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Piédallu, Blaise. "Approche intégrative de la gestion des conflits homme-nature : le cas de l'ours brun en France". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT164/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe conservation of controversial animal populations requires an understanding of the species’ ecology, but also an analysis of the human attitudes towards its presence. However, those two aspects are rarely studied together through a combination of environmental sciences and sociology. Here we study the brown bear (Ursus arctos) population residing in the Pyrenees mountains, analyzing both population dynamics and distribution, and the attitudes of Pyrenean people towards the species. We also ponder on the methods to use to combine these results in a socio-ecological approach. Our ecological models, which use monitoring data obtained through a crossborder partnership between France, Andorra and Spain, highlight an increase of population size and a reduction of its distribution between 2008 and 2014. If those conclusions do not seem to indicate a quick degradation of their conservation status, Pyrenean brown bears remain threatened by low numbers and high inbreeding in the population. A sociological study was performed in the municipalities where bear was or had been present between 2008 and 2013. We found spatial heterogeneity in the attitudes of Pyrenean people regarding bears, with significant variations depending on where they were born and where they currently live. We follow by discussing an approach that combines sociological and ecological results, with the goal of building a model that can be used as a tool for someone responsible for managing or solving the conflict; to do this, we analyze the methods available, their strengths and limits. We conclude on the importance of interdisciplinary approaches when managing controversies over wildlife conservation
Pelayo, Sylvia. "D'une coopération verticale et intégrative à une planification coopérative des actions : le cas de la gestion des prescriptions thérapeutiques hospitalières". Lille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL2S045.
Pełny tekst źródłaDubouloz, Sandra. "L'innovation organisationnelle : antécédents et complémentarité : une approche intégrative appliquée au Lean Management". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00944182.
Pełny tekst źródłaHaller, Coralie. "Développement et valorisation des routines d’échanges d’informations au sein du territoire vitivinicole provençal : l’effectuation comme approche intégrative". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM2002.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this research, we are looking at information exchanges processes among actors, using three theoretical appoaches : organisational routines (Lewin et al. 2011), proximity approches (Pecqueur et Zimmermann, 2004 ; Torre et Beuret, 2012 ; Torrès, 2003, 2009) and the effectuation theory (Sarasvathy, 2003, 2007). Our itent is to understand the role of causal/effectual modes of reasoning in the articulation of organisational routines within context of proximity among actors. Using a qualitative method based on a single-case involving embedded units of analysis, we are studying small and medium size entreprises (SMEs) of the Provence wine industry. Our abductive approach is organised around an exploratory and a descriptive/ comprehensive phase. We proceeded textual analyses, with the help of softwares and content analyses, using the continuous comparison method borrowed from the grounded theory. Our findings reveal that the triangulation of various informations stemming from exchanges processes developped with different actors in a proximity context, participate to the evolution of the managers' modes of reasoning from causal to effectual and vice-versa. We discussed that the effectuation theory and more precisely, the causal/effectal modes of reasoning, can be considered as in integrative approach which contribute to a better understanding of the informations exchanges processes among actors. We argued more precisely, that interactions between causal and effectual modes of reasoning of wine SMEs managers are related to the mediation of internal and external organisational routines build on mix of proximities
Zriki, Ghais. "Etude intégrative des interactions au sein d’une association lâche, hôte-microprédateur-arthropodes non hématophages cohabitant avec lui : vers une gestion agro-écologique des bâtiments d’élevage de volaille". Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTG025.
Pełny tekst źródłaNatural enemies such as predatory arthropods play an important role in controlling pest populations in agroecosystems. Laying-hen farms are agroecosystems of intensive production that incorporate a high diversity of arthropods: hen parasites and manure arthropods (predators, detritivorous, etc.). The poultry red mites Dermanyssus gallinae is the most damaging ectoparasite in laying-hen farms. Infestations with D. gallinae cause both welfare and economic problems. Dermanyssus gallinae is a nidicolous ectoparasite that lives close to its host in an environment shared by the naturally-occurring predatory arthropods in laying-hen farms.In this thesis, our objective was to improve our knowledge on the impact of native arthropods predators in laying-hen farms on D. gallinae. Based on three methodological approaches –descriptive, correlative and experimental–, the present work explored predator-prey interactions (with focus on D. gallinae) and the impact of arthropods predators on D. gallinae at three levels: 1) individual level: building the food web of native arthropods (in vitro), 2) species level: analyzing the covariation of the abundances of D. gallinae and its predators in farm buildings, 3) population level: measuring in an experimental system (hen-D. gallinae-predator) in mesocosms the impact of native arthropod predators on the development of D. gallinae populations.The analysis of native arthropods food web showed that D. gallinae is a potential prey for ten predatory species. These predators showed a significant disparity in predation frequency on D. gallinae and in their preferences for prey species between D. gallinae and detritivorous mites as alternative prey. In laying-hen farms, analysis of the relative abundances of D. gallinae and native predators supported the presence of interactions between D. gallinae and predatory species that showed high predation frequencies on it in vitro. The experiments in mesocosm allowed the development of D. gallinae, native arthropod predators and detritivorous mites. Under our experimental conditions, native arthropod predators did not show any detectable effect on the development of D. gallinae populations when other alternative prey species were present. These results suggest that, under our experimental conditions, the development of D. gallinae populations seemed to be limited by food resources (the hen) and not by the predation effect. The presence of alternative prey (detritivorus mites) may have reduced predators’ impact on D. gallinae populations. Through our experimental system, we also showed that mass-reared and commercially available predatory mites currently used to control D. gallinae in laying farms, did not have a negative effect on non-target species such as native predatory mites.Our results uncovered important gaps in our understanding of D. gallinae biology and population dynamics. These results also demonstrate the importance of further investigating the impact of alternative prey species in the absence of a regulatory effect of native predators on D. gallinae populations
