Rozprawy doktorskie: „GIS and Remote Sensing”

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Dambe, Natalia. "Riverine flooding using GIS and remote sensing". Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31738.

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Floods are caused by extreme meteorological and hydrological changes that are influenced directly or indirectly by human activities within the environment. The flood trends show that floods will reoccur and shall continue to affect the livelihoods, property, agriculture and the surrounding environment. This research has analyzed the riverine flood by integrating remote sensing, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), and hydraulic and/or hydrological modeling, to develop informed flood mapping for flood risk management. The application of Hydrological Engineering Center River Analysis System (HEC RAS) and HEC HMS models, developed by the USA Hydrologic Engineering Center of the Army Corps of Engineers in a data-poor environment of a developing country were successful, as a flood modeling tools in early warning systems and land use planning. The methodology involved data collection, preparation, and model simulation using 30m Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) as a critical data input of HEC RAS model. The findings showed that modeling using HEC-RAS and HEC HMS models in a data-poor environment requires intensive data enhancements and adjustments; multiple utilization of open sources data; carrying out multiple model computation iterations and calibration; multiple field observation, which may be constrained with time and resources to get reasonable output.

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Gustavsson, Andreas, i Selberg Martin. "Delineation of Ditches in Wetlandsby Remote Sensing". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-354612.

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Wetlands have been heavily affected by human-alteration, this is done to drain thewetland so that the ground can be used for other purposes such as forestry oragriculture. With high accuracy data available now, it is possible to use differentmethods automatically to identify these ditches in wetlands or other areas. Fourdifferent methods were applied to two areas to delineate ditches. To compare the different methods, the results were quantified by comparing with amanually created map of the ditches. Drainage density and an agreement index wereused. The results indicate that the methods of impoundment index and map gullydepth are best able to distinguish the ditches in wetlands. The former gave a betterresult on areas inside wetlands while the latter gave a better result with non-wetlandareas. The other two methods make mistakes and misjudgements that givemisleading results, they ignore ditches partially or completely, or finds ditches inareas without them. Even so, all methods are at least a clear improvement over thecurrently available property map's water flows, but not in the same class as the timeconsumingmanual method.
Våtmarker har påverkats mycket av människan genom dikning, detta görs för attdränera våtmarken så att marken kan användas för andra syften som skogsbruk ellerjordbruk. Med höjddata i hög noggrannhet som nu finns tillgänglig är det möjligt attanvända olika metoder för att urskilja dessa diken i våtmarker. Fyra olika metodermed applicerades på två olika områden för att undersöka möjligheten att urskiljadiken. För att jämföra de olika metoderna kvantifieras resultaten genom att jämföras meden manuellt skapad karta över diken. Dränerings densitet och ettöverensstämmelseindex användes. Resultaten pekar på att metoderna fördämningsindex (impoundment index) och ravindjupskartering (map gully depth) klarar bäst avatt urskilja diken i våtmarker. Där den föregående ger ett gav ett bättre resultat inomvårmarker och den senare gav ett bättre resultat generellt över området. De tvåandra metoderna gör missar och felbedömningar som ger missvisande resultat.Oavsett det, så är karteringen av dikena i nuläget en klar förbättring överFastighetskartans vattenflöden, men inte i samma klass som den tidskrävandemanuella metoden.

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Al, Sghair Fathi Goma. "Remote sensing and GIS for wetland vegetation study". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4581/.

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Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) approaches, combined with ground truthing, are providing new tools for advanced ecosystem management, by providing the ability to monitor change over time at local, regional, and global scales. In this study, remote sensing (Landsat TM and aerial photographs) and GIS, combined with ground truthing work, were used to assess wetland vegetation change over time at two contrasting wetland sites in the UK: freshwater wetland at Wicken Fen between 1984 and 2009, and saltmarsh between 1988 and 2009 in Caerlaverock Reserve. Ground truthing studies were carried out in Wicken Fen (UK National Grid Reference TL 5570) during 14th - 18th June 2010: forty 1 m2 quadrats were taken in total, placed randomly along six transects in different vegetation types. The survey in the second Study Area Caerlaverock Reserve (UK National Grid Reference NY0464) was conducted on 5th - 9th July 2011, with a total of forty-eight 1 m2 quadrats placed randomly along seven transects in different vegetation types within the study area. Two-way indicator species (TWINSPAN) was used for classification the ground truth samples, taking separation on eigenvalues with high value (>0.500), to define end-groups of samples. The samples were classified into four sample-groups based on data from 40 quadrats in Wicken Fen, while the data were from 48 quadrats divided into five sample-groups in Caerlaverock Reserve. The primary analysis was conducted by interpreting vegetation cover from aerial photographs, using GIS combined with ground truth data. Unsupervised and supervised classifications with the same technique for aerial photography interpretation were used to interpret the vegetation cover in the Landsat TM images. In Wicken Fen, Landsat TM images were used from 18th August 1984 and 23rd August 2009; for Caerlaverock Reserve Landsat TM imagery used was taken from 14th May 1988 and 11th July 2009. Aerial photograph imagery for Wicken Fen was from 1985 and 2009; and for Caerlaverock Reserve, from 1988 and 2009. Both the results from analysis of aerial photographs and Landsat TM imagery showed a substantial temporal change in vegetation during the period of study at Wicken Fen, most likely primarily produced by the management programme, rather than being due to natural change. In Cearlaverock Reserve, results from aerial photography interpretation indicated a slight change in the cover of shrubs during the period 1988 to 2009, but little other change over the study period. The results show that the classification accuracy using aerial photography was higher than that of Landsat TM data. The difference of classification accuracy between aerial photography and Landsat TM, especially in Caerlaverock Reserve, was due to the low resolution of Landsat TM images, and the fact that some vegetation classes occupied an area less than that of the pixel size of the TM image. Based on the mapping exercise, the aerial photographs produced better vegetation classes (when compared with ground truthing data) than Landsat TM images, because aerial photos have a higher spatial resolution than the Landsat TM images. Perhaps the most important conclusion of this study is that it provides evidence that the RS/GIS approach can provide useful baseline data about wetland vegetation change over time, and across quite expansive areas, which can therefore provide valuable information to aid the management and conservation of wetland habitats.

