this thesis, is to record sequences and use non-causal algorithms, such as smoothing, instead of filtering to estimate the true target states. With this method, validation data for online, causal, target tracking algorithms can be obtained for all traffic scenarios without the need of extra sensors. We investigate how non-causal algorithms affects the target tracking performance using multiple sensors and dynamic models of different complexity. This is done to evaluate real-time methods against estimates obtained from non-causal filtering. Two different measurement units, a monocular camera and a LIDAR sensor, and two dynamic models are evaluated and compared using both causal and non-causal methods. The system is tested in two single object scenarios where ground truth is available and in three multi object scenarios without ground truth. Results from the two single object scenarios shows that tracking using only a monocular camera performs poorly since it is unable to measure the distance to objects. Here, a complementary LIDAR sensor improves the tracking performance significantly. The dynamic models are shown to have a small impact on the tracking performance, while the non-causal application gives a distinct improvement when tracking objects at large distances. Since the sequence can be reversed, the non-causal estimates are propagated from more certain states when the target is closer to the ego vehicle. For multiple object tracking, we find that correct associations between measurements and tracks are crucial for improving the tracking performance with non-causal algorithms.
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Reuster-Jahn, Uta, i Serena Talento. "Swahili Literature in Global Exchange: Translations, Translators and Trends: Introduction". 2018. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35194.
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Chou, Yimiao, i 周怡妙. "Translation And Commentary Of Why Taiwan Matters：Small Island, Global Powerhouse". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98910113928954822747.
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碩士長榮大學
翻譯學系碩士班
100
The purpose of this thesis is to provide the translation of Why Taiwan Matters：Small Island, Global Powerhouse and discussion of the translation skills used by the author during the translation process. This thesis contains six chapters. Chapter 1 describes the motivation, the goal and the use of translation theory Communicative Translation proposed by Peter Newmark. Chapter 2 introduces the author and the content of the source book. Chapter 3 is the translated text of the source book. Chapter 4 focuses on the preparation work. Chapter 5 represents the related translation skills and explains how the author uses the translation skills to improve the translation quality with demonstrated examples. Chapter 6 is the conclusion. It is hoped that this thesis disproves the myth that “if you can speak foreign language, you can be a translator”. Only by doing the actual translation work, the translation theories and skills can be learned.
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Tiwari, Bhavya. "Beyond English : translating modernism in the global south". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/28043.
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My title echoes Agha Shahid Ali’s sentiment of needing to move beyond the linguistic nationalism of “English” toward a more varied understanding of Anglophone writing within multiple contexts in the world. In three theoretical case studies from four linguistic and literary traditions (English, Bengali, Spanish, and Hindi-Urdu), I explore the dimensions and definitions of comparative Anglophone and world literature, comparative poetics, and a comparative study of novels – in the global postcolonial world. I focus on moments of translatability and untranslatability to question traditional models for studies in English and comparative literature that do not account for translation. Each of my chapters shows how texts in the “original” or “translation” do not always circulate from a homogenized metropolitan center to a marginalized periphery, and unlike in the elite North American and Parisian world where untranslatability often inspires terror and loss of language, translations can act as connecting forces that create organic dialogue in the global south on modernism and postcolonial discourses that go beyond Europe and Americatext
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RAWAT, ABHISHEK. "OPERATIONS AT EZ LABS PVT. LTD". Thesis, 2019. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/19655.
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The Global Translation Service Market is driven by huge technological advancement and
arrival of machines and software which can translate any foreign language in less time.
Another driver for translation services is the growing geographical outreach of enterprises,
thereby increasing the foreign client base and thus develops a need for translation.
Translation services are how the interaction between technology and human communication
is increased more efficiently. Google translate is one of the big examples of free translation
service. It has been going through many advancements and now can easily detect any
language, slangs, regional keywords, by written means or even by voice.
But even when the technological advancements are at an all-time high even in the field of
translation, the human aspect and impact on it are still overwhelming and critical. The majority
of the translations market is still dominated by the translation done by the translator and it is
not visible shortly that machines would take over this file very much. A very major reason for
this is the "Grey Area" i.e. Emotions of the writer/speaker, Flow of Language, Context of the
situation in which statement was made, profession/industry related to the said statement. E.g.