Lieury, Nicolas. "Vers une gestion intégrative des populations animales : l'importance d'intégrer l'immigration à la compréhension de leur dynamique et à l'évaluation scientifique des actions de régulation et de conservation". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4336/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaDue to the multiple interactions linking species together, human activities and animal species influence each other. Animal populations are therefore managed to favour long-term cohabitation. Wildlife management includes the conservation of endangered species, the harvest of game species and the control of species considered as pest. It consists in impacting population dynamics (density variation in a territory) either by favouring or limiting population growth. Faced with the complexity of ecological processes and the urgent need for acting in a context of decreasing allocated resources, an efficient management requires a precious understanding of population dynamics in response to actions. During my PhD, I collaborated with managers supervising two contrasted biological systems: the conservation of endangered Mediterranean raptors (Bonelli’s eagles and Egyptian vultures) and the control of fox densities in French rural landscapes. For each case of study, my work consisted in i) analysing data from population monitoring designed to ii) evaluate the management impact on population dynamics. In both systems, I highlighted iii) the crucial importance of immigration either in boosting endangered population or compensating for fox regulation. After having iv) derived concrete guidelines to improve management facing with immigration. I concluded my PhD by v) searching in turn for cost-effective designs of population monitoring. Overall, I questioned the contrasted systems I studied to understand pitfalls and solutions favouring an efficient management of animal populations
Rodrigues, Jérémy. "Analyse de cycle de vie intégrative de filières de production de biomasse à usage industriel par la valorisation de délaissés". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0321/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaMarginal materials and lands (brownfields, byproducts, inert wastes), the management of which causes significant environmental impacts, can be valorized through soil construction in order to grow nonfood biomass (e.g. fiber, energy). This may reduce their volume and increase use of renewable resources without direct or indirect competition with food crops or biodiversity. This thesis assesses the sustainability of such supply chains with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), considered one of the most pertinent existing methods. This thesis introduces indicators complementary to current use, in order to improve LCA’s exhaustivity and its taking into account of marginal lands’ specificities. It prioritizes impacts with respect to planetary boundaries (i.e. maximum impacts levels acceptable to avoid ecosystem disruption), average impacts in studied geographic context and added value of the supply chains. Most of these suggestions are applied to the study of a soil construction process using inert and organic wastes (LORVER). The high diversity of materials and alternative management strategies and the most certain tradeoffs and critical parameters are assessed combining uncertainty and multidimensional analysis tools. Constructed soil’s ability to stabilize carbon and pollutants is demonstrated to be its major condition for sustainability. For other impacts (ecosystem services, air quality, resources), LORVER is even less pertinent when the need for material transportation increases, and more importantly if those materials could have otherwise been used to replace commodities polluting to produce. These results highlight when LORVER can be seen as sustainable
Le, Béchec Antony. "Gestion, analyse et intégration des données transcriptomiques". Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S051.
Pełny tekst źródłaAiming at a better understanding of diseases, transcriptomic approaches allow the analysis of several thousands of genes in a single experiment. To date, international standard initiatives have allowed the utilization of large quantity of data generated using transcriptomic approaches by the whole scientific community, and a large number of algorithms are available to process and analyze the data sets. However, the major challenge remaining to tackle is now to provide biological interpretations to these large sets of data. In particular, their integration with additional biological knowledge would certainly lead to an improved understanding of complex biological mechanisms. In my thesis work, I have developed a novel and evolutive environment for the management and analysis of transcriptomic data. Micro@rray Integrated Application (M@IA) allows for management, processing and analysis of large scale expression data sets. In addition, I elaborated a computational method to combine multiple data sources and represent differentially expressed gene networks as interaction graphs. Finally, I used a meta-analysis of gene expression data extracted from the literature to select and combine similar studies associated with the progression of liver cancer. In conclusion, this work provides a novel tool and original analytical methodologies thus contributing to the emerging field of integrative biology and indispensable for a better understanding of complex pathophysiological processes
Pélabère, Julien. "Les facteurs clés du succès de la négociation dans la vente complexe et l'apport de la médiation pour l'ingénieur d'affaires". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E075.
Pełny tekst źródłaNo English summary available
Kammoun, Masmoudi Wafa. "Intégration financière, gestion alternative et diversification de portefeuilles". Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1G046.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is interested in studying the new landscape of financial markets in which hedge funds have taken an important place that may affect financial stability and particularly portfolio diversification benefits. During the last two decades, financial globalization has allowed interaction of international markets and an extension of the principle of risk diversification in several markets. This has resulted in increased volatility of funding sources and increased financial instability amplifying financial market trends. International financial integration is one of the major trends of the contemporary movement of globalization of economies. Its apprehension is useful for investors whose portfolio investment strategies are closely related to the degree of integration of financial markets. However, due to the rise of the interdependence of financial markets, reducing a priori the potential gains from diversification, new alternative investments offer new opportunities for investors. This research explores the dynamic relationship between the returns of domestic equity and bond markets for developed and emerging countries in order to approximate time variations in inter-stock–bond market integration and to identify the main economic and financial determinants. The analysis of financial integration leads us to question the structure of investors in the world. We note that the predominant development is the advent of the hedge fund industry. Thus, this thesis proposes to expose the basics of alternative investment and to explore empirically how the systematic risk exposures of hedge funds vary over time conditional on some exogenous variables that managers are assumed to use in changing their trading strategies. Given the dynamic structure of risk exposure of hedge funds, the thesis attempts to study the dynamic links between the global macro strategy and traditional financial assets. The results show on the one hand, that there is a significant time-varying conditional correlation between stock and bond indices over the sample period. In times of financial turmoil, the DCC down and even become negative for developed countries, confirming the phenomenon of flight to quality in the international financial markets. This variability is mainly due to the exchange rate volatility and economic uncertainty in the financial system. In the other hand, we have shown that (1) volatility, term spread and shocks in liquidity significantly impact on the time variation of hedge fund betas; (2) beta dynamics show that leverage levels and shocks in liquidity are the key factors underlying the dynamics of systematic risk. Finally, our results demonstrates the destabilizing forces of global macro especially on emerging markets and the existence of the short- and long-term relationships between global macro and financial assets for Canada, France and Germany, providing less diversification benefits
Bouneffa, Mourad. "Gestion des objets complexes : modélisation, évolution et intégration". Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10336.