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Tyoda, Zipho. "Landslide susceptibility mapping : remote sensing and GIS approach". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79856.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
Landslide susceptibility maps are important for development planning and disaster management. The current synthesis of landslide susceptibility maps largely applies GIS and remote sensing techniques. One of the most critical stages on landslide susceptibility mapping is the selection of landslide causative factors and weighting of the selected causative factors, in accordance to their influence to slope instability. GIS is ideal when deriving static factors i.e. slope and aspect and most importantly in the synthesis of landslide susceptibility maps. The integration of landslide causative thematic maps requires the selection of the weighting method; in order to weight the causative thematic maps in accordance to their influence to slope instability. Landslide susceptibility mapping is based on the assumption that future landslides will occur under similar circumstances as historic landslides. The weight of evidence method is ideal for landslide susceptibility mapping, as it calculates the weights of the causative thematic maps using known landslides points. This method was applied in an area within the Western Cape province of South Africa, the area is known to be highly susceptible to landslide occurrences. A prediction rate of 80.37% was achieved. The map combination approach was also applied and achieved a prediction rate of 50.98%. Satellite remote sensing techniques can be used to derive the thematic information needed to synthesize landslide susceptibility maps and to monitor the variable parameters influencing landslide susceptibility. Satellite remote sensing techniques can contribute to landslide investigation at three distinct phases namely: (1) detection and classification of landslides (2) monitoring landslide movement and identification of conditions leading up to an event (3) analysis and prediction of slope failures. Various sources of remote sensing data can contribute to these phases. Although the detection and classification of landslides through the remote sensing techniques is important to define landslide controlling parameters, the ideal is to use remote sensing data for monitoring of areas susceptible to landslide occurrence in an effort to provide an early warning. In this regard, optical remote sensing data was used successfully to monitor the variable conditions (vegetation health and productivity) that make an area susceptible to landslide occurrence.

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Ahmadzadeh, M. R. "Reasoning with uncertainty in remote sensing". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/804/.

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Almond, Simon John. "Remote sensing within GIS for woodland inventory and monitoring". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386832.

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Firoozi, Nejad Behnam. "Population mapping using census data, GIS and remote sensing". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.705917.

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This thesis assesses approaches to population surface modeling by pulling together the benefits of reference gridded population data with local regression procedures and geographically weighted regression. This study provides a more detailed assessment of surface modelling accuracy than was achieved in any previous studies to assess factors which explain errors in the predictions. The primary aim of this thesis is to evaluate Martin’s (1989) population surface modeling approach and also design and implement a method using secondary data, suitable for application in England and Wales. This research is based on the idea that population data presented for a single zone could be redistributed in the zone using local parameters such as housing density. A weighted sum performs the spatial redistribution. The thesis also aims to make use of remote sensing (RS) data and image processing techniques such as maximum likelihood classification and normalised difference vegetation index to identify (un) populated cells. The potential of Landsat images and RS data analysis is assessed particularly for countries where high quality land use data are not readily obtainable, and their generation is not feasible in the near future. This thesis focuses on the identification of unpopulated cells, rather than populated units, using RS data. Case studies make use of data from Northern Ireland (NI), and Jonkoping in southern Sweden. The outcomes indicate the impact of population density, population variance, and resolution of source zones on the accuracy of population allocation to grid cells using Martin’s (1989) model. The results show significant accuracy in prediction to 100m cells using an alternative approach based on settlement data for NI and this is recommended as an alternative method for England and Wales. It also concluded that there the potential to generate population surfaces using Landsat data for areas where local residential data are not easily accessible.

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Mason, Philippa Jane. "Landslide hazard assessment using remote sensing and GIS techniques". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8899.

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Blackburn, George Alan. "Remote sensing of deciduous woodlands : a tool for ecological investigations". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239872.

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Berberoglu, Suha. "Optimising the remote sensing of Mediterranean land cover". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285646.

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McNulty, Wendy Lynn. "THE CREATION OF A GIS DATABASE AND THE DETERMINATION OF SLUDGE'S SPECTRAL SIGNATURE IN AN AGRICULTURAL SETTING". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1120596906.

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Sahar, Liora. "Using remote-sensing and gis technology for automated building extraction". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37231.

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Extraction of buildings from remote sensing sources is an important GIS application and has been the subject of extensive research over the last three decades. An accurate building inventory is required for applications such as GIS database maintenance and revision; impervious surfaces mapping; storm water management; hazard mitigation and risk assessment. Despite all the progress within the fields of photogrammetry and image processing, the problem of automated feature extraction is still unresolved. A methodology for automatic building extraction that integrates remote sensing sources and GIS data was proposed. The methodology consists of a series of image processing and spatial analysis techniques. It incorporates initial simplification procedure and multiple feature analysis components. The extraction process was implemented and tested on three distinct types of buildings including commercial, residential and high-rise. Aerial imagery and GIS data from Shelby County, Tennessee were identified for the testing and validation of the results. The contribution of each component to the overall methodology was quantitatively evaluated as relates to each type of building. The automatic process was compared to manual building extraction and provided means to alleviate the manual procedure effort. A separate module was implemented to identify the 2D shape of a building. Indices for two specific shapes were developed based on the moment theory. The indices were tested and evaluated on multiple feature segments and proved to be successful. The research identifies the successful building extraction scenarios as well as the challenges, difficulties and drawbacks of the process. Recommendations are provided based on the testing and evaluation for future extraction projects.

