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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Geographic shift"
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Aji, Satriya Bayu, Mangatur Nababan i Tri Wiratno. "KAJIAN TERJEMAHAN ARTIKEL FLEEING TERROR, FINDING REFUGE DAN TERJEMAHANNYA MENCARI TEMPAT BERLINDUNG DALAM HAL STRUKTUR DAN POLA PENGEMBANGAN TEMA (PENDEKATAN LINGUISTIK SISTEMIK FUNGSIONAL)". PRASASTI: Journal of Linguistics 2, nr 2 (15.11.2017): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/prasasti.v2i2.2408.
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<p><em>This research aims to describe: (1) the March 2015 National Geographic article Fleeing Terror, Finding Refuge and its March 2015 National Geographic Indonesia Indonesian translation Mencari Tempat Berlindung’s thematic structure and progression, (2) the translation techniques employed and its effect on the translation’s thematic structure and progression, and (3) its effect on the translation quality. This study belongs to the qualitative research at the descriptive level, employs embedded case study approach, and focuses on the translation product. The data consist of the Themes of the National Geographic Maret 2015 article Fleeing Terror, Finding Refuge and its National Geographic Indonesia Maret 2015 Indonesian translation Mencari Tempat Berlindung collected through content analysis and the result of the informant’s translation quality assessment collected through questionnaire and focus group discussion. This study revealed that the translation employs more marked Topical Theme than the source text and the percentage of the translation’s Rheme-based progressions (the simple linear and split Rheme progression) is higher than the source text’s. The thematic structure shifts—mostly a shift from the unmarked to the marked Topical Theme and vice-versa or a change in the Topical Theme constituent—can be caused by the use of these six translation techniques: transposition, modulation, reduction, amplification, established equivalent, and particularization. Of these six, particularization does not cause any Thematic progression shift. These six techniques that can cause a shift in the Thematic structure can also decrease the translation’s quality.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: Thematic structure, Thematic progression, translation techniques, translation quality assessment</em></strong></p>
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Ojala, Arto, i Pasi Tyrväinen. "Market Entry and Priority of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Software Industry: An Empirical Analysis of Cultural Distance, Geographic Distance, and Market Size". Journal of International Marketing 15, nr 3 (wrzesień 2007): 123–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jimk.15.3.123.
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This article investigates the influence of cultural distance, geographic distance, and three market size variables in the target country preference of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the software industry. In addition, the authors examine the shift of SMEs’ priorities in country selection by analyzing how these factors affect the selection of the first, second, and third target countries. The empirical findings suggest that approximately 70% of country choices can be explained by software market size and geographic distance alone. The findings also show that SMEs’ entry priorities shift quickly from countries within a short geographic distance to countries with high purchasing power and at a greater geographic distance. The authors discuss relationships of these macrolevel factors and compare them with prior qualitative and conceptual studies in this field. They also note implications for managers.
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Feng, Chuangju, Facheng Guo i Guizhen Gao. "Climate as a Predictive Factor for Invasion: Unravelling the Range Dynamics of Carpomya vesuviana Costa". Insects 15, nr 6 (21.05.2024): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects15060374.
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Invasive alien species (IAS) significantly affect global native biodiversity, agriculture, industry, and human health. Carpomya vesuviana Costa, 1854 (Diptera: Tephritidae), a significant global IAS, affects various date species, leading to substantial economic losses and adverse effects on human health and the environment. This study employed biomod2 ensemble models, multivariate environmental similarity surface and most dissimilar variable analyses, and ecological niche dynamics based on environmental and species data to predict the potential distribution of C. vesuviana and explore the environmental variables affecting observed patterns and impacts. Compared to native ranges, ecological niche shifts at invaded sites increased the invasion risk of C. vesuviana globally. The potential geographical distribution was primarily in Asia, Africa, and Australia, with a gradual increase in suitability with time and radiation levels. The potential geographic distribution centre of C. vesuviana is likely to shift poleward between the present and the 2090s. We also show that precipitation is a key factor influencing the likely future distribution of this species. In conclusion, climate change has facilitated the expansion of the geographic range and ecological niche of C. vesuviana, requiring effective transnational management strategies to mitigate its impacts on the natural environment and public health during the Anthropocene. This study aims to assess the potential threat of C. vesuviana to date palms globally through quantitative analytical methods. By modelling and analysing its potential geographic distribution, ecological niche, and environmental similarities, this paper predicts the pest’s dispersal potential and possible transfer trends in geographic centres of mass in order to provide prevention and control strategies for the global date palm industry.
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Prichard, Hilary. "Northern dialect evidence for the chronology of the Great Vowel Shift". Journal of Linguistic Geography 2, nr 2 (październik 2014): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jlg.2014.9.
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This paper demonstrates how the tools of dialect geography may fruitfully lend a new perspective to historical data in order to address the lingering questions left by previous analyses. A geographic examination ofSurvey of English Dialectsdata provides evidence in favor of a push-chain analysis of the Great Vowel Shift, in which the Middle English high-mid long vowels raised before the high long vowels were diphthongized. It is also demonstrated that the so-called “irregular” dialect outcomes, which have previously been cited as evidence for a lack of unity of the Great Vowel Shift, are no longer problematic when viewed in the light of a theory of dialect contact, and can in fact refine our understanding of the chronology and geographic extent of the shift itself.
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Celestino, C. C., C. T. Sousa, W. Yamaguti i H. K. Kuga. "Evaluation of Tropospheric and Ionospheric Effects on the Geographic Localization of Data Collection Platforms". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2007 (2007): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/32514.
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The Brazilian National Institute for Space Research (INPE) is operating the Brazilian Environmental Data Collection System that currently amounts to a user community of around 100 organizations and more than 700 data collection platforms installed in Brazil. This system uses the SCD-1, SCD-2, and CBERS-2 low Earth orbit satellites to accomplish the data collection services. The main system applications are hydrology, meteorology, oceanography, water quality, and others. One of the functionalities offered by this system is the geographic localization of the data collection platforms by using Doppler shifts and a batch estimator based on least-squares technique. There is a growing demand to improve the quality of the geographical location of data collection platforms for animal tracking. This work presents an evaluation of the ionospheric and tropospheric effects on the Brazilian Environmental Data Collection System transmitter geographic location. Some models of the ionosphere and troposphere are presented to simulate their impacts and to evaluate performance of the platform location algorithm. The results of the Doppler shift measurements, using the SCD-2 satellite and the data collection platform (DCP) located in Cuiabá town, are presented and discussed.
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Cao, Zuohao, Huaqing Cai i Guang J. Zhang. "Geographic Shift and Environment Change of U.S. Tornado Activities in a Warming Climate". Atmosphere 12, nr 5 (28.04.2021): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12050567.
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Even with ever-increasing societal interest in tornado activities engendering catastrophes of loss of life and property damage, the long-term change in the geographic location and environment of tornado activity centers over the last six decades (1954–2018), and its relationship with climate warming in the U.S., is still unknown or not robustly proved scientifically. Utilizing discriminant analysis, we show a statistically significant geographic shift of U.S. tornado activity center (i.e., Tornado Alley) under warming conditions, and we identify five major areas of tornado activity in the new Tornado Alley that were not identified previously. By contrasting warm versus cold years, we demonstrate that the shift of relative warm centers is coupled with the shifts in low pressure and tornado activity centers. The warm and moist air carried by low-level flow from the Gulf of Mexico combined with upward motion acts to fuel convection over the tornado activity centers. Employing composite analyses using high resolution reanalysis data, we further demonstrate that high tornado activities in the U.S. are associated with stronger cyclonic circulation and baroclinicity than low tornado activities, and the high tornado activities are coupled with stronger low-level wind shear, stronger upward motion, and higher convective available potential energy (CAPE) than low tornado activities. The composite differences between high-event and low-event years of tornado activity are identified for the first time in terms of wind shear, upward motion, CAPE, cyclonic circulation and baroclinicity, although some of these environmental variables favorable for tornado development have been discussed in previous studies.
