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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Global Fore- cast System"
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Ketut Suastika, Agung Silaen, Muhammad Hafiz Nurwahyu Aliffrananda i Yuda Apri Hermawan. "Seakeeping Analysis of a Hydrofoil Supported Watercraft (Hysuwac): A Case Study". CFD Letters 13, nr 5 (3.06.2021): 10–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.13.5.1027.
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Considering recent global temperature increase and observed climate change, efforts have been made towards energy efficiency and reduction of green-house gas emission. A foil system is proposed in this study and retrofitted to an existing catamaran to reduce the energy use and to improve the vessel’s seakeeping characteristics. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of the application of the foil system on the seakeeping performance of the vessel. CFD simulations based on a panel method were carried out to obtain the seakeeping characteristics of the catamaran with and without foil system. Simulation results show that the foil system reduced the vessel motions in a seaway: the heave-, pitch- and roll significant amplitudes were reduced 4.41, 9.97 and 3.30 percent, respectively, due to the application of the foil system. In addition, the vertical accelerations at the fore perpendicular (FP) and at deck were reduced 3.66 and 9.70 percent, respectively. A check against the NORDFORSK criteria for fast small crafts shows that the vessel can operate safely up to sea state 2.
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Martínez, Jeferson, i Javier M. Durán. "Software Supply Chain Attacks, a Threat to Global Cybersecurity: SolarWinds’ Case Study". International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering 11, nr 5 (31.10.2021): 537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsse.110505.
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Exploitation of a vulnerability that compromised the source code of the Solar Winds’ Orion system, a software that is used widely by different government and industry actors in the world for the administration and monitoring of networks; brought to the fore a type of stealth attack that has been gaining momentum: supply chain attacks. The main problem in the violation of the software supply chain is that, from 85% to 97% of the code currently used in the software development industry comes from the reuse of open source code frameworks, repositories of third-party software and APIs, creating potential vulnerabilities in the development cycle of a software product. This research analyzes the SolarWinds case study from an exploratory review of academic literature, government information, but also from the articles and reports that are published by different cybersecurity consulting firms and software providers. Then, a set of good practices is proposed such as: Zero trust, Multi-Factor authentication mechanisms (MFA), strategies such as SBOM and the recommendations of the CISA guide to defend against this type of attack. Finally, the research discusses about how to improve response times and prevention against this type of attacks, also future research related to the subject is suggested, such as the application of Machine Learning and Blockchain technologies. Additionally for risk reduction, in addition to the management and articulation of IT teams that participate in all the actors that are part of the software life cycle under a DevSecOps approach.
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Nahon, M., i J. Angeles. "Minimization of Power Losses in Cooperating Manipulators". Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 114, nr 2 (1.06.1992): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2896517.
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The control of multiple manipulators handling a common object entails the solution of an underdetermined system of linear equations which represents the system’s dynamics. In order to choose an optimal solution to this problem, various approaches have been proposed: minimum internal force and minimum power, among others. The present work investigates an approach for minimizing the power losses in these systems. It is shown that the power imparted to the manipulator/payload system cannot be optimized once the system’s motion is prescribed. However, assuming certain loss characteristics for the dc servomotors commonly used on robotic manipulators, it is shown that the minimization of power losses can be cast as a linear-quadratic optimization problem. Local and global performance indices are introduced to allow comparison of the minimum power loss and the minimum internal force approaches. An example of two Puma 560 robots handling a common payload is shown to demonstrate the proposed technique.
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Bliakher, L. "The Costs of Global Leadership and Neighborhood International Politics". Journal of International Analytics 12, nr 1 (25.05.2021): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2021-12-1-21-34.
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The article examines the trends in international relations that have emerged in recent years, including during the pandemic. According to the author, a clear international space structure in the vein of Immanuel Wallerstein’s world-system, with equally clear rules of the game in such space is associated with the presence of an enforcer. The enforcer here is a country or group of countries that impose certain forms of communication on the international space, making the behavior of agents of the international political space predictable. Such a position for the enforcer, among other things, makes it possible to obtain benefi ts (material and status ones) that exceed its costs. This situation was not least determined by the relative homogeneity of the international space actors (States). However, in reality, as shown in the article, there are many more variants of polities in the world, which, under certain conditions, were convenient to imitate state political institutions. The conditions change is leading to actualization of such polities. The actualization of diversity results in a sharp escalation of the enforcer’s costs, a drop in their eff ectiveness and the attractiveness of the enforcer’s position itself. The leader bears more and more signifi cant costs ceases to perform its functions. Here, in place of the institutional system set by the enforcer, comes a diff erent way of organizing international relations – interpersonal trust, which arises and is strengthened by personal communication. Until recently, such “decisionmakers’ clubs” were not as bright as the enforcer, but they connected the global world. However, the pandemic also disrupts this type of communication or rather complicates it. As a result, the hierarchy of problems changes. The problems of domestic politics and the international problems that aff ect them come to the fore. Global politics is being replaced by “neighborhood” politics. In the age of the world without a global leader and regional players rivalry, tomorrows “weight” of one country depends on how eff ectively it will be able to fi t in the new type of political structure.
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Gupta, Devyani. "‘Black Mail’: Networks of opium and postal exchange in nineteenth-century India". Literature & History 29, nr 1 (maj 2020): 78–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306197320907446.
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This article discusses the overlap between British Indian networks of postal communication and trade, and smuggling of opium within a nineteenth-century inter-Asian context. These circulatory networks received support from the expansion of global shipping lines. The colonial state subsidised opium steamers of private shipping companies and converted them into mail packets, using them to transport illicit opium to parts of Southeast and East Asia. Domestically, inland postal routes came to be appropriated by local traders, cultivators and itinerants to smuggle excess opium, growing outside the purview of the colonial state, to various ports in western India, thereby cutting into the profits and prestige of the colonial state. Simultaneously, official complicity in opium smuggling also came to the fore, evident in the case of post offices situated in the eastern parts of the subcontinent, highlighting the inherent weaknesses within the colonial system of administration.
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Kim, Seong Han, i Min Chul Shin. "Steering Pull Model and Its Sensitivity Analysis". Applied Sciences 10, nr 22 (14.11.2020): 8072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228072.
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When a vehicle goes on the straight road with a bank angle, a steering pull makes the driver exert a constant steering torque to the steering wheel, which causes an annoying steering feel to the driver. This paper proposes a steering pull model and sensitivity analysis on the steering pull. In order to develop the steering pull model, pulling forces on the tires, such as plysteer and conicity forces, lateral force due to slip angle, lifting forces due to cast and kingpin, and camber force are modeled. A steering system is also modeled because the generated pulling forces are attenuated as it is transmitted through the steering system. Each component of the steering system, such as lower body linkages, rack and pinion gear, universal joint, and steering column with electric power steering (EPS) system is modeled, and then they are integrated into a complete steering system. Finally, the steering pull model is developed by integrating the pulling force model with the steering system model. For verification, the steering pull of a vehicle is estimated based on the model, and the results are compared with the experimental results. For the verification experiments, a steering pull measurement system using a global positioning system (GPS) and its accessories are used. The result comparison showed that the developed steering pull model provides very accurate estimation results. Based on the steering pull model, the sensitivity of steering pull factors, such as caster angle, kingpin angle, camber angle, rack friction force, and anti-rattle spring (ARS) stiffness is analyzed.
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Reshetniak, Yaroslav, i Samantha Grifo. "The Role and Place of the Healthcare System in the Formation of the National Brand". Health Economics and Management Review 3, nr 2 (2022): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/hem.2022.2-07.