Pełny tekst źródłaGimenez, Marie. "Effets de la pratique du repeuplement sur la structure fonctionnelle et en taille des communautés de poissons lacustres". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU30272.
Pełny tekst źródłaStocking is a management practice commonly used by freshwater managers. This practice consists of releasing fish, often from aquaculture, into a given ecosystem to enhance fish stocks. Although the effects of this practice can spread through all levels of biological organization, its impact on community and ecosystem remains poorly understood due to a lack of monitoring. Thus, the main objective of this work was to quantify the effects of stocking on community structure and ecosystem functioning. In the first chapter, we estimated the ecological risks of stocking programs on the community structure of large French lakes. Our results showed that stocking had a significant impact on the functional and body size structure of recipient communities, even in absence of change in their taxonomic composition. However, these effects were influenced by the initial characteristics of the communities (i.e., fish density and species diversity), underlining the context-dependence of the effects of stocking. In a second chapter, we identified the causes and quantified consequences of recent stocking practices within a network of gravel pit lakes located in the central part of the Garonne floodplain. Our results showed that an increase of stocking was associated with an increase in taxonomic and functional richness, as well as density-dependent changes in community body size structure. These changes were partly explained by the fact that phenotypic characteristics of stocked individuals met anglers' demands (i.e., large and predatory species). In a third chapter, based on an experimental approach, we assessed whether habitat enhancement could limit the impact of stocking on prey communities and ecosystem functioning. Our results showed that stocking had a limited impact on prey communities, and this impact was mitigated by the deployment of woody habitat surrounded by a steel cage. However, the deployment of this habitat had an effect on ecosystem functioning, showing that it is difficult to mitigate the effects of stocking, even with an ecosystem-based management practice. Stocking plays a major role in community dynamics, through the massive and regular release of individuals whose phenotype meets halieutic requirements. However, improved monitoring of practices and further studies will be essential to understand the full extent of the effects of stocking on eco-evolutionary dynamics, ecosystem functioning and the services derived from them. The study of complementary and ecosystem-based management measures will also be crucial to ensure the sustainability of freshwater fisheries
Mbakidi, Horsini Leandre. "Gestion forestière durable et intégration sous-régionale en Afrique Centrale". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS020S.
Pełny tekst źródłaEnvironmental issues have in recent years become so important on the international scene it is today inconceivable to develop a forestry policy framework which is not oriented towards the sustainable management of forest resources and the conservation of biological diversity sity found in natural areas. The Central African countries are particularly affected by this double challenge as they host the second World Heritage tropical forest. The forest estate has a unique biodiversity, described as second only to the planet because of its contribution to global ecological balance. The Central African forests are under increasing human pressure: hunting and habitat degradation, by extension of agricultural land, energy needs and, above all uncontrolled logging. Concerns about forest management practices in this area therefore require the introduction of changes in their application for a sustainable forest management. A common approach to Central African countries in managing forest resources seems necessary to contribute to sustainable development in the sub-region and the global ecological balance. The issue of forests in Central Africa thus refers to a process of regional integration in the forest sector as a "tool" of interest to the sustainable management of forests and to increase its economic and social contribution to the sub-regional economies
Cugnet, Mikael Georges André. "Intégration du vieillissement à la gestion d'une batterie plomb automobile". Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13583.
Pełny tekst źródłaEvrard, Karine. "Intégration culturelle et croissance externe". Grenoble 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE21019.
Pełny tekst źródłaConsidering the high rate of merger and acquisition failure, cultural integration seems to be a major step in the whole process. While the choice of a partner is generally guided by multiple financial issues, it has now been established that the integration process fails because of a lack of cultural compatibility between combining organizations. Based on a detailed review of literature and case studies conducted by two french industrial firms, this research work aims at clarifying the role and management practices of cultural integration during the integration process of mergers and acquisitions. The methods and techniques used to analyze qualitative data are based on the knowledge and living experience of the individuals. Through numerous in-depth interviews, we collected data that permitted to clarify the mechanism of the cultural integration process. The results show how cultural integration works as a catalyst of operational integration, by facilitating the achievement of synergies related to the operation. The management of cultural integration depends on the control of cultural change and on various acts entailing harmony between organizational culture and strategy in the new firm. The specific context characteristic of each case prevents us from generalizing our results. Nevertheless, the frames and tools we developed could possibly be adapted to other situations, in order to be improved and enriched
Herberg, Ulrich. "Réseaux Ad Hoc : Performance, Dimensionnement, Gestion Automatisée et Intégration dans l'Internet". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00598156.
