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1
An, Ning. "Confucian geopolitics : Chinese geopolitical imaginations of the US war on terror". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8158/.
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This thesis contributes to the literature of critical geopolitics. Based on the exploration of existing studies of critical geopolitics, in this thesis I first argue that this body of literature only presents a partial picture of the world from the perspective of political geographies. While it does offer a solidly critical stance in the investigation of how spatiality influences the exercise of power, it also has certain limitations from ontological and epistemological perspectives. Many studies in this literature suffer from three problems. First, many works have empirically and overly focused on Western states while neglecting both non-Western spaces/places and non-Western geopolitical theories. Second, this body of literature has paid too much attention to media texts rather than the audience who consume those media. In the small amount of audience studies, fans, who are considered to be the most passionate consumer, have always been equated with the audience, thereby ignoring other consumption forces, such as critics and occasional readers. Third, the majority of extant critical geopolitical studies have been concerned with constructionism, which emphasises the significance of human beings in creating a space and thus influencing the exercise of power, while much less attention has been paid to the materiality that underlines the being, or object, playing any of a set of active roles in a narrative. Those limitations of critical geopolitical studies, in particular the lack of non-Western examples, provide new possibilities for the development of the current field of critical geopolitics. This thesis focuses on Chinese political geographies, a non-Western socio-political background. It indicates that the socio-political context of China has brought potentialities for investigating the complex entanglement between spatial practices and the exercise of power. Specifically, this thesis gives an overview of Chinese geopolitical traditions, hua-yi distinction and Sino-centrism, that have had, and still have, a significant impact upon Chinese political cultures. At the same time, this thesis also reviews the extant literature of Chinese geopolitics. On this basis, it argues that previous works of/in Chinese geopolitical studies have been intimately associated with Western dominance, in particular the classical geopolitical tradition in Western academia, and thus lacked the examination of internal geopolitical voices. These overviews have built two fundamental frameworks for this thesis: critical geopolitics and non-Western geopolitics. Critical geopolitics is the main theoretical framework for this thesis, while non-Western geopolitics is the primary empirical framework for this thesis, although its contribution is not limited to empirics. Thus I argue that geopolitical space is seldom a pure space controlled by any single force or any single element, but rather a heterogeneous space influenced by a mixed range of forces and factors, including both Western and non-Western forces and values, ruling and ruled forces and values, and socially constructed and material factors. In particular for popular geopolitics, I argue that popular space usually strengthens cultural hegemony, but at the same time it also erodes authority. It is a space of difference and antagonism. Armed with the above perspectives, this thesis will use three chapters of empirical studies to explain how various spaces, forces and values are involved in the exercise of power. Three stories are narrated in this thesis: (1) Two different – even opposite – Chinese newspaper writings of terrorism and the US war on terror, which can be read as an examination of how Chinese elites practice and perform their geopolitical identities. (2) Audience imaginations of terrorism and the US war on terror through their readings of Chinese newspapers as mentioned above (1), which can be read as an investigation of how Chinese elitist views are spread and how geopolitical visions are established in Chinese society. (3) Discussion of terrorism and the US war on terror in the Internet community, in which both Internet users and computer algorithms and bots have a significant impact upon the creation of public opinion.
2
Watanabe, Atsuko. "Geopolitics as a traveling theory : the evolution of geopolitical imagination in Japan, 1925-1945". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/89276/.
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This thesis interrogates how geopolitics as a political theory travels inter-regionally in an effort to expand the field of inquiry of critical geopolitics to non-Western states. As a case study, it examines the impact of German geopolitics on Japan during the second quarter of the last century, with a particular focus on the theory of the state as a living organism. Existing studies of critical geopolitics argue that geographical knowledge oppressed local knowledge by discursively actualizing the divided world when it was disseminated all over the world, However, given that critical geopolitical literature on non-Western countries is scarce, there is limited understanding on how classical geopolitics was interpreted in non-Western contexts. Contrastingly to common assumptions, aiming to fill this knowledge gap, this thesis argues that geopolitical knowledge becomes power in a foreign community only when it fits into the vernacular that is embedded in the local landscape. This thesis highlights the role of cognitive gaps that arise between analytical spaces in the course of the travel. In the gaps, the local mode of power mutates the concept without changing its appearance. Seeing intellectuals as a part of the wider community, this thesis unearths the neglected evolution of a traveling theory by thoroughly clarifying the context of the space of interpretation. Thus, it aspires to examine how spatial difference is manifested in International Relations discourses and why and how knowledge is making the world ostensibly one, despite the absence of consensus and therefore unsynthesizable. Japan is a country that is said to have become the first non-Western state by importing a number of European political theories. Analysing scholarly articles and discussions on space and knowledge in Japan, this thesis argues that in Japan, geopolitics helped Japanese people to imagine a different shape of the world. This was a borderless world in which the modern states dissolved into regions. Geopolitical theories supported Japanese government’s attempt to replace the deteriorating European world order of states with a regionalism called the Greater East Asia Co- Prosperity Sphere. In Japanese geopolitical discussions, its environmental determinism tuned into ecological fatalism. Therefore, at least in the first half of the twentieth century, geopolitics was knowledge that rationalized a localized worldview, but not a particular (European) geopolitical tradition, exposing the diversified political practices in world politics.
3
Hahnemann, Andy. "Texturen des Globalen : Geopolitik und populäre Literatur in der Zwischenkriegszeit 1918-1939 /". Heidelberg : Winter, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1000498697/04.
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4
Burns, Nathan L. "An uncertain place in uncertain times the South Caucasus /". Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002750.
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5
Aydogmus, Muslum. "Geopolitics Versus Globalization: United States". Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609085/index.pdf.
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This thesis aims to discuss the argument of exhaustion of economic globalization as an American foreign policy principle. This study argues that economic globalization is intended to restore declining American hegemony started in 1970s, but it has eventually given way to the argument of &ldquoreturn of the geopolitics&rdquo
. The return of the geopolitics is an imperial, expansionist drive as a new foreign policy imperative for United States. The new developments in the international arena in the post-cold war era and especially after the September 11, 2001 brought the end of the globalization as an American project. Globalization is replaced with geopolitics in the transition period from hegemony to empire in United States foreign policy. Because there are new threats for United States in the twenty-first century such as the rise of new global actors in world politics or international competition for oil resources in the strategic regions of the world. In this framework, this study focuses on the rise of new, alternative &ldquo
great powers&rdquo
(European Union, China etc...).
6
Vlčková, Kateřina. "The Russian Geopolitics of Energy". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-194545.
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This Thesis is titled The Energy Geopolitics of Russia and its main purpose is to analyze the energy geopolitics of Russia and the country's shifting energeopolitical pivot to Asia, especially to China. The Thesis is divided into three respective sections -- a theoretical approach, Russian geopolitics of energy, and one descriptive and exploratory case study. It strives to answer three main research questions considering Russia's shifting energeopolitical pivot, Ukraine crisis, and the development of Russia's foreign policy in regard to her energy geopolitics.
7
Gunduc, Yildirim. "Energy Security And Central Asian Geopolitics". Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615176/index.pdf.
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Energy security has become an important part of national security policies in the last decades. Policies concerning energy security are designed and implemented in different ways by countries based on their geographical, political and economic imperatives.