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In the view of the snowballing development of digitalization processes and post-industrial society, the service sector is the main element of sustainable economic development, where human capital plays a key role. In the study, the authors noted that the individual and his needs came to the fore. So, it`s started to play a more significant role in the methodology of evaluation of national brand indices. However, during a deeper analysis, the question arises whether such techniques consider all aspects of the socio-economic life of the individual or focus on some of its elements. The research on this issue became particularly acute during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, when most of the socially active population was forced to work distance and spent more time at home and when their lives depended heavily on the effectiveness of national health systems. This study tried to determine the correlations between the efficacy of national healthcare systems and indicators used in the national brand indices. The methodology of this study involved classical scientific research methods such as systems analysis, scientific abstraction, synthesis, and statistical analysis. Besides, VOSviewer software has been used to analyze a significant number of scientific publications, which include keywords like healthcare and the national brand. The data for bibliometric analysis were retrieved from the Scopus scientometric database. This bibliographic analysis presents the findings on the research directions in the analyzed scientific literature scope. The obtained results allowed us to determine the chronology and geography of publications. The systematization of theoretical results of research issues of assessing the impact of the national health care system on the international image perception of the country showed that this issue is almost undiscovered in domestic and international scientific studies. At the same time, this problem is increasingly important in the practical sphere. To confirm this hypothesis, the authors provide a practical case on the example of the analysis of the methodology of evaluation of national brands based on the Anholt Ipsos Nation Brands Index (NBI) and Best Countries (by US News & World Report). They were analyzed through the prism of assessing the national healthcare system by the Global Health Security Index.
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Caracciolo, Marco. "Climate Change and the Ironies of Omniscience in Rumaan Alam’s Leave the World Behind". Anglia 140, nr 1 (15.03.2022): 116–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ang-2022-0007.
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Abstract Scholars in ecocriticism have frequently argued that the environmental crisis calls for an overhaul of the realist novel, which is inadequate at conveying the global scale and ramifications of climate change and related anthropogenic disruptions to the Earth system. In this article, I explore how a centerpiece of nineteenth-century realist fiction, the omniscient narrator, may be reimagined to speak to the imaginative challenges of climate change. As the future becomes fragmented in a multiplicity of alternative scenarios (ranging from local disasters to societal collapse), personal and collective anxieties come to the fore. In my case study, Rumaan Alam’s 2020 novel Leave the World Behind, the narrator’s apparent omniscience stages the uncertainties of our climate future through an ironic device: knowledge of the catastrophe experienced by the characters is displayed but also withheld from the reader, leading to an ambivalent, and largely unreadable, narratorial stance. Omniscience is thus used to undermine the possibility of affirming human mastery and control over the unsettling events that are playing out in the storyworld. In this way, Leave the World Behind demonstrates the realist novel’s ability to open itself up to the weird realities of the climate crisis.1
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Chang, Binbin, i Lei Chen. "Land Economic Efficiency and Improvement of Environmental Pollution in the Process of Sustainable Urbanization: Case of Eastern China". Land 10, nr 8 (12.08.2021): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10080845.
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Economic development, environmental protection and land resources are important components in sustainable cities. According to the environmental Kuznets curve, developing countries are prone to environmental pollution problems while developing their economies. At the same time, as urbanization progresses, the problem of inadequate land resources and land use efficiency in China is coming to the fore. Although China is a developing country, it began to actively implement environmental protection measures years ago in an effort to transform itself into an innovative country. Therefore, as an economic and policy pioneer region, can eastern China benefit from all three aspects of land–economy–environment at the same time? Or will the increase in land economic efficiency (Land_EcoE) and the improvement of environmental pollution occur simultaneously? With the characteristics of land use efficiency and other concepts, this study combines economic factors and land factors to establish a Land_EcoE evaluation system. On the basis of mapping the spatio-temporal evolution of carbon emissions and Land_EcoE, and discussing the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and correlation between them initially and visually by means of geographic data visualization, this study uses the data of 84 prefecture-level cities and municipalities directly under the central government in eastern China from 2011 to 2017 to test the research hypotheses from a quantitative perspective. Specifically, this study analyzes the correlation between Land_EcoE and environmental pollution by constructing a panel regression model. The conclusions show that, in general, the increase in Land_EcoE in eastern China is associated with the increase in carbon emissions. For a group of prefecture-level cities with the most developed economies in eastern China, the increase in Land_EcoE is correlated with the decrease in carbon emissions. Based on this research, this study proposes a series of policy implications on how to promote simultaneous economic–land–environmental benefits.
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Colajanni, Piero, Lidia La Mendola, Alessia Monaco i Nino Spinella. "Cyclic Behavior of Composite Truss Beam-to-RC Column Joints in MRFS". Key Engineering Materials 711 (wrzesień 2016): 681–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.711.681.
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In the present paper, the cyclic behavior of beam-to-column joints made up of Hybrid Steel Trussed Concrete Beams (HSTCBs) connected to Reinforced Concrete (RC) piers is investigated. HSTCBs are a typology of composite beam generally constituted by a steel truss with end zone added rebars embedded within a block of concrete cast in place. HSTCBs represent a structural solution for light industrialization in the civil constructions; the main advantages in their use are the higher construction speed with the minimum site labor, the possibility of covering wide spans with low depths and a final economical convenience. For these reasons, they are also increasingly adopted within seismic framed structures. In the present study, the examined joints are representative of framed RC structures subjected to seismic actions and designed according to the current Italian standard code. Cyclic tests are performed and interpreted by means of analytical and numerical models with the aim of verifying the strength capacity and ductility of the system, focusing on both the global behavior and the force transmission between steel truss and concrete in the joint region.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Global Fore- cast System"
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Bishop, G. Todd (Gordon Todd). "Waveless picking : managing the system and making the case for adoption and change". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/63083.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division; and, (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-66).
Wave-based picking systems have been used as the standard for warehouse order fulfillment for many years. Waveless picking has emerged in recent years as an alternative pick scheduling system, with proponents touting the productivity and throughput gains within such a system. This paper analyzes in more depth the differences between these two types of systems, and offers insight into the comparative advantages and disadvantages of each. While a select few pieces of literature perform some analyses of wave vs. waveless picking, this paper uses a case-study of a waveless picking system in an Amazon.com fulfillment center as a model for how to manage a waveless system once it has been adopted. Optimization methods for decreasing chute-dwell time and increasing throughput by utilizing tote prioritization are also performed using discrete-simulation modeling. The analysis concludes that managing waveless picking warehouse flow by controlling the allowable quantity of partially picked orders to match downstream chute capacity can lead to reduced control over cycle times and customer experience. Suggestions are also made on possible future research for how to optimally implement a cycle-time controlled system.
by G. Todd Bishop.
M.B.A.
S.M.
2
Diallo, Fatima(Fatima Zahraye). "Using discrete-event simulation to increase system capacity : a case study of an assembly plant". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/126897.
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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, May, 2020Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, May, 2020
Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 63-64).
As part of its effort to introduce new technology and to improve the manufacturing system for the 777X production line, Boeing has made a significant capital investment in the Composite Wing Center (CWC). The new facility uses highly automated equipment and processes to support the production of components for the 777X. Since many of the automated machines are unique to the Boeing production system, opportunities exist to model and simulate specific machine systems to ensure that work is being performed as efficiently as possible. To date, most of the factory's process equipment has been installed and is operational, providing a production rate of X parts per month. To meet demand, operations will be gradually ramping up to meet the 777X production targets. The ramp-up to the target production rates will be done by a combination of additional equipment installation and process improvement projects. This research study involves the use of Discrete event simulation to provide insight into current cell capability and to identify process bottlenecks. Moreover, the simulation model incorporates process variability, the sequence of process steps within the cell, equipment downtime data, and resource constraints. The resulting simulation model was verified by comparing it to actual system performance. The model analysis and improvement recommendations show significant improvement over the current process in terms of cycle time reduction and production rates increase. In the future, the developed model will be updated regularly and will be used as a tool to monitor system throughput and to evaluate the impact of process changes to the overall system. In addition, the developed framework will be used to help other plants in a similar situation.
by Fatima Diallo.
M.B.A.
S.M.
M.B.A. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering
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Liu, Edward W. "Business case assessment of unmanned systems level of autonomy". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73405.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-73).