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Ratnayake, Ranitha. "Remote sensing and GIS application for monitoring forest management operations". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11309/.

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Satellite data potentially provide a useful tool for estimating forest cover and monitoring changes. Traditional forest surveying methods involve time consuming measurements of a large number of trees. Remotely sensed data may enable forest cover changes to be estimated very rapidly over large areas and with a minimum of ground data collection. At present the role of forest management in Britain is expanding, so that looking at forest cover changes is extremely useful for management purposes. The main task of this study was to detect plantation forest cover change information especially on thinned and clear cut areas. These changes were estimated using Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from SPOT HRV data, compared with Forestry Commission (FC) records and field investigations. To detect whether areas have been thinned and felled during the period of concern (1994-1997), three fundamental aspects were considered. First the pattern of forest cover was identified by using FC records and field investigations. This pattern was linked to SPOT data using NDVI. At this stage relationships between forest cover and structural variables (age, top tree height, mean diameter and basal area) were also examined. Second, changes over time were analysed by using NDVI measurements (1994-1997) and change detection methods, particularly to identify the pattern of felling. Third, pixel based forest cover changes in selected compartments were related and compared to FC thinning records and information collected by forest managers. A number of points about the ability of remote sensing techniques to provide an estimate of forest cover for management operations emerged from this study. First, it was found that NDVI changed spatially with different forest cover; spatial patterns were mainly identified in areas where major management operations (thinning and felling) were carried out. Second, temporal patterns of forest cover change, mainly due to felling operations were identified. Finally with a detailed analysis of thinned compartments, this study recognised changing patterns of forest cover, which were related to management operations. These findings should be very useful for operational planning in plantation forests. In particular, knowledge of spatial and temporal changes of forest cover may be useful in management operations where the availability of ancillary information is unreliable. These results appear to be sufficient for the initial stages of operational planning. However further investigations need to be undertaken to better understand a number of factors related to changes of forest cover.

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Murnion, Shane D. "Neural and genetic algorithm applications in GIS and remote sensing". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337024.

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Saini, Aditya. "Mapping snow cover in Siberia using GIS and remote sensing". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/94.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2003.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Huang, Junyi. "Investigation on landslide susceptibility using remote sensing and GIS methods". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2014. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/33.

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Landslides are one of the most destructive disasters that cause damage to both property and life every year. Various methodologies have been reported for landslide susceptibility mapping. Statistical methods are widely used to fit the mathematical relationship between observed landslides and the factors considered to influence the slope failure, and have shown remarkable accuracy. Among these models, frequency ratio and logistic regression models are the most popular for its simplicity and high accuracy. However, virtually all previous studies randomly extracted and reserved a portion of historical landslide records to perform the model evaluation. The purpose of this study are: 1) To produce a landslide susceptibility map for Lantau Island by GIS and remote sensing methods as well as statistical modeling techniques 2) To add extra value to the literature of evaluating their “prediction rate” (rather than “success rate”) for landslide susceptibility mapping in a temporal context. The mountainous terrain, heavy and prolonged rainfall, as well as dense development near steep hillsides make Hong Kong as one of the most vulnerable metropolitans to the risk of landslides. As there is an increasingly high demand for land resource to support the growth of economic and population, regional specific landslide susceptibility assessment in Hong Kong is necessary for hazard management and effective land use planning. Firstly, the spatial relationship among landslide occurrence and nine causative factors (elevation, slope aspect, slope gradient, plan curvature, profile curvature, NDVI, distance to river, SPI and lithology) were explored. The distribution of landslides on Lantau Island is largely governed by a combination of geo-environmental conditions, such as elevation of 200m-300m, slope gradient of 25°-35°, slope aspect of west or northwest, high degree of positive or negative plan curvature and profile curvature, sparse vegetation in terms of NDVI in 0.3-0.5 (shrub/grassland), proximity (0.6-1.2km) to fault line, presence of volcanic bedrocks (especially rhyolite lava and tuff) and high stream power index. Second, landslide susceptibility maps were generated by frequency ratio and logistic regression model, respectively. Validations of the mapping results were performed by calculating relative operating characteristics (ROC). The models, trained by 1,864 (70%) landslides records in the Enhanced Natural Terrain Landslide Inventory (ENTLI) from 2000 to 2008, were validated by subsequent 799 (30%) landslide occurred from 2008 to 2009. The validation result shows that logistic regression model (88.70%) possesses a better prediction power than frequency ratio model (78.00%) for the study area. The findings suggested that logistic regression analysis is more reliable for landslide susceptibility mapping. The resultant maps are expected to provide a scientific assessment of the risk areas with respect to landslides on Lantau Island, and to serve as a basis for decisions or justification of the Lantau development planning. Keywords: landslide susceptibility; frequency ratio; logistic regression; temporal verification; GIS; Hong Kong

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Jennings, Laura. "A Storm Water Runoff Investigation Using Gis and Remote Sensing". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc149613/.