Pełny tekst źródłaBaidari, Boubacar. "Intégration internationale et contrôle de gestion au sein des entreprises multinationales françaises". Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT4005.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work is a contribution to the knowledge of the mechanisms of international coordination. Its aim is to study the integration froms and management control systems in french multinational enterprises, to analyse the relationships between this two componants of organisational control system and finally to research their determinant factors. The first part of this work is a literature review on the organisation and the control of international operations and the second one presents the results of the investigation done in thirty-four frech multinational corporations. The fieldwork shows that the classic multinational organisation is not the main form; the greater part of french multinational enterprises has an international form akin to the american type. On the the other hand, the management control systems are differentiated; that means that the local particularities are taken into consideration. Moreover, complex relationships have been observed between the management control and the other mechanisms of international coordination. We have also noticed that internal factors of corporation have more influence that the external ones on organisation and control of foreing subsidiaries
Brunetto, Gérald. "Intégration des systèmes d'information et fusion d'entreprises". Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20120.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research aims at explaining the dynamics of IS integration processes during mergers. The goal is to understand the different IS integration modes and its dynamics realized by merged firms. Literature on mergers and acquisitions focuses primarily on technological aspects of the integration process. Ten case studies of firms having realized many Is integration processes between 1989 and 2005 are been studied by a “abductive” approach. A double approach is used. The first approach represents the necessity of using organizational configuration to define possible IS integration modes. Then, we complete our analysis with a second approach based to determine two IS integration process dynamics, i. E. A planned integration and a constructed one. In this research, we identify two results. First, IT are a minor determinant of IS integration process during mergers. For this purpose, we put forward the necessity to take into account a vision based on organizational, strategic and technological levels. So configurational approach allows to show the importance of fit between two merged firms within the IS integration process. This fit between these 3 levels makes it possible to understand IS integration process and to characterize it according to two perspectives : chosen or emergent integration mode and dynamics implementation of this mode. For the latter, we used sociocultural evolution model (Weick 1977, Burgelman 1991) so as to model the IS integration process. In the light of firm cases studied, we analyzed two dynamics : planned integration which derives from a Retention-Selection-Variation approach and constructed integration which comes from a Variation-Selection-Retention approach
Loukil, Zied. "Intégration des ressources en planification temporelle optimale". Artois, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ARTO0402.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this thesis, we aim at introducing the management of consumable and renewable resources in temporal, parallel and domain-independent planning. As an application of our work, our purpose is to improve the temporal parallel planner named CPT which is not able to manage resources in its original version. In addition, we want to preserve all the original performances of this planner on temporal planning problems. We focus on the total duration of the plan as the optimization criterion. To express resource constrains, we develop a resource-based formalism in relation of the mutual-exclusion-based one introduced by Smith and Weld and used by the CPT planner to express temporal constraints. We propose two different methods to manage resources in the CPT planner: The first one, based on resource links, requires additional resource constraints which must be respected and can resolve temporal planning problems under resources within remarkable search delays. The second one is based on synchronization actions; it is less restrictive than the first method but it requires many additional propagation rules to speed up the search process. In many cases, the synchronization actions-based method finds temporal optimal parallel plans with better quality than the ones found by the resource links-based method
Grandgirard, Agnès. "De la gestion intégrée comme doctrine à l'intégration comme défi de gestion". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003040.
Pełny tekst źródłaZerhouni, Mohamed Hichem. "Intégration des flux inverses dans la gestion des stocks et de la production". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00999267.
Pełny tekst źródłaBidan, Marc. "Vers une intégration du système d'information de gestion de l'entreprise de taille moyenne ?" Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT4019.
Pełny tekst źródłaAttention has been focused in this decade on the development, implementation, and use of integrated enterprise systems known as ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems. This trend also continues with Data warehousing and Re-architected systems (Markus, 2000) and there are no signs of a slow down in the near future. This thesis first shows how complex are integrated enterprise systems, especially because they consist of thousands of data items, processes, tables, functions, and relationships. Then, concerning the field of medium-sized companies, the thesis asks the question of " how to integrate " in non-exclusively technological terms. Analysis is based on two theories, Markus (2000, 2001) and Thompson (1967), concerning data and information organisation. Finally, based on quantitative (143 companies) and qualitative (3 case studies) analysis, this research investigates integration practices and offers some usual approaches of medium-sized companies Management Information System (MIS) integration
Bourdon, Isabelle. "Les facteurs de succès des systèmes intégratifs d'aide à la gestion des connaissances". Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20089.
Pełny tekst źródłaHarsan, Horea. "Analyse cyclique de sécurité : approche temps réel et intégration dans la gestion prévisionnelle". Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0166.
Pełny tekst źródłaRakoto, Holitiana. "Intégration du retour d'expérience dans les processus industriels : application à Alstom Transport". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7283/1/rakoto.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaJautzy, Olivier. "Intégration de sources de données hétérogènes : Une approche langage". Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENPC0002.
Pełny tekst źródłaKleinhans, Stéphane. "Intégration de la modélisation d'entreprise dans une démarche de stratégie industrielle". Bordeaux 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR10652.
Pełny tekst źródłaSomme, Dominique. "Filières de soins, intégration, gestion de cas et maintien de l'autonomie des personnes âgées". Reims, 2008. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000740.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe French health and services system for elderly people losing their autonomy is characterised by a significant number of players. This causes difficulties for people to find the help they need in this fragmented system. We studied two conquences of this fragmentation: the inappropriate use of the hospital, and the non-observance of the fundamental human right ob being involved during institutionalization. Our results highlight the importance of reasoning from people's homes and with the integration of all healthcare facilities. We are also providing methodological reflection on the helath channels research that allow caregivers to understand these phenomena. The finding of inadequacy of the health care system and help create a situation of tension that leads to innovation. The model PRISMA, by its previous experimentations, its proven efficacy in Quebec and its demonstrated flexibility offers the opportunity to study the establishment of a model of integration in France. The study of organizational changes and practices currently under way will identify factors changing the system towards integration. However, the very meaning of integration is that the person receives "good service at the right time or the right place by the right person at the lowest cost in human and social development". This objective requires a case manager, from a new professional field. We analyzed in depth in Quebec one of their professional practice: the individualized service plan in order to clarify the concept, the rules of drafting and properties of the tool
Duguay, Jérôme. "Intégration de l'analyse du cycle de vie dans la gestion d'une flotte de véhicules". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27641.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis addresses issues related to the management of a fleet of vehicles. A structured approach integrating the analysis of fleet life cycle is proposed. Various factors and considerations for the requirements assessment are first introduced and used to determine the vehicles specifications and the fleet composition. For the vehicle acquisition process, an approach primarily driven by the life cycle cost analysis is used for the selection of vehicles. Several models are also proposed in order to optimize the exploitation, maintenance and development of a decision-making system for fleet renewal. Finally, for equipment that has reached its useful life, different disposition strategies are suggested in order to reduce environmental impacts. The contents of this thesis can be used by managers of small and large vehicle fleets as well as project managers who work in such field and that are interested in life cycle management of a vehicle fleet in a context of sustainable development. The suggested approach is further inspired by the public and para-public sector but can also be adapted and used in the private sector context. This thesis will allow managers to understand the different factors to take into consideration and the best tools to use for decision making, in order to optimize the various processes of life cycle management of a fleet of vehicles.