The federal government has continually increased its spending on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) during the past decade. Efforts to drive down UAV costs have primarily focused on the physical characteristics of the UAV, such as weight, size, and shape. Due to the saturation of the UAV business in the federal sector, the civilian sector is not as penetrated. Hence, companies see this phenomenon as an opportunity to establish itself as the standard bearer in this sector. This thesis will address how Boeing can establish guidelines for business strategies in UAV offerings to potential clients. The key innovation that will be introduced is a modeling tool that will focus on simulation/trending and sensitivity analysis to help provide some insight into what these guidelines will be. The modeling tool will quantify many of the benefits and costs of the components and features of the production and utilization of UAVs. Other notable recommendations include defining a new data recording process to obtain sets of sample data to validate the results of the modeling tool and streamlining the complexity of additional features and enhancements that will be incorporated in future versions of the modeling tool.
by Edward W. Liu.
S.M.
M.B.A.
4
Communal, Alain 1976. "Challenges faced by a global team : the case of the Tool Reuse Program at Intel®". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43824.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-92).
The semiconductor industry is characterized by a high cost of capital equipment and fast change in process technology. Therefore Intel ® Corporation as the world's largest semiconductor company has a significant advantage over its competitors in reusing its semiconductor equipments. Not only may the financial impact be considerable, but also Intel ® Corporation can see benefits in process development, equipment reliability, and training. However, demolishing and reusing tools do not go without major difficulties: complexity of the equipments, safety concerns because of the chemical used, reliability of the tool when reused. Consequently, in late 2004, the 6D Program was initiated to preserve Intel's assets during transfer from decontamination through deployment (reuse, resale, part harvesting, donation or scrap) using safe, effective procedure and business processes. In less than 3 years, the 6D Working Group has created procedures, checklists and trainings to assure "best-in-class" performances. This project was set up to support the 6D Working Group's improvement strategy by analyzing gaps that may exist in the system. Especially, the thesis analyzes the challenges faced by the 6D Working Group (a global team) to influence and standardize local practices. By using game theory analysis, recommendations are made to change incentive policy. A new set of metrics is proposed to drive accountability of the sites and foster process improvements. Finally, using a system dynamics approach, the thesis offers insights to answer the question of the adequate level of standardization of processes.
by Alain Communal.
S.M.
M.B.A.
5
Stuck, Jason Edward. "Measurement and prediction of inpatient case manager workload in a tertiary hospital setting". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107583.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Thesis: S.M. in Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, 2016. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2016. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 197-205).
A patient's care needs often extend past discharge from an acute hospital setting. At Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), inpatient case managers, acting in a discharge planning capacity, help develop and coordinate the execution of plans, specifically tailored for a patient, to ensure these care needs are met. Case managers, and case management leadership, must confront multiple sources of workload variability across different time and scale perspectives. Case managers are assigned a relatively invariant number of cases by floor. Inter-floor workload variability exists because the "typical" case on one floor may require more or less work than the "typical" case on another floor. Inter-case variability is also present; for a given case manager, the concept of a "typical" case has limited value. Some cases require essentially no work from a discharge planning case manager, while other cases can consume many hours, either on a single day, or spread across multiple days. The case characteristics determining the amount of work required of a case manager are not solely, or even primarily, clinical. Instead, discharge disposition, insurance considerations, patient preferences, and a wide array of psycho-social factors, as well as complex interactions among case characteristics, drive the workload for any single case. Finally, the total amount of work required, across all assigned cases, can vary dramatically from day to day. In any discussion of case manager workload, variability, in all of its dimensions, is a fundamental characteristic. From an operational improvement standpoint workload variability has to be fully considered, understood, and accommodated. The current static staffing scheme, based on the number of beds a case manager is responsible for, does not adequately address the observed variability in daily workload. Therefore, the ultimate objective of our work is to develop a candidate staffing scheme and staffing guidelines incorporating requisite dynamic element to address variability in a case manager's daily workload and/or reduce observed upside variability. Since the requisite understanding of workload variability will always prove elusive without a meaningful way to measure workload, in the first, necessary step for our work we develop a method of measuring the amount of work performed by a case manager, for a given case or on a given day. Though the scale for our work metric requires more refined calibration, it allows one to say with a high degree of certainty that "this case required more work than that case" or "this day represented a higher workload for a case manager than that day". The source of the score for a case or day is the work documented in case manager notes. We develop an automated scoring procedure to retrospectively score cases based on the text of case manager notes. At the heart of our text-analytical engine is an augmented bag-of-words approach that preserves the relevant context for a case manager note. Using a regression tree to operate on our text feature vector for a case note results in validation set scoring with an R2 of 0.98 at the case and day level. In validating our scoring methodology case managers were asked to rank a group of cases in order of increasing workload. This ordinal ranking was compared to the ranking derived from our work score and yielded a value for Kendall's coefficient of concordance, W, of 0.98, indicating exceptional agreement. Results using our score provide further indirect support for the validity of our scoring methodology. For example, the top decile of patients by work score accounted for 40% of the total work scored. This is in line with case manager reports that a relatively small number of patients require a disproportionately large amount of case manager time. Our validated work score is then used as a response variable for explanatory and predictive modeling of case manager workload. The predictor variables are derived from a phased framework we developed over the course of our work. That is, distinct phases can be identified on a discharge planning plane as a patient progresses to ultimate discharge. For the majority of cases it is possible to identify, unambiguously, which phase a case is in. Counts of the number of cases in each phase at 04:00 form our predictor variables in projecting the amount of case manager workload required for the upcoming day. Each phase is associated with both a characteristic amount of work and, as importantly, whether a given case will require any case manager work on a given day. This allows us to introduce the concept of an active census or active caseload. It is this concept that allows us to capture a key, under-considered source of variability - whether a case will require any work of a case manager on a given day. Using a regression-based model, the work for a case manager can currently be predicted with an R2 of 0.51 and a case can be predicted as active with an R2 of 0.66. With classification based on a boosted tree, a day can be correctly predicted as high, medium, or low workload with an accuracy of 81%. Two class misclassification error rates (high-as-low or low-as-high) of 7% can currently be achieved. Finally, in a synthesis of all of our work, we present the outline for a dynamic case assignment scheme based on pooling and balancing the number of cases in each phase between case managers within a pool. This can help attenuate the magnitude of high workload days and reduce upside variability.
by Jason Edward Stuck.
S.M. in Engineering Systems
M.B.A.
6
Golany, Yanai S. "Enhancing service providers reliability by mitigating supply chain risk : the case of telecommunication networks". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90782.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2014. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2014. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.
Appendix printed landscape. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 48-49).
Service providers rely on the continuity of their service to sustain their businesses. While at first glance it may seem that service providers are not as dependent on their supply chain as product companies are, a closer look of some relevant systems shows that a stable and resilient supply chain is a key for both maintaining service and growing it. A wireless network provider which does not have spare parts in place to maintain existing cell sites will see an increase in outage duration and, thereby, customer churn. A cable/satellite service provider which does not have the equipment at the right place and in time to expand to a new market will see competitors capturing customers. In order to eliminate or at least mitigate these types of business risks for service providers, a transformation of the Time to Recovery (TTR) / Time to Survive (TTS) framework is shown to fit the service domain. TTR represents the time it takes for a supply chain system to recover from a disrupted supplier. TTS represents the time a supply chain system can continue to operate while its sources of supply are disrupted. The key metric which is introduced is value of service, which allows us to measure the actual lost value as a result of service disruptions.
by Yanai S. Golany.
M.B.A.
S.M.
7
Lanza, Leonora (Leonora Lina). "Understanding the dynamics of organizational and process complexity : a case study in the pharmaceutical industry". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73386.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division; in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 65).