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Environmental controls are becoming more and more expensive to implement, so environmental management is becoming more technologically advanced and efficient through the adoption of new techniques and models. This paper reviews the potential for storm water runoff for the city of Denton, Texas and with the main objective to perform storm water runoff analyses for three different land use datasets; each landuse dataset created with a different methodology. Also analyzed was the difference between two North Central Texas Council of Governments land use datasets and my own land use dataset as a part of evaluating new and emerging remote sensing techniques. The results showed that new remote sensing techniques can help to continually monitor changes within watersheds by providing more accurate data.

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Faraklioti, M. "Classification of sets of mixed pixels in remote sensing". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844613/.

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Recently, remotely sensed multispectral data have been proved to be very useful for many applications in the field of Earth surveys. For certain applications, however, limits in the spatial resolution of satellite sensors and variation in ground surface restrict the usefulness of the available data, since the observed spectral signature of the pixels is the result of a number of surface materials found in the area of the pixel. Two mixed pixel classification techniques which have shown high correlation with vegetation coverage of single pixels are described in this thesis: the vegetation indices and the linear mixing model. The two approaches are adjusted in order to deal with sets of pixels and not individual pixels. The sets of pixels are treated as statistical distributions and moments can be estimated. The vegetation indices and the linear mixing model can then be expressed in terms of these statistics. The illumination direction is an important factor that should be taken into account in mixed pixel classification, since it modifies the statistics of the distributions of pixels, and has received no attention until now. The effect of illumination on the relation between the vegetation indices and the proportion of sets of mixed pixels is examined. It is demonstrated that some vegetation indices, which are defined from the ratio of statistics in two spectral bands, can be considered relatively invariant to illumination changes. Finally, a new illumination invariant mixing model is proposed which is expressed in terms of some photometric invariant statistics. It is shown to perform very well and it can be used to un-mix accurately sets of pixels under many illumination angles. The newly introduced mixing model can be considered a suitable choice in the mixed pixel classification field. Key words: Mixed pixels, sets of pixels, vegetation index, illumination invariants.

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Villeneuve, Julie. "Delineating wetlands using geographic information system and remote sensing technologies". Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3135.

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During the last century wetlands have considerably decreased. The principal cause is urbanization, especially in large urban regions such as the Houston area. In order to protect the remaining wetlands, they have to be monitored carefully. However monitoring wetland is a difficult and time-demanding task because it has to be done repetitively on large areas to be effective. This study was conducted to determine if Geographical Information System (GIS) and remote sensing technologies would allow accurate monitoring of wetland as a less time-consuming method. With this idea, a suitability model was developed to delineate wetlands in the Houston area. This model combined GIS and remote sensing technologies. The data used for this study were as high spatial resolution as possible and were generally easy to obtain. This suitability model consisted of four submodels: hydrology, soil, vegetation and multi- attribute. Each submodel generated a Wetland Suitability Index (WSI). Those WSI were summed to obtain a general WSI. The suitability model was calibrated using half of the study area. During calibration, the general model was evaluated as well as each individual index. Generally, the model showed a lack of sensitivity to changes. However, the model was slightly modified to improve the delineation of upland wet- lands by increasing the weight of the soil submodel. This model was validated using the second half of the study area. The validation results improved a bit compared to the calibration results; however they remained weak. It was demonstrated that the model does not favor riverine wetlands over upland wetlands, nor large size wetlands. The model ground truth data were evaluated and were suffciently proven to be up to date. Those results indicated that the weakness of the model must come from inac- curacy in the input data. Therefore, the study showed that while existing computing capacity supports remote delineation, spatial accuracy is still insuffcient to perform correct wetland delineation using remote sensing and GIS technologies.

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Solomon, Semere. "Remote Sensing and GIS : Applications for Groundwater Potential Assessment in Eritrea". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Civil and Architectural Engineering, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3491.

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An integrated approach with remote sensing, GeographicInformation Systems (GIS) and more traditional fieldworktechniques was adopted to assess the groundwater potential inthe central highlands of Eritrea. Digitally enhanced colorcomposites and panchromatic images of Landsat TM and Spot wereinterpreted to produce thematic maps such as lithology andlineaments. The potential of the Advanced Spaceborne ThermalEmission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data forlithological and lineament mapping was evaluated. Topographicparameters such as surface curvature, slope and drainagesystems were derived from digital elevation models and used tomap landforms. Digital elevation models (DEM) derived fromcontours and acquired in the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission(SRTM) were compared in relation to location, drainage networksand lineament extraction. Fracture patterns and spacing weremeasured in the field in different rock types and compared withlineaments. Selected springs and wells were visited to studytheir topographic and hydrogeological setting. Well logs,pumping tests, water table depth in dry and wet season as wellas location of wells were collected. All thematic layersincluding hydrogeological data were integrated and analysed ina geographic information system. A groundwater potential mapwas generated and compared with yield data. Groundwaterrecharge was estimated based on water level fluctuations inlarge dug wells and chloride mass-balance method.

Principal component analysis for rock type mapping providedbetter results with ASTER than with Landsat TM data. DEM datapermitted to create detailed landform maps useful torgroundwater potential assessment. DEM derived from SRTM dataare better for detection of drainage systems and linearfeatures than those derived from contours. Most of the fracturesystems corresponding to lineaments are either extensionalrelated to normal faults and dykes, or shear fractures relatedto strike-slip faults. N-S, NW-SE, WNW-ESE, NE-SW and ENE-WSWare dominant fracture orientations with often very densespacing. High yielding wells and springs are often related tolarge lineaments and corresponding structural features such asdykes. Typically wells and springs in basaltic areas havehigher yields mainly due to primary joints. Young alluvialsediments with high permeability and deeply weathered rocklayers are important for water supply especially in hydraulicconnection with fracture systems in crystalline bedrock.Groundwater potential zones demarcated through the model are inagreement with bore well yield data. The spatial distributionof groundwater potential zones shows regional patterns relatedto lithologies, lineaments, drainage systems and landforms.Recharge rates of 10 - 50 mm were estimated in this region. Theresults demonstrate that the integration of remote sensing,GIS, traditional fieldwork and models provide a powerful toolin the assessment and management of water resources anddevelopment of groundwater exploration plans.