A statement made by a professional in the medical industry and legal profession could mean
different even if the words used are the same. Organizations or even Governments use
machine translation such as google translate for gist but they never use it for publication,
official statements, tenders, contracts, etc.
Government bodies and organizations must communicate and publish frequently in several
languages with employees, customers, business partners, investors, with other departments,
etc. This constant demand has provided a shield for the translation industry even in bad
economic downturns. Despite the economic recessions, demand has grown steadily.
Even though translations or language service providers have existed for a while,
Globalization has boosted their demand and opened new routes for them and provided new
customers. Translations are a mode for conveying a message from one language to another.
As the organizations are expanding their outreach the demand for translation in the
languages that customers prefer is increasing. Organizations are opting for translation
services to make their customers comfortable.
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Ntuli, Isaac Dumsani. "Zulu literature in the global book market: the English translation of Inkinsela YaseMgungundlovu". Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/19429.
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This research report investigates the translation of the Zulu novel Inkinsela YaseMgungundlovu (1961) by Sbusiso Nyembezi into English as The Rich Man of Pietermaritzburg (2008) translated by Sandile Ngidi. The study is based on the notion of translation norms. Norms govern both the acceptance of literary texts into literary systems (initial norms) and the form a translation assumes (operational and textual norms) (Toury 1978/2004, Toury 1995). The study has two foci: the first, given the publication of the translation by a British publisher, is an examination of the reception of the English translation within the framework of postcolonial book history based on debates about the marketing of cultural products from the Global South by metropolitan audiences (Huggan 2001, Brouillette 2007); the second is a descriptive comparative analysis of the source-text and the target-text. The first focus is therefore concerned with initial norms while the second is concerned with operational and textual norms. The study is situated within the theoretical paradigm of Polysystem theory which argues that when literatures from less influential languages are translated into more powerful languages they tend to adopt the prevailing norms of those hegemonic literary systems (Even-Zohar 1990). This study tests this hypothesis by examining the approach adopted by Ngidi when translating Inkinsela YaseMgungundlovu. Broadly speaking, a literary translations is often considered to be either a foreignization or domestication (Venuti 1998/2008). A domesticized translation subscribes to target-language norms while a foreignized translation deliberately emphasizes the foreign provenance of a text by resisting the tendency to translate a text by subscribing to domestic norms. Foreignization is not to be confused with ‘exoticization’. Foreignization refers to an ethical stance rejecting the imposition of hegemonic target-culture norms whereas ‘exoticization’ refers to the ethnocentric aestheticization of otherness. The presentation and reception of the novel by metropolitan critics is subject to an examination along these lines to ascertain the norms surrounding this text’s recent translation and inclusion in the dominant literary system and the norms that govern reading practices surrounding it. The textual analysis element of this study examines the translation of Inkinsela YaseMgunundlovu, situating the approach taken by the translator within the poles of domestication and foreignization. These two foci are then be synthesized to provide a holistic account of place occupied by The Rich Man of Pietermaritzburg in the receiving system.
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Pei-Chun, Hsu, i 徐培淳. "The Functionalist Approach to Headline Translation: The Case Studies on Taiwan Panorama and Global Voices". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3f6b3y.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
應用英文系碩士班
105
The significance of a news headline has been acknowledged by a number of scholars in the field of Translation Studies. However, news translation has primarily revolved around the rendering of the whole news texts of hard news and soft news. Though news headline translation is included in these previous news translation studies, it has not been investigated thoroughly. With an aim to fulfill the research deficiency, this paper, drawing on the functionalist approach to translation studies, undertakes two case studies on news headline translation in Taiwan Panorama and Global Voices. The data gathered from the category of cover stories of the online version of Taiwan Panorama was composed of the original Chinese headlines and their English counterparts, which revolve around domestic culture, economy, politics and society; the data collected from the category of politics on the website of Global Voices consist of the source English headlines and the target Chinese headlines, which center on the local perspectives in the peripheral areas neglected by the mainstream media. The purposes of this paper are (1) to identify the translation strategies employed in Taiwan Panorama and Global Voices and to discern the correlation between the adopted translation strategies and corresponding contextual factors (including the intended text functions and communicative purposes); (2) to distinguish the similarities and differences between the strategies utilized by Taiwan Panorama translators and those by Global Voices translators. This paper hopes to make contributions as follows: (1) to assist a translator in understanding the differences and similarities between news headline translation of the realm of traditional media and that of citizen media and the relationships between the adopted strategies and the corresponding contextual factors; (2) to apply the research results to the teaching and training of news headline translation in citizen and traditional media. Students or trainees can be instructed how to think about different types of media in determining translation strategies so that the corresponding communicative purposes and text functions can be achieved.