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Dale, Katherine E., Arturo Ramírez-Valdez, John E. McCosker i Milton S. Love. "Revising geographic distributions of eastern Pacific moray eels". Bulletin of Marine Science 97, nr 2 (1.04.2021): 305–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5343/bms.2020.0060.
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Under the influence of climate stressors, species distributions of fishes in the eastern Pacific are shifting, with many species moving poleward. Moray eels (family Muraenidae) are ecologically important predators inhabiting coastal reefs. Due to their cryptic nature and lack of commercial importance, the species distributions of muraenids in the tropical and subtropical eastern Pacific are poorly understood. Here, we document the geographic range size of 33 muraenid species in the eastern Pacific and also report a shift in the established population range of Muraena argus based on recent trapping efforts. We found that 17 species demonstrated shifts in geographic range size, including sampled-range expansions and new occurrences at offshore islands. Eleven species were observed in new biogeographic provinces, primarily in the northward direction to the San Diegan Province. Trapping data and local knowledge gathered from fishing cooperatives suggest that M. argus has established populations at least 300 km further north than previously reported. Both the yearly number of reported observations and geographic extent of sampling have increased over time, but the number of recorded extensions has not. These results highlight the importance of compiling data from diverse sources (including museum records, local ecological knowledge, and the non- English scientific literature) as well as the continued value of biodiversity surveys in the eastern Pacific.
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Tully, Thomas, Jean‐François Le Galliard i Jean‐Pierre Baron. "Micro‐geographic shift between negligible and actuarial senescence in a wild snake". Journal of Animal Ecology 89, nr 11 (14.09.2020): 2704–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13317.
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Lucek, Kay, i Yvonne Willi. "Drivers of linkage disequilibrium across a species’ geographic range". PLOS Genetics 17, nr 3 (26.03.2021): e1009477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009477.
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While linkage disequilibrium (LD) is an important parameter in genetics and evolutionary biology, the drivers of LD remain elusive. Using whole-genome sequences from across a species’ range, we assessed the impact of demographic history and mating system on LD. Both range expansion and a shift from outcrossing to selfing in North AmericanArabidopsis lyratawere associated with increased average genome-wide LD. Our results indicate that range expansion increases short-distance LD at the farthest range edges by about the same amount as a shift to selfing. However, the extent over which LD in genic regions unfolds was shorter for range expansion compared to selfing. Linkage among putatively neutral variants and between neutral and deleterious variants increased to a similar degree with range expansion, providing support that genome-wide LD was positively associated with mutational load. As a consequence, LD combined with mutational load may decelerate range expansions and set range limits. Finally, a small number of genes were identified as LD outliers, suggesting that they experience selection by either of the two demographic processes. These included genes involved in flowering and photoperiod for range expansion, and the self-incompatibility locus for mating system.
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Zheng, Xiaofeng, Pengxiang Gao i ShuoXin Zhang. "The distribution shifts of Pinus armandii and its response to temperature and precipitation in China". PeerJ 5 (15.09.2017): e3807. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3807.
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Background The changing climate, particularly in regard to temperature and precipitation, is already affecting tree species’ distributions. Pinus armandii, which dominates on the Yungui Plateau and in the Qinba Mountains in China, is of economic, cultural and ecological value. We wish to test the correlations between the distribution shift of P. armandii and changing climate, and figure out how it tracks future climate change. Methods We sampled the surface soil at sites throughout the distribution of P. armandii to compare the relative abundance of pollen to the current percent cover of plant species. This was used to determine possible changes in the distribution P. armandii. Given the hilly terrain, elevation was considered together with temperature and precipitation as variables correlated with distribution shifts of P. armandii. Results We show that P. armandii is undergoing change in its geographic range, including retraction, a shift to more northern areas and from the upper high part of the mountains to a lower-altitude part in hilly areas. Temperature was the strongest correlate of this distribution shift. Elevation and precipitation were also both significantly correlated with distribution change of P. armandii, but to a lesser degree than temperature. Conclusion The geographic range of P. armandii has been gradually decreasing under the influence of climate change. This provides evidence of the effect of climate change on trees at the species level and suggests that at least some species will have a limited ability to track the changing climate.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Geographic shift"
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Bayet, Théophile. "Caractérisation de l'inclusivité des systèmes de vision par ordinateur basés sur l'apprentissage profond pour les pays du Sud". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS129.
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Les changements mondiaux modernes, tels que le changement climatique et la sixième extinction de masse, perturbent profondément nos sociétés et nos écosystèmes. Les nouvelles technologies, notamment l'apprentissage machine, sont à la fois facteurs aggravants et moyens potentiels d'atténuation des défis que posent ces changements. En 2015, les Nations Unies ont établi les Objectifs de Développement Durable pour évaluer l'impact écologique et les risques pour les populations, révélant que les pays du Sud sont les plus éloignés des objectifs de ce cadre. Les pays avec des infrastructures numériques limitées déploient moins les modèles d'apprentissage machine, rencontrant un problème de glissement de contexte dû à l'incohérence entre les données d'entraînement et de déploiement. En vision par ordinateur, ce glissement est exacerbé par l'absence de données des pays du Sud dans les ensembles d'entraînement, conduisant à une performance réduite des modèles dans ces contextes. Dans cette thèse, nous faisons le pont entre l'intelligence artificielle au service de la science soutenable et l'inclusivité des systèmes de vision par ordinateur. Nous montrons comment les approches qui ont précédé à la notre pour démontrer le manque d'inclusivité des systèmes de vision actuels ont fait l'impasse sur des points importants de la problématique, comme la formalisation du biais géographique et des métriques qui témoignent de son impact. Cela nous amène à proposer un protocole pour la formalisation des biais, qui se base sur l'identification d'une source, d'un type et d'un impact pour la caractérisation de ce dernier. Ce protocole est implémenté pour le biais géographique, en premier lieu sur des données synthétiques. Les bases de données synthétiques connues ne possédant pas de biais géographique, nous nous inspirons des modifications de la base de données MNIST pour créer des bases de données synthétiques comportant des biais géographiques. Nous utilisons ces derniers pour tester l'implémentation de notre protocole et démontrer son utilité. Nous expérimentons ensuite le protocole sur des données réelles pour la caractérisation du biais occidental dans les systèmes de vision, et constatons que les résultats obtenus sont différents de ceux attendus, allant à l'encontre des observations dans les précédents travaux académiques. Nous procédons à une analyse visuelle à différents niveaux de granularité de ces résultats pour tenter de les comprendre et proposer des théories les expliquant. Au final, nous mettons en avant la présence de biais concomitants, des éléments composant le biais géographique mais ayant des impacts différenciés avec l'entité principale. Ces biais concomitants empêchent la caractérisation du biais géographique en influençant les prédictions des modèles. Nous montrons donc comment la problématique de la caractérisation du biais géographique se révèle plus complexe qu'elle ne peut le paraître au premier abord, quels sont les écueils actuels et quelles pistes sont privilégiées pour remédier aux problèmes rencontrés. Globalement, nous proposons à la communauté scientifique des outils pour mieux appréhender les problématiques de déploiement de modèles dans les pays du Sud, afin de mieux comprendre les enjeux de ces déploiements pour des applications en science soutenableModern global changes, such as climate change and the sixth mass extinction, are profoundly disrupting our societies and ecosystems. New technologies, including machine learning, are both aggravating factors and potential means of mitigating the challenges posed by these changes. In 