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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Glacier geometry change”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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1

O'Neal, Michael A., Brian Hanson, Sebastian Carisio, and Ashley Satinsky. "Detecting recent changes in the areal extent of North Cascades glaciers, USA." Quaternary Research 84, no. 2 (2015): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2015.05.007.

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We present an exhaustive spatial analysis using the geographic, geometric, and hypsometric characteristics of 742 North Cascades glaciers to evaluate changes in their areal extents over a half-century period. Our results indicate that, contrary to our initial expectations, glacier change throughout the study region cannot be explained readily by correlations in glacier location, size, or shape. Because of the large error attributable to annual variations in glacier area due to snowpack, no statistically reliable change could be detected for 444 glaciers in our study (a slight majority). Of the

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VEITCH, STEPHEN A., and MEREDITH NETTLES. "Assessment of glacial-earthquake source parameters." Journal of Glaciology 63, no. 241 (2017): 867–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.52.

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ABSTRACTGlacial earthquakes are slow earthquakes of magnitude M~5 associated with major calving events at near-grounded marine-terminating glaciers. These globally detectable earthquakes provide information on the grounding state of outlet glaciers and the timing of large calving events. Seismic source modeling of glacial earthquakes provides information on the size and orientation of forces associated with calving events. We compare force orientations estimated using a centroid-single-force technique with the calving-front orientations of the source glaciers at or near the time of earthquake

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3

Paul, F. "The influence of changes in glacier extent and surface elevation on modeled mass balance." Cryosphere 4, no. 4 (2010): 569–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-4-569-2010.

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Abstract. Glaciers are widely recognized as unique demonstration objects for climate change impacts, mostly due to the strong change of glacier length in response to small climatic changes. However, glacier mass balance as the direct response to the annual atmospheric conditions can be better interpreted in meteorological terms. When the climatic signal is deduced from long-term mass balance data, changes in glacier geometry (i.e. surface extent and elevation) must be considered as such adjustments form an essential part of the glacier reaction to new climatic conditions. In this study, a set

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4

Paul, F. "The influence of changes in glacier extent and surface elevation on modeled mass balance." Cryosphere Discussions 4, no. 2 (2010): 737–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-4-737-2010.

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Abstract. Glaciers are widely recognized as unique demonstration objects for climate change impacts, mostly due to the strong change of glacier length in response to small climatic changes. However, glacier mass balance as the direct response to the annual atmospheric conditions can be better interpreted in meteorological terms. When the climatic signal is deduced from long-term mass balance data, changes in glacier geometry (i.e. surface extent and elevation) must be considered as such adjustments form an essential part of the glacier reaction to new climatic conditions. In this study, a set

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5

Brugger, Keith A. "Non-Synchronous Response Of Rabots Glaciar and Storglaciaren To Recent Climatic Change." Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 331–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500008910.

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Rabots glaciär and Storglaciären are small valley glaciers located in the Kebnekaise massif of northern Sweden. Rabots glaciär flows west from the summit of Kebnekaise (2114 m) and Storglaciären flows east; thus regional climate affecting the glaciers is the same. The glaciers are of comparable size and geometry, although differences exist in the variation of ice thickness and the subglacial bedrock topography within the respective basins. The thickness of Rabots glaciär appears to be relatively uniform over much of its length and its bed smooth. The bed over which Storglaciären flows is chara

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Brugger, Keith A. "Non-Synchronous Response Of Rabots Glaciar and Storglaciaren To Recent Climatic Change." Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 331–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500008910.

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Rabots glaciär and Storglaciären are small valley glaciers located in the Kebnekaise massif of northern Sweden. Rabots glaciär flows west from the summit of Kebnekaise (2114 m) and Storglaciären flows east; thus regional climate affecting the glaciers is the same. The glaciers are of comparable size and geometry, although differences exist in the variation of ice thickness and the subglacial bedrock topography within the respective basins. The thickness of Rabots glaciär appears to be relatively uniform over much of its length and its bed smooth. The bed over which Storglaciären flows is chara

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7

Sutherland, D. A., R. H. Jackson, C. Kienholz, et al. "Direct observations of submarine melt and subsurface geometry at a tidewater glacier." Science 365, no. 6451 (2019): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aax3528.