Villagómez, Velázquez Yanga. "Gestion sociale de l'eau, transformation agraire et intégration territoriale dans l'isthme de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca". Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20084.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe administration of collective resources, among which can be counted water, rises some problems whose complexity usually passes unnoticed by specialists of the matter. As a matter of fact, it passes unnoticed in so far as models proposed by these specialists, in order to optimise the use of water, make relative social consequences and agrarian transformations caused by hydro agricultural politics in the Tehuantepec Isthmus, Oaxaca. Hydro agricultural politics in this particular region began in the 1930's, when the first irrigation works were built. Planning works to profit by the waters of the Tehuantepec river were followed by the construction of the Benito Juarez dam and then the Irrigation District N° 19 in the early 60's. This state policy was formed to solve the agricultural deficit in Oaxaca, but in the region, it caused a deep social and political crisis in social organisation by bringing the ingredients that allowed the form of soil property to be altered. It has also contributed to create the breaking off in organisational form of country production introducing a model of productivist company. In the last thirty years, the use of water has been oriented towards exploitation and specialisation of great culture production (sugar cane, rice, sesame, Indian millet and extensive catering), which revealed to be inadequate in an irrigated perimeter because these federal systems were formed to give priority to demand of domestic alimentary products. This transformation of local economy, consequence of introduction of irrigation, lead to the creation of a market of soils, their seizing and concentration of property. From a social point of view, producers concerned by the phenomenon have began to organise a political movement as a reaction to this privatisation
Debbech, Sana. "Ontologies pour la gestion de sécurité ferroviaire : intégration de l'analyse dysfonctionnelle dans la conception". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECLI0014/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSafety is an emergent property of safety critical systems (SCS), including railway systems. This emergent aspect exacerbates their development process and requires a thorough reasoning to reduce hazards. This thesis proposes an ontological approach that integrates safety activities from the early design stages of SCS. This structured framework provides a semantic harmonization between the involved domains, such as safety engineering and Goal Oriented Requirements Engineering (GORE). The business logic integrated in this approach is validated by real rail accident scenarios and a remotely operated task. At first, we proposed a dysfunctional analysis ontology called DAO and based on the high-level ontology UFO. DAO considers the socio-technical and environmental aspects of SCS and integrates the different types of faults and cognitive properties that are respectively related to technical failures and human errors. The DAO conceptual model is expressed in OntoUML and formalized in OWL language in order to provide a reasoning support. Then, a semantic bridge is established between safety measures, safety goals and safety requirements through the development of a goal-oriented security management ontology, called GOSMO. The management of safety decisions is based on the reinterpretation of the Or-Bac access control model from a safety point of view. In order to ensure the overall consistency of requirements, GOSMO allows structuring the management of requirements changes and their traceability
Bardon, Thibaut. "Penser les outils de gestion comme des morales organisationnelles : Proposition d’un cadre intégratif foucaldien". Paris 9, 2011. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2011PA090015.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this work, we propose to investigate management practices using a foucauldian perspective. To do so, we mobilize the integrative concept of ‘moral’ proposed by Foucault in order to question the discipline and the asceticism that are prescribed to organizational actors, i. E. What we call the prescribed organizational moral, as well as the individual morality of behaviors understood as the discipline and asceticism that organizational actors conduct in practice. The research question of this work can be formulated as follow: “How do organizational morals work?”. We aim to contribute to current foucauldian studies in several ways: First, the concept of ‘moral’ is particularly helpful to understand the complementary between the discipline and the asceticism prescribed to organizational actors. Second, while prescribed asceticisms have already been investigated in details, the asceticisms that organizational actors conduct in practice still need to be explored. Third, and relatedly, our work aims to better understand individuals’ reactions to management practices by considering that the ‘responses’ they produce within the organization context tighly depend on the ways organizational actors ‘see themselves’ and ‘ work on themselves’ in practice
Lamé, Guillaume. "Intégration entre services hospitaliers : management des opérations en cancérologie". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC027/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis dissertation addresses the challenge of coordinating hospital services. We take an integrated view on care delivery and the various units involved in a care process, with a case study in outpatient chemotherapy process at Henri Mondor hospital, Créteil, France. We tackle three research questions :1. How should a change program in a multi-department setting be designed and managed?2. How can one improve outpatient chemotherapy delivery?3. Why do strategic plans look so disconcerting and disappointing in public academic medical centers, compared to otherindustrial organizations, when similar methods are applied?Our main research method is action-research. During reorganization projects, we adapt and combine methods from operational research and industrial engineering in order to integrate hospitals’ specificities. We propose and evaluate reorganisation methods focused on interdepartmental coordination, and we contribute to a better knowledge of the specific environment of hospitals, which is quite different from the contexts in which industrial engineering traditionally developed
Ardon, Sébastien. "Intégration de l'utilisateur dans la gestion de la qualité de service pour des environnements hétérogènes". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066013.