This thesis aims to show that with proper resource management, cross-functional communication, and organizational structure manufacturing and supply chain organizations can minimize the adverse impacts of organizational and process complexity and grow for the future. To do this we study at the pharmaceutical industry and Novartis Pharma Technical Operations ("TechOps"). We conduct employee interviews, benchmark across global industries, case study two representative products, and turn to the field of system dynamics to map the relationships over time. This paper will prove that the generic dynamic model of production and supply issues presented can be directly applied to the situation at TechOps and other large manufacturing companies. We will use this and our knowledge of future changes to determine the best next steps for organizational improvements. As the pharmaceutical industry evolves, TechOps has an increasing need to be more agile and flexible to the changing market environments. The Vision 2015 for TechOps is to look beyond manufacturing alone to become a world-class supply organization. In other words, TechOps not only needs to have the technical expertise they have built through their functional divisions, but also brand ownership and global optimization of product production. Through our research, we see that TechOps will not be able to achieve this goal if they do not reverse the adverse impacts of their complex supply chain through better end-to-end visibility and organizational enhancements. However, moving directly into an organization structure that is based solely on product lines would not fit strategically and culturally with the organization. Furthermore, since TechOps has always been divided along manufacturing functions, there are few resources that have the experience and insight across the various operations; TechOps needs to build these capabilities into their organization over time. Therefore, we recommend that TechOps explore the enhancement of the Supply S Chain Brand Lead role into an established owner of the end-to-end supply process for identified products, look into establishing a Manufacturing Services and Technology (MS&T) group that will own technical process changes among the functions and revise the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to optimize performance end-to-end, be brand focused, expose complexity and trigger proactive responses. All of these changes should be facilitated by additional communication tools and incentives.
by Leonora Lanza.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Lee, Steven (Steven SangHeon). "A case study : creating momentum and self-sustaining change in product development through continuous improvement efforts". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66078.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division; in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-80).
Traditionally, in Raytheon's Integrated Defense System Product Development Engineering Group, lean initiatives have not been fully adopted. Though the lean tools are useful, the engineering group is looking for more effective deployment methods to implement lean. The conventional push approach is to have management communicate some strategic objective which generates a project. Historically, a useful lean tool is developed and introduced, but is under-utilized months later. We focused on implementing a push-pull hybrid approach. The purpose is to merge the strategic objectives with stakeholder values to generate a project that addresses needs from both ends. Organizations (such as Toyota) that are effective with change management typically spend 80 percent of their time and resources on people engagement and organizational architecture. The remaining 20 percent is spent on lean tool utilization. Raytheon emulated this model and generated initial people engagement. We discovered that successful change management embodies three factors: 1) Engaging Stakeholders 2) Engaging Leaders 3) and Ensuring Alignment of Organizational Architecture.
by Steven Lee.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Wheeler, Benjamin (Benjamin Ray). "Reducing enterprise IT fragmentation through standard metrics and decision tools : a case study in the aerospace and defense industry". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66041.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division; in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-61).
Over the last several decades, manufacturing companies around the world have embraced new and powerful business tools made possible with Information Technology. Major investments are frequently made in enterprise-wide systems, such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) solutions to take advantage of cost saving opportunities. While promising in concept, system implementations can grow to be expensive and complicated during execution, commonly resulting in project de-scoping and sacrifices in functionality and integration. If not carefully managed, this can ultimately lead to an environment of costly custom workaround solutions for years to follow, subverting the central goal of the original investment. This thesis presents a case study examining Raytheon's initiative to launch an enterprise ERP system (SAP PRISM) in an effort to standardize and modernize supply chain operations. Within the SAP implementation, the repair and retrofit, or depot, business had major integration components de-scoped due to cost constraints. As a result numerous systems have been developed to manage the business, leading to difficulties in process alignment across manufacturing programs. This work introduces a pilot project with the objective of re-aligning business processes by delivering a portal of common metrics and decision tools to the manufacturing and operations community. With the common portal, the user community gains access to existing centralized data, reducing the need for isolated application development and enabling richer capability.
by Benjamin Wheeler.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Bakare, Oladapo E. (Oladapo Ehigie). "Intrapreneurship as a tool for lean transformation : case study of VBS, intrapreneurship in IT space by Oladapo E. Bakare". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59151.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division; in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-64).
Lean is heralded as the driving methodology for successful organizations ranging from defense to consumer industries. Its approach to reduction of waste and continuous process improvement allows a company to reduce cost, meet customer needs, and sustain growth. As companies embark on transforming their organizations into more efficient, nimble, and high velocity organizations through integration of lean they face severe inertia. The process of lean transformation and integrating lean is an arduous task at which most companies falter on for a number of reasons. These reasons are strategic (costs and time to implement changes), political (decision making process delays), and cultural (company norms and employee motivation). Promoting intrapreneurship in organizations can serve as a driving mechanism to ensure change goals and objectives are met and are sustainable. Intrapreneurial entities are able to cut through silos within an organization and meet the needs of its direct customers. The survival of an intrapreneurial organization is solely dependent on meeting customer needs. Therefore, the cost and time delay to meet the needs of its customers for an intrapreneurial organization is much less than other established functional and support groups within the organization. The hypothesis was that incorporating intrapreneurship into a transformation plan will aid in successful integration of lean in the organization. VBS, an intrapreneurial group within Raytheon IDS, is used as a case example of the impact of intrapreneurship on lean transformation. VBS has played a key role in monitoring and promoting lean culture at IADC (Integrated Air Defense Center and manufacturing site for IDS) at Raytheon. Using real-time metrics, the group has implemented many essential performance and behavioral feedback loops. These real-time metrics and behavioral results continuously drive operations to converge on lean behavior. This has resulted in a 20 % reduction in operating costs for four years running from its lean transformation.
S.M.
M.B.A.
Książki na temat "Global Fore- cast System"
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Office, General Accounting. Foreign assistance: Any further aid to Haitian justice system should be linked to performance-related conditions : report to Congressional Requesters. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 2000.
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Warnes, Andrew. How the Shopping Cart Explains Global Consumerism. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520295285.001.0001.
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The book argues that the invention and popularization of the shopping cart from the 1940s onward provided the final link in the chain for the new system of industrialized food flow. First in the United States and then around the world, these carts enabled supermarkets to move their goods even faster off their shelves—in a sense, completing the revolution in mechanized farming, electric refrigeration, and road distribution that had occurred during the 1930s. Yet the cart, a basic machine among modernity’s new systems, also recast the work of food shopping in ways that attracted ambivalence and unease. In urging customers to buy all their groceries at once, it radically accelerated the consumerist experience of self-service, creating a new mode of accelerated shopping on impulse that often felt, ironically, far from “convenient.” Above all, as a host of U.S. cultural responses have suggested, the sheer uniformity of the shopping cart has unsettled the individualistic rhetoric of the supermarket industry. Increasingly omnipresent in online shopping, its basic form, defined as a void waiting to be filled, uncomfortably reveals the parallels that exist between human and nonhuman participants in the modern circuit of food flow.
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Caroline, Shenaz Hossein, i Christabell P.J., red. Community Economies in the Global South. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865629.001.0001.
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People everywhere engage in social and solidarity economics to help themselves, community, and society on their own terms. Through a specific form of mutual aid, we examine the people who conscientiously organize financial cooperatives known as rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs) to bring positive changes to their own lives as well as others. ROSCAs are an ancient practice which are well documented, especially among Global Majority people. This book spotlights people in Latin America, Africa, Southeast Asia, and Asia who organize and use ROSCAs, commoning and similar cooperative systems, which are made up of voluntary members who cooperatively make regular contributions to a fund that is given in whole or in part to each member in turn. These collective money structures vary greatly across countries in the Global South, composed of ordinary people belonging to similar class origins. People who take up these systems decide on the rules jointly and in the interests of the collective, the members. The book is organized into case studies, and each case engages with J. K. Gibson-Graham’s community economies theory, as well as drawing on local theories and ideas to recognize distinct cultural contexts. This edited collection is the first of its kind organized by scholars concerned about empirical research, and mostly written by Global Majority scholars and activists to write stories using community economies theories about how people, no matter where they live, do their part to make business inclusive.
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Atun, Rifat, i Gordon Moore. Building a High-Value Health System. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197528549.001.0001.
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Building a High-Value Health System presents a practical, general approach to designing a health system that provides comprehensive, effective, and affordable healthcare for nations across the globe. This book systematically leads readers through the steps of designing a system around a developed country’s needs by describing what a health systems is, how to analyze a country’s health system performance, how to evaluate the needs of a population, how to assess the key capacities available, and how to develop and implement health system improvements tailored to a constituent population. A textually rich workbook drawing on case examples from across the globe, Building a High-Value Health System will provide readers with a deeper understanding of their own health system and provide the framework for the necessary actions toward building a better one.