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Ice loss from the world’s glaciers and ice sheets contributes to sea level rise, influences ocean circulation, and affects ecosystem productivity. Ongoing changes in glaciers and ice sheets are driven by submarine melting and iceberg calving from tidewater glacier margins. However, predictions of glacier change largely rest on unconstrained theory for submarine melting. Here, we use repeat multibeam sonar surveys to image a subsurface tidewater glacier face and document a time-variable, three-dimensional geometry linked to melting and calving patterns. Submarine melt rates are high across the

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8

Roe, Gerard H., and Michael A. O’Neal. "The response of glaciers to intrinsic climate variability: observations and models of late-Holocene variations in the Pacific Northwest." Journal of Glaciology 55, no. 193 (2009): 839–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214309790152438.

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AbstractDiscriminating between glacier variations due to natural climate variability and those due to true climate change is crucial for the interpretation and attribution of past glacier changes, and for the expectations of future changes. We explore this issue for the well-documented glaciers of Mount Baker in the Cascades Mountains of Washington State, USA, using glacier histories, glacier modeling, weather data and numerical weather model output. We find that natural variability alone is capable of producing kilometer-scale excursions in glacier length on multi-decadal and centennial times

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9

Winsvold, S. H., L. M. Andreassen, and C. Kienholz. "Glacier area and length changes in Norway from repeat inventories." Cryosphere 8, no. 5 (2014): 1885–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1885-2014.

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Abstract. In this study, we assess glacier area and length changes in mainland Norway from repeat Landsat TM/ETM+-derived inventories and digitized topographic maps. The multi-temporal glacier inventory consists of glacier outlines from three time ranges: 1947 to 1985 (GIn50), 1988 to 1997 (GI1990), and 1999 to 2006 (GI2000). For the northernmost regions, we include an additional inventory (GI1900) based on historic maps surveyed between 1895 and 1907. Area and length changes are assessed per glacier unit, 36 subregions, and for three main parts of Norway: southern, central, and northern. The

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10

Winsvold, S. H., L. M. Andreassen, and C. Kienholz. "Glacier area and length changes in Norway from repeat inventories." Cryosphere Discussions 8, no. 3 (2014): 3069–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-8-3069-2014.

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Abstract. In this study, we assess glacier area and length changes in mainland Norway from repeat Landsat TM/ETM+ derived inventories and digitized topographic maps. The multi-temporal glacier inventory consists of glacier outlines from within three time ranges: 1947 to 1985 (GIn50), 1988 to 1997 (GI1990), and 1999 to 2006 (GI2000). For the northernmost regions, we include an additional inventory (GI1900), based on historic maps surveyed between 1895 to 1907. Area and length changes are assessed per glacier unit, for 36 subregions, and for three main parts of Norway: southern, central and nort

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11

Huss, M. "Extrapolating glacier mass balance to the mountain range scale: the European Alps 1900–2100." Cryosphere Discussions 6, no. 2 (2012): 1117–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-6-1117-2012.

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Abstract. This study addresses the extrapolation of single glacier mass balance measurements to the mountain range scale and aims at deriving time series of area-averaged mass balance and ice volume change for all glaciers in the European Alps for the period 1900–2100. Long-term mass balance series for 50 Swiss glaciers based on a combination of field data and modelling, and WGMS data for glaciers in Austria, France and Italy are used. A complete glacier inventory is available for the year 2003. Mass balance extrapolation is performed based on (1) arithmetic averaging, (2) glacier hypsometry,

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12

Huss, M. "Extrapolating glacier mass balance to the mountain-range scale: the European Alps 1900–2100." Cryosphere 6, no. 4 (2012): 713–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-713-2012.

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Abstract. This study addresses the extrapolation of in-situ glacier mass balance measurements to the mountain-range scale and aims at deriving time series of area-averaged mass balance and ice volume change for all glaciers in the European Alps for the period 1900–2100. Long-term mass balance series for 50 Swiss glaciers based on a combination of field data and modelling, and WGMS data for glaciers in Austria, France and Italy are used. A complete glacier inventory is available for the year 2003. Mass balance extrapolation is performed based on (1) arithmetic averaging, (2) glacier hypsometry,

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13

Zheng, Whyjay. "Glacier geometry and flow speed determine how Arctic marine-terminating glaciers respond to lubricated beds." Cryosphere 16, no. 4 (2022): 1431–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1431-2022.