Pełny tekst źródłaSingh, Mahendra. "Améliorer la performance opérationnelle du bâtiment avec intégration de la gestion réactive capacités de diagnostic". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT107/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaCurrently, indoor discomfort in dwellings is one of the crucial issues along with the building energy consumption. Indeed, people spend 60-90% of their lives in buildings. Indoor comfort plays a vital role in occupants health, productivity, and well-being. However, various optimization and rule-based anticipative or predictive building strategies have been proposed to achieve the perceived comfort taking into account the energy consumption. However, in practice, anticipation or plans are far from the reality. Usually, anticipative plans are synchronized with one-hour anticipation period and do not consider the various sources of discrepancies as well as current envelope configurations. Unbeknownst to many, discrepancies from different sources could cause big penalty over cost and comfort. To tackle this issue, building management system needs to be designed as reactive or almost with no planning so that it can respond to all discrepancies re-actively. To address this problem, a multi-scale Anticipative Reactive Diagnosing- Building Management System (ARD-BMS) is proposed in this dissertation. ARD-BMS is an internal management and performs three important actions i.e., Discrepancydetection, Cause isolation, and finally Corrective actions. ARD-BMS follow the short-time resolution i.e., 10-minute to analyze the fault trends and current the building dynamics and take necessary corrective actions to maintain the desired level of comfort. This thesis proposes a fast dynamics simplified reactive model that can be used to estimate the current status of the building. Modern buildings are very sophisticated system with a large number of sensors, controllers, and HVACs. Most of the building facilities are using a scheduled preventive maintenance services derived from periodic operations of the buildings. These preventive actions do not take into account the other inadmissible issues such as unplanned situations, weather prediction failures etc. These unplanned issues could cause unaccountable impacts over occupant’s comfort during the 24-hour operation cycle. Diagnosability of short-term discomfort causes is still a challenging job at whole building operation level. Furthermore, to analyze this situation the thesis proposes a diagnostic methodology for detection and isolation of cause (faults) in buildings. The proposed methodology includes a rule-based HAZOP (Hazard and Operability analysis) and model-based approach. Further, in order to oversee unplanned discomforts, a short-term reactive optimization has been proposed
Kaoud, Menatalla. "Proposition d'un modèle organisationnel intégratif pour la gestion des connaissances clients : étude de cas approfondie". Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT3001/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaFrom a resource-based perspective, this thesis explores how the Customer Knowledge Management (CKM) can build an integrative organizational framework to improve the effectiveness of Customer Relationship Management (CRM). It presents a thorough empirical analysis on the management of customer knowledge flows within the CRM business processes and provides an integrative organizational model for the Customer Knowledge Management in order to improve its effectiveness. This model appears as an organizational sequence based on cultural, strategic, structural levers, customer knowledge management processes, and technological support In order to develop this model, this thesis was based on an in-depth case study at Deraya Insurance Brokerage company in Egypt. Deraya is a market-leader broker specialized in medical insurance that bases its competitive advantage on the services knowledge that it sells and the optimal ways to reach customers. This case study was conducted by a triangulation strategy of data collection (semi-structured interviews, observation, and secondary data). Validation interviews were thus conducted among multinational enterprises in various service sectors to examine the degree of applicability of the model in different professional contexts. This Integrative Organizational Model highlights the management efforts required to implement CKM Approach
Régnier, Pascal. "Conduite réactive des systèmes de production : intégration des régimes périodique et événementiel". Bordeaux 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR10520.
Pełny tekst źródłaDang, Xuan Linh. "Contribution à l'étude des systèmes PV/Stockage distribués : impact de leur intégration à un réseau fragile". Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DENS0017/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis presents the integration of the distributed energy sources (PV/Storage) connected to the electric power distribution network. The main question here is: "how to integrate and exploit these sources in order to strengthen a fragile distribution network?". To respond to this question, we started by modeling of the distribution network (domestic consumption model and low-voltage distribution network model) and a hybrid system (solar cell model, lead-acid battery model and converters models) while taking into account the losses. Concerning the PV/Storage system, a new approach of MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) is developed based on the average current passing through the diode. We also studied the three-phase imbalance by using a three-phase inverter (also called three-phase corrector). An approach of the corrector sizing is proposed based on the indirect current of three current-loads. To study the power transfer between the distributed energy sources and the network, first of all, we proposed a new strategy to optimize the energy generated from the PV + chopper + ideal battery system into the electric network. An inverter is studied in order to transfer power (in terms of active and reactive power) between an active generator and the electric network. Secondly, optimization approaches for sizing and placing distributed generators in the electric network are presented. For a fixed sizing of the PV/Storage system (the area of photovoltaic, the capacity of battery and the nominal currents of converters) as well as Storage/Inverter system, the energy flow management strategies are carried out by respecting the constraints of the network as well as the state of charge of battery. We also considered the injection from the PV/Storage system into only one node as well as into two nodes simultaneously. Finally, the optimal sizing of the PV/Storage system as well as the Storage/Inverter system are studied based on the investment cost of each component of these systems. This approach takes into account the energy flow management strategies
Ghurbhurn, Rahee. "Intégration de données à partir de connaissances : une approche multi-agent pour la gestion des changements". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00785415.
Pełny tekst źródłaGlorieux, Mélanie. "Gestion de l'eau de pluie en milieu urbain : intégration des arbres dans les systèmes de biorétention". Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2010. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/641/1/GLORIEUX_M%C3%A9lanie.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaOvalle, villamil Andres. "Gestion coorpérative de flotte de véhicules électriques en vue de son intégration optimale au réseau électrique". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT101.