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Swanepoel, Frans, Aldo Stroebel i Siboniso Moyo, red. The Role of Livestock in Developing Communities: Enhancing Multifunctionality. SunBonani Media, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18820/9781928424819.
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The book provides critical information and knowledge on the importance of livestock in the global effort to alleviate poverty and promote human health. It describes and evaluates case studies, examines theoretical frameworks, and discusses key global policy development issues, challenges and constraints related to smallholder livestock-production systems around the globe. The book is written for academic professionals, industry experts, government officials and other scholars interested in the facts and issues concerning the contribution of livestock to the social and economic progress of developing countries.
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Mevorach, Irit. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782896.003.0007.
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This chapter provides a summary and concluding remarks regarding the future of cross-border insolvency. It argues based on the analysis in the previous chapters that a regime that fits current market conditions and increases global and local welfare is within reach, and is founded on the emerging norms of modified universalism. Persisting territorial inclinations should not cast a shadow over the desirability of modified universalism. Rather than yielding to territorialist inclinations, international actors should strengthen modified universalism by attempting to close gaps in the system to reflect agreed norms and by working to overcome negative biases in favour of positive ones. Modified universalism can crystallize into binding law in the form of customary international law (CIL), which can close gaps and overcome biases. The system can further foster compliance with the norms through a range of measures. While cross-border insolvency is already governed by proper instruments, certain gaps remain. It is suggested that there is room for additional work on the instruments and generally on strengthening the cross-border insolvency system. Future reform should continue to be multifaceted, with different roles assigned to different actors.
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Devereux, Michael P., Alan J. Auerbach, Michael Keen, Paul Oosterhuis, Wolfgang Schön i John Vella. Taxing Profit in a Global Economy. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808060.001.0001.
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This book undertakes a fundamental review of the existing international regime for taxing business profit. It steps back from the current political debates on how to combat profit shifting and how taxing rights over the profits of the digitalized economy should be allocated. Instead, it starts from first principles to ask how we should evaluate a tax on business profit—and whether there is any good rationale for such a tax in the first place. It then goes on to evaluate the existing regime and a number of alternatives that have been proposed. It argues that the existing regime is fundamentally flawed, and that there is a need for radical reform. The key conclusion from the analysis is that there would be significant gains from a reform that moved the regime towards taxing profit in the country in which a business made its sales to third parties. That conclusion informs two proposals that are put forward in detail and evaluated: the Residual Profit Allocation by Income (RPAI) and the Destination-based Cash Flow Tax (DBCFT). The book is authored by group of economists and lawyers—the Oxford International Tax Group, chaired by Michael Devereux. It draws insights from both economics and law—including economic theory, empirical evidence on the impact of taxes, and a detailed examination of practical issues of implementation—to assess the existing system and to consider fundamental reforms. This book will be useful to tax policy makers, tax professionals, academics, and anyone interested in tax policy.
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Quaglia, Lucia. The Perils of International Regime Complexity in Shadow Banking. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192866523.001.0001.
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Abstract Despite the role of shadow banking in the building up of the 2008 international financial crisis, the massive size of this sector, its cross-border nature, and the risks it entails for financial stability, the post-crisis regulation of shadow banking has remained rather feeble. Why? This book identifies a ‘game of shadows’, which unfolded recursively concerning the definition, monitoring, and regulation of shadow banking internationally. Thus, states, regulators, and private actors tended to cast light away from various parts of the shadow banking system—shadow banking was (re)fined over time, its measurement was narrowed down, lessening the (perceived) need for regulation. The playing out of such a game was facilitated by the international architecture for shadow banking governance, which is a ‘regime complex’ characterized by the presence of multiple institutions and elemental regimes governing a set of related issues. Indeed, shadow banking is a quintessential case for demonstrating the perils of international regime complexity, which magnifies problems that are endemic in governing global finance—namely, interstate competition, disagreement between technocratic bodies, and the power of the financial industry—while splintering solutions, due to the fragmentation of regulatory authority. Empirically, this book examines various elemental regimes concerning different aspects of shadow banking, namely: international standards for defining, measuring, and monitoring global shadow banking; international standards for shadow banking entities, including money market funds, hedge funds, and investment funds; international standards for shadow banking activities, such as securitization, securities lending, and repos; international standards for bank capital exposures to shadow banking.
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Kabay, Sarah. Access, Quality, and the Global Learning Crisis. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896865.001.0001.
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Around the world, 250 million children cannot read, write, or perform basic mathematics. They represent almost 40 percent of all primary school-aged children. This situation has come to be called the “Global Learning Crisis,” and it is one of the most critical challenges facing the world today. Work to address this situation depends on how it is understood. Typically, the Global Learning Crisis and efforts to improve primary education are defined in relation to two terms: access and quality. This book is focused on the connection between them. In a mixed-methods case study, this book provides detailed, contextualized analysis of Ugandan primary education. As one of the first countries in sub-Saharan Africa to enact dramatic and far-reaching primary education policy, Uganda serves as a compelling case study. With both quantitative and qualitative data from over 400 Ugandan schools and communities, the book analyzes grade repetition, private primary schools, and school fees, viewing each issue as an illustration of the connection between access to education and education quality. This analysis finds evidence of a positive association, challenging a key assumption that there is a trade-off or disconnect between efforts to improve access to education and efforts to improve education quality. The book concludes that embracing the complexity of education systems and focusing on dynamics where improvements in access and quality can be mutually reinforcing can be a new approach for improving basic education in contexts around the world.
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Berg, Maxine. Global History and the Transformation of Early Modern Europe. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198768784.003.0008.
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The Industrial Revolution was not only about the conditions of supply in the West. It was also about the development of global trading systems that positioned the West as a nodal point in a global exchange of goods and materials. This chapter makes a clear case for the significance of trade with Asia in the development of the European economies. It examines critically the historiography on the world and the Industrial Revolution: it contrasts the fairly expansive view that Hobsbawm gave to the Industrial Revolution with historiography’s turning first inwards, to Europe only (Landes) and to Britain only (Wrigley, Allen), then outward again, in recent approaches. By emphasizing the interconnectedness of economic development, it raises significant questions about how all scholars should approach the global nature of the modern capitalist economy.
Części książek na temat "Global Fore- cast System"
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Reimers, Fernando M. "In Search of a Twenty-First Century Education Renaissance after a Global Pandemic". W Implementing Deeper Learning and 21st Education Reforms, 1–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57039-2_1.
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Abstract The COVID-19 Pandemic renewed interest on the question of what goals should be pursued by schools in a world rapidly changing and uncertain. As education leaders developed strategies to continue to educate during the Pandemic, through alternative education arrangements necessitated by the closure of schools, the question of re-prioritizing curriculum became essential. In addition, the anticipated disruptions and impacts that the Pandemic would cause brought the question of what capacities matter to the fore. This chapter reviews the history of mass education and examines the role of the United Nations and other international organizations advocating for schools to educate the whole child and to cultivate the breath of skills essential to advance individual freedoms and social improvement. The chapter makes the case that the aspiration to cultivate a broad range of competencies is not only necessary to meet the growing demands of civic and economic participation, but also critical to close opportunity gaps. The development of a science of implementation of system level reform to educate the whole child is fundamental to close the growing gap between more ambitious aspirations for schools and the learning opportunities that most children experience and that are at the root of their low levels of knowledge and skills as demonstrated in international comparative assessments. Implementation strategies need to take into account the stage of institutional development of the education system, and align the components and sequence of the reform to the existing capacities and structures, while using the reform to help the system advance towards more complex forms of organization that enable it to achieve more ambitious goals. The chapter makes the case for examining the implementation of large scale reforms in countries at varied stages of educational development in order to overcome the limitations of the current knowledge base that relies excessively on the study of a narrow range of countries at similar levels of development, many of them with stagnant or declining performance of their students in international assessments of knowledge and skills. Effective implementation requires also coherence across the various levels of governance of the education system and good communication and collaboration across a wide spectrum of stakeholders. Such communication can be facilitated by a good theory of mind of how others view reform. A reform can be viewed through five alternative frameworks: cultural, psychological, professional, institutional and political, or through a combination of those, and each reform is based on elements reflecting one or several of those frames. Understanding these frames, can help better understand how others view change, thus facilitating communication and the development of a shared theory of change. The chapter concludes describing the methods of this study and introducing the six large scale reforms examined in the book.