This thesis analyzes the securitization of energy resources in Central Asia and the roles of the US, China, India and Russia as major actors of the Central Asian energy politics in the post-Soviet period. The conditions shaping Central Asian countries decision making process&rsquoas well as the policies and priorities of the US, China, India and Russia are analyzed in the light of latest energy policy developments and related pipeline projects in the region. While doing so, this thesis aims to compare and contrast the practices and policies of the US, China, India and Russia in securing access to energy resources of Central Asia.
8
Kathman, Jacob D. Crescenzi Mark J. C. "The geopolitics of civil war intervention". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1129.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Mar. 27, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Political Science." Discipline: Political Science; Department/School: Political Science.
9
Rech, Matthew Falko. "A critical geopolitics of RAF recruitment". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1743.
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This PhD thesis investigates the geopolitics of Royal Air Force (RAF) recruitment practices. Set at the interface between military and civilian life, RAF recruitment represents an important site from which particular imaginations of the military are consumed, enacted and performed. Drawing primarily on critical geopolitical theory and military geography, along with more-than-representational approaches to popular culture, the thesis uncovers how RAF recruitment necessitates an understanding of, and participation within, certain military-political narratives and imaginaries. It shows that these imaginaries – variously associated with the role, utility and legitimacy of state-sanctioned military violence – are powerful in their ability to affect popular understandings of the military, and to affect certain bodily and material engagements within the immediate spaces of recruitment. Furthermore, with a specific focus on the RAF, it demonstrates how certain ideas around the role and utility of military airpower are represented, enacted and performed. The thesis approaches the geopolitics of RAF recruitment in three ways. Firstly, focussing on the representative tenets of recruitment, the thesis examines both the historical and contemporary design of recruiting texts, images and documents. Using a socio-historical analysis of recruiting images, and drawing upon interviews with the military and corporate producers of recruitment, it demonstrates how recruitment emerges from particular structures, knowledges and experiences. Secondly, focussing on the visualities of military public-relations, the thesis demonstrates how large-scale public and private events, such as military airshows, provide spaces in which military-political narratives and imaginaries are enacted in and through regimes of seeing and sighting. Based on ethnographic research at military airshows, the thesis works to uncover the ways in which techniques of vision at spectacular events tie the potential recruit into particular imaginations of military legitimacy, efficacy, heritage and power. Thirdly, the thesis examines how the more mundane, quotidian sites of RAF recruitment are powerful in their ability to affect bodily predispositions and material engagements. Focussing on RAF recruiting games, military fitness regimes and the material, ephemeral nature of the airshow in particular, the thesis provides an insight into why the material and bodily cultures of militarism matter, and how they work persuasively to entrain particular imaginations of military life and culture. x The thesis raises important questions about the presence of military narratives and imaginaries in the public, civilian sphere, and in popular culture in particular. Set at the interface between military and civilian life, RAF recruitment demonstrates how popular geopolitical discourses of the military sometimes work not only to script imaginations of military violence, but to affect, mark and alter civilian lives and futures.
10
Reznookov, Vitaliy. "The Art of Leading With Geopolitics". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-43646.
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Purpose – The main goal of this thesis is to show – on one hand – the permanent influence of geopolitics on leadership of international companies, and – on the other – how companies influence geopolitics and geopolitical climate. Methodology – Due to the problem which I raise in my thesis, I will use systems view. Systems view is the most appropriate here, mainly because I try to find out the system analyzing real cases and life examples of how businesses are systematically influenced by geopolitical environment, as well as vice-versa – how businesses influence geopolitical environment in places where they do their business. Findings – The number of geopolitical issues that are needed to be taken into account by companies, doing their business globally, is very big and increase all the time. For that reason geopolitics – is a problem that can’t be simply avoided. The way international companies change geopolitical context to meet own interests is also rising all the time. These ways should be well known to lead big multinational company wisely. Research limitations – Though geopolitics is a wide study and can be applied to a large extent towards statecraft and political decision making itself, I focused in my work mainly on two-way linkage between geopolitics and business activity – international business activity in particular. Originality – though the problem raised in this thesis is obvious and observed in everyday business life, very few analytical researches have been done showing the importance of considering geopolitical environment for international companies. For that reason in my thesis I had to collect the real cases and problems, met by different companies to show the intelligible necessity for business leaders, and especially leaders of global companies in wise geopolitical maneuvering.
11
Herbert-Burns, Rupert. "Petroleum geopolitics : a framework of analysis". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4035.
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The playing field upon which actors, both state and non-state, develop strategies to secure existing supplies of oil and seek access to new ones is as systemically, politically and strategically complex is as it is geographically vast. In considering this activity, the terminology used by pundits and journalists to describe the significance of issues such as oil demand, the complexities of access to petroleum and concerns over security threats to supplies of oil is familiar. Juxtapositions such as the ‘geopolitics of oil', ‘energy geopolitics', the ‘geopolitics of resource wars' and the ‘geopolitics of oil and gas' are all familiar. But what do they mean when they use ‘geopolitics' in this context? Thus, by extension, can petroleum geopolitics - a hybrid conceptual construction used in this thesis - be disassembled into its component parts, analysed and systematically understood. This is the aim of this thesis. This thesis contends that the very nature of oil and gas reserves, the processes of exploration and production, and the means that govern and characterise the transportation of petroleum overland and by sea is inherently geopolitical - that some core features of geopolitical theory and key geopolitical concepts are pivotal in determining the ontology and process of the international oil business. Indeed, so central has oil been to the advancement of industrial capacity, technology, warfare, transportation and economic prosperity of states since the 20th century, it could be argued that petroleum is the single largest determinant of the geopolitics that characterises the modern international system. In order to address the interrelationship and correlations between core aspects of the petroleum industry and causal geopolitical phenomena, I begin by advancing a framework of analysis that systematically binds key geopolitical features and concepts – specifically: Spatial Phenomena; Environmental Ontology; Territorial Access; Geopolitical Features; State and Non-state Concepts; and, Strategic Resources and Geopolitics - with examples of empirical findings revealed in subsequent chapters in the thesis. Fundamentally, this process works to assess causality and correlations between geopolitical phenomena such as space and distance, sovereignty, territory, boundaries, chokepoints, resource nationalism, transnationalism, resource security and conflict, and the features and processes inherent in petroleum reserves and the exploration, production and transportation of oil and gas. The framework is followed with a sequential analysis of the three empirical foci of the project: the ontology of oil and natural gas reserves; the planning and processes of exploration and production; and, the processes of the conveyance petroleum. I have concentrated my research to activities within Eurasia, which comprises the traditional continents of Europe and Asia, and the Indo-Pacific maritime realm, which extends eastwards from the Red Sea to the western Pacific Rim. After systematically assessing the empirical findings and examining key areas of geopolitical theory, I conclude that there is an identifiable and logical correlation between geopolitical phenomena, petroleum reserves, and the means to produce and distribute oil and gas between source and market.
12
Arinc, Ibrahim Said. "The natural gas geopolitics of Turkey". Thesis, Durham University, 2014. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10837/.