2015, the United Nations established the Sustainable Development Goals to assess the ecological impact and the risks for populations, revealing that the countries of the South are the furthest from achieving the objectives of this framework. Countries with limited digital infrastructures deploy less machine learning models, encountering a problem of context shift due to inconsistency between training and deployment data. In computer vision, this shift is exacerbated by the absence of data from southern countries in the training sets, leading to reduced model performance.In this thesis, we bridge the gap between artificial intelligence for sustainable science and the inclusivity of computer vision systems. We show how previous approaches to demonstrating the lack of inclusivity of current vision systems have overlooked important aspects of the problem, such as the formalisation of geographical bias and the metrics that reflect its impact. This has led us to propose a protocol for formalising bias, based on the identification of a source, a type and an impact in order to characterise it. This protocol has been implemented for geographical bias, initially on synthetic data. As known synthetic databases do not have a geographical bias, we create synthetic datasets with geographical biases, inspired by previous synthetic modifications of the MNIST database. We use these to test the implementation of our protocol and demonstrate its usefulness. We then experiment with the protocol on real data for characterising western bias in vision systems, and find that the results obtained are different from those expected, going against observations in previous academic work. We carry out a visual analysis of these results at different levels of granularity in an attempt to understand them and to propose possible themes for future research. In the end, we highlight the presence of concomitant biases, elements that make up the geographical bias but have different impacts that the main entity. These concomitant biases prevent the characterisation of the geographical bias by influencing the predictions of the models.We therefore show how the problem of characterising geographical bias is more complex than it might at first appear, what the current pitfalls are and what avenues are being pursued to remedy the problems encountered. Overall, we offer the scientific community tools to better understand the problems of deploying models in developing countries, in order to better understand the challenges of these deployments for applications in sustainable science
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Craig, Victoria Dawn. "A methodological paradigm shift to augment a geographical information system planning framework". Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446408.
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Calluzzo, Nicholas T. "The urbanization of insurgency : shifts in the geography of conflict". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59796.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-74).
The 20th century witnessed the steady decline of the ability of states, particularly great powers, to defeat insurgencies. During the same period, the world has become both more populous and more urban. As people have taken to the cities, so too have insurgents increasingly made battlefields out of urban areas. This study has sought to determine the impact of urbanization on insurgency outcomes using a post-war dataset of insurgencies. It has predicted that urbanized insurgencies favor the insurgent by facilitating concealment and cover, nullifying the relatively power differential enjoyed by states, and providing them with an abundance of soft targets useful for undermining the counterinsurgent's legitimacy. Although constrained by a number of data limitations, the results demonstrated that more urbanized insurgencies were a significant challenge to counter insurgents. By partitioning the dataset by insurgency type, the study was able to determine unique predictors of conflict outcome for each type. Urbanized insurgencies are particularly hard to defeat when the counterinsurgent is a foreign occupier, more democratic, and the insurgency has external support. Rural insurgencies become more difficult to defeat the more linguistically diverse the population. Furthermore, by increasing the number of conflict casualties, rural insurgents can particularly benefit from rough terrain.
by Nicholas T. Calluzzo.
S.M.
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Slove, Davidson Jessica. "The plasticity and geography of host use and the diversification of butterflies". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Zoologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-69573.
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Our world is changing rapidly and factors like urbanisation, changed agricultural practices and climate change are causing losses in butterfly diversity. It is therefore of importance to understand the source of their diversity. Given the remarkable diversity of herbivorous insects compared to their non-herbivorous sister groups, changes in host use have been implicated as a promoter of speciation. This thesis looks at geographical aspects of host range evolution and the plasticity of host use. We show that butterflies in the subfamily Nymphalinae that feed on a wide range of host plants have larger geographic ranges than species with narrower host ranges. Although tropical butterflies appear to be more specialised than temperate species, this effect is lost when controlling for the differences in geographic range. Geographic variation in host plant use within Polygonia faunus, related to morphologically distinct subspecies, did not show any genetic differentiation. This suggests that the observed variation in host plant use is a plastic response to environmental differences. Reconstructing host use for the Polygonia-Nymphalis and Vanessa group shows that plasticity is also important for understanding host use at the level of butterfly genera. Using unequal transition costs and including larval feeding ability revealed that frequent colonisations of the same plant genus can often be explained by non-independent processes, such as multiple partial losses of host use, recolonisation of ancestral hosts, and parallel colonisations following a preadaptation for host use. These processes are further reflected in the conservative use of host plant orders within the butterfly family Nymphalidae. Few taxa feed on more than one host plant order, and these expansions occur at the very tips of the tree, which we argue is evidence of the transient nature of generalist host use. These insights improve our understanding of how host range evolution may promote diversification.At the time of the doctoral defence,the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Submitted; Papers 4 and 5: Manuscripts
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Bertram, David Verge Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "The Internet as space: shifts in territoriality". Ottawa, 1999.
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Grillitsch, Markus, Josephine Rekers i Franz Tödtling. "When drivers of clusters shift scale from local towards global: What remains for regional innovation policy? PEGIS, Papers in Economic Geography and Innovation Studies". University of Vienna, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Austrian Academy of Sciences, University of Agder, Kiel University, 2019. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6785/1/geo%2Ddisc%2D2019_03.pdf.
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Industries and regional economies evolve as a result of the interplay between local and non-local factors. Increasing globalization of both production- and innovation activities implies a shift in the relevant scales of interaction from the local towards the global level. This paper is concerned with the implications of such scale shifts for the role of the region and for cluster-related regional policies. It examines what is left of the role of regional settings in fostering economic development when extra-regional drivers of change increase in importance. We investigate this crucial question with two in-depth case studies of the medical technologies sector, in which such scale shifts have been particularly pronounced.
Our findings from empirical material collected in Scania/Sweden and Vienna/Austria illustrate the ways in which changes in national and supra-national regulatory frameworks have had a profound impact on the innovation activities of individual firms and the way to develop and launch new products, and subsequently on the regions in which they cluster. Such scale-shifts have on the one hand limited the potential for regional policy to shape the cluster's path through support for supply-side factors. Yet some critical assets remain local but are increasingly difficult to access. By addressing such barriers to access, regional policy can still strongly affect the opportunities for innovation. Furthermore, in an increasingly open industry system, we see an expanded role for regional policy in supporting firms to access critical assets and sources of innovation found external to the region.
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Cook, Elizabeth. "An Examination of Seasonal Shifts in Climate and Visitation, and Perspectives on Seasonal Shifts and Climate Adaptation Strategies in Tourism and Recreation Businesses for Moab, Utah". DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7485.