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Abstract. Basal conditions directly control the glacier sliding rate and the dynamic discharge of ice. Recent glacier destabilization events indicate that some marine-terminating glaciers quickly respond to lubricated beds with increased flow speed, but the underlying physics, especially how this vulnerability relates to glacier geometry and flow characteristics, remains unclear. This paper presents a 1D physical framework for glacier dynamic vulnerability assuming sudden basal lubrication as an initial perturbation. In this new model, two quantities determine the scale and the areal extent of

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14

Rippin, David M., Jonathan L. Carrivick, and Christopher Williams. "Evidence towards a thermal lag in the response of Kårsaglaciären, northern Sweden, to climate change." Journal of Glaciology 57, no. 205 (2011): 895–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214311798043672.

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AbstractRecent topographical and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys of Kårsaglaciären, which is a small (<1 km2) and thin (<56 m) mountain glacier in Arctic Sweden, show that there are small areas of temperate ice in the lowermost part of the glacier. This is curious because we would expect such a small and thin glacier to have a fully cold ablation zone. Specifically, with our analyses of present glacier geometry and thickness and of the prevailing climate, we are unable to explain the presence of temperate ice within the snout of Kårsaglaciären using prevailing models of glacier th

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15

Roe, Gerard H. "What do glaciers tell us about climate variability and climate change?" Journal of Glaciology 57, no. 203 (2011): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214311796905640.

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AbstractGlaciers respond to long-term climate changes and also to the year-to-year fluctuations inherent in a constant climate. Differentiating between these factors is critical for the correct interpretation of past glacier fluctuations and for the correct attribution of current changes. Previous work has established that century-scale, kilometre-scale fluctuations can occur in a constant climate. This study asks two further questions of practical significance: how likely is an excursion of a given magnitude in a given amount of time, and how large a trend in length is statistically significa

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16

Theakstone, Wilfred H. "Twentieth-Century Glacier Change at Svartisen, Norway: The Influence of Climate, Glacier Geometry and Glacier Dynamics." Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500008764.

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In the 1870s and 1880s, after a long period of cold conditions, most of the glaciers of Svartisen ended near their maximum Neoglacial limit. Subsequent changes, although principally a response to the climatic controls of mass balance, have been influenced by glacier geometry, including area/altitude relations and aspect, and by glacier dynamics. Calving has played a principal role in the decrease of size of two of the larger glaciers, Austerdalsisen and Flatisen, both of which became unstable once the grounded distal sections of their tongues lost contact with their beds. Mass balance variatio

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17

Theakstone, Wilfred H. "Twentieth-Century Glacier Change at Svartisen, Norway: The Influence of Climate, Glacier Geometry and Glacier Dynamics." Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500008764.

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In the 1870s and 1880s, after a long period of cold conditions, most of the glaciers of Svartisen ended near their maximum Neoglacial limit. Subsequent changes, although principally a response to the climatic controls of mass balance, have been influenced by glacier geometry, including area/altitude relations and aspect, and by glacier dynamics. Calving has played a principal role in the decrease of size of two of the larger glaciers, Austerdalsisen and Flatisen, both of which became unstable once the grounded distal sections of their tongues lost contact with their beds. Mass balance variatio

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18

Adhikari, S., and S. J. Marshall. "Influence of high-order mechanics on simulation of glacier response to climate change: insights from Haig Glacier, Canadian Rocky Mountains." Cryosphere 7, no. 5 (2013): 1527–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1527-2013.

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Abstract. Evolution of glaciers in response to climate change has mostly been simulated using simplified dynamical models. Because these models do not account for the influence of high-order physics, corresponding results may exhibit some biases. For Haig Glacier in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, we test this hypothesis by comparing simulation results obtained from 3-D numerical models that deal with different assumptions concerning physics, ranging from simple shear deformation to comprehensive Stokes flow. In glacier retreat scenarios, we find a minimal role of high-order mechanics in glacier

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19

Kavan, Jan, Guy D. Tallentire, Mihail Demidionov, Justyna Dudek, and Mateusz C. Strzelecki. "Fifty Years of Tidewater Glacier Surface Elevation and Retreat Dynamics along the South-East Coast of Spitsbergen (Svalbard Archipelago)." Remote Sensing 14, no. 2 (2022): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14020354.

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Tidewater glaciers on the east coast of Svalbard were examined for surface elevation changes and retreat rate. An archival digital elevation model (DEM) from 1970 (generated from aerial images by the Norwegian Polar Institute) in combination with recent ArcticDEM were used to compare the surface elevation changes of eleven glaciers. This approach was complemented by a retreat rate estimation based on the analysis of Landsat and Sentinel-2 images. In total, four of the 11 tidewater glaciers became land-based due to the retreat of their termini. The remaining tidewater glaciers retreated at an a

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Nuth, C., J. Kohler, H. F. Aas, O. Brandt, and J. O. Hagen. "Glacier geometry and elevation changes on Svalbard (1936–90): a baseline dataset." Annals of Glaciology 46 (2007): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756407782871440.