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Chuang, Ya-Hsuan, i 莊亞璇. "A Functionalist Approach to Community News Translation: The Case Studies on Global Voices and PeoPo". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2j45n5.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
應用英文系
106
Since the late 1980s, most of the existing studies on news translation mainly focus on the translation carried out in the field of traditional journalism (i.e. institutional news translation), whereas the translation carried out in the field of citizen journalism (i.e. community news translation), which newly emerged due to the technological advancement in recent years, has not been investigated thoroughly. In view of this, this thesis, drawing upon insights of functionalist approaches to translation studies, conducts case studies on two types of community news translation: (1) news translation conducted by translation communities affiliated with citizen news projects under citizen journalism organizations (Global Voices as the first case study), and (2) news translation conducted by citizen news platforms affiliated with translation projects developed by traditional journalism organizations (PeoPo as the second case study). The purposes of the case studies are (1) to identify the strategies regularly used in current community news translation, (2) to compare and contrast the similarities and differences between the two types of community news translation in terms of their news translation strategies, and (3) to elucidate the correlations between the adopted strategies and the corresponding contextual factors. Materials of the first case study cover 15 English news articles of Global Voices and their Chinese counterparts, and the data for the second case study includes 20 Chinese news items from PeoPo and their translated English versions. The data of the two case studies both revolve around the environmental issues. The results have shown that the two case studies are distinct from each other a lot at the macro-level. The strategies of full translation and literal translation were frequently adopted by GV’s translators, whereas PeoPo’s translators tended to use the transediting strategies, including selection, deletion, and abridgement. At the micro-level, the source information in GV’s texts is usually fully retained through the strategy of literal translation, while the information in PeoPo’s texts is sometimes adjusted through strategies of addition, deletion and paraphrasing. In addition to the aformetioned differences, there are some similarities between Global Voices and PeoPo: (1) the adjustments of syntactic structures in target texts, (2) the strategies of transliteration and literal translation to render proper nouns, (3) providing URLs of the source texts in the translations. The thesis also analyzes the correlations between the identified strategies and the contextuals factors of two case studies, including the founding background and missions of citizen journalism platforms, the establishing motives and aims of translation projects, the target readers, the communicative purposes, and the intended text functions of source and target texts. Lastly, the thesis also provides possible avenues for future relevant research.
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Caresia, Marina Patto. "Lost in translation : translating culture into public policies a case study of the Porto Maravilha project". Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/28173.
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Throughout the history of Rio de Janeiro, the port area has undergone several processes
of reurbanization guided by a European pattern. It was believed that the city should be functional
and productive. In the context of the World Cup and the Olympic Games, Rio de Janeiro's public
power saw the opportunity to adapt the city to the new "global city" standard. In this sense, the
Federal, State and Municipal Governments focused on the historical and cultural past of the
area as the main tool in the revitalization process. Regarding this, it is analyzed here how the
history of the port area and its community were translated into political speeches and public
documents in order to legitimize the Porto Maravilha Project and also a new understanding of
the public space. Some problematics in the process of cultural translation arise throughout the
investigation. The first is the mismatch between the narrative of public agencies in contrast to
the narrative of the local community and their respective perceptions of the territory; Secondly,
the second question revolves around the divergence between the discourse of the city of Rio de
Janeiro and the way public policies affect local communities and the area, completely changing
their cultural and social dynamics, as well as their right to the city. If from an optic both act as
protagonists of this process, in a second moment they lose their place of speech and are