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The city of Moab, an outdoor recreation hub in eastern Utah, has been encountering both shifts in the seasonality of visitation, and increases in tourist visitation, even with summer temperatures above the normal high. Tourism research describing the effects of climate change on the outdoor recreation industry has focused on winter, snow-dependent activities, while studies in Moab city have focused on the economic value of outdoor recreational activities. Few studies have described the relationship between seasonal tourism and climate change for arid desert locations. The purpose of this study is to describe how the tourism and recreation industry in Moab, Utah is experiencing and adapting to changes in climate. The first part of the research is a regression analysis of existing data, exploring the correlation between monthly national park visitation and climate factors (long-term monthly average temperature and temperature anomaly) that influence tourism seasonality in Arches National Park and Canyonlands National Park. Using an online survey, the second part of the research identifies how seasonality shifts are perceived by different actors in Moab and how they are responding to manifestations of climate change. Regression results indicate that as temperature increases in the region around Moab, national park visitation also increases. Moab businesses are not directly adapting to climate change, but are adapting to perceived increases in visitation throughout the year. The majority of Moab businesses do not attribute the increase in visitation to climate variables, instead visitation increases are believed to be a result of the popularity of the town and the region.
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Yoon, Hyejin. "The Animation Industry: Technological Changes, Production Challenge, and Glogal Shifts". The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1212779559.
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Mečár, Matej. "Nudging towards automobile- free living in Stockholm : An analysis of Stockholm's 2015 Green Parking Rates guideline and its impact on mode shift". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-183352.
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This thesis explores the impact of the city of Stockholms 2015 Green Parking Rates guideline on transportation mode shift. The guidelines were established in hopes of nudging occupants of newly built residential developments towards a mode shift and in so doing, towards car-light, car- free and more sustainable living. This nudging is facilitated through the utilization of positive mobility services such as the offering of bike-share and car-share services to residents, in hopes of reducing their need and desire for private automobiles. As a result of incorporating positive mobility services, the development community receives a reduction on the parking spaces they are obligated to construct, which come at a high economic cost to the individual property developers, those purchasing or renting their units as well as society as a whole. Consequently, the guidelines are a meant to be a tool to help the city of Stockholm reduce congestion and meet their newest sustainability goals. This thesis explores the perspectives of the development community as well as the planning departments at the city of Stockholm through the conducting of a policy analysis as well as through 16 semi structured interviews and explores some of the successes and challenges in establishing a mode shift. However, due to the short time period since the establishment of the guidelines, the city of Stockholm nor the development community have conducted a comprehensive evaluation to assess the guidelines utility in facilitating a mode shift. The thesis suggests that a more collaborative process pre, during and after the development of projects would better serve Stockholm and its development community in achieving its sustainability goals.
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Shiell, Glenn Raymond. "The spatial distribution and temporal shifts in the biology of Holothuria whitmaei Bell [Echinodermata: Holothuroidea], Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia". University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0081.
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[Truncated abstract] Aspects of the biology of the commercial sea cucumber Holothuria whitmaei were investigated at Coral Bay, Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. The study was partitioned into several components: i) spatial distribution, ii) temporal changes in behaviour and iii) reproduction biology. The spatial distribution of H. whitmaei at Coral Bay was typical of that reported in the literature. H. whitmaei had distinct preferences for outer reef habitats, including the outer reef flat and reef slope. However, the distribution of H. whitmaei within these habitats was heterogeneous, or, aggregated within certain micro-habitat zones - predominantly at the leading edge of the reef flat, perpendicular to the prevailing current. Two potential biological advantages of this distribution were hypothesised: i), that species aggregation enhances prospects for gamete fertilisation, a process which may be impeded under typical densities, and ii), large deposits of detrital matter, an important food source for holothurians, may accumulate within these zones. ... A striking feature of the reproduction biology of this species was the potential for specimens to mature asynchronously. It was hypothesised that this phenomenon may be a reflection of isolated individuals located too far from conspecifics to receive pheromone signals; cues which are known to entrain synchronous gonad development in some holothurians. Hence, it was proposed that aggregations of H. whitmaei may be important to the maintenance of population recruitment, given that animals at the periphery of species concentrations may have relatively little chance of achieving fertilisation. ... Given that H. whitmaei were observed to maintain highly specific patterns of distribution, this may have significant ramifications for trophic level cascades in the outer reef zone, particularly where this species is present in higher densities (i.e. >100 ind. ha-1). The findings of this study, apart from highlighting the spatial and temporal biological attributes which may facilitate feeding and reproductive success, also emphasised the importance of biological knowledge to the management of sea cucumber fisheries. The study highlighted the need for further research to ascertain both the importance of species aggregations to population recruitment, and of the actual densities required to achieve high rates of gamete fertilisation. Such knowledge may help ultimately to identify suitable habitats for inclusion in marine protected areas.
Książki na temat "Geographic shift"
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Qureshi, M. H. (Mohd. Hashim), 1942- editor i Jamia Millia Islamia (India), red. Paradigm shift in geography. New Delhi: Manak Publications Pvt. Ltd, 2013.
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Ishtiaq, M. Language shifts among the scheduled tribes in India: A geographical study. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1999.
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Vollmann, William T. The ice-shirt. New York: Viking, 1990.
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Vollmann, William T. The ice-shirt. New York: Penguin Books, 1993.
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Arita, Setsuko. Nihongo jōkenbun no shosō: Chiriteki hen'i to rekishiteki hensen = Aspects of Japanese conditionals : geographical variations and historical shifts. Tōkyō-to Bunkyō-ku: Kuroshio Shuppan, 2017.
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L, Clements David, Pérez-Fournon I i ESO/IAC Workshop on Quasar Hosts (1996 : Puerto de la Cruz, Canary, Islands), red. Quasar hosts: Proceedings of the ESO-IAC conference held on Tenerife, Spain, 24-27 September 1996. Berlin: Springer, 1997.
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Mauldin, Erin Stewart. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865177.003.0001.
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The American Civil War marked a watershed moment in the history of southern agriculture. Throughout the antebellum period, the Cotton Kingdom’s geographic boundaries remained relatively limited. After the war, however, the diversity of the antebellum agricultural landscape disappeared. Landowners, yeomen, and recently freed slaves in all areas of the South invested heavily in cotton cultivation, often accruing enormous debts to do so. But why did postwar southern farmers rely on continuous cotton cultivation? What caused such a fundamental shift in attitudes toward self-sufficiency in farming areas known for their relative crop diversity? Why did poor whites and emancipated blacks grow cotton at the expense of everything else despite shrinking financial incentives? The introduction surveys the way this book answers those questions: by connecting postwar agricultural shifts to the ecological legacies of the Civil War and emancipation.
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Frankham, Richard, Jonathan D. Ballou, Katherine Ralls, Mark D. B. Eldridge, Michele R. Dudash, Charles B. Fenster, Robert C. Lacy i Paul Sunnucks. Determining the number and location of genetically differentiated population fragments. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783398.003.0010.
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The number and geographic location of genetically differentiated populations must be identified to determine if fragmented populations require genetic management. Clustering of related genotypes to geographic locations (landscape genetic analyses) is used to determine the number of populations and their boundaries, with the simplest analyses relying on random mating within, but not across populations. Evidence of genetic differentiation among populations indicates either that they have drifted apart (and are likely inbred) and/or that the populations are adaptively differentiated. The current response when populations are genetically differentiated is usually to recommend separate management, but this is often ill-advised. A paradigm shift is needed where evidence of genetic differentiation among populations is followed by an assessment of whether populations are suffering genetic erosion, whether there are other populations to which they could be crossed, and whether the crosses would be beneficial, or harmful.
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Taiz, Lincoln, i Lee Taiz. Crop Domestication and Gender. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190490263.003.0003.