Key words:Remote sensing, Geographic InformationSystems, groundwater, geomorphology, Digital elevation model,lithology, hard rock, lineament, structures, hydrogeology,Eritrea

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Zhang, Bo. "Data Mining, Gis And Remote Sensing: Application In Wetland Hydrological Investigation". The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1220021657.

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Yang, Ming-Der. "Adaptive short-term water quality forecasts using remote sensing and GIS /". The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148794273980509.

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Emery, Guy Stephen. "Determining a classifier optimisation process which uses temporal sequences of remotely sensed images". Thesis, Staffordshire University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389100.

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Buyuksalih, Gurcan. "Geometric and radiometric calibration of video infrared imagers for photogrammetric applications". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284703.

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Higgins, Neil Anthony. "Information content of ATSR-2 dual-view angle spectral data". Thesis, University of Salford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244821.

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Archer, David John. "Monitoring geological processes on the Chott el Djerid playa using the ERS-1 SAR". Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296630.

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Harris, Andrew John Lang. "Thermal monitoring of volcanoes from space at low spatial resolution". Thesis, Open University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309863.

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Krzys, Bethaney L. "Remote identification of wetlands in Mahoning and Trumbull County, Ohio". [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1227650462.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Kent State University, 2008.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Dec. 22, 2009). Advisor: Mandy Munro-Stasiuk. Keywords: remote sensing, wetland, wetland identification, GIS. Includes bibliographical references (p. 158-161).

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Harwood, Joseph Walter IV. "Delineation and GIS Mapping of Urban Heat Islands Using Landsat TM Imagery". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1208562366.

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Kelgenbaeva, Kamilya. "Agronomic Suitability Studies in the Russian Altai Using Remote Sensing and GIS". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1212669959876-32328.

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The doctoral thesis describes methodologies and appropriate adaptations of existing solutions to model land suitability in two ways for the valley and basin areas of the South-Siberian Altai Mountains within a geo-information system (GIS) environment. Starting-point approaches are: 1) the Agricultural Soil Suitability Model „Almagra” and Land Capability Model “Cervatana”/MicroLEIS System (De la Rosa et. al 1992, 1998) developed for Mediterranean regions and a method specifically compiled by Burlakova L. M. (1988) for the Altai based on the weighted means of a factor set. 2) For comparison purposes, second, third and fourth versions of the same model are developed using three different types of Fuzzy Logic approaches. They are used to present how Gauss membership functions of particular classes can be computed as different classes and how variables taking values in ranges can be handled in a mathematical way. Furthermore, the paper presents ideas on how remote sensing might interact with the geo-information system (GIS) where - like in the present case – the required input geo-data are not fully sufficient to (i) feed the models formalising soil and climatic conditions, and (ii) to characterise the patterns of land management within the study area. Three agricultural crops (summer wheat, sunflowers and potatoes) are relevant to the Altai Region at a regional level and are, therefore considered. A rating is classified using five suitability classes according to the FAO classification (1976). For the case study the Uimon Basin was chosen. Social and economic factors are so far excluded but can be added within a further phase of development
Diese Doktorarbeit beschreibt Methoden und geeignete Anpassungen bereits existierender Lösungen, um auf zwei verschiedenen Wegen die Landeignung für die Tal- und Beckenregionen der Südsibirischen Altaigebirges innerhalb eines Geoinformationssystems zu modellieren (GIS). Die Ausgangsmethoden sind: 1) die Bodeneignungsmodelle „Almagra" and „Cervatana“ (MicroLEIS System), entwickelt für die Mittelmeerregionen (De la Rosa et al. 1992 and 1998) und die „Gewichtsmethode“, welche Burlakova L. M. (1988) speziell für die Altairegion entwickelte. Letztgenannte Methode basiert auf den gewichteten Mitteln für eine gegebene Anzahl von Faktoren. 2) Zum Vergleich, die zweite, dritte und vierte Version des gleichen Modells mit drei unterschiedlichen Typen wurden mit Fuzzy-Logik-Methoden entwickelt. Sie werden benutzt, um darzustellen, wie unscharfe Mengen zum einen die Berechnung von Gauß-Mitgliedschaftsfunktionen bestimmter Klassen veranschaulichen können, welche zu anderen Klassen gehören, und wie die Variablen in einer mathematischen Handhabung angefasst werden können. Außerdem stellt diese Arbeit Ideen vor, wie die Fernerkundung das Geoinformationssystem (GIS) eingesetzt werden kann, wenn - wie im vorliegenden Fall - nur unzureichend Geodaten vorhanden sind, (i) um in die Modellierung der Boden- und Klimabedingungen einzugehen und (ii) um die Charakteristik des Landmanagements im Untersuchungsgebiet zu kennzeichnen. Drei landwirtschaftliche Agrarkulturen (Sommerweizen, Sonnenblumen und Kartoffeln) sind für die Altairegion auf regionaler Ebene von Bedeutung und wurden daher in die vorliegende Untersuchung einbezogen. Die Bewertung erfolgte nach fünf Eignungskategorien, entsprechend der FAO Klassifikation (1976). Das Uimon-Becken wurde als Untersuchungsgebiet ausgewählt. Soziale und ökonomische Faktoren wurden bisher ausgeschlossen, können aber innerhalb einer weiteren Entwicklungsphase hinzugenommen werden

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Belden, Deborah Jeanne. "Geomorphological mapping of the K2 area, Pakistan using GIS and remote sensing". Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-06112008-121208/.