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AbstractThis study uses older topographic maps made from high-oblique aerial photographs for glacier elevation change studies. We compare the 1936/38 topographic map series of Svalbard (Norwegian Polar Institute) to a modern digital elevation model from 1990. Both systematic and random components of elevation error are examined by analyzing non-glacier elevation difference points. The 1936/38 photographic aerial survey is examined to identify areas with poor data coverage over glaciers. Elevation changes are analyzed for seven regions in Svalbard (~5000 km2), where significant thinning was fou

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Field, Hannah R., William H. Armstrong, and Matthias Huss. "Gulf of Alaska ice-marginal lake area change over the Landsat record and potential physical controls." Cryosphere 15, no. 7 (2021): 3255–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3255-2021.

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Abstract. Lakes in contact with glacier margins can impact glacier evolution as well as the downstream biophysical systems, flood hazard, and water resources. Recent work suggests positive feedbacks between glacier wastage and ice-marginal lake evolution, although precise physical controls are not well understood. Here, we quantify ice-marginal lake area change in understudied northwestern North America from 1984–2018 and investigate climatic, topographic, and glaciological influences on lake area change. We delineate time series of sampled lake perimeters (n=107 lakes) and find that regional

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Geist, Thomas, Hallgeir Elvehøy, Miriam Jackson, and Johann Stötter. "Investigations on intra-annual elevation changes using multi-temporal airborne laser scanning data: case study Engabreen, Norway." Annals of Glaciology 42 (2005): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756405781812592.

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AbstractKey issues of glacier monitoring are changes in glacier geometry and glacier mass. As accurate direct measurements are costly and time-consuming, the use of various remote-sensing data for glacier monitoring is explored. One technology used and described here is airborne laser scanning. The method enables the derivation of high-quality digital elevation models (DEMs) with a vertical and horizontal accuracy in the sub-metre range. Between September 2001 and August 2002, three laser scanner data acquisition flights were carried out, covering the whole area of Engabreen, Norway, and corre

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Warren, Charles R. "Iceberg calving and the glacioclimatic record." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 16, no. 3 (1992): 253–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339201600301.

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Glacier fluctuations can yield climatic information. However, the relationship between climate and calving glaciers is not straightforward. Iceberg calving introduces instability to the glacier system causing glaciers to oscillate asynchronously with each other and with noncalving glaciers, and out of phase with climate change. Calving rates are controlled primarily by water depth, but, for any given depth, are an order of magnitude greater in tidewater than in freshwater. Calving dynamics are poorly understood, but differ between temperate and cold glaciers, and between grounded and floating

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Giesen, R. H., and J. Oerlemans. "Response of the ice cap Hardangerjøkulen in southern Norway to the 20th and 21st century climates." Cryosphere Discussions 3, no. 3 (2009): 947–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-3-947-2009.

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Abstract. Glacier mass balance changes lead to geometry changes and vice versa. To include this interdependence in the response of glaciers to climate change, models should include an interactive scheme coupling mass balance and ice dynamics. In this study, we couple a spatially distributed mass balance model to a two-dimensional ice-flow model and apply this coupled model to the ice cap Hardangerjøkulen in southern Norway. The available glacio-meteorological records, mass balance and glacier length change measurements were utilized for model calibration and validation. Driven with meteorologi

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Huybers, Kathleen, and Gerard H. Roe. "Spatial Patterns of Glaciers in Response to Spatial Patterns in Regional Climate." Journal of Climate 22, no. 17 (2009): 4606–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2857.1.

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Abstract Glaciers are direct recorders of climate history and have come to be regarded as emblematic of climate change. They respond to variations in both accumulation and ablation, which can have separate atmospheric controls, leading to some ambiguity in interpreting the causes of glacier changes. Both climate change and climate variability have characteristic spatial patterns and time scales. The focus of this study is the regional-scale response of glaciers to natural patterns of climate variability. Using the Pacific Northwest of North America as the setting, the authors employ a simple l

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Hagen, Jon Ove, Trond Eiken, Jack Kohler, and Kjetil Melvold. "Geometry changes on Svalbard glaciers: mass-balance or dynamic response?" Annals of Glaciology 42 (2005): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756405781812763.