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“Crop Domestication and Gender” traces the rise of permanent settlements and incipient agriculture from the Pre-pottery Neolithic to the Pottery Neolithic in the Levant, together with the iconographic changes that show a shift from the predominance of zoomorphic forms to female forms concurrent with the increasing importance of agriculture. It discusses relevant geographic features, climactic periods and changes in temperature, rainfall and glaciation while exploring the important transitional cultures and the artifacts that reveal the progress of agricultural development and plant domestication. Domestication of the founder crops of the Fertile Crescent are described, together with markers in the archaeological record that distinguish wild plants from domesticated plants. The abundance of female figurines at the Neolithic village of Sha’ar Hagolan and the presence of cryptic agricultural symbols at Hacilar and Çatalhüyük, support a close association of women, cats, and agriculture, most famously exemplified by the so-called “grain bin goddess“ of Çatalhüyük.
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Kuus, Merje. Critical Geopolitics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.137.
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Critical geopolitics is concerned with the geographical assumptions and designations that underlie the making of world politics. The goal of critical geopolitics is to elucidate and explain how political actors spatialize international politics and represent it as a “world” characterized by particular types of places. Eschewing the traditional question of how geography does or can influence politics, critical geopolitics foregrounds “the politics of the geographical specification of politics.” By questioning the assumptions that underpin geopolitical claims, critical geopolitics has evolved from its roots in the poststructuralist, feminist, and postcolonial critique of traditional geopolitics into a major subfield of mainstream human geography. This essay shows that much of critical geopolitics problematizes the statist conceptions of power in social sciences, a conceptualization that John Agnew has called the “territorial trap.” Along with political geography more generally, critical geopolitics argues that spatiality is not confined to territoriality. The discursive construction of social reality is shaped by specific political agents, including intellectuals of statecraft. In addition to the scholarship that draws empirically on the rhetorical strategies of intellectuals of statecraft, there is also a rich body of work on popular geopolitics, and more specifically on resistance geopolitics or anti-geopolitics. Another emerging field of inquiry within critical geopolitics is feminist geopolitics, which shifts the focus from the operations of elite agents to the constructions of political subjects in everyday political practice. Clearly, the heterogeneity of critical geopolitics is central to its vibrancy and success.
Części książek na temat "Geographic shift"
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Kuhn, Werner, Tomi Kauppinen i Krzysztof Janowicz. "Linked Data - A Paradigm Shift for Geographic Information Science". W Geographic Information Science, 173–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11593-1_12.
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Huang, Miaoqing, Liang Men i Chenggang Lai. "Accelerating Mean Shift Segmentation Algorithm on Hybrid CPU/GPU Platforms". W Modern Accelerator Technologies for Geographic Information Science, 157–66. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8745-6_12.
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Record, Sydne, Kyla M. Dahlin, Phoebe L. Zarnetske, Quentin D. Read, Sparkle L. Malone, Keith D. Gaddis, John M. Grady i in. "Remote Sensing of Geodiversity as a Link to Biodiversity". W Remote Sensing of Plant Biodiversity, 225–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33157-3_10.
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AbstractTwo common approaches to conserving biodiversity are conserving the actors (species) and conserving the stage (habitat). Many management efforts focus on conserving the actors, but a major challenge to this strategy is uncertainty surrounding how species’ geographic ranges might shift in response to global change, including climate and land use change. The Nature Conservancy has moved to conserving the stage, with the aim of maintaining the processes that generate and support biodiversity. This strategy requires knowing how biodiversity responds to geodiversity—the abiotic features and processes that define the stage. Here we explore how remote sensing illuminates the relationship between biodiversity and geodiversity. We introduce a variety of geodiversity measures and discuss how they can be combined with biodiversity data. We then explore the relationship between biodiversity and geodiversity with tree biodiversity data from the US Forest Inventory and Analysis Program and geodiversity data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission as a case study and proof of concept. We find that whereas beta diversity was not well explained by geodiversity, both alpha and gamma diversities were positively related to geodiversity. We also outline the challenges and opportunities of using remote sensing to understand the relationship between biodiversity and geodiversity.
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Jakobsen, Ove, i Vivi M. L. Storsletten. "Beyond the Green Shift—Ecological Economics". W Springer Geography, 173–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99392-8_13.
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Finch, Deborah M., Jack L. Butler, Justin B. Runyon, Christopher J. Fettig, Francis F. Kilkenny, Shibu Jose, Susan J. Frankel i in. "Effects of Climate Change on Invasive Species". W Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States, 57–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_4.
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AbstractMean surface temperatures have increased globally by ~0.7 °C per century since 1900 and 0.16 °C per decade since 1970 (Levinson and Fettig 2014). Most of this warming is believed to result from increases in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases produced by human activity. Temperature increases have been greater in winter than in summer, and there is a tendency for these increases to be manifested mainly by changes in minimum (nighttime low) temperatures (Kukla and Karl 1993). Changes in precipitation patterns have also been observed, but are more variable than those of temperature. Even under conservative emission scenarios, future climatic changes are likely to include further increases in temperature with significant drying (drought) in some regions and increases in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events (IPCC 2007). For example, multimodel means of annual temperature from climate projections predict an increase of 3–9 °C in the United States over the next century combined with reductions in summer precipitation in certain areas (Walsh et al. 2014). These changes will affect invasive species in several ways. Furthermore, climate change may challenge the way we perceive and consider nonnative invasive species, as impacts to some will change and others will remain unaffected; other nonnative species are likely to become invasive; and native species are likely to shift their geographic ranges into novel habitats.
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Kendig, Amy E., S. Luke Flory, Erica M. Goss, Robert D. Holt, Keith Clay, Philip F. Harmon, Brett R. Lane, Ashish Adhikari i Christopher M. Wojan. "The role of pathogens in plant invasions." W Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 208–25. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0208.
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Abstract Plant-pathogen interactions occur throughout the process of plant invasion: pathogens can acutely influence plant survival and reproduction, while the large densities and spatial distributions of invasive plant species can influence pathogen communities. However, interactions between invasive plants and pathogens are often overlooked during the early stages of invasion. As with introductions of invasive plants, the introduction of agricultural crops to new areas can also generate novel host-pathogen interactions. The close monitoring of agricultural plants and resulting insights can inform hypotheses for invasive plants where research on pathogen interactions is lacking. This chapter reviews the known and hypothesized effects of pathogens on the invasion process and the effects of plant invasion on pathogens and infectious disease dynamics throughout the process of invasion. Initially, pathogens may inhibit the transport of potentially invasive plants. After arrival in a new range, pathogens can facilitate or inhibit establishment success of introduced plants depending on their relative impacts on the introduced plants and resident species. As invasive plants spread, they may encounter novel pathogens and alter the abundance and geographic range of pathogens. Pathogens can mediate interactions between invasive plants and resident species and may influence the long-term impacts of invasive plants on ecosystems. As invasive plants shift the composition of pathogen communities, resident species could be subject to higher disease risk. We highlight gaps in invasion biology research by providing examples from the agricultural literature and propose topics that have received little attention from either field.
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Holt-Jensen, Arild. "Synthesis of Physical and Human Geography: Necessary and Impossible?" W Socio-Spatial Theory in Nordic Geography, 69–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04234-8_5.
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AbstractThroughout its recorded history, the aims of geography have shifted between synthesis and specialized systematic studies. Cosmography, as understood by Alexander von Humboldt and others, presented an ambitious synthesis of climate, topography, biogeography, settlement and human life. Explorations financed by geographical societies gradually led to growth of specialized disciplines, particularly in natural sciences. This broad activity was regarded as geography by the general public and those that established geography chairs 1870–1910. The first professors adhered to synthesis of human and physical geography and found relevant research themes. Initially geography was dominated by environmental determinism, possibilism and a focus on regional geography through synthesis. Gradually specialized research in systematic branches led to a nomothetic shift to spatial science, inspiring models in both human and physical geography. Synthesis of physical and human geography remained an aim within spatial science but provided few integrating research exemplars. Synthesis of physical and human geo-factors was fundamental for the first professors and was seen as a goal for many geographers in the following generations, but has been difficult to attain in research projects. However, present global changes give our discipline new relevance for research on global sustainability.