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This thesis investigates the natural gas geopolitics of Turkey and explores its interaction with the Turkish foreign policy making of the Justice and Development Party (JDP). Whilst Turkey does not have enough indigenous natural gas reserves to meet the existing and growing demand, the country does have great advantages, as it is located between the major supplier countries in the Middle East and Eurasia and is placed at the crossroads of an energy hungry European natural gas market. Therefore, the major aim of this research is to explore capacity building in the creation of relationships of interdependence between Turkey and supplier and demanding countries. Rather than introducing a dependency energy mechanism, this thesis offers the interaction capacity of the country with natural gas suppliers and consuming countries. In order to explain the relationship between politics and energy variables, the thesis establishes the theoretical framework of the study through the use of a pluralistic and integrated model, by combining International Relations Theories, the foreign policy making process of Turkey and a conceptualisation of the relations of energy interdependence. The descriptive analysis of Eurasia and the energy profile of Turkey provide detailed information about the existing energy trade and dependency relations in the Eurasian space. Hence, it explains the importance of Turkey in Europe’s diversification of energy corridors and Turkey’s natural gas market, which is considered to be the second biggest market in Europe. The significance and role of Turkey in the construction of pipeline projects (ITGI, TANAP, Nabucco, Nabucco-West and TAP) that go through Turkey to Europe, a route which is called the Southern Corridor, are analysed in the thesis. On the other hand, this thesis offers certain perspectives for the Caspian-Turkey-Europe natural gas corridor, focusing on Azerbaijan-Turkmenistan’s role in the natural gas trade for the energy security of Europe. Moreover, the natural gas potential of Iran, Iraq (including KRG), Qatar, Egypt and Israel, Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan are viewed as major natural gas sources for Turkey and Europe in this thesis. Turkey has historical and economic ties with the Caspian Sea and Middle East regions, which hold immense natural gas reserves that can be marketed to Turkey and to the European Union (EU). Mapping Turkey’s energy relations with consuming and producing countries, and defining Turkey’s geopolitical space, will not only help to develop its energy policy to secure its own energy consumption but also to manage interdependence relations between Eurasia and Europe. This is a new conceptualisation of energy supply and transit management of Turkey in the context of a new model called the Anatolian Gas Centre (AGS).
13
Gokmen, Semra Rana. "Geopolitics And The Study Of International Relations". Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612289/index.pdf.
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This study seeks to examine the main theories and theorists of geopolitical imagining and argue for an intrinsic relation between traditional geopolitics and the development of international relations both in theory and practice. By doing so the study aims to pursue an assessment of the insights of critical geopolitics, as reflected in the works of John Agnew, Geraróid Ó
Tuathail (Gerard Toal), Simon Dalby, Klaus Dodds and others, for the theory of IR, more specifically its dominant paradigm realism. The aim of this study, in other words, is to identify and describe the geopolitical assumptions that have led IR theory to turn out to be &bdquo
realist
14
Zolin, Nicola <1984>. "The Geopolitics of water in the Himalayas". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/7350.
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The competition over the water resources of the Himalayan plateau is shaping the geopolitics of the Asian continent. Economic growth, industrialisation, pollution and growing population have created an unprecedented water-stress on the world’s driest continent. Water shortages have created geopolitical tensions and intensified competition over the resources of the transboundary rivers such as the Ganges, Indus, Brahmaputra and Amu Darya. This research examines the international relations amongst the countries where these rivers flow and the challenges that arise from friction over water resources, taking the Brahmaputra as a case study.
15
Aghayeva, Elnara <1997>. "The Arctic in the center of geopolitics". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/20737.
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This thesis focuses on geopolitics in the Arctic. It examines international interests in the Arctic and discusses the growing interest and development of governance and cooperation in the region. The thesis aims to study the consequences of this growing interest of the parties and geopolitics in the Arctic, by studying not only the behavior of states, but also international organizations in the region. Based on recent trends, it can be seen that the Arctic Council is not fully coping with all the changes in the Arctic. The key reason for the growing interest is the melting of ice, which facilitates the extraction of oil and gas, as well as alternative sea shipping routes. The aim is to provide an overview of current and possible future events from the point of view of theories of international relations and to make an assumption about the likelihood of a military conflict in the region. In the Arctic, there are some contradictions that push the question of the future of the region. To assess the situation in the Arctic, the theories of international relations were used - Realism, Neorealism, Liberalism and Institutional Liberalism.
In my thesis I attempt to give answers on three research questions:
How the Arctic is seen in theoretical prism? Here I tried to analyze the region from the point view of international relations theories and the region was considered from the prism of realism, neorealism,liberalism and neoliberal institutionalism. The data collected showed that there are strong features of liberalism in international Arctic politics, since the development of relations is based on cooperation.Neorealism theory is also good for explaining the behavior of countries in the region,but this alone is not enough.
Is a military conflict possible?Another goal is to determine the likelihood of military conflicts in the region through analysis.During the study it was revealed that there are some factors in the region that can create tension: the presence of controversial issues about the boundaries of the shelf zones,disputes over the sovereignty of sea routes,and militarization of the region.Despite that fact that theoretically the conditions for an Arctic conflict exist,most experts believe that the likelihood of a conflict is extremely small.Therefore,it was concluded that the start of a major war in the region is rather unlikely.
What are challenges and opportunities of the region? I will try to analyze which scenarios will be more likely to become the future of the Arctic. Seven scenarios: Norway and the Arctic, China and the Arctic, Arctic today, USA and the Arctic, Russia and the Arctic, Canada and the Arctic, Denmark and the Arctic. According to the analysis, the countries are interested in cooperation, but they act in their own interests in the region, which is contradiction.The influence of the states in the Arctic depends on their military and economic capabilities. Of the seven scenarios presented, four are identified as the most probable:The Arctic region today,The Arctic and the United States,The Arctic and Norway and The Arctic and China.The Arctic and the US scenario is considered one of the most likely as the region becomes international and the US seeks to control the sea routes.The Arctic today scenario is also considered one of the most likely,since the competition and the desire for influence in the region will not decrease.
Today the region is dominated by Russia and if it gets the areas it claims in the Arctic, NATO's influence will weaken.The most likely scenarios were Arctic and Norway and China and the Arctic.China is actively cooperating in the region with the Arctic countries,as well as building its own fleet; interested in developing the region and is actively developing cooperation with Norway and Russia.The Arctic and Norway scenario is possible if the UN and NATO support Norway on the Svalbard issue.Given that the UN supports Norway in expanding its territories,this scenario can be real
16
Thompson, Sive. "Turkey: the shifting horizon of Regional Turkey’s geopolitics and identity in light of european energy needs - emboldened geopolitical player". Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/3257.
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Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa, como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Relações Internacionais com o Mundo Árabe e IslâmicoThe objective of this thesis is to examine whether Turkey has managed to become an emboldened geopolitical player in recent times. Since the end of the Cold War the global geopolitical situation experienced a reshuffling of priorities, directions and regions of interest. The energy question rapidly moved up the list. Energy is crucially important to the western developed world and is of ever increasing importance to the developing world. The European Union, along with other western powers, is aware of the need to secure energy supply for the future. The strategic location of Turkey combined with its relationship with Europe has made it the central player in this game. Yet, this is not the only facet to the question. Turkey holds in its hand the key to the energy gateway of Central Asia and the Middle East. To what extent is Turkey pushing its geopolitical limits in order to form bonds, improve relations and foster cooperation to make itself into an emboldened geopolitical power on the world stage? O objectivo desta tese é o de avaliar se a Turquia se terá conseguido tornar um player geopolítico fortalecido nos tempos mais recentes. Desde o fim da Guerra Fria, a situação geopolítica experienciou uma reestruturação na ordem de prioridades. Assim, a questão energética rapidamente ascendeu naquela lista. A energia é essencial para o mundo ocidental e desenvolvido, sendo de uma crescente importância para o mundo em desenvolvimento. A União Europeia, tal como outras potências ocidentais, está consciente da necessidade de assegurar, para o futuro, o fornecimento de energia. A localização da Turquia, combinada com o seu relacionamento com a Europa, tornam-na num jogador central neste jogo. Contudo, esta não é a única faceta nesta questão. A Turquia detém a chave da porta de entrada da energia da Ásia Central e do Médio Oriente. Até que ponto estará a Turquia a forçar os seus limites geopolíticos de forma a criar laços, melhorar relações e promover cooperação de maneira a tornar-se uma potência geopolítica fortalecida no palco mundial?