Pełny tekst źródłaWith a stock of Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) under continuous grow during the last ten years, concerns have been raised in terms of their charging infrastructure and their integration into the electricity distribution systems. If PEVs are considered as a fleet, both their impact and benefit for the electrical power system can be substantial. The general objective of this thesis is to propose and develop decentralized algorithms allowing to mitigate the most critical impacts expected to occur with the integration of PEVs. Taking into account the reversibility of chargers, the proposed algorithms are intended to consider re-injection of energy, in order to provide ancillary services to the grid. Moreover, algorithms are supposed to consider the stochastic nature of variables like the arrival and departure of PEVs, their initial state of charge, among others. Under these premises and taking into account earlier contributions, this thesis introduces a centralized approach and a distributed optimization approach in order to have a solid benchmark for the justification of the most elaborate contributions of the last part of this work. After these first experiences, the most important contribution of this thesis is represented in two decentralized optimization methodologies that were developed in details based on concepts of evolutionary game theory. Both of them introduce the concept of fairness in the allocation of tasks and resources among PEVs, and give more weight to social constraints represented on the role of PEV owners in the load managing process. Furthermore, one of these methodologies includes alternatives to integrate fast charging rates in the scheduling process, while the other methodology allows PEVs to provide ancillary services like valley filling, peak shaving, active and reactive power balancing, and reactive power supply
Leclercq, Maximilien. "Conception et intégration d'un système de vision pour la gestion du confort visuel dans le bâtiment". Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAL0081.
Pełny tekst źródłaOne aspect of the energy consumption reduction in buildings concerns the lighting. It cannot be considered without taking into account the visual comfort of people according to the task done, in particular in the tertiary sector. The study of the human perception leads to the conclusion that the natural lighting is the solution that allows the best comfort. However the management of the daylighting is difficult and the evaluation of the comfort remains subjective. This PhD work has led to the development of innovative equipments that allow firstly to measure several comfort criteria and thus to extract a comfort index, and secondly to implement the control of the visual ambiance while minimizing the energy consumption. The implemented comfort sensor relies on the extraction of information from images taken by a fish-eye camera in order to measure global (mean luminance, and barycentre of the luminance), and local criteria (dazzling points, and high contrast zones). These criteria are aggregated using fuzzy logic in order to determine a comfort index; this approach taking naturally into account the subjectivity among people of the concept of comfort. The management of the visual comfort relies on the control of two types of actuators: Venietian blinds and artificial lights. The implemented control is based on a structure with imbricate loops that allows the control of the different levels of information in this system (physical, optical, comfort criteria and index). It uses a set of models resulting from identification procedures and it is defined in order to reach a good robustness in regards with the model uncertainties and to reject perturbations. These implementations have been tested and validated experimentally within a room of openspace area type
Bois, Stéphane. "Intégration de la gestion des modes de marche dans le pilotage d'un système automatisé de production". Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10113.
Pełny tekst źródłaDans un second temps, nous avons montré que l'intégration des tables de contraintes aboutit à une décomposition structurelle et fonctionnelle: elle est obtenue sous la forme d'un schéma arborescent de recherche déductive des modes de marche des différentes machines du procédé. Ce modèle est facilement exploitable peut être utilisé par la suite, en vue du pilotage temps réel de l'unité de production par un raisonnement sur la logique de dépendance ou d'enchaînement de ses modes de marche. L'exploitation de la modélisation nous a amené à étudier le pilotage d'une unité de production flexible. Nous en avons décrit les différentes fonctionnalités et les solutions adoptées pour résoudre tous les problèmes de fonctionnement, qui se répercutent à tous les niveaux de commande. La mise en œuvre d'un logiciel de pilotage, chargé de la gestion automatique des modes de marche, a permis de valider complètement la démarche, avec l'utilisation de techniques d'intelligence artificielle
Ben, Amor Inès. "Gestion dynamique de la consommation de récepteurs RF : intégration de fronts-end RF ultra faible consommation". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4323.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), sensors networks and new networks to objects requires the development of a new ecosystem. Nowadays, it upsets many sectors of our society. It solicits design of low power radio transceivers as reducing energy consumption presents a major constraint in the case of these applications in order to obtain greater autonomy. In this context, the purpose of the thesis is to provide techniques allowing reducing the power consumption of radio frequency receivers while seeking to minimize the impact of these technologies on the performance of the achieved receiver. In order to realize a demonstrator consists of a transmitter and receiver for video transmission, two UWB receivers with dynamic power management have been made in 0.13µm HCMOS9 technology from STMicroelectronics. First, a study of dynamic power management techniques on analog radio frequency circuits was proposed. This study was conducted on different circuits that seem to be the most used in design of analog circuits at high frequencies. The proposed technique allows to turn on and off the circuit between two pulses received to reduce their consumption. The application of this technique also requires a reduction of the latency caused by the ignition and the extinction radio frequency functions. In this case, a model to minimize the impact of the encapsulating effect has been proposed. Secondly, the first receiver was performed for 6-10GHz frequency band and implements dynamic power management using the technique of "Power Gating"
Boukherroub, Tasseda. "Intégration des objectifs du développement durable dans la gestion stratégique et tactique de la chaîne logistique". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0080/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe address the problem of supply chain management in the context of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility). We propose an integrated approach allowing the operationalization of the economic, environmental and social performances at the strategic, tactical and operational decision levels of the supply chain. In particular, we apply our approach to the strategic and tactical levels, for the problem of sustainable insourcing/outsourcing of the activities of the value chain on the one hand (strategic decision), and for the problem of the strategic-tactical planning of a sustainable supply chain on the other hand. In the former case, we combine value analysis with performance measurement using AHP method (Analytical Hierarchy Process), an aggregative multi-criteria technique. In the latter, we develop a multi-objective mathematical program that we apply to a realistic case inspired by the Canadian lumber industry. After solving the problem, we obtain a multitude of compromise solutions (Pareto optimums) presenting different performance levels following the economic, environmental and social dimensions, allowing the decision maker to choose the solution that reflects best his/her CSR strategy. This application illustrates the proposed method and allows us to assess the practical value of our approach
Coulon, Jean-Louis. "Handicap, insertion et gestion : réflexions stratégiques : étude du cas de l'A.D.I.S. de 1975 à 2002". Clermont 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF10246.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research work finds its foundations in the activity of the association for the development of the social and occupational insertion (ADIS) occuring in the department of Puy-de-Dôme. The studied period goes of 1975 - year of the foundation, in the sphere of influence of the law of orientation in favour of the handicaped persons - till 2002
Lannuzel, Pierre. "Recueil et intégration d’heuristiques dans les algorithmes de définition de stratégies de pompage". Marne-la-Vallée, ENPC, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ENPC9001.