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Zaman, Mohammad, i Md Akhtar Hossain. "The Charland Administration and Governance: Need for a Paradigm Shift". W Springer Geography, 403–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73592-0_24.
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Teng, Marc, i Kah Chee Chan. "Paradigm Shift in Learning Journey". W Learning Geography Beyond the Traditional Classroom, 101–8. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8705-9_7.
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Nelson, Emily, i Leigh Johnson. "Addressing the Socio-Spatial Challenges of Innovative Learning Environments for Practicum: Harmonics for Transitional Times". W Teacher Transition into Innovative Learning Environments, 291–303. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7497-9_23.
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AbstractA shift to Innovative Learning Environments (ILEs) in New Zealand schools is a current Ministry of Education strategic direction challenging how we as teacher educators prepare candidate teachers (student teachers or trainee teachers) to teach in these emerging environments. Candidate teachers in our primary teaching degree increasingly are placed in ILEs on practicum as these develop in schools in our geographic area. Our students report anecdotally that teaching in ILEs poses them steep and novel challenges around how they plan, teach, assess, manage students and learning, as well as work collaboratively with associate teachers and, increasingly, other colleagues. With our current programme underpinned by a more conventional image of teaching and learning, and schools transitioning between conventional and arguably more innovative, bespoke environments, we wondered how our students navigated the novel pedagogical and physical configurations they encountered in ILEs on practicum. We conducted focus group interviews with our candidate teachers and recent graduates who had completed one or more practicum in an innovative learning environment (as defined by the practicum school). We explored participants’ perceptions of the particular demands ILEs created for them. Utilising Lefebvre’s (The production of space. Trans. Blackwell, Cambridge, MA, 1991) socio-spatial trialectic and Monahan’s (Built pedagogies & technology practices: designing for participatory learning. Palo Alto, CA, 2000) notion of “built pedagogy” in this chapter we identify key socio-spatial entanglements, or harmonics, that emerge from our analysis and explore how these inform how we might better prepare our candidate teachers in these transitional times.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Geographic shift"
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Cong, Xiaoyan, Hongxuan zhu, Chunyuan Liu i Meihui Hou. "Research on automatic gear-shift strategy of heavy truck downhill based on geographic information prediction". W 3rd International Conference on Advanced Manufacturing Technology and Manufacturing Systems (ICAMTMS 2024), redaktorzy Dailin Zhang i Ke Zhang, 167. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3039214.
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Yang, Peirou, Weiheng Xu, Xingyong Liu i Leiguang Wang. "Potential Geographical Distributions and Spatial Shifts Trends of Ecological Tea Plantations of Camellia Sinensis VAR. Assamica in Yunnan Province, China". W IGARSS 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 4907–11. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10641326.
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Russo, Maxim. "Representation of lexical polysemy in the database (semantic shift 'sun/day')". W INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies. RSUH, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2023-22-1108-1111.
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This paper, based on the data from more than 600 languages collected during the work on the database of semantic shifts in the languages of the world, adresses the semantic transition 'sun'/'day'. We analyze the geographic and genealogical distribution of this semantic shift, the predominant direction of semantic development, and the patterns of morphological derivation associated with the shift.
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Li, Fuxian, Huan Yan, Hongjie Sui, Deng Wang, Fan Zuo, Yue Liu, Yong Li i Depeng Jin. "Periodic Shift and Event-aware Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network for Traffic Congestion Prediction". W SIGSPATIAL '23: 31st ACM International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3589132.3625612.
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Karunarathna, K. K. "Assessing the factors affecting the adoption of cashless payments by small-scale traders: a case study on Sri Lanka". W International Conference on Business Research. Business Research Unit (BRU), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/icbr.2023.6.
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This study investigates cashless payment adoption among small-scale traders in Sri Lanka, emphasizing those with capital investments below Rs. 4 million and workforces of 50 or fewer. Employing a positivist paradigm and a deductive approach based on the extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the research challenges prevailing assumptions. Findings, derived from multiple regression analysis on an 80-trader sample in the Kurunegala district, reveal that associated costs and past exposure insignificantly impact acceptance. In contrast, trust and customer demand emerge as pivotal factors, offering nuanced insights into Sri Lanka's societal shift towards cashless systems. While the study provides practical guidance for policymakers, limitations, such as modest sample size and geographic specificity, warrant cautious interpretation. Future research should diversify samples, adopt mixed methods, and explore emerging technologies for a comprehensive understanding. The study contributes substantively to practical and theoretical realms, challenging conventional assumptions and emphasizing regional variations in small-scale traders' attitudes toward cashless methods.
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Al-Sabea, S., M. Patra, K. Ziyab, A. Abueida, A. Najaf, M. Al-Haddad, M. M. Bu-Mijdad i in. "A Dynamic Shift in Stimulation and Completion Strategy to Develop the Complex Mishrif Reservoir of Minagish Field, Western Kuwait". W SPE International Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/215710-ms.
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Abstract One of the most complex reservoir structures in Kuwait is the Mishrif reservoir in the Minagish field of western Kuwait. This depleted reservoir is composed of multiple heavily faulted compartments, each trending in different directions and with varying depth extensions. Earlier production was heavily dependent on these faults. Of late, a dynamic change in approach is under study to maximize the sustained oil production. Recent findings from multiple openhole horizontal laterals crossing Mishrif using production logging tools and dynamic temperature survey enabled identification of some major faults as thief zones and not contributing to production. In extreme cases, mechanical isolation is necessary to overcome the losses and allow the well to produce. An openhole multistage completion (MSC) with extensive packer placement was deployed in a well in the central geographic area of the Mishrif crossing multiple faults and natural fractures. This was to study and to maximize the production potential after hydraulic acid fracturing. The combination of appropriate logging analysis, completion design, and hydraulic acid fracturing design were all key to the well production success. The subject well is the first MSC with the faults mechanically isolated and the production relying on the fractures. All stages were completed in a record 5 days with multiple onsite decisions to control the fluid leakoff during the treatments. Due to the degradable balls with the MSC, milling operation was not required. The stabilized production result of approximately 800 BOPD achieved the target. The dynamic changes in production over time can cause a complete shift in reservoir development strategy for the Mishrif reservoir. This is particularly due to the reservoir being highly faulted, complex, tight carbonate and highly depleted in nature. This paper describes the strategies used in multiple wells that led to a successful design and completion of the subject well.
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Santamaria, Giovanni. "Transforming Territories: A Landscape of “In-Tension-Alities”". W 2018 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2018.46.