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AbstractThe geometry of glaciers is affected by both the mass balance and the dynamics. We present repeated GPS measurements of longitudinal altitude profiles on three glaciers in Svalbard and show that surface altitude changes alone cannot be used to assess the mass balance. The three measured glaciers are in different dynamic modes, and the observed changes in geometry are strongly affected by the dynamics. Nordenskiöldbreen shows no significant change in the geometry, indicating that the mass balance is in steady state with the dynamics. On Amundsenisen the surface has lowered by 1.5–2.0 ma

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Huss, M., G. Jouvet, D. Farinotti, and A. Bauder. "Future high-mountain hydrology: a new parameterization of glacier retreat." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, no. 1 (2010): 345–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-345-2010.

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Abstract. Climate warming is expected to significantly affect the runoff regime of mountainous catchments. Simple methods for calculating future glacier change in hydrological models are required in order to efficiently project economic impacts of changes in the water cycle over the next decades. Models for temporal and spatial glacier evolution need to describe the climate forcing acting on the glacier and ice flow dynamics. Flow models, however, demand considerable computation power and field data input and are moreover not applicable on the regional scale. Here, we propose a simple paramete

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Huss, M., G. Jouvet, D. Farinotti, and A. Bauder. "Future high-mountain hydrology: a new parameterization of glacier retreat." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 5 (2010): 815–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-815-2010.

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Abstract. Global warming is expected to significantly affect the runoff regime of mountainous catchments. Simple methods for calculating future glacier change in hydrological models are required in order to reliably assess economic impacts of changes in the water cycle over the next decades. Models for temporal and spatial glacier evolution need to describe the climate forcing acting on the glacier, and ice flow dynamics. Flow models, however, demand considerable computational resources and field data input and are moreover not applicable on the regional scale. Here, we propose a simple parame

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Hodgkins, Richard, Adrian Fox, and Anne-Marie Nuttall. "Geometry change between 1990 and 2003 at Finsterwalderbreen, a Svalbard surge-type glacier, from GPS profiling." Annals of Glaciology 46 (2007): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756407782871189.

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AbstractSurface mass-balance and geometry data are key to quantifying the climate response of glaciers, and confidence in data synthesis and model interpretations and forecasts requires data from as wide a range of locations and glacier types as possible. This paper presents measurements of surface elevation change at the Svalbard surge-type glacier Finsterwalderbreen, by comparing a 1990 digital elevation model (DEM) with a surface GPS profile from 2003. The pattern of elevation change is consistent with that previously noted between 1970 and 1990, and reflects the continued quiescent-phase e

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Cook, A. J., D. G. Vaughan, A. J. Luckman, and T. Murray. "A new Antarctic Peninsula glacier basin inventory and observed area changes since the 1940s." Antarctic Science 26, no. 6 (2014): 614–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102014000200.

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AbstractGlaciers on the Antarctic Peninsula have recently shown changes in extent, velocity and thickness, yet there is little quantification of change in the mass balance of individual glaciers or the processes controlling changes in extent. Here a high-resolution digital elevation model and a semi-automated drainage basin delineation method have been used to define glacier systems between 63°S–70°S on the mainland and surrounding islands, resulting in an inventory of 1590 glacier basins. Of these, 860 are marine-terminating glaciers whose ice fronts can be defined at specific epochs since th

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Bearzot, Francesca, Roberto Garzonio, Roberto Colombo, et al. "Flow Velocity Variations and Surface Change of the Destabilised Plator Rock Glacier (Central Italian Alps) from Aerial Surveys." Remote Sensing 14, no. 3 (2022): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14030635.

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Flow velocities were measured on the Plator rock glacier in the Central Italian Alps using a correlation image analysis algorithm on orthophotos acquired by drones between the years 2016 and 2020. The spatial patterns of surface creep were then compared to the Bulk Creep Factor (BCF) spatial variability to interpret the rock glacier dynamics as a function of material properties and geometry. The rock glacier showed different creep rates in the rooting zone (0.40–0.90 m/y) and in the frontal zone (>4.0 m/y). Close to the rock glacier front, the BCF assumed the highest values, reaching values

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Diolaiuti, Guglielmina Adele, Davide Maragno, Carlo D'Agata, Claudio Smiraglia, and Daniele Bocchiola. "Glacier retreat and climate change: Documenting the last 50 years of Alpine glacier history from area and geometry changes of Dosdè Piazzi glaciers (Lombardy Alps, Italy)." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 35, no. 2 (2011): 161–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133311399494.