Pełny tekst źródłaPILOTE is a computer program that attempts to reproduce decisions of expert operators in scheduling outlet pumps at a water treatment plant. The program integrates both mathematical models and heuristics (i. E. Rules-of-thumb used by operators to select configurations of outlet pumps). The models include statistical procedures for predicting hourly water consumption and a hydraulic simulation for estimating hour-by-hour elevation changes at regulating reservoirs and at the elevated reservoir receiving the pumped flows. The heuristics used by operators are based on factors related to water quantity and quality and operation and maintenance costs. An evaluation of the program showed that the statistical forecasting procedures performed well, but the simulation model consistently overestimated the volumes pumped. The heuristics included in the program accurately represented rules used by expert operators, except for rules used to rank order alternative pumping strategies. The evaluation provided an agenda of research for refining PILOTE so that it can be used routinely
Grelu, Carloman. "Intégration de transistors haute tension en technologie CMOS 0,13 µm pour la gestion d'énergie des systèmes portables". Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0065/these.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaMobile applications require to develop high voltage (20 V) switching devices with higher performances in combination with the lowest cost as possible. In this context, due to their lower fabrication cost, new Drift-MOSFET architectures were integrated into a 0. 13 µm CMOS technology, to replace the commonly used Diffused-MOSFETs. Based on results from a theoretical analysis on power losses in switching applications, several Drift-MOSFET releases were implemented to reduce both switching and heat's Joule losses. Main technological improvements consist of reducing both channel and gate to drain overlap lengths and of finally adding a dummy gate above the drain. These evolutions enable to reduce the linear resistance Ron and the average gate capacitance Cgg, which are respectively accountable to heat’s Joule losses and switching losses. We developed a small signal model for the gate capacitance in switching mode to express the average gate capacitance Cgg as a function of control drain (Vdd) and gate (Vgg) biases. The final expression of Cgg is linearly dependent of Vdd/Vgg ratio. By coupling this model to a specific measurement protocol, as close as possible of real operating conditions, we can easier compare devices performances taking into account Miller effect impact on switching losses. Results reveal that some Drift-MOSFETs releases present comparable performances to DMOS in addition to a more cost effective. The dummy gated Drift-MOSFET release presents best performances than DMOS and especially a very low Miller effect sensitivity. This study enables to do the statement of the different competitors for 20 V switching applications and to underline the necessity to take into account Miller effect for future technologies with lower command gate biases Vgg and then higher Vdd/Vgg ratios
Jabraoui, Siham. "L' intégration organisationnelle des PGI et la démarche stratégique des entreprises industrielles: étude des configurations et des dynamiques". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS004S.
Pełny tekst źródłaWhat is called « implementation » of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) usually leads to a rebuilding of management information systems, and to a revisit of management procedures that can be thereafter reorganized according to the company’s strategic orientations. The main problems start when one wants to integrate specific functionalities of a particular company into the ERP. Between the standardization of management procedures and the personalization of ERP, companies often seem to look for a balance that reflects the coherence of their choices and decisions according to their strategic orientations. It’s this topic of balance which constitutes the heart of this dissertation. This research aims to explore the various strategic choices done by companies to integrate ERP. It’s on the basis of these choices that we have tried to decrypt the different modalities adopted to integrate these softwares. We have found three basic configurations built on local levels of the entities concerned by the integration, and a fourth mixed configuration qualifying the synergy of the overall configurations adopted to the wider level of the company. The analysis of the longitudinal evolution of these modalities is a question that appeared to be directly related to the basic problem, because it allows to take into consideration the opened and dynamic behavior of integration processes
Alliaume, Véronique. "Intégration de l'environnement dans la stratégie d'entreprise : cas d'application EDF". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0038.
Pełny tekst źródłaImpacts, the preservation of nature, the safety and security of products, and chemical or nuclear installations,. . . The dynamics of this standardisation process (the definition of technical and legal standards) the development and internationalisation of environmental policies (setting up of appropriate regulatory bodies) has resulted, at least in part, in an internationalisation by those responsible for the pollution of the social costs related to the environmental damage caused. Indeed, these dispositions have mostly been lobbied by the numerous associations or environmental and or ecological movements, with the assistance of the lawyers, the support of science and economics professors, and the back up of the media, to the extent that public opinion still today is significant in shaping environmental action, and plays a crucial role for those companies accused of misdemeanours. As a result, Electricite de France, one of the largest electricity companies in the world and one of the last state monopolies, has had to adapt on three fronts : internal, national and international. At each of these three levels, the environment is one of the major factors that EDF is required to consider in order to deal with its development and future. Such environmental problems that EDF must face are obviously related to the activities of the company which generates almost all the electric energy of France, as well as supplying and distributing it to each customer's home. Furthermore, through its undertakings abroad : direct sales of electricity in Europe, export and operations of electricity generating systems, technical and financial engineering, or its "diplomatic" activity through its participation in E7, EDF is required to meet a global challenge : that of sustainable development. Hence, the environment plays a significant role with implications across the board of EDF's activities and strategy, whether in technical choices for generation or marketing of…