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The flow of people, resources, material and immaterial goods, and at the same time regimes and strategies of control, have always shaped/reshaped our geographies and processes of urbanization. Therefore built and unbuilt landscapes have been characterized by gradual or dramatic changes, leading to new architectural typologies and urban morphologies corresponding to the transformation of means of production, distribution, circulation, consumption and to the shift of political, economic and ideological realms. The effects of these processes on structure and quality of space and life could be described as part of a complex Urban Metabolism¹ which looks at the city and its territory as a complex organism. This dynamic landscape has reached a high level of complexity where natural environments (geology, hydrology, topography) and cultural environments (productive lands, urban settlements, infrastructural networks) need to be synergistically understood as part of an articulated ecological system, with both micro and macro implications. It is the synthesis of geographic-historical contents (collective values), aesthetic-perceptual contents (individual values), and ecological-natural contents (biological values)², influenced more and more by natural and man-made disasters caused by climate change and human conflicts. Since the city as a definable entity and product of predetermined models has become obsolete, we are now called to work with a collage of fragments, heterogeneous and dynamic, often in opposition and unpredictable, subjected to the balance of variable forces, with their own order and rules, and their own ways of evolving, which we have to understand and manage³. This determines the need for new tools and methods to observe, record and assess urban phenomena, and the data regarding them, towards more sensitive interventions.
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Rozanova, Lyudmila I. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY IN THE CONTEXT OF CIVILIZATIONAL SHIFTS". W Treshnikov readings – 2022 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-88-4-2022-213-214.
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Russell, James A., i Wally H. Peters. "A Material and Energy Flow Analysis of South Carolina: Past, Present, and Future". W ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36180.
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Material and energy flows and land use in North America have shifted dramatically in the last several decades and even more dramatically over the last few centuries. As concerns mount regarding the environmental, economic, and social costs of imported energy sources; feasibility studies of energy independence are one tool for guiding energy policy decisions. This paper reviews the changes in land use, material flows, and energy flows in South Carolina over the past 400 years; showing the shift from a near hunter gatherer society, to an export based agrarian society, to the current fossil fuel dependent society. These phases and their impacts are compared and an analysis is carried out to determine the feasibility of maintaining the current system without the input of materials or energy from outside the geographic borders of the state. Historical data is combined with geospatial data sets to determine levels and limits of energy use and availability. Results include an assessment of the feasibility of using biomass, solar thermal, and solar photovoltaic technologies to maintain the current levels of consumption.
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Roibu, Melania, i Helga-Iuliana Bogdan Oprea. "Cinematography “sans Frontières.†International Cultural Metaphors and Commonplaces in the Romanian Cinema Terminology". W GLOCAL Conference on Mediterranean and European Linguistic Anthropology Linguistic Anthropology 2022. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/comela22.7-1.
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The paper deals with cultural conceptualisations of events as they are reflected in the cinematic lexicon. Three main goals are followed throughout the paper: 1) to emphasize that the cinema-related vocabulary involves the same concepts when it denotes extra-linguistic realities specific to the world of film; 2) to illustrate the shift from culture specific, to cross-cultural events (and vice versa), and 3) to indicate that the cinematic lexicon metonymically reflects these complementary moves (globalisation / localisation). In order to achieve these goals, we adopt the analytical tools of Cultural Linguistics, with an emphasis on cultural metaphors. We investigate the relationship between cultural conceptualisations and commonplaces, and reach the conclusion that patterns of thought trigger patterns of language, many of which are cross-cultural, as indicated by the fact that the structures used to convey such shared blocks of knowledge in different languages display either formal resemblance or shared semantic content. Another conclusion is that the cultural conceptualisations within the cinematic field are closely connected with the Oscar Awards Ceremony, which has become a landmark in the film industry, and is often replicated in other international film galas, exceeding the borders of a given culture as a result of multiculturalism and globalisation. ‘Localisation’ (the shift from cross-cultural to culture-specific events) is also possible. Yet, it should be regarded as an exception, since cinema illustrates interferences and identities which, from a cultural perspective, are common to geographic spaces that are located at significant distance from one another.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Geographic shift"
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Wallgren, Anders, i Britt Wallgren. Toward an Integrated Statistical System Based on Registers. Inter-American Development Bank, kwiecień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003204.
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This note describes how Latin American and Caribbean countries can join a revolution in statistical systems, moving from data collection based on geographic frames to one based on administrative registers, and the advantages of making this change. Northern European countries have already shifted from a traditional area frame-based statistical system to a register-based system, in which all surveys are based on statistical registers. Among the key advantages of the shift are: i) lower production costs; ii) potential for higher levels of geographic disaggregation and greater frequency; and iii) reduce the burden on informants by following the maxim of “ask once, use many times”. Evidence from Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru points to the viability of this transition in the region. However, to take better advantage of the new strategy, countries should invest to improve the quality and coverage of their administrative systems and should create an integrated register system, allowing for efficient data use, and ensuring consistency and coherence across statistical registries.
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Giacometti, Alberto, Mari Wøien Meijer i Hilma Salonen. Who drives green innovation in the Nordic Region? A change agency and systems perspective. Nordregio, marzec 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2024:101403-2503.
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In addressing the critical challenge of systemic sustainability, this report explores the need for more than a one-size-fits-all approach in the Nordic Region. It investigates the role of change agency processes and the impact of policies and framework conditions on green transition changes in business sectors. Our two case studies reveal some of the bottlenecks and drivers of innovation and explore them from a systemic perspective and in different geographic scales, both from a place-based and place-less perspective. The methodology adopted in the report is comprehensive, including a deep dive into the evolution of innovation theory and policy, following by an in-depth analysis of green innovation in two sectoral developments, including multi-storey wood construction and the so-called ‘protein shift’. It examines the roles of different stakeholders, including governments, businesses, and communities, in fostering an environment conducive to systemic change. The report relies on the academic and policy evolution of innovation theory and practice, identifying, what is argued to be, an emerging generation of innovation policies focused not only on economic but also on societal and environmental goals, which has generated a heated debate. To add nuance to this debate, our report utilised sector-based case studies relying on expert interviews to shed light on the roles of different agents in producing, not only technological but systems innovation. Against the background of systems innovations theory, this study provides some insights into the relevance of place, and proximity – not just geographic, but cognitive, institutional, organisational and social proximity. regional innovation landscape. Key findings reveal that systemic green innovations in the Nordic region happen as a result of the sum of multiple actors intentionally and unintentionally driving change in place-based and place-less settings. Several obstacles hinder setting a clear direction to innovation and path creation as these barriers are deeply entrenched in governance complexities, social institutions, and place-based industrial and structural path dependencies. Disrupting technological and systems ‘lock-ins’, is therefore, not the role of single agents but the result of multiple ones acting on a place-based or technology-based setting, and requires enhanced policy frameworks, and entrepreneurial public institutions moving beyond setting the ‘rules-of-the-game’ to actively orchestrating action, mobilising stakeholders and facilitating co-operation. The report emphasizes the significance of knowledge exchange and the creation of trust-based networks to accelerate the adoption of green innovations. It concludes by demonstrating that different green innovations develop under very different conditions and processes.
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McCall, Jamie. Assessing the Evidence: Promoting Economic Development in Rural North Carolina with Education, Workforce Development, Infrastructure, Healthcare, and Leadership. Carolina Small Business Development Fund, marzec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46712/rural.economic.development.
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Like many other states, North Carolina’s population dynamics have shown a definitive shift toward greater urbanization. Some of the population increase in urban areas is in-migration from outside the state. However, net population loss in many of North Carolina’s rural areas has been on the rise for years. Population outflows of this magnitude can bring an array of unique challenges for rural small firms. Chronic rural issues like unfavorable geography, endemic poverty, and poor infrastructure for business can pose serious economic development challenges. According to some scholars, level of rurality or geographical isolation is the primary variable in explaining why economic development outcomes vary across the United States. We assess the literature to determine what role small business development and complimentary strategies have in rural economic growth.