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The recent rapid mass loss of mountain glaciers in response to climate warming has been reported for high and low latitudes all over the Earth. The paper analyses and discusses the recent evolution of a representative glacierized group within the Italian Alps, the Piazzi—Dosdè, where small glaciers are experiencing considerable retreat and shrinking. We analysed aerial photos to calculate area and geometry changes in the time window 1954—2003, and glaciological and geomorphological surveys were also performed. The estimated area change during 1954—2003 was —3.97 km2 (—51% of the area coverage

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Pfau, Monika, Georg Veh, and Wolfgang Schwanghart. "Cast shadows reveal changes in glacier surface elevation." Cryosphere 17, no. 8 (2023): 3535–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3535-2023.

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Abstract. Increased rates of glacier retreat and thinning need accurate local estimates of glacier elevation change to predict future changes in glacier runoff and their contribution to sea level rise. Glacier elevation change is typically derived from digital elevation models (DEMs) tied to surface change analysis from satellite imagery. Yet, the rugged topography in mountain regions can cast shadows onto glacier surfaces, making it difficult to detect local glacier elevation changes in remote areas. A rather untapped resource comprises precise, time-stamped metadata on the solar position and

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Anderson, Brian, Wendy Lawson, Ian Owens, and Becky Goodsell. "Past and future mass balance of ‘Ka Roimata o Hine Hukatere’ Franz Josef Glacier, New Zealand." Journal of Glaciology 52, no. 179 (2006): 597–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756506781828449.

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AbstractDespite their relatively small total ice volume, mid-latitude valley glaciers are expected to make a significant contribution to global sea-level rise over the next century due to the sensitivity of their mass-balance systems to small changes in climate. Here we use a degree-day model to reconstruct the past century of mass-balance variation at ‘Ka Roimata o Hine Hukatere’ Franz Josef Glacier, New Zealand, and to predict how mass balance may change over the next century. Analysis of the relationship between temperature, precipitation and mass balance indicates that temperature is a str

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Bartlett, Oliver T., Steven J. Palmer, Dustin M. Schroeder, Emma J. MacKie, Timothy T. Barrows, and Alastair G. C. Graham. "Geospatial simulations of airborne ice-penetrating radar surveying reveal elevation under-measurement bias for ice-sheet bed topography." Annals of Glaciology 61, no. 81 (2020): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aog.2020.35.

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AbstractAirborne radio-echo sounding (RES) surveys are widely used to measure ice-sheet bed topography. Measuring bed topography as accurately and widely as possible is of critical importance to modelling ice dynamics and hence to constraining better future ice response to climate change. Measurement accuracy of RES surveys is influenced both by the geometry of bed topography and the survey design. Here we develop a novel approach for simulating RES surveys over glaciated terrain, to quantify the sensitivity of derived bed elevation to topographic geometry. Furthermore, we investigate how meas

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Hill, Emily A., J. Rachel Carr, Chris R. Stokes, and G. Hilmar Gudmundsson. "Dynamic changes in outlet glaciers in northern Greenland from 1948 to 2015." Cryosphere 12, no. 10 (2018): 3243–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3243-2018.

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Abstract. The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is losing mass in response to recent climatic and oceanic warming. Since the mid-1990s, tidewater outlet glaciers across the ice sheet have thinned, retreated, and accelerated, but recent changes in northern Greenland have been comparatively understudied. Consequently, the dynamic response (i.e. changes in surface elevation and velocity) of these outlet glaciers to changes at their termini, particularly calving from floating ice tongues, is poorly constrained. Here we use satellite imagery and historical maps to produce an unprecedented 68-year record o

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Boudreaux, Andrew, and Charles Raymond. "Geometry response of glaciers to changes in spatial pattern of mass balance." Annals of Glaciology 25 (1997): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500014361.

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The effect of the spatial pattern of mass balance on the steady-state geometry of a glacier is examined using a Vialov -Nye glacier-flow model based on non-linear internal deformation of the ice with no basal motion. Surface profiles are predicted using a range of spatial variations of mass balance that include uniform shifts that cause a change in the mean and spatial patterns with zero mean representing changes in balance gradient and curvature. The corresponding effect on geometry induced by the different mass-balance patterns are described in terms of the volume and measures of surface slo

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Boudreaux, Andrew, and Charles Raymond. "Geometry response of glaciers to changes in spatial pattern of mass balance." Annals of Glaciology 25 (1997): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500014361.