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Paul, Frank. "The new Swiss Glacier Inventory 2000 : application of remote sensing and GIS /". Zürich : Geographisches Institut der Universität Zürich, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016135827&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Zhang, Xiaoyang. "Soil-erosion modelling at the global scale using remote sensing and GIS". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321948.

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Koon, Michael. "A spatial and temporal analysis of conifers using remote sensing and GIS". Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2004. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=401.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Marshall University, 2004.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 40 p. including illustrations. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-40).

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Ivits-Wasser, Eva. "Potential of remote sensing and GIS as landscape structure and biodiversity indicators". [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11259425.

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Rocha, Stella Procopio da. "Análise espaço temporal do uso e cobertura da terra no entorno da BR-101 - trecho Angra dos Reis e Parati/RJ". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2005. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=313.

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A valorização e preservação do meio-ambiente tem sido bastante discutida, e cada vez mais tem sido parte integrante de projetos de diferentes grupos de interesse que buscam um desenvolvimento sustentável. Dentro deste contexto da busca pelo desenvolvimento sustentável e de políticas ambientais eficazes, surge outro termo que irá englobar uma série de ações preventivas e de gerenciamento do meio ambiente: o planejamento ambiental. Levantamentos ambientais, inerentes ao planejamento ambiental são realizados de diferentes maneiras, e neste contexto, inclui-se a utilização de novas tecnologias como o uso de produtos do Sensoriamento Remoto e Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG), que têm auxiliado na otimização do processamento e da precisão de resultados devido à ampliação na velocidade de obtenção de dados e na capacidade de armazenamento de informações, bem como o uso de imagens de sensores orbitais que tem apresentado diversas utilidades no âmbito dos estudos da Terra, nos mais variados tipos de avaliação ambiental. A partir de tais considerações foi possível elaborar uma linha de atuação a partir da análise espaço-temporal com a utilização do sensoriamento remoto aplicado em uma porção do território que vem passando por transformações significativas nas últimas décadas. Dessa maneira, pensou-se em realizar a análise de uma área que apresenta uma grande potencialidade para a atividade turística e um crescimento industrial importante e que tem alterado sua paisagem nas duas últimas décadas. O trecho em questão é o que liga os municípios de Angra dos Reis e Parati, no litoral Sul do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Nos dois casos têm-se como importante fonte de renda, o turismo ecológico, que têm atraído empreendimentos imobiliários de grande porte para a região, além do turismo cultural. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o grau de transformação do uso e cobertura da terra no entorno da Rodovia Rio-Santos neste trecho, nos últimos vinte anos, dando ênfase a três datas: 1984, 1994 e 2002. Parte-se da hipótese que tais transformações têm-se intensificado, estimulando maiores investimentos voltados ao turismo, pressionando os remanescentes de Mata Atlântica.. Através da análise espaço-temporal do uso e cobertura da terra no período e sua estruturação em um banco de dados, obteremos um retrato atual da região que pode servir como ponto de partida para o planejamento de uso e ocupação da terra, avaliando a forma atual da ocupação, evitando assim que seus recursos naturais sejam usufruídos de forma errônea podendo promover a degradação ou mesmo a extinção dos mesmos.
The environmental valuation and preservation has been sufficiently discussed, and it has been part of projects of different groups of interest that search for a sustainable development. Inside of this context of searching for a sustainable development and for efficient environmental politics, another term appears that involves a series of actions and management of the environment: the environmental planning. Environmental surveys are realized in different ways, and in this context it is common the use of new technologies such as Remote Sensing products and Geographic Information Systems (SIG). These technologies, which allow digital image processing and produce results with better precision as well as the use of images from orbital sensors, have presented diverse utilities in the scope of land use studies, in varied types of environmental evaluations. From such consideration it was possible to elaborate a research that begun with a time-space analysis using remote sensing products in a portion of the territory that is passing through significant transformations in the last decades. In this way, one thought about carrying through the analysis of an area that presents a great potentiality for tourism activity and also important industrial growth and that it has modified its landscape in the two last decades. The issue stretch in question is what it binds to the cove cities Angra dos Reis and Parati, in the South coast of the state of Rio de Janeiro. In these two cases they are had as important source of income, the ecological tourism, that have attracted real estate enterprises of great transport for the region, beyond the cultural tourism. The objective of the present work was to analyze the dynamic of the landscape produced by human transformations in tree different buffers from the Rio-Santos highway in the last twenty years and in three different years: 1984, 1994 and 2002. The hypothesis was that such transformations have been intensified, stimulated by the tourism, threatening the Atlantic forest fragments remnants. Through a time-space analysis of land use it was possible to present the landscape dynamic between two decades as a starting point for an environmental planning of the land use, evaluating the current form of occupation, thus preventing that the local natural resources will be usufructed of error form being able to promote the same degradation or the extinguishing of the same ones.

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Roy, David Paul. "The geometric correction of airborne remotely sensed scanner imagery". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318207.

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Cheesman, Joanne E. "Modelling long-term runoff from upland catchments". Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389290.