17
Atkinson, David A. "Geopolitics and the geographical imagination in Fascist Italy". Thesis, Loughborough University, 1995. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10383.
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The thesis provides a critical history of the Italian geopolitical movement of the interwar period and especially its journal Geopolitica (l939-1942). The discourse is situated amidst the wider contexts of the inter-war debates surrounding geopolitics and our anglophone histories of this episode. Similarly, the movement is positioned within the political, academic and cultural contexts of Fascist Italy and the cultures of Italian geography in this era. Substantial chapters consider the origins and development of geopolitical ideas as they-were re-negotiated in Fascist Italy; the regime's promotion of an Italian geographical imagination and its consequent support for Geopolitica; and the programme of Geopolitica itself. The.cartography of the journal, its representations of colonial space in Africa and its analysis of the Mediterranean and Balkan regions are also addressed at length. Finally, the various contestations of geopolitics and its key terms are rehearsed, as is the journal's probable impact and its eventual closure. The legacies and histories ofthis episode are briefly considered.
18
O'Reilly, John G. "The regional geopolitics of the Strait of Gibraltar". Thesis, Durham University, 1988. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6688/.
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Security of passage of the Strait of Gibraltar is an imperative for the world community. To achieve this, there must be stability on the northern and southern shores of the Strait. Peace in the region is currently threatened by the "creeping jurisdiction" which both Spain and Morocco wish to exert over the waters of the Strait. Other factors which threaten stability are the historical rivalry which exists between Spain and the Islamic southern shore; the legacy of disputed sovereignty in the Crown Colony of Gibraltar and the Spanish Plazas in North Africa; the economic divide betwen the EC and Maghreb along the Strait axis; and the possible threat of militant Islam. Contentions also exist between Morocco and Algeria, eg the Western Saharan War. The re-establishment of a strong "power hierarchy" in the area must be supported by such international instruments as the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982). The Crown Colony and the Spanish Plazas must be decolonized once Spain is firmly integrated into the EC and NATO, and once Morocco has reached a level of economic and political development that is condusive to closer ties with Western institutions.
19
Msiska, Kondwani Albert. "Southern Africa geopolitics : paradoxes and fallacies of development". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358904.
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20
Kraak, Eelke Pieter. "Dams of Damocles : between rivers, states, and geopolitics". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0e9cc070-905e-4eb3-930d-40d0e2c8d98c.
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Theories of transboundary water politics have failed to explain the status quo in many river basins: fragile political relations between riparian states and nationalist domestic politics, as well as weak regional institutions and huge economic inefficiencies – but also an absence of wars over water. This is due to an uncritical approach to scale, power, and geopolitics. It is the purpose of this thesis to address these conceptual gaps by critically evaluating the multiple relationships between the logic of large dams and the politics of international rivers. The meaning of dams, the politics of their operation and construction, and their impact on international relations are much more ambiguous, opaque and complex than existing explanations have suggested so far. In turn, their logic influences, competes with, and contradicts the logic of river basin governance. Dams produce alternative spaces of development, energy, and state power that complement or are superimposed on existing spaces of riparian cooperation. This thesis argues that the contradictions between these spaces explains the geopolitical limbo of many international rivers in the developing world. Drawing from Foucault’s governmentality theory, the literature of critical geopolitics, and post-structural approaches to spatial scale the case-oriented research design of this thesis evaluates two geopolitical processes in contentious transboundary river basins: the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on the Nile and the operation of the Toktogul Dam in the Kyrgyz stretch of the Syr Darya River. By unpacking these processes, this thesis makes three substantial contributions to existing scholarship. Firstly, it is argued that regional river basin management is essentially a geopolitical project that contradicts the geo-economic imperatives of the dam. Secondly, power and agency in water politics is diffused far beyond the nation-state and can be understood in terms of “network effects”. Thirdly, to marry the concerns of the geopolitical and the geo-economic, I propose that the contrasting logics give rise to “geopolitical entrepreneurs” – actors who use geopolitics for wealth accumulation, legitimacy, nation-building, and other ends. While dams may provide power, wealth, and authority an allegorical Sword of Damocles is let down on the riparians.
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Dodds, Klaus-John. "Critical geopolitics and the writing of foreign policy". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/54c2c69d-717d-4def-ba92-eff80f4d13c6.
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Devine, Michael J. "Territorial Madness: Spain, Geopolitics, and the American Revolution". W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625926.
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Kopp, Vojtěch. "Aktuální problémy evropské energetické politiky". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-5347.
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The thesis deals with the major issues facing the European energy policy: the liberalisation of energy markets, security of supply and combating the climate change. After a short description of the history of this policy comes the explanation why the energy issues have become so important for the EU in recent years (oil thirst of the emerging markets, rise of Putin's Russia, climate change). The next chapter focuses on EU's response to these challenges, focusing on Barroso's Commision agenda. Apart from this, there is an analysis of major stakeholders' reactions concerning the recent legislation (Energy packages). However, the main part of the thesis tries to point at the discrepancies between the "official" policy as pronounced at the EU summits and the actual state of things. Major lagging behind can be found in areas such as the extent to which the external energy policy is successful (relations with Russia), the questionable impacts of subsidising biofuels or the slow implementation of energy market directives.
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Karimov, Dilshodjon. "Národní model socálně-ekonomického rozvoje Uzbekistánu a spolupráce se zeměmi Evropské unnie". Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76767.