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The effect of the spatial pattern of mass balance on the steady-state geometry of a glacier is examined using a Vialov -Nye glacier-flow model based on non-linear internal deformation of the ice with no basal motion. Surface profiles are predicted using a range of spatial variations of mass balance that include uniform shifts that cause a change in the mean and spatial patterns with zero mean representing changes in balance gradient and curvature. The corresponding effect on geometry induced by the different mass-balance patterns are described in terms of the volume and measures of surface slo

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Zhao, L., L. Tian, T. Zwinger, et al. "Numerical simulations of Gurenhekou Glacier on the Tibetan Plateau using a full-Stokes ice dynamical model." Cryosphere Discussions 7, no. 1 (2013): 145–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-7-145-2013.

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Abstract. We investigate the impact of climate change on a small Tibetan glacier that is representative of the tens of thousands of mountain glaciers in the region. We apply a three-dimensional, thermo-mechanically coupled full-Stokes model to Gurenhekou Glacier located in the southern Tibetan Plateau. The steep and rugged geometry requires use of such a flow model to simulate the dynamical evolution of the glacier. We parameterize the temperature and mass balance using nearby automatic weather stations and an energy balance model for another glacier in the same mountain range. Summer air temp

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Dudek, Justyna, and Michał Pętlicki. "Unlocking archival maps of the Hornsund fjord area for monitoring glaciers of the Sørkapp Land peninsula, Svalbard." Earth System Science Data 15, no. 9 (2023): 3869–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3869-2023.

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Abstract. Archival maps are an important source of information on the state of glaciers in polar zones and are very often basic research data for analysing changes in glacier mass, extent, and geometry. However, basing a quantitative analysis on archival maps requires that they be standardised and precisely matched against modern-day cartographic materials. This can be achieved effectively using techniques and tools from the field of geographic information systems (i.e. GIS). The objective of this research was to accurately register archival topographic maps of the area surrounding the Hornsun

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Haga, Odin Næss, Robert McNabb, Christopher Nuth, Bas Altena, Thomas Schellenberger, and Andreas Kääb. "From high friction zone to frontal collapse: dynamics of an ongoing tidewater glacier surge, Negribreen, Svalbard." Journal of Glaciology 66, no. 259 (2020): 742–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.43.

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AbstractNegribreen, a tidewater glacier located in central eastern Svalbard, began actively surging after it experienced an initial collapse in summer 2016. The surge resulted in horizontal surface velocities of more than 25 m d−1, making it one of the fastest-flowing glaciers in the archipelago. The last surge of Negribreen likely occurred in the 1930s, but due to a long quiescent phase, investigations of this glacier have been limited. As Negribreen is part of the Negribreen Glacier System, one of the largest glacier systems in Svalbard, investigating its current surge event provides importa

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Wallinga, Jakob, and Roderik S. W. Van De Wal. "Sensitivity of Rhonegletscher, Switzerland, to climate change: experiments with a one-dimensional flowline model." Journal of Glaciology 44, no. 147 (1998): 383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000002719.

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AbstractA one-dimensional time-dependent flowline model of Rhonegletscher, Switzerland, has been used to test the glacier’s response to climatic warming. Mass-balance variations over the last 100 years are obtained from observations of the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) and a reconstruction of the ELA based on a statistical correlation between temperature and ELA. For the period prior to AD 1882, for which no reliable climate data exist, we chose equilibrium-line altitudes that enabled us to simulate accurately the glacier length from AD 1602.The model simulates the historical glacier length

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Wallinga, Jakob, and Roderik S. W. Van De Wal. "Sensitivity of Rhonegletscher, Switzerland, to climate change: experiments with a one-dimensional flowline model." Journal of Glaciology 44, no. 147 (1998): 383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000002719.

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AbstractA one-dimensional time-dependent flowline model of Rhonegletscher, Switzerland, has been used to test the glacier’s response to climatic warming. Mass-balance variations over the last 100 years are obtained from observations of the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) and a reconstruction of the ELA based on a statistical correlation between temperature and ELA. For the period prior to AD 1882, for which no reliable climate data exist, we chose equilibrium-line altitudes that enabled us to simulate accurately the glacier length from AD 1602.The model simulates the historical glacier length

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Karušs, Jānis, Kristaps Lamsters, Jurijs Ješkins, Ireneusz Sobota, and Pēteris Džeriņš. "UAV and GPR Data Integration in Glacier Geometry Reconstruction: A Case Study from Irenebreen, Svalbard." Remote Sensing 14, no. 3 (2022): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14030456.