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The aim of the research contained in this thesis was to develop a model of long-term upland catchment runoff that can be used for ungauged catchments. This is a problem due to the complex spatial and temporal nature of runoff and the main contributing processes, precipitation (P) and evapotranspiration (Et). It is also a problem due to the lack of suitable data on which to base and test models of these processes, particularly in remote upland areas such as the north-west of England, the study area of this research. Long-term runoff is important since it represents the maximum rate at which water is available for human use and management, for assessment of water resource yield and for prediction of extreme events that are particularly important in respect to climate change. Methods currently in use by water companies in the UK, such as North West Water Limited (NWW), are inadequate since they fail to account for the spatial and temporal nature of runoff. New more reliable methods are therefore required which will equip water managers with flexible and responsive runoff modelling tools based upon routinely available data and that are sensitive to the complex physical nature of the processes involved. A physically based distributed runoff model was developed using GIS technology and spatial data to interpolate and extrapolate available point-based hydrometeorological data. The strategy required the development of models to derive areal representations of P and Et. For the P modelling several interpolation techniques and artificial neural network models were investigated. The results were evaluated against an independent data set. The results showed that a geostatistical interpolation technique, detrended Kriging, which uses pointbased precipitation and spatial elevation data provided the most accurate estimates when compared to other methods. The models of Et involved extrapolation of point-based Et values derived from the Penman-Monteith formula (Monteith, 1965), using spatial land cover data. A point-based temperature function model (Wright and Harding, 1993) that reduces the Penman estimates of Et for upland sites was spatially implemented using spatial temperature and elevation data. No independent data were available for model evaluation but first estimates of errors were gained through comparison of errors of runoff and precipitation estimates. Overall it was found that the most accurate E, model results were derived when the temperature function model was not implemented. Evidence of whether or not a lumped or heterogeneous land cover representation provided the more accurate results was unclear. Error evaluation and sensitivity analysis of the modelled runoff was carried out using measured runoff records and the results were compared to those produced using the North West Water model. It was found that the GIS-based model provided improved estimates of long-term average annual runoff for upland catchments. The largest component of the errors of the GIS-based method were associated with the Et estimates. This was principally a result of poor quality and limited availability of data for the study area. The research highlights many wider issues related to the use of GIS and spatial data for hydrological modelling.

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Chopping, M. J. "Linear semi-empirical kernel-driven bidirectional reflectance distribution function models in monitoring semi-arid grasslands from space". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262949.

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Reunanen, P. (Pasi). "Landscape responses of the Siberian flying squirrel (Pteromys volans) in northern Finland:the effect of scale on habitat patterns and species incidence". Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2001. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514264967.

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Abstract Spatial structure of habitats has been found to affect the species abundance and distribution patterns in heterogeneous environments. In this thesis, I studied landscape responses of the Siberian flying squirrel in a boreal forest context in northern Finland. Studies were conducted at several spatial scales in order to identify landscape characteristics that are associated with the species occurrence at a local scale and its distribution patterns at a regional scale. Data on species presence and absence in forest areas were collected in the field. Habitat patterns in landscapes were analysed from satellite images and landscape metrics concerning landscape structure were quantified in Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Results of this study are in agreement with the general landscape ecological theory and findings in the field. In northern Finland, the distribution of the Siberian flying squirrel primarily follows the spatial extent of spruce-dominated forests but that its actual occurrence is dependent on the scale of observation and the habitat structure. At a home range scale the abundance of deciduous trees in old spruce forest increases the probability that a forest site is occupied by the species, whereas at a local scale the amount of such spruce forests and linkages between habitat patches play an important role. At a regional scale, an increase in open areas and the dominance of pine makes the habitat unsuitable and restricts the presence of the species. Findings of the present research forward practical forest management planning at a large scale and may help set general conservation goals for the Siberian flying squirrel. When managing the species in a complex network of habitat patches in heterogeneous landscapes, spatial dispersion of potential habitat patches as well as connecting habitat and their temporal development should be considered carefully. For this purpose, remote sensed images and GIS are valuable and useful tools. Satellite-image based landscape analysis is presently developing rapidly and hopefully this methodology will soon become a common practice in landscape ecological research and everyday forest management planning.

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Ranatunga, Thushara D. "Development of a GIS and Remote Sensing Based Study Tool for Tree Identification". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1227241623.

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Crosta, Alvaro Penteado. "Mapping of residual soils by remote sensing for mineral exploration in SW Minas Gerais State, Brazil". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47830.

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Shen, Lin. "GIS-based Multi-criteria Analysis for Aquaculture Site Selection". Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-7532.

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The pearl oyster Pinctada martensii or Pinctada fucata is the oyster for produce the South China Sea Pearl, and the production of pearl oyster Pinctada martensii plays a key role for the economic and social welfare of the coastal areas. To guarantee both rich and sustainability of providing pearl oyster productions, addressing the suitable areas for aquaculture is a very important consideration in any aquaculture activities. Relatively rarely, in the case of site selection research, the researchers use GIS analysis to identify suitable sites in fishery industry in China. Therefore, I decided to help the local government to search suitable sites form the view of GIS context. This study was conducted to find the optimal sites for suspended culture of pearl oyster Pinctada martensii using GIS-based multi-criteria analysis. The original idea came from the research of Radiarta and his colleagues in 2008 in Japan. Most of the parameters in the GIS model were extracted from remote sensing data (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and Landsat 7). Eleven thematic layers were arranged into three sub-models, namely: biophysical model, social-economic model and constraint model. The biophysical model includes sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-α concentration, suspended sediment concentration and bathymetry. The criteria in the social-economic model are distance to cities and towns and distance to piers. The constraint model was used to exclude the places from the research area where the natural conditions cannot be fulfilled for the development of pearl oyster aquaculture; it contains river mouth, tourism area, harbor, salt fields / shrimp ponds, and non-related water area. Finally those GIS sub-models were used to address the optimal sites for pearl oyster Pinctada martensii culture by using weighted linear combination evaluation. In the final result, suitability levels were arranged from 1 (least suitable) to 8 (most suitable), and about 2.4% of the total potential area had the higher levels (level 6 and 7). These areas were considered to be the places that have the most suitable conditions for pearl oyster Pinctada martensii for costal water of Yingpan.