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Niles, John S., i J. M. Pogodzinski. Steps to Supplement Park-and-Ride Public Transit Access with Ride-and-Ride Shuttles. Mineta Transportation Institute, lipiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1950.
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Public transit ridership in California declined in the five years before the pandemic of 2020–21 and dropped significantly further after the pandemic began. A sharp downward step in the level of transit boarding occurred after February 2020, and continues to the date of this report as a result of the public-health guidance on social distancing, expanded work-at-home, and a travel mode shift from public transit to private cars. A critical issue has come to the foreground of public transportation policy, namely, how to increase the quality and geographic reach of transit service to better serve the essential trips of mobility disadvantaged citizens who do not have access to private vehicle travel. The research focus of this report is an examination of the circumstances where fixed route bus route service could cost-effectively be replaced by on-demand microtransit, with equivalent overall zone-level efficiency and a higher quality of complete trip service. Research methods were reviews of documented agency experience, execution of simple simulations, and sketch-level analysis of 2019 performance reported in the National Transit Database. Available evidence is encouraging and suggestive, but not conclusive. The research found that substitutions of flexible microtransit for fixed route buses are already being piloted across the U.S., with promising performance results. The findings imply that action steps could be taken in California to expand and refine an emphasis on general purpose microtransit in corridors and zones with a relatively high fraction of potential travelers who are mobility disadvantaged, and where traditional bus routes are capturing fewer than 15 boardings per vehicle hour. To be sufficiently productive as fixed route replacements, microtransit service technologies in the same or larger zones need to be capable of achieving vehicle boardings of five per hour, a challenge worth addressing with technology applications. Delivery of microtransit service can be undertaken through contracts with a growing set of private sector firms, which are developing processes to merge general purpose customers with those now assigned to ADA-required paratransit and Medi-Cal-supported non-emergency medical transport.
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Cerda, Maikol, David Cervantes, Paul Gertler, Sean Higgins, Ana María Montoya, Eric Parrado, Carlos Serrano, Raimundo Undurraga i Patricia Yáñez-Pagans. Research Insights: How Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises’ Use of Online Banking? Inter-American Development Bank, listopad 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005256.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly accelerated the digitalization of micro, small, and medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Latin America. The shift from in-person to online banking transactions has been both significant and permanent, becoming more important not only during the lockdowns but also after the economic recovery. This digital transformation has been observed across all industries, firm sizes, and geographical locations, indicating a broad-based response to the pandemics challenges.
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Handler, Stephen, Carrie Pike, Brad St. Clair, Hannah Abbotts i Maria Janowiak. Assisted Migration. USDA Forest Service Climate Change Resource Center, maj 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6893746.ch.
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Evidence suggests that species have responded individually during historic periods of dramatic
climate change through geographic migrations to and from unique glacial refugia [1, 2, 3]. Recent
research has demonstrated that many tree species are already undergoing distribution shifts in
response to climate change, with different studies highlighting species that are moving poleward
and higher in elevation [4], or moving east-west to track changes in moisture availability [5].
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Schorung, Matthieu. A Geographical Contribution on Interurban Passenger Rail Transportation in the United States. Mineta Transportation Institute, luty 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2212.
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Why does the rail infrastructure of the United States lag behind those of many other developed countries? Where is U.S. high-speed rail? This research approaches this in a dilemma by exploring Amtrak’s traditional rail services and high-speed rail projects in the nation to understand the workings of public rail transportation policies, what they contain, and how they are developed and pursued by the different stakeholders. This research utilizes case studies and a multiscale approach to analyze the territorialization of intercity rail transportation policies. The analysis demonstrates the emergence of a bottom-up approach to projects, notably apparent in the California HSR project and in the modernization of the Cascades corridor. Furthermore, this research concluded that, first, the development of uniform arguments and recommendations to encourage new rail policies emphasizes structuring effects and economic role of high-speed rail, congestion reduction, modal shift. Second, a tangible though uneven pro-rail position exists among public actors at all levels. Stakeholders prioritize improving and modernizing existing corridors for the launch of higher-speed services, and then on hybrid networks that combine different types of infrastructures. Although there are no publicly backed projects for new lines exclusively dedicated to high-speed rail, most of the high-speed corridors are in fact “higher-speed” corridors, some of which are intended to become high-speed at some time in the future.
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Hayashi, Tadateru, Sanchita Basu Das, Manbar Singh Khadka, Ikumo Isono, Souknilanh Keola, Kenmei Tsubota i Kazunobu Hayakawa. Economic Impact Analysis of Improved Connectivity in Nepal. Asian Development Bank, listopad 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200312-2.
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This study estimates and analyzes the economic impact of ongoing and future infrastructure development projects in Nepal by using the geographical simulation model developed by the Institute of Developing Economies (IDE-GSM). The IDE-GSM is a computational general equilibrium model based on spatial economics. The simulation analysis reveals that ongoing infrastructure development projects in Nepal benefit the country’s economy, and that the planned connectivity improvement with India will have positive impact with anticipated major shift in mode of transport for trade. The study takes into consideration efforts by the Government of Nepal to promote and strengthen international connectivity under the South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation framework.
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Speroni, Samuel, Asha Weinstein Speroni, Michael Manville i Brian D. Taylor. Charging Drivers by the Gallon vs. the Mile: An Equity Analysis by Geography and Income in California. Mineta Transportation Institute, wrzesień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2238.
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This study used data from the 2017 National Household Travel Survey California Add-On sample to explore how replacing the current state vehicle fuel tax with a flat-per-mile-rate road-user charge (RUC) would affect costs for different kinds of households. We first estimated how household vehicle fuel efficiency, mileage, and fuel tax expenditures vary by geography (rural vs. urban) and by income. These findings were then used to estimate how much different types of households pay in the current per-gallon state fuel tax, what they would pay if the state were to replace fuel taxes with a flat-rate road-usage charge (RUC) that would generate revenues similar to the current state fuel tax (2.52¢ per mile driven), and the difference in household expenditures between the fuel tax and RUC. We find that rural households tend to drive more miles and own less fuel-efficient vehicles than urban ones, so they pay comparatively more in fuel tax and would pay more with the RUC as well. However, this rural/urban variation is less for the RUC than the fuel tax, so moving to a flat-rate RUC would redistribute some of the overall tax burden from rural households (that drive more miles in fuel-thirsty vehicles) to urban households (that drive fewer miles in more fuel-efficient vehicles). Transitioning from the fuel tax to RUC would also generally shift the fuel tax burden from lower-income to higher-income households, with one exception: expenditures would rise for low-income urban households. However, the variation in the tax incidence between the gas tax and RUC is quite modest, amounting to less than one dollar per week for both urban and rural households at all income levels.
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Russo, Margherita, Fabrizio Alboni, Jorge Carreto Sanginés, Manlio De Domenico, Giuseppe Mangioni, Simone Righi i Annamaria Simonazzi. The Changing Shape of the World Automobile Industry: A Multilayer Network Analysis of International Trade in Components and Parts. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, styczeń 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp173.
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In 2018, after 25 years of the North America Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the United States requested new rules which, among other requirements, increased the regional con-tent in the production of automotive components and parts traded between the three part-ner countries, United States, Canada and Mexico. Signed by all three countries, the new trade agreement, USMCA, is to go into force in 2022. Nonetheless, after the 2020 Presi-dential election, the new treaty's future is under discussion, and its impact on the automo-tive industry is not entirely defined. Another significant shift in this industry – the acceler-ated rise of electric vehicles – also occurred in 2020: while the COVID-19 pandemic largely halted most plants in the