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The presented dissertation is devoted to the problems of transition economy efficient functioning of Uzbekistan based on the Uzbek model of economic reforms and distinctive futures, and factors which are impacting to form national models: mentality, religion and confessional orientation, integration and participation in the world community, national treasure and political structure of government, geopolitical and economical situation, communication, culture and tradition. The key problems, such as reaching macroeconomic stability and social orientation of economy, strengthening plural economy, integration of Uzbekistan to the world community are discussed in the theme. Economic reforms in Uzbekistan begun due to real opportunities of national economy and mentality of the nation. National construction model of the economic reform of Uzbekistan relied on the principal positions such as social orientation, problem solution of economic stabilization, macroeconomic increase, economic regulations based on market principle, liberalization of economy by minimization of government control ("invisible hand"), keeping the government to play an active role in solving social problems and having a chance to select potential foreign investment. World economy and international policy come out in the united block, changing with places as the subject and the object. Thus, international economic relation represent by itself the alloy of the economy and policy, brought to the level of adoption and realization of the administrative solutions and rivalry in modern world, determination of forms and methods of development and improvement of the market economy, that became an important factor of social development and solution of the crucial problems of economic and social progress. Taking into consideration all these, the work is built by the logic and contemporary principles of international economic relations. The dissertation begins with the introduction part, where the importance of the theme is substantiated, the purposes and tasks are formulated, the object is selected, and the subjects of experiment, scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance of work is reflected; continuing the study with the further main parts of the dissertation that analyze and evaluate the key problems to be solved. It is formed taking into account the logical sequence of the theme and solution of both theoretical and systematic problems of the formation and reformation under the contemporary conditions. The first part of the dissertation, under the title: "Theoretical-methodological bases of the national model of the economic reforms of Uzbekistan", analyses the survey of the international experience of transition into the market relations, and also special features, principles and stages of forming the national model of Uzbekistan. In part "Foreign economic policy of Uzbekistan - the mechanism of their realization" the special features of commercial and economic reformation, change in principles and priorities of foreign economic policy, their interrelation taking into account by world financial and economic crisis are investigated. The third part assesses the geopolitical situation, prospects for the development of collaboration and strategy of the European Union towards the CA region and evaluates the significance of Afghanistan. In the further part "Uzbekistan and the European states: priorities and directions of their collaboration", the export relations of the republic with the European Union countries is investigated, and also the future prospect for the development of collaboration is evaluated. To conclude the main challenges of transition economy of the country on the base of Uzbek model of economic reforms are identified and the proposals are formulated, that occurred as a result of a study. It is necessary to point out that the years of independence became the time of the active entry of Uzbekistan into the international arena, the dynamic conduction of independent policy. The collaboration of young Uzbek state with the countries of Europe with the qualitatively new content was filled. Being located in the heart of central Asia, sovereign Uzbekistan actively participates in the European program of strengthening stability and safety in Europe and Asia, strengthening democratic values. Commercial and economic, political, cultural and scientific connections consecutively deepen. They contribute in forming and development of the democratic state with free market economy in Uzbekistan, steady integration of the country into the world community, to increase its respect, significance and authority in the international arena.
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Gater, Thomas. "Pharmaceutical Security in South Africa: Law and Medical Geopolitics". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5273_1274376650.
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The study focuses on the political and economic geographies of pharmaceutical delivery. In 1997 the South African government passed the Medicines and Related Substances Control Amendment Act, sparking outrage from both the local and international pharmaceutical industry, and resulting in court action in 2001. The industry believed that South Africa was in breach of its obligations under international intellectual property law. Those fighting for pharmaceutical security hoped the court case would be a &lsquo
landmark&rsquo
in the global campaign for equitable access to medicines. This investigation seeks to analyse the domestic and international legacy of the court action. The inquiry takes its significance from the high prevalence rates of treatable diseases and the need for pharmaceutical security in South Africa and its neighbouring African countries. The absence of a sustainable international medicines delivery system is a global political, economic and moral failure. A solution is required that balances the positive productive forces of the market with a philosophy of justice and equity.
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Mayell, Peter J. "Conflict as contradiction : a critical geopolitics of international conflict". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9271.
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The conflict research subdiscipline within international relations commonly distinguishes international conflict between nation-states from civil war within nation-states. By regarding conflict research as a state-centric geopolitical discourse the thesis challenges this categorisation because (1) of the many links and therefore blurry practical distinction between the two, and (2) stateless nations can be involved in conflict with other nations, thus constituting an 'international' conflict. To overcome this problem an alternative, nation-centric critical geopolitics of international conflict is proposed. In this way the thesis aims to extend both conflict research and critical geopolitics. To do this the critique utilises recent literature on the contemporary conceptualisation of nation and nationalism to argue against the conventional conflation of nation and state and to reconstruct the adjective "international". Recognising that nations can exist without also being states enables the conceptualisation of international, and when such nations come into conflict, either with other stateless nations or nations that are states, this becomes 'international conflict'. This typology allows for conventional 'international' conflict, or rather inter-state conflict, by distinguishing between ethnic and official nations.
The theoretical argument is reinforced by consideration of an empirical case study, that of the Kurds of the Middle East. The Kurds are presented as a distinct and unique stateless nation, the largest in the world, in conflict with the Persian (Iran), Arab (Iraq), and Turkish (Turkey) nations that surround them. The case study is undertaken through analysis of the Kurds and their national homeland of Kurdistan at the local, Middle Eastern, and global scales, each demonstrating in different ways the divergence of nation and state and, in the case of the latter two discussions, an example of an international conflict.
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Lockhart, Paul G. "Geopolitics, Borders, and Federalism: Challenges for Post-War Iraq". TopSCHOLAR®, 2014. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1443.
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The fall of the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I enabled the victorious Western powers to implement the Sykes-Picot Treaty and reshape the geopolitical structure of the Middle East. The imposition of arbitrary borders on the Middle East region, specifically the state of Iraq, would lead to significant conflicts over the course of the 20th century. In 2003, a US-led invasion would further compound the instability and sectarian conflict within Iraq by completely dismantling the state. In the years after the invasion, the United States has been directly involved unsuccessfully in trying to rebuild and stabilize the state of Iraq.
The goal of this study is to propose and analyze four options for the future geopolitical structure of Iraq that, by design, could maintain the current geopolitical borders and possibly contribute to stability in the Middle East. A qualitative approach that examines the benefits of different models of government is used to identify themes that may apply to the state of Iraq, Because adoption of any of the proposed options depends on choices that must be made by the Iraqi government, this thesis presents only a theoretical argument about the country’s likely future.
It is my contention that the most likely route to achieving long-term political stability within Iraq is implementation of a federalist model of government that resembles the Swiss model. The Swiss model provides a framework to create ethnic tolerance through specific power devolution, internal cooperation, and conflict resolution between the different tribal and ethnic groups within each region, and external cooperation and adjudication of issues between the regions and the central government.
This study’s results show that the different options analyzed all have positive and negative characteristics. The three-region Swiss model provided an exceptional framework and addressed a number of Iraq’s problems, but elements of the other models could be implemented into the three-region model to create a more stable state. Further analysis is needed to determine the best model of government to stabilize Iraq.
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Ross, Christopher Nicholas. "Lord Curzon, the 'Persian question', and geopolitics, 1888-1921". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609030.
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Karagiannis, Emmanuel. "The geopolitics of oil transportation in the Caucasus Region". Thesis, University of Hull, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310322.
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Mott, Christopher Douglas. "The formless empire : the evolution of indigenous Eurasian geopolitics". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5149.
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This dissertation seeks to make a unique contribution to the study of geopolitics and empire in Central Asia by focusing on both the indigenous developments of grand strategies and their legacies by examining several key points in the history of the region's geopolitics in order to determine the peculiar and specific nature of regional geopolitical evolution, and how its basic concepts can be understood using such a locally based framework. By putting the focus on several key concepts which hold steady through major societal and technological upheavals, as well as foreign incursion and both the inward and outward migrations, which together create the conditions which I have dubbed ‘The Formless Empire', it is possible to see the elements of a regional and homegrown tradition of grand strategy and geopolitical thinking which is endemic to the area of Inner Eurasia, even as this concept adapts from a totality of political policy to merely frontier and military policy over the course of time. This indigenous concept of grand strategy encompasses political, military, and diplomatic aspects utilizing the key concepts of strategic mobility, and flexible or indirect governance. These political power systems originated in their largest incarnations amongst the nomadic people of the steppe and other people commonly considered peripheral in history, but who in a Central Asian context were the original centerpieces of regional politics until technological changes led to their eclipse by the big sedentary powers such as Russia and China. However, even these well-established states took elements of ‘The Formless Empire' into their policies (if largely relegated to frontiers, the military, and a few informal relationships alone) and therefore the influence of the region's past still lingers on in different forms in the present.