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Sumaryono, Sumaryono. "Assessing Building Vulnerability to Tsunami Hazard Using Integrative Remote Sensing and GIS Approaches". Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-123909.

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Haq, Mohammed Rajibul. "Development of a remote sensing and GIS-based landslide susceptibility model for scotland". Thesis, University of Dundee, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510683.

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Yang, Lisa S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Application of high resolution remote sensing and GIS techniques for evaluating urban infrastructure". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120199.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 71-76).
City planners use information about a city's vegetation, urban morphology, and land-use to make decisions. The availability of high-resolution imagery is now expanding the type of information that can be used for planning as well as for understanding urbanization dynamics. This research uses very high resolution orthoimagery with three bands to obtain information about specific urban structures, such as roads and pavement, buildings, and solar panels, as well as non-impervious surface areas of vegetation and water. The maximum likelihood classifier (MLC) was used for the analysis of the images, and geographical information system (GIS) techniques were used to extract features. Two case studies were done for the cities of Phoenix, Arizona for the years 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2012 and for Seattle, Washington for 2002, 2005, and 2009. Results indicate that the area of buildings and the number buildings with solar panels have increased while the area of vegetation has increased for both Phoenix.and Seattle. The area of water has decreased for Seattle while the increase in water for Phoenix could suggest that more people are installing pools. The length of roads increases slightly for Seattle but decreases for Phoenix, a potential result of parking lots being converted into parking garages. The quantitative trends in the infrastructure were then compared to power law relationships between population and urban growing and scaling indicators.
by Lisa Yang.
S.M.

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Suzuoki, Yukihiro. "Human Impacts Study on Cuyahoga Valley National Park using GIS and Remote Sensing". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1216649639.

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Smith, Steven Murray. "Assessing variability in the production of pasture using GIS and remote sensing techniques". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29293.

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Information relating to the spatial characteristics of biophysical resources has been difficult to incorporate into land management. In this study statistical analysis was used to demonstrate that forage yield and quality were influenced by the water balance and soil physical properties. Traditional empirical modelling techniques were of limited utility as predictors of yield and quality. However, multivariate statistical techniques provide predictor variables for individual forage cuts but not for a complete growing season. GIS provided several distinct advantages over traditional statistical techniques. First, it provided techniques to interpolate point data (such as forage yield and quality variables), and provide spatial distributions for a wide number of biophysical properties. Secondly, overlaying forage variables such as yield with a digital elevation model in a categoric manner provided output displaying the spatial relationships between the variables. Relationships derived from overlays using elevation and water retention properties provided good spatial predictions for several forage variables. Thirdly, digitized colour-IR aerial photographs were incorporated into the GIS where the pixel information was combined as map overlays via a regression equation. The resulting output provided very accurate spatial predictions for forage yield and quality parameters. Finally, economic data was generated in a spatial context and the resulting display was used to assess the effects of irrigation and management on forage yield and quality. The results suggest that the GIS techniques combined with remote sensing and economic data offer exciting possibilities to model and present spatial data.
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate

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Martinez-Rodriguez, Juan Guillermo 1958. "Sensitivity analysis across scales and watershed discretization schemes using ARDBSN hydrological model and GIS". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282879.

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The goal of this study is to assess ARDBSN model performance across watershed sizes, and to assess the effect of using different mapset resolutions and basin configurations on runoff volume. Arid basin (ARDBSN) (Lane, 1982) is a distributed parameter, continuous hydrologic simulation model designed to simulate the effects of land-use practices on runoff volume, soil erosion and sediment yield on rangeland watersheds. Four subwatersheds located within the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, were used in this study. Subwatershed areas ranged from 1.4 to 630 hectares. A large-scale GIS database (1:5000) developed for the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, and one of the most common mapset scales (1:24 000) used in GIS analysis, were used to parameterize the ARDBSN model. Four thresholds were used to discretize watershed ST-223 and WS-11. These thresholds correspond to 1.5, 2.5, 5, and 10 percent of the watershed area. Sensitivity analysis showed that Curve Number (CN) parameter was the most important in defining runoff volume and peak runoff rate. Model calibration performance was measured primarily by the coefficient of efficiency (R², Nash and Sutcliff, 1970) for total annual runoff volume and for maximum annual peak runoff rate. Runoff volumes model efficiencies obtained were very good for LH-101, LH-103, and WS-11, and reasonably good for ST-223. In general, this model trends to over predict runoff volume for small rainfall events, and under predict for large rainfall events. The number of overland flow elements delineated within the 1:24,000 and 1:5,000 scales scarcely varies. The number of channels diminishes as the threshold values decreases. Map scale has a strong effect on the length of the channel network. Overall, high resolution maps show a better runoff volume model efficiency. Watershed 11 and watershed 223 had an average model efficiency seven and six percent higher than those obtained by these subwatersheds under the 1:24,000 map scale. Considering this, the author concludes that 1:24,000 map scale can be used with high confidence in hydrologic simulation modeling in areas with similar characteristics to those of the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed. The results showed that watershed configuration complexity significantly alters the model results on large watersheds, and can be attributed to the improved representation of spatially distributed watershed features with increased geometric complexity.

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Akbar, A. Ali Mohd Sadiq. "Application of remote sensing methods for discrimination of surficial sand types in Qatar Peninsula, the Arabian Gulf". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295012.

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