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Zhang, Fangguo, Futai Zhang i Yumin Wang. "Fair Electronic Cash Systems with Multiple Banks". W Information Security for Global Information Infrastructures, 461–70. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35515-3_47.
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Chen, Shin-Guang. "Performance Evaluation for an ERP System in Case of System Failures". W Global Perspective for Competitive Enterprise, Economy and Ecology, 361–69. London: Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-762-2_33.
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Hayen, Roger L., i Zhenyu Huang. "Multiple Case Studies of Global Enterprise System Implementation in China". W Emerging Technologies for Information Systems, Computing, and Management, 1187–97. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7010-6_133.
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Wai, Tony L. H., i Lenore O’Connor. "“Lean” into Your Service Model: An Institutional Case Study Using Library Systems". W Global Lean for Higher Education, 63–78. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2020. | “A Routledge title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa plc.”: Productivity Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429399688-4.
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Ali, Hadi, i Ann McKenna. "Reopening Campuses: Visualizing the Structure of a System Problem". W Global Perspectives on Educational Innovations for Emergency Situations, 47–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99634-5_5.
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AbstractThe process of reopening of college campuses in response to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic sheds light on underlying features of the educational system. Understanding the various models of reopening gives us insight into how the education system is structured through the responses of the various college campuses—a unique opportunity to capturing issues of inertial momentum against change in the past, and projecting into the future. We propose visualizing the structure of a system problem as a way to allow the problem to become visible through mental models. We illustrate our approach through causal loops—the core tool for systems thinking. We discuss the construction of one visual model, based on publicly available resources, to be used as a starting point for a discussion. The model points to the importance of making informed, high-level early decisions, in the case of a crisis, as this shows to be a highly dependent variable in the model. This finding is shown to be supported by ongoing research on faculty adaptability in different contexts. Visualizing mental models in systems thinking does not seek to unnecessarily capture all the details of the complexity of the educational system; rather, it aims to externalize deep problems, which, in turn, demonstrate opportunities for transformation in the future.
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Tiwari, Anand Prakash. "Redesigning Institutions and Governance Systems for Urban Water Demand Management: Case of Developing City Delhi, India". W Alliance for Global Sustainability Bookseries, 435–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9914-3_43.
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Galińska, Barbara. "Multiple Criteria Evaluation of Global Transportation Systems - Analysis of Case Study". W Advanced Solutions of Transport Systems for Growing Mobility, 155–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62316-0_13.
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Klausbruckner, Carmen, Lucas R. F. Henneman, Peter Rafaj i Harold J. Annegarn. "Energy Policy, Air Quality, and Climate Mitigation in South Africa: The Case for Integrated Assessment". W Systems Analysis Approach for Complex Global Challenges, 113–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71486-8_7.
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Nastis, Stefanos. "Modelling approach for Data Analysis". W Manuali – Scienze Tecnologiche, 29. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-044-3.29.
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A Decision Support System (DSS) is an interactive, computer-based system that helps users in making decisions. Besides the provision of storing and data retrieval, DSS enhances information access and retrieval functions. Designing a DSS for agriculture enables farmers to make effective decisions for higher yield and lower production costs. Precision agriculture, through the use of remote sensing, geographical information systems, global positioning systems, soil testing, yield monitors and variable rate technology, provide a number of inputs into the DSS. Case studies are presented where the DSS is designed to optimize specific inputs, such as water consumption or pesticide applications by employing precision agriculture through information and communication technology.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Global Fore- cast System"
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KAWATKAR, AMIT G., Vikraman Vellandi, Bharani Dharan R i S. Loganathan. "Design Analysis and Development of Aluminium Cylinder Block with Slip-Fit Cylinder Liners for High Performance New Generation Passenger Car Diesel Engine". W WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0442.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The global automotive industry is growing rapidly in recent years and the market competition has increased drastically. There is a high demand for passenger car segment vehicles with high torque delivery and fuel economy for a pleasant drivability experience. Also, to meet the more stringent emission requirements, automakers are trying very hard to reduce the overall vehicle gross weight. In lowering both fuel consumption and CO<sub>2</sub> generation, serious efforts have been made to reduce the overall engine weight. An engine cylinder block is generally considered to be the heaviest part within a complete engine and block alone accounts for 3-4% of the total weight of the average vehicle, thus playing a key role in weight reduction consideration. Aluminum casting alloys as a substitute for the traditional cast iron can mean a reduction in engine block weight between 40 and 55% [<span class="xref">9</span>], even if the lower strength of aluminum compared to grey cast iron is considered. Thus, designers of aluminum engine blocks are constantly striving to design better and lighter blocks in order to improve and enhance the efficiency of automobile engines.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This work is a part of design and development of 2.2 L, 4-cylinder turbocharged intercooler (TCIC) diesel engine for a complete new monocoque vehicle platform, focused on automotive passenger car application with high operating in cylinder combustion pressures around 190 bar. The paper portrays the effective system approach essential for selecting aluminum as the choice of material, selection of alloy composition, casting process, heat treatment and key design criteria. The ongoing substitution of cast iron in engine blocks by aluminum casting alloys also requires the design and development of a new “tribological” system. Selection of cost-effective cylinder liner system and the drawbacks of this heterogeneous concept such as the lack of metallic bonding with the surrounding cast aluminum alloy and higher bore distortion are addressed during design and development. Statistical database, quality tools like design failure mode and effect analysis (DFMEA), design for manufacture and assembly (DFMA) etc., classical design methods, finite element analysis (FEA), advanced computer-aided engineering (CAE) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation tools have helped in materializing this concept into production. Experimental validation of the design is carried out as a part of design verification and validation. And results are elaborated to show the effectiveness of integrated approach used for the development program.</div></div>
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Kalish, Nathan J., Satchit Ramnath, Payam Haghighi, Joseph K. Davidson, Jami J. Shah i Jiten V. Shah. "The Set-Up-Map for Automating the Positioning of Castings and Weldments in Fixtures to Ensure Completely Machined Surfaces". W ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59695.
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There is considerable geometric variability of raw castings and weldments before any machining of surfaces that assemble with other components. Consequently, considerable time often is spent identifying successful set-up adjustments at the machining fixtures for such parts in a way to ensure that every machined surface will be complete. The proposed Set-Up-Map© is a point-space subset of R6 where each of the six orthogonal coordinates correspond to one of the rigid-body displacements in three dimensional space: three translations and three rotations. Any point within the Set-Up-Map (S-Map) corresponds to a small body displacement (SBD) of the part that satisfies the condition that each feature will lie within its associated tolerance zone after machining. S-Maps are derived from previous work on Tolerance Maps© (T-Maps), which represent feature deviations allowed by a given tolerance zone. Each raw casting or weldment is scanned, and the point-cloud data fitted to individual features, to determine how much each to-be-machined (TBM) feature deviates from nominal specifications. Each local T-Map is formed from a library, then shifted to be centered on its corresponding scanned feature on each casting; it becomes a local S-Map primitive. Each of these local S-Maps is then transformed to a single global reference frame. The intersection of these S-Map primitives in the global frame gives the allowable small body displacements that satisfy the positioning requirements for all TBM features. Since T-Maps are convex objects, a half-space intersection method is used to generate an S-Map. Any point within the S-Map represents a viable small body displacement specific to the global coordinate system established on the part. In the case that as-cast or as-welded features deviate from what is acceptable, the S-Map will be the empty set. Consequently, in addition to reducing the time for setup in a fixture, S-Maps can serve as a valuable diagnostic to determine that a part should be either scrapped or reworked.
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Kanamori, Mitsuru. "Global stabilization of anti-windup PID position control for euler-lagrange systems with actuator saturation". W 2011 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/case.2011.6042402.