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Karataş, Ömer Osman. "Projecting turkey’s power with the understanding of popular geopolitics". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12782.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Estratégiaobjectivo desta tese é o de responder à seguinte questão: Como projecta a Turquia o seu poder através do conceito da “geopolitica popular”? Esta tese projecta esta questão nas ferramentas geopoliticas populares da Turquia. Examina até que ponto estas ferramentas são utilizadas para a prosperiadade deste país. Irei explorar esta fenómeno, através da analise de differentes fontes como: Canais de televisão turcos (TRT, Kanal D, Star TV and Fox TV), series de televisão turcos (Silver (Gumus), The Magnificent Century (Muhtesem Yuzyil), 1001 Nights (Binbir Gece) and Resurrection of Ertugrul (Dirilis Ertugrul), filmes turcos ((The Valley of the Wolfs – Iraq and Nuri Bilge Ceylan’s films) e cultura popular turca (musica e desporto). Serão analizados os seus efeitos e a maneira como contribuem para a geopolitica popular da Turquia.
This thesis aims to answer the following question: How does Turkey project its power through the concept of "popular geopolitics"? I project this question onto the tools of Turkey’s popular geopolitics. The thesis examines to which extent these tools are used for the prosperity of this country. Such is explored through an examination of different sources such as Turkish TV Channels (TRT, Kanal D, Star TV and Fox TV), Turkish TV series (Silver (Gumus), The Magnificent Century (Muhtesem Yuzyil), 1001 Nights (Binbir Gece) and Resurrection of Ertugrul (Dirilis Ertugrul), Turkish films (The Valley of the Wolfs – Iraq and Nuri Bilge Ceylan’s films) and popular culture elements (music & sports) of Turkey. Their effects and the ways in which they contribute to popular geopolitics of Turkey will be analyzed.
N/A
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Mirzoyan, Alla. "Armenia's Foreign Policy, 1991-2004: Between History and Geopolitics". FIU Digital Commons, 2007. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/68.
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This dissertation is the first systematic study of Armenia’s foreign policy during the post-independence period, between 1991 and 2004. It argues that a small state’s foreign policy is best understood when looking at the regional level. Armenia’s geographic proximity to Iran, Russia and Turkey, places it in an area of heightened geopolitical interest by various great powers. This dissertation explores four sets of relationships with Armenia’s major historical ‘partners’: Russia, Iran, Turkey and the West (Europe and the United States). Each relationship reveals a complex reality of a continuous negotiation between ideas of history, collective memory, nationalism and geopolitics. A detailed study of Armenia’s relations with these powers demonstrates how actors’ relations of amity and enmity are formed to constitute a regional security complex. Turkey represents the ultimate “other”, while both Europe and Iran are seen as ideational “others”, whose role in Armenia’s foreign policy, aside from pragmatic policy considerations, reflects a normative quest. Russia and the United States, on the other hand, represent the powerful structural forces that define the regional security complex, in which Armenia operates. This dissertation argues that although Armenia has been severely constrained in certain foreign policy choices, it was adept at carving a space for action that privileged the issue of Nagorno-Karabakh over other geopolitical imperatives.
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Gokmen, Mahmut. "The Geopolitics of U.S.-Turkey Bilateral Relations, 1947-2006". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1206930547.
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Readinger, Charles C. "Taming the frontier a myth of impossibility /". Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Mar/10Mar%5FReadinger.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Middle East, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2010.Thesis Advisor(s): Kapur,S. Paul. Second Reader: Khan, Feroz H. "March 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 21, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pashtun, Islamist Militancy in Pakistan, South Asian Geopolitics, British Policy in the Frontier. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-92). Also available in print.
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Andersen, Sigrid de Mendonça. "Geopolitics and ecology in Brazil (1964-1985) : the effects of Brazilian geopolitics on the natural environments of Amazonia and the Plata River Basin". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2005. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=202369.
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This thesis examines the relationship between geopolitics and ecology in Brazil. It attempts to demonstrate that Brazilian geopolitical thinking, which was responsible for guiding most development plans of the Brazilian military regime (1964-1985), has been crucial in defining the type, pace and scale of deforestation and environmental degradation in Brazil. The geopolitical attempts to force Brazil into the capitalist world-system and to enable it to achieve the status of a regional power in Latin America, saw the political use of territory and the application of special territorial policies cause sudden and dramatic changes to the natural environment, with profound regional consequences. The thesis seeks to explore the contention that by planning and occupying Brazil’s geographical space on geopolitical principles, military governments neglected Brazil’s ecological space or purposively changed it to achieve national political interests. The occupation of Brazilian Amazonia and the Plata river basin, two macro-regions of major geopolitical and ecological significance are the two case studies selected to consider these concepts. The occupation of Brazilian Amazonia is shown to represent the incorporation of valuable natural resources into Brazil’s economic development to build “Great Brazil” but also included schemes to foster territorial integration and a defensive strategy against its “internationalisation”. In the Plata basin, the construction of the Itaipu hydroelectric power plant and the expansion of the Brazilian “mobile frontiers” in the hinterland of the continent are shown to represent an offensive strategy by Brazil to gain hegemony over the southern continent against its rival Argentina. Both geopolitical operations had strong environmental consequences in Amazonia and the Plata river basin, two internationally shared ecosystems. In the Brazilian Amazonia, geopolitics neglected the ecological space. In the Plata basin it was purposively altered to achieve national political interests. Environmental consequences have also affected Paraguay. The thesis compares the main differences between Brazilian geopolitical thinking and the ecological paradigm in the planning, development and management of Brazil’s territory. The identification of diverging points attempts to explain the roots, of conflicts. It concludes by describing the challenges that these two macro-regions will face in the new geopolitical arena of the twenty-first century and the environmental problems involved.
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Lind, Jennifer. "Securing Asian Energy Investments: Geopolitics and Implications for Business Strategy". MIT-Japan Program, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9566.
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Burton, Kerry. "Re-presenting geopolitics : ethnography, social movement activism, and nonviolent geographies". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3607.
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This thesis starts from the premise that Geopolitics is performative, an iterative discourse “of visualising global space…reproduced in the governing principles of geographic thought and through the practices of statecraft” (Agnew 1998:11). During the last decade, two dominant discourses have shaped the contemporary geopolitical imagination – the ‘war on terror’ and ‘climate change’. These have steered conceptualisations of security and insecurity - performative iterations of who, where, and what poses a threat. The resulting geopolitical picture of the world has enabled the legitimisation of human and geographical domination – an acceptance of geographical norms that enable the continuation of uneven geographies. The research is concerned with the performative spaces of alternative geopolitics; spaces that emerge where nonviolent social movement activism and geopolitics intersect and the sites through which these are practiced and mediated. The motivations are twofold. The first is a desire to intervene in a critical geopolitical discourse that remains biased toward engagement with violent geographies. The second is to take seriously ‘geopolitics from below’, alternative geographical imaginations. I address the first of these through research that is concerned primarily with the spacing of nonviolence – the performed and performative spaces of nonviolent geographies shaped through a politics of the act. The second is approached through substantial empirical engagement with social movement activists and sites of contention and creation in opposition to dominant environmental geopolitics. ‘Militant’ ethnographic research took place over six months in 2009. It traced the journeys of two groups as they organised for, and took part in, large counter-summit mobilisations. The first was a UK based social movement, the Camp for Climate Action (UK). The second was an intercontinental caravan, the Trade to Climate Caravan. Both groups shared a common aim – to converge on the 16th of December in a mass demonstration of nonviolent confrontation; the ‘People’s Assembly’, to contest dominant discourses being performed inside the intergovernmental United Nations Conference of the Parties 15. Social movement groups from around the world would present alternative narratives of insecurity and offer ‘alternative solutions’ garnered through non-hierarchical forms of decision-making. The research followed the route each group took to the People’s Assembly and the articulations (narrative and practices) of nonviolent action.