perceived as subaltern narratives.Ao longo da história da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a zona portuária sofreu diversos processos de reurbanização, sempre concebidas segundo uma lógica Europeia de como grandes centros urbanos deveriam ser configurados. Acreditava-se que a cidade deveria ser funcional, sempre atendendo às demandas da produção e do sistema capitalista. Foi no contexto da Copa do Mundo e dos Jogos Olímpicos no Rio de Janeiro que a prefeitura da “cidade maravilhosa” vislumbrou a possibilidade de, mais uma vez, seguir os padrões mundiais e tornar-se uma “cidade global”. Neste sentido, os Governos Federal, Estadual e Municipal focaram-se no passado histórico e cultural do porto do Rio de janeiro a fim de promover um novo projeto de reurbanificação desta área. Portanto, este trabalho tem como intuito analisar como a história do porto do Rio de Janeiro e as suas comunidades originais foram traduzidas em discursos políticos e documentos a fim de legitimizar o Projeto Porto Maravilha, assim como a resignificação deste espaço público. Ao longo da pesquisa, as problemáticas persistentes foram ressaltadas. A primeira delas diz respeito à diferença entre a narrativa retratada pelo poder público em relação às narrativas e percepções locais sobre a zona portuária; A seguir, a pesquisa reforça a discrepância entre o discurso da Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro em relação ao modo como as políticas públicas relativas ao Projeto Porto Maravilha foram executadas, afetando completamente as dinâmicas culturais e sociais da comunidade originária, como também infringindo o seu direito à cidade. Por fim, a presente dissertação analisa se, uma vez que as tradições e cultura local foram usadas como pilar para o projeto Porto Maravilha, a comunidade originária foi empoderada com agência efetiva em relação ao território que ocupam.
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Liao, Mei-Yueh, i 廖美月. "Global and Specific Immunological Response by Ganoderma lucidum at the Translation Level Uncovered by Quantitative Proteomics". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31658076953460507008.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
生物科技研究所
94
Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum), the most popular medicinal mushroom, has been used as a home remedy for maintaining and improving health and for preventing and treating disease. To decipher the molecular mechanisms of the immuno-modulation by G. lucidum, we analyzed the comparative proteomic profiles of immune cells by the treatment of G. lucidum polysaccharides. Immune cells, including Jurkat T cells, Raji B cells, and mouse splenocytes with mixing cells were cultured in vitro upon stimulation with G. lucidum polysaccharides and analyzed in parallel. Our qualitative protein profiling strategy by two-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) offers the comprehensive proteomic analysis of immune cells, identifying 1463, 1665 and 1616 proteins from Jurkat T cells, Raji B cells and mouse spleen cells, repectively. Cleavable isotope-coded affinity tags combined (cICAT) with 2D-LC-MS/MS was used to quantitate protein expression levels associated with the immune modulating effect of G. lucidum polysaccharides. A total of 697, 803, and 578 proteins (with a protein false positive rate < 0.05) were quantified and 37, 36, and 69 proteins were differentially expressed from Jurkat T , Raji B ,and mouse spleen cells, respectively. We identified proteins associated with immunity. Notably, a large subset of differentially expressed proteins was associated with B cell differentiation, including proteins functioning in energy production, protein metabolism, amino acid metabolism, protein quality control, chaperones/ folding enzymes, and antibody production. These comparative data enabled us to map the B cell differentiation process. We demonstrate comparative proteomic approaches provides a rapid, robust and sensitive platform to begin to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying immuno-modulatory mechanism of G. lucidum.
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Messih, Mark. "Clinical Translation of Neuro-regenerative Medicine in India: A Study on Barriers and Strategies". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/29531.
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The prevalence of neurodegenerative disease in India is rising. Regenerative medicine (RM) is being developed to treat these conditions. However, despite advances in RM application for neurological disorders (NeuroRM), there is a lack of research on clinical translation of NeuroRM technologies in developing countries. Given that India is one of the first nations to translate in this field, much can be learned on challenges and solutions arising during translation. This study identifies stakeholders involved in such translation and outlines roles of each; it describes India’s regulatory environment concerning NeuroRM translation; and discusses the impact of collaboration in clinical translation. Twenty-three face-to-face interviews with clinicians, researchers and policy-makers within India were undertaken and transcripts subjected to thematic analysis. The study demonstrates that clinical translation of NeuroRM within India is taking place robustly, it identifies barriers and good practices being adopted, and provides recommendations based on participants’ experiences.