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Alsan, A. "Diffusion of management systems in multinational companies: the case of dynamic strategic planning system". W Proceedings of PICMET 2006-Technology Management for the Global Future. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/picmet.2006.296746.
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Alsan, A., A. Celebi, O. Kalan i A. S. Siemens. "The Role of Technology for Strategic Planning Systems: The Case of Dynamic Strategic Planning System". W Proceedings of PICMET 2006-Technology Management for the Global Future. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/picmet.2006.296556.
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Pavlov, A., N. V. de Wouw i H. Nijmeijer. "Global robust output regulation for Lur'e systems". W 2004 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37601). IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2004.1429503.
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Tian, Shulin, Chenglin Yang i Bing Long. "Selection of Global Minimal Test Points Set for Integer-Coded Fault Wise Table". W 2009 IEEE Circuits and Systems International Conference on Testing and Diagnosis. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cas-ictd.2009.4960871.
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Pendleton, Ian. "NHNY Via Verde – A New Design Standard For Affordable Housing". W IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0271.
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<p>NHNY Via Verde is a global model of sustainable housing development. Located in a Bronx brownfield, the 294,000 SF structure contains 222 residential units with 40,000 SF of green roofs and open space. Cascading buildings surrounding a central courtyard consists of a 21 story tower, 16- to 7-story midrise and 5 to 3-story low-rise. Interconnected, accessible green roofs provide continuous access from the courtyard to 12<span>th</span> level roof: the “via verde” or “green way”. Primary structure consists of cast-in-place concrete at the tower and concrete masonry bearing walls with precast concrete plank at mid- and low-rises. These conventional materials are arranged in unconventional ways to maximize efficiency, generating the architectural unit layout from optimal plank spans and eliminating façade bearing walls for prefabricated façades with sunshades and balconies. Secondary structural steel framing supports low rise storefronts, extensive roof PV panel arrays and a rainwater catchment system. Fly ash replacement was maximized in all concrete, and the time effect on strength gain was managed in construction. The large building volume required internal building separations with three independent structures engineered for drift compatibility. Foundation pile capacities vary to optimize efficiency to wide-ranging building heights.</p>
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Leung, Peter, Kosuke Ishii i Jan Benson. "Modularization of Work Tasks for Global Engineering". W ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82137.
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This paper introduces a methodology that guides the modularization of work task for global engineering. Global engineering is a new collaboration model of co-developing engineering design systems with distributed teams. We consider the decision of allocating subsystem designs to engineering teams as modularization of work tasks. Previous efforts have reviewed the different approaches to analyzing product modularization, but few studies have investigated developing a methodology that focuses on process applications. We begin this paper with an overview of current modularization methods and of the definitions of Global Engineering. Then we present the three-step modularization methodology in detail: 1.) decompose the design system and its functional specifications by a flow down technique, 2.) identify the couplings between the system parts and the functional requirements, and plot the interactions in a matrix, and 3.) modularize design work based on the identified couplings for worksharing. As a case study, we apply the method to a vehicle interior design. We conclude the paper by discussing the case study findings and the appropriate application of this analysis. We also explain the methodology’s limitations and propose future research opportunities.
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Diaz-Perez, Claudia, i Ricardo Arechavala-Vargas. "Regional Systems of Innovation in Canada: Two Case Studies". W 2006 Technology Management for the Global Future - PICMET 2006 Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/picmet.2006.296561.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaporty organizacyjne na temat "Global Fore- cast System"
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White, William. What Next for the Post Covid Global Economy: Could Negative Supply Shocks Disrupt Other Fragile Systems? Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, styczeń 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp199.
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There is a reasonable likelihood that that the next global economic crisis could threaten the future of democracy. The economic system is a complex, adaptive system (CAS) subject to “tipping points” when underlying stresses lead to crisis. Moreover, the economic system is nested within a number of other CAS; political, environmental and public health among others. Looking forward, recurrent negative supply shocks imply a dangerous future of higher real interest rates and debt distress leading to either deflation (private debt distress) or higher inflation (sovereign debt distress). Such problems could threaten democratic political systems that are already showing signs of significant stress themselves. The paper finishes with some reflections on policy alternatives.
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Bigorre, Sebastien P., i Raymond Graham. The Northwest Tropical Atlantic Station (NTAS): NTAS-20 Mooring Turnaround Cruise Report Cruise On Board RV Pisces November 4-28, 2021 Newport, RI - Pascagoula, MS. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, luty 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/29647.
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The Northwest Tropical Atlantic Station (NTAS) was established to address the need for accurate air-sea flux estimates and upper ocean measurements in a region with strong sea surface temperature anomalies and the likelihood of significant local air–sea interaction on interannual to decadal timescales. The approach is to maintain a surface mooring outfitted for meteorological and oceanographic measurements at a site near 15°N, 51°W by successive mooring turnarounds. These observations are used to investigate air–sea interaction processes related to climate variability. The NTAS Ocean Reference Station (ORS NTAS) is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing (GOMO) Program (formerly Ocean Observing and Monitoring Division). This report documents recovery of the NTAS-19 mooring and deployment of the NTAS-20 mooring at the same site. Both moorings used Surlyn foam buoys as the surface element. These buoys were outfitted with two Air–Sea Interaction Meteorology (ASIMET) systems. Each system measures, records, and transmits via satellite the surface meteorological variables necessary to compute air–sea fluxes of heat, moisture and momentum. The upper 160 m of the mooring line were outfitted with oceanographic sensors for the measurement of temperature, salinity and velocity. The mooring turnaround was done by the Upper Ocean Processes Group of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), onboard R/V Pisces, Cruise PC-21-07. The cruise took place from November 4 to 28, 2021. The NTAS-20 mooring was deployed on November 12, and the NTAS-19 mooring was recovered on November 13. Limited inter-comparison between ship and buoys were performed on this cruise. This report describes these operations and the pre-cruise buoy preparations. Other operations during PC-21-07 consisted of one CTD cast near the Meridional Overturning Variability Experiment (MOVE) subsurface mooring array MOVE 1-14. MOVE is designed to monitor the integrated deep meridional flow in the tropical North Atlantic.
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Aguiar, Angel, Erwin Corong i Dominique van der Mensbrugghe. Detailed Trade Policy Simulations Using a Global General Equilibrium Model. GTAP Working Paper, marzec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp89.
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For the majority of studies using global general equilibrium models, the sectoral detail provided by the GTAP Data Base would be sufficient. However, analyses aimed at supporting trade negotiations or detailed trade policy regulations often require modeling at the tariff linear Harmonized System (HS) level. We bridge this gap by providing an automated data and model workflow that allows GTAP-based analyses at the HS level. In this paper, we illustrate and explain the use of this workflow by first carrying out a data procedure where we redefine GTAP sectors related to the auto industry — though the workflow is flexible enough to redefine or disaggregate any GTAP sector into its HS associated components. Then, we use an extended standard GTAP version 7 (GTAP-HS) model to carry out explicit modeling of the additional HS-level detail. Both data and model workflow that accompany this paper are available as supplementary materials. This new framework facilitates simulations of trade policy at the HS level, thereby allowing researchers to capture more nuances on the trade side. This is especially important when tariffs are highly differentiated across the HS components, which is the case for the automotive sector—tariffs may be relatively low on auto parts (intermediate goods), but higher on assembled vehicles (final goods)
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Middlehurst, Robin, i Steve Woodfield. The Role of Transnational, Private, and For-Profit Provision in Meeting Global Demand for Tertiary Education: Mapping, Regulation and Impact. Commonwealth of Learning (COL), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/11599/241.
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This is a report of a first-stage project sponsored by UNESCO and the Commonwealth of Learning to map the extent, range, and impact of transnational, private, and for-profit tertiary education provision in a sample of countries. The data, collected from readily available public sources and verified by in-country experts, was first used to create country case studies for Jamaica, Bangladesh, Malaysia, and Bulgaria. A summary report was then produced that drew comparisons across countries in relation to five topics: overviews of each country; national education systems and policies; regulatory frameworks, accreditation, and quality assurance; transnational, private, and for-profit provision; and local perceptions of impact. The summary report also provides a comparative analysis across countries, with reference to the wider literature, and draws out a series of policy implications from the study for governments, institutions, and agencies, both national and international.