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rinder, Singh Narinder Singh. "Water scarcity in the Maltese Islands : geopolitics and management issues". Thesis, Durham University, 1997. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4721/.
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The Maltese Islands have a history of water resource problems. A high proportion of the Maltese population has suffered over the past few years from water scarcity caused mainly by: (a) a shortage in water production and escalating water demands; (b) rising salinity levels in groundwater and tap water; (c) an undersized and deteriorating distribution system; and (d) increasing levels of groundwater pollution. There is a spatial variation in the intensity of these problems. They are greatest in the south of Malta and it has been suggested that this is due to geopolitical, as well as social, economic and physical, factors. This inequity in water supply has, for many years, been blamed on the politicisation of water. The causes of the water problems are presented and the problems, themselves, are analysed. The link between the water problems and the politicisation of water and conflicts over water resources, is established and discussed. Finally, solutions, through water management and future planned developments, are presented. Social and geopolitical information was gathered mainly through qualitative interviews with water consumers, water suppliers, decision makers, academics and members of non-Governmental organisations, in Malta. Quantitative data on hydrology and the entire water management system was collected and analysed. An extensive literary search to support the physical, social, economic and geopolitical aspects of the research and to obtain legal information, was also undertaken. In conclusion, although the water problems have been enhanced by unsustainable management, they are a part of a wider geopolitical problem, especially the inequitable water supply. In particular, settlements with an affiliation to the political party in Government are better supplied than settlements that support the Opposition. In addition, water conflicts, at all scales, arise due to water scarcity and a lack or absence of water sharing regulations and, of course, human nature.
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Sammler, Katherine Genevieve, i Katherine Genevieve Sammler. "National Governance of Offshore Volumes: Challenging Geometries, Geopolitics and Geophysicalities". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621449.
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This dissertation explores the challenges posed by the materialities of oceans and other extraterritorial spaces to state capture and capital development. Utilizing theories emerging political geographers surrounding vertical and volume components of territory and theoretical engagements with materiality of non-terrestrial spaces, this research seeks to investigate entanglements of the geopolitical and geophysical in constructing and practicing (re)interpretations of territory and sovereignty, power and space. A focus on New Zealand and the South Pacific serves to unravel these cross scalar, dynamic categories of national territory and sovereignty in relation to the emerging political and social constructions of the deep sea, sea level, and air space, as well as the blurred and shifting boundaries of each. Contextualizing historical and regional contingencies of the spatial organizations of maritime space, this dissertation seeks to open up new ocean imaginaries and ontologies by making explicit the material, technical and political constructions that produce offshore territories.
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Rinaldi, Juan. "Art and geopolitics : politics and autonomy in Argentine contemporary art". Thesis, Kingston University, 2013. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/26287/.
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This thesis critically analyses the implications of a now global capitalist modernity for Theodor W. Adorno's theory of art. The thesis takes as its starting point the sociological presuppositions at play in his social theory and problematises the spatial and historical dimensions in which they are embedded. The analysis of the process of homogenisation of social relations that Adorno presents as a constitutive feature of societies during monopoly capitalism brings to the fore the centrality of the state as administrator. This thesis claims that there is a spatial contradiction in Adorno's definition of society, given that the interconnectedness of capitalism as a system is negated by the restriction of that definition to industrialised societies. In other words, there is a universalisation of the particularity of industrialised societies underlying Adorno's social theory, that hides a functionalist understanding of the state and disavows its constitutive character for capitalist social relations. The introduction of an analysis of the particularity of the state in latin American societies serves as a counterpoint to the societies analysed by Adorno. latin American societies are analysed from the point of view of Dependency Theory, particularly in relation to Henrique Cardoso's and Enzo Faletto's concept of dependent development. This concept allows a further differentiation internal to latin American societies and problematises the common assumption that structural heterogeneity is a key concept for understanding these societies. Consequently, the thesis focuses its analysis on the socio-economic and political situation of the societies in the Southern Cone of South America, particularly Argentina, given their relative social homogenisation during the 1960s. The thesis claims that contrary to Adorno's assumption that capitalist social development destroys collective subjectivities while producing homogenisation, the Southern Cone societies show that development and relative social homogenisation in contexts of dependency do not necessarily produce political neutralisation but rather its opposite. The problematisation of Adorno's social theory is further complicated by the historical development of capitalism during neoliberalism. The decoupling of the spatial grounding of the relation between capital and labour constituted during monopoly capitalism is presented from the point of view of the radical transformation of Argentine society from the mid-1970s onwards. The thesis introduced the concept of the 'destruction of the social' in reference to the central role that the process of accumulation by dispossession, as theorised by David Harvey, has for the transformation of Argentina. Given this expanded global context, the thesis then discusses the effects that the transformation of the relation between capital and labour has for the conditions of production of artistic labour during neoliberalism. In particular, it claims that the 'developmentalist' dynamic that aligns technological development, industrialisation and artistic material in Adorno's concept of the new, has been problematised by the primacy of financial valorisation as a form of accumulation, and the dynamic role that accumulation by dispossession has in it. The emergence of a globally expanded labour theory of culture is analysed in relation to the contemporary art produced in Argentina between the late 1960s and the 2000s. The relation between the socially regressive tendencies developed during this period and artistic technique is analysed throguh the introduction of the notion of the 'return to craft.'
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Ward, Shelby Elise. "Strange(r) Maps: The cosmopolitan geopolitics of Sri Lankan tourism". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/88985.