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Although measurements of thickness and internal structure of glaciers are substantial for the understanding of their evolution and response to climate change, detailed data about polythermal glaciers, are scarce. Here, we present the first ground-penetrating radar (GPR) measurement data of Irenebreen, and high-resolution DEM and orthomosaic, obtained from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry. A combination of GPR and UAV data allowed for the reconstruction of the glacier geometry including thermal structure. We compare different methods of GPR signal propagation speed determination and

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Raper, S. C. B., and R. J. Braithwaite. "Glacier volume response time and its links to climate and topography based on a conceptual model of glacier hypsometry." Cryosphere Discussions 3, no. 1 (2009): 243–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-3-243-2009.

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Abstract. Glacier volume response time is a measure of the time taken for a glacier to adjust its geometry to a climate change. It is currently believed that the volume response time is given approximately by the ratio of glacier thickness to ablation at the glacier terminus. We propose a new conceptual model of glacier hypsometry (area-altitude relation) and derive the volume response time where climatic and topographic parameters are separated. The former is expressed by mass balance gradients which we derive from glacier-climate modelling and the latter are quantified with data from the Wor

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Treichler, Désirée, Andreas Kääb, Nadine Salzmann, and Chong-Yu Xu. "Recent glacier and lake changes in High Mountain Asia and their relation to precipitation changes." Cryosphere 13, no. 11 (2019): 2977–3005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2977-2019.

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Abstract. We present an updated, spatially resolved estimate of 2003–2008 glacier surface elevation changes for the entire region of High Mountain Asia (HMA) from ICESat laser altimetry data. The results reveal a diverse pattern that is caused by spatially greatly varying glacier sensitivity, in particular to precipitation availability and changes. We introduce a spatially resolved zonation where ICESat samples are grouped into units of similar glacier behaviour, glacier type and topographic settings. In several regions, our new zonation reveals local differences and anomalies that have not be

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Oerlemans, J. "A note on the water budget of temperate glaciers." Cryosphere Discussions 7, no. 3 (2013): 2679–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-7-2679-2013.

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Abstract. In this note the total dissipative melting in temperate glaciers is studied. The analysis is based on the notion that the dissipation is determined by the loss of potential energy, due to the downward motion of mass (ice, snow, meltwater and rain). A mathematical formulation of the dissipation is developed and applied to a simple glacier geometry. In a next step, meltwater production resulting from enhanced ice motion during a glacier surge is calculated. The amount of melt energy available follows directly from the lowering of the centre of gravity of the glacier. To illustrate the

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Oerlemans, J. "A note on the water budget of temperate glaciers." Cryosphere 7, no. 5 (2013): 1557–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1557-2013.

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Abstract. In this note, the total dissipative melting in temperate glaciers is studied. The analysis is based on the notion that the dissipation is determined by the loss of potential energy due to the downward motion of mass (ice, snow, meltwater and rain). A mathematical formulation of the dissipation is developed and applied to a simple glacier geometry. In the next step, meltwater production resulting from enhanced ice motion during a glacier surge is calculated. The amount of melt energy available follows directly from the lowering of the centre of gravity of the glacier. To illustrate th

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Lea, James M., Douglas W. F. Mair, and Brice R. Rea. "Evaluation of existing and new methods of tracking glacier terminus change." Journal of Glaciology 60, no. 220 (2014): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2014jog13j061.

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AbstractSeveral different methodologies have previously been employed in the tracking of glacier terminus change, though a systematic comparison of these has not been undertaken. The frequent application of single methods to multiple glaciers over large geographical areas such as Greenland, raises the question of whether individual methodologies are robust. In this study we evaluate three existing methodologies that have been widely used to track terminus change (the centre-line, bow and box methods) against a full range of idealized glaciological scenarios and six examples of real glaciers. W

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Raper, S. C. B., and R. J. Braithwaite. "Glacier volume response time and its links to climate and topography based on a conceptual model of glacier hypsometry." Cryosphere 3, no. 2 (2009): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-3-183-2009.

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Abstract. Glacier volume response time is a measure of the time taken for a glacier to adjust its geometry to a climate change. It has been previously proposed that the volume response time is given approximately by the ratio of glacier thickness to ablation at the glacier terminus. We propose a new conceptual model of glacier hypsometry (area-altitude relation) and derive the volume response time where climatic and topographic parameters are separated. The former is expressed by mass balance gradients which we derive from glacier-climate modelling and the latter are quantified with data from

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