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Jupiter, David L., i Lisa J. Reuter. The Development of a Business Case Analysis for the Acquisition of the Agile Rapid Global Combat Support System Used for the United States Marine Corps' Ground Equipment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, grudzień 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada460324.
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Perera, Duminda, Ousmane Seidou, Jetal Agnihotri, Mohamed Rasmy, Vladimir Smakhtin, Paulin Coulibaly i Hamid Mehmood. Flood Early Warning Systems: A Review Of Benefits, Challenges And Prospects. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, sierpień 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/mjfq3791.
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Floods are major water-related disasters that affect millions of people resulting in thousands of mortalities and billiondollar losses globally every year. Flood Early Warning Systems (FEWS) - one of the floods risk management measures - are currently operational in many countries. The UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction recognises their importance and strongly advocates for an increase in their availability under the targets of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, despite widespread recognition of the importance of FEWS for disaster risk reduction (DRR), there’s a lack of information on their availability and status around the world, their benefits and costs, challenges and trends associated with their development. This report contributes to bridging these gaps by analyzing the responses to a comprehensive online survey with over 80 questions on various components of FEWS (risk knowledge, monitoring and forecasting, warning dissemination and communication, and response capabilities), investments into FEWS, their operational effectiveness, benefits, and challenges. FEWS were classified as technologically “basic”, “intermediate” and “advanced” depending on the existence and sophistication of FEWS` components such as hydrological data = collection systems, data transfer systems, flood forecasting methods, and early warning communication methods. The survey questionnaire was distributed to flood forecasting and warning centers around the globe; the primary focus was developing and least-developed countries (LDCs). The questionnaire is available here: https://inweh.unu.edu/questionnaireevaluation-of-flood-early-warning-systems/ and can be useful in its own right for similar studies at national or regional scales, in its current form or with case-specific modifications. Survey responses were received from 47 developing (including LDCs) and six developed countries. Additional information for some countries was extracted from available literature. Analysis of these data suggests the existence of an equal number of “intermediate” and “advanced” FEWS in surveyed river basins. While developing countries overall appear to progress well in FEWS implementation, LDCs are still lagging behind since most of them have “basic” FEWS. The difference between types of operational systems in developing and developed countries appear to be insignificant; presence of basic, intermediate or advanced FEWS depends on available investments for system developments and continuous financing for their operations, and there is evidence of more financial support — on the order of USD 100 million — to FEWS in developing countries thanks to international aid. However, training the staff and maintaining the FEWS for long-term operations are challenging. About 75% of responses indicate that river basins have inadequate hydrological network coverage and back-up equipment. Almost half of the responders indicated that their models are not advanced and accurate enough to produce reliable forecasts. Lack of technical expertise and limited skilled manpower to perform forecasts was cited by 50% of respondents. The primary reason for establishing FEWS, based on the survey, is to avoid property damage; minimizing causalities and agricultural losses appear to be secondary reasons. The range of the community benefited by FEWS varies, but 55% of FEWS operate in the range between 100,000 to 1 million of population. The number of flood disasters and their causalities has declined since the year 2000, while 50% of currently operating FEWS were established over the same period. This decline may be attributed to the combined DRR efforts, of which FEWS are an integral part. In lower-middle-income and low-income countries, economic losses due to flood disasters may be smaller in absolute terms, but they represent a higher percentage of such countries’ GDP. In high-income countries, higher flood-related losses accounted for a small percentage of their GDP. To improve global knowledge on FEWS status and implementation in the context of Sendai Framework and SDGs, the report’s recommendations include: i) coordinate global investments in FEWS development and standardise investment reporting; ii) establish an international hub to monitor the status of FEWS in collaboration with the national responsible agencies. This will support the sharing of FEWS-related information for accelerated global progress in DRR; iii) develop a comprehensive, index-based ranking system for FEWS according to their effectiveness in flood disaster mitigation. This will provide clear standards and a roadmap for improving FEWS’ effectiveness, and iv) improve coordination between institutions responsible for flood forecasting and those responsible for communicating warnings and community preparedness and awareness.
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Alemu, Dawit, i Abebaw Assaye. A Multi-Phase Assessment of the Effects of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Ethiopia: The Case of Fogera Plain. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), listopad 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.036.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has not only led to the loss of human life and resulted in an unprecedented challenge to public health, but has also seriously affected food systems and work opportunities. As a global pandemic, COVID-19 has impacted food systems and livelihoods as a result of both economic and health challenges that emanate from domestic public policy measures, and also actions taken by other countries, mainly in the form of trade restrictions. Following the confirmation of the first COVID-19 case in Ethiopia on 13 March 2020, and concerns about the sharp increase in cases, the federal government declared a state of emergency on 8 April 2020 which lasted for five months. This paper presents the assessment of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and its prevention measures on agricultural commercialisation, food and nutrition security, labour and employment, as well as poverty and well-being in rural Ethiopia.
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Russell, Christina A. Centering Wellbeing: Advancing Social Emotional Learning for All. Digital Promise, kwiecień 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/177.
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The Working Group on Social Emotional Learning (SEL) and Learning Differences was launched in 2021 as an initiative of the Global Cities Education Network (GCEN). Fourteen school districts each worked to implement a unique action plan designed to strengthen SEL supports in their district, including for students with learning differences. Districts drew on expertise and resources shared in the working group and adapted the strategies to meet their needs. The learning centered on deep dives into two international school systems: a virtual site visit to Surrey Schools (British Columbia, Canada) and an in-person convening in Melbourne (Victoria, Australia). This report features four case studies and shares lessons learned and strategies implemented by the districts.
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Fullan, Michael, i Joanne Quinn. How Do Disruptive Innovators Prepare Today's Students to Be Tomorrow's Workforce?: Deep Learning: Transforming Systems to Prepare Tomorrow’s Citizens. Inter-American Development Bank, grudzień 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002959.
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Disruptive innovators take advantage of unique opportunities. Prior to COVID-19 progress in Latin America and the Caribbean for integrating technology, learning, and system change has been exceedingly slow. In this paper we first offer a general framework for transforming education. The framework focuses on the provision of technology, innovative ideas in learning and well-being, and what we call systemness which are favorable change factors at the local, middle/regional, and policy levels. We then take up the matter of system reform in Latin America and the Caribbean noting problems and potential. Then, we turn to a specific model in system change that we have developed called New Pedagogies for Deep Learning, a model developed in partnerships with groups of schools in ten countries since 2014. The model consists of three main components: 6 Global Competences (character, citizenship, collaboration, communication, creativity, and critical thinking), 4 learning elements (pedagogy, learning partnerships, learning environments, leveraging digital), and three system conditions (school culture, district/regional culture, and system policy). We offer a case study of relative success based on Uruguay with whom we have been working since 2014. Finally, we identify steps and recommendations for next steps in Latin America for taking action on system reform in the next perioda time that we consider critical for taking advantage of the current pandemic disruption. The next few years will be crucial for either attaining positive breakthroughs or slipping backwards into a reinforced status quo.
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Watson, Carol. Shock-Responsive Social Protection in the Sahel: Niger, Mauritania, and Senegal. Institute of Development Studies, lipiec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2023.038.
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In the face of shocks that are recurrent, predictable, interrelated, and multi-annual, governments and the international community are increasingly looking to the potential of shock-responsive and adaptive social protection to address multidimensional risk in a sustainable and integrated manner. This is the case in the West African Sahel, where social protection systems are being strengthened and an array of new delivery approaches are underway to coordinate efforts and address shocks related primarily to food security arising out of climate and conflict-related shocks and displacement. Drawing on more detailed assessment of shock-responsive policy and programming in Niger, Mauritania, and Senegal, and informed by current global thinking, this paper identifies key issues, trends, and lessons learnt, and highlights emerging themes for support and engagement.