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Concerned with the ongoing coloniality within the form and interactions of international relations, this project examines the legacy of colonial mapping practices on contemporary geopolitics. Specifically, I investigate Sri Lankan tourist maps as subversive examples of the politics of vision implicated within the historical formation of island-space under colonial mapping practices (i.e. Portuguese, Dutch, and British), and the contemporary political implications of the island geography as the state, including exclusionary identity politics during the the civil war (1983-2009). Using a mix-analysis approach, including interviews, participatory mapping, and autoethnography, as well as feminist, postcolonial, and critical theoretical lenses, I argue that Sri Lankan tourist maps serve as examples of the historically developed and continued right to space, mobility, representation, and resources between the Global North and South in what I term "cosmopolitan geopolitics." As geopolitics can be identified as the relationship between territories and resources, cosmopolitan geopolitics is concerned with the power relations when such elements as culture, authenticity, history, and religion are marked in places, people, and experiences as valued resources within the international tourist economy, particularly in this project which connects the colonial histories of mapping, travel, and international relations. In order to address the imperial, masculine politics of vision this project is separated into two parts: the first is concerned with the ontology and colonial legacy the map (Chapters 1-3), the second with the politics of the map, including exclusionary politics of the nation state (Chapters 4-6). Chapter 1 investigates the politics of island space as represented on the tourist map, where the state serves as both a "treasure box" and "caged problem." Chapter 2 argues that the cartoon images and icons serve as a resource map for contemporary geopolitics, and Chapter 3 indicates that this map simultaneously acts an invitation to the cosmopolitan, with assumed access and hospitality. Examining the various ways that the exclusionary politics of the Sinhala-Buddhist state are implicated in the representations on the tourist map, Chapters 4-6 look at cultural tourist sites, natural or wildlife sites, and former war zones, respectively. Overall, this is an interdisciplinary examination between postcolonial studies, critical tourism studies, critical geography, and Sri Lankan studies that examines the continued politics of vision and access to space with both international and domestic political-economic implications.Doctor of Philosophy
This project takes a critical examination of tourist maps, as a cultural artifact in what has been called “coloniality,” or the ongoing colonial relations in contemporary relationships between nation states. I suggest that my taking into account the colonial history and development of mapping practices, tourism, and international relations that tourist maps serve as material intersection to examine such relations. The island state of Sri Lanka is an ideal case study for this project, as not only does it intersect colonial relations between the Portuguese, Dutch, and British, but because after ending nearly 30-year ethnic-religious civil war the country is looking to expand its tourism industry. Therefore, I argue that an understanding of what I term “cosmopolitan geopolitics” helps us to account for the ways in which culture and religious experiences become resources in contemporary geopolitics within the international tourist economy. Using a mix-analysis approach of interviews, participatory mapping, autoethnography, and theoretical perspectives, I organize the project into two main parts. The first questions “what a map is,” and the second questions “who gets to map.” Overall, this interdisciplinary investigation pulls from postcolonial studies, critical tourism studies, critical geography, and Sri Lankan studies in order to question the continued narratives and representations within cultural commodification and travel.
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Sasic, Filip. "Russia’s Geopolitics in Southeast Europe: Energy security and pipeline politics". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutet för Rysslands- och Eurasienstudier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447910.
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This thesis analyzes Russia’s geopolitical objectives in Southeast Europe by focusing on natural gas pipelines and energy security. Natural gas is a crucial soft power asset that Russia utilizes to maintain its sphere of influence in the region. When defining Southeast Europe, this thesis focuses on the following countries of the region: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, North Macedonia, and Serbia. The empirically driven research explores Russia’s role as the main natural gas supplier in Southeast Europe and the geostrategic implications of the region’s potential to become a vital entry point into Europe for Russian natural gas. This thesis applies the theory of defensive realism to the study of gas-infrastructure developments and to the impact of new pipelines on Russia’s dominant energy role within the region. Further on, Russia faces various challenges to its control of the regional gas market, including European Union’s energy policies, LNG from the United States, natural gas from Azerbaijan, and other complex factors that play into the regional geopolitical and energy arena. With the analysis of the empirical data, this thesis assesses how each of the Southeast European countries respond to new gas-infrastructure projects and to Russia’s effort to leverage its gas assets. These developments, including Russia’s gas projects, could provide opportunities for positive, regional cooperation, while creating commercial value by transforming this region into an important natural gas hub.
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Huma, Roxana Adina. "Reproducing 'geopolitics' : national identity representations of foreign affairs in Moldova". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3499.
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Breaking away from the positivist trend dominating the literature on Moldova’s foreign relations, this thesis analyses the means through which national identity discourses impact on Moldovan societal representation of foreign policy. It contends that national identity perpetuates a Cold War inspired view of foreign affairs. This construction is defined by two main elements, the representation of the civilizational and geopolitical cleavage between East and West and the lack of agency awarded to the Moldovan self. This is achieved through an in-depth study of the national identity debate in Moldova. It focuses on both the two main national identity discourses in Moldova, Romanianism and Moldovanism. For this analysis, I employ a post-structuralist approach, conceptualising national identity as a discourse that helps us make sense of the world. Through this function and its persistence across Moldovan articulations, national identity plays a key role in representations of foreign affairs in Moldova. More specifically, the opposition between Romanianism and Moldovanism reproduces the East-West geopolitical and civilizational cleavage, whilst the representation of Moldovan inferiority, historical debt and the Great Power Complex reiterates Moldova’s passivity and lack of agency. Through this Cold War representation of international affairs, national identity offers both the resources and the limits within which official Moldovan foreign policy articulations function. In this way, national identity is crucial in understanding the mechanisms through which foreign policy is legitimated and, especially, the validity and credibility of certain arguments and the unlikelihood of others.
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Laketa, Sunčana. "The Geopolitics Of Daily Life In Mostar, Bosnia And Herzegovina". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556443.
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Nearly twenty years after the brutal conflict that occurred in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), ethnosectarian ideology continues to permeate all structures and institutions of Bosnian society, from political and educational institutions to religious and cultural ones; most of all, it is significantly embodied in the everyday life of people in Bosnia. It is these everyday practices that I investigate in order to unravel how ethnicity is (re)produced, performed and experienced through mundane practices of moving through space. Specifically, this dissertation asks: What socio-spatial practices and emotional experiences are involved in the processes of solidifying, as well as dissolving, ethnic identity in BiH? The study is a primarily qualitative investigation of daily life, based on deployment of multiple methods such as participant observation, interviews and a photography project. The site of the study is the town of Mostar in southwestern BiH. It has been formally and informally divided between "Croat/Catholic" west Mostar and "Bosniak/Muslim" east Mostar for over 15 years. The findings point to the ways identity and space emerge as performative effects of practice, as well as how different processes of bordering (between "us" and "them"; between "our" and "their" side) are materialized through different affective intensities.
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Zacpalová, Lucie. "Geopolitika Jižního Kavkazu". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72193.
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The thesis presents geopolitical situation of South Caucasus region in relation to Europe, with focus on the European Union. Specific geopolitical conditions of the South Caucasus led from the emergence of independent states in this area to so called "new great game" of interests of global powers. The relationship of the European Union to the South Caucasus developed in the time and in the thesis is presented on the background of this "game". The armed conflict of Georgia and Russia from August 2008 was a radical event in many aspects. And the European Union played one of the most important roles in it. With regard to a quite limited character of previous cooperation, this was a challenge for change in the European approach to the region. The goal of the thesis is whether the European Union managed to orient itself in the new geopolitical conditions of the region and succeeded to take advantage of such a possibility.
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Vrlík, Filip. "Geopolitická východiska pro budoucnost elektrické energetické soustavy v Evropě". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-115499.
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This work analyzes the most important factors that exercise the biggest influence over the shape of energy system in the following decades in the European area with a focus on electric grid. Based on the analysis the possible futures and probable trends are discussed in the Conclusion.
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Sakson, Andrzej. "Warschau zwischen Berlin und Moskau : eine polnische Sicht". Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/texte_eingeschraenkt_welttrends/2009/3278/.
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Die polnische Öffentlichkeit reagiert auf Entwicklungen in den deutsch-russischen Beziehungen besonders sensibel. Der Autor analysiert die Ostpolitik unter Schröder und Merkel und fordert eine stärkere Berücksichtigung der polnischen Interessen in den deutsch-russischen Beziehungen.
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Goodman, Aaron M. "Geopolitical analysis of terror in selected U. S. countries". Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2005. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=547.
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Kulbaga, Theresa A. "Trans/national subjects genre, gender, and geopolitics in contemporary American autobiography /". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1150386546.
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Reyes-Santos, Irmary. "Racial geopolitics interrogating Caribbean cultural discourse in the era pf globalization /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3274592.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed October 4, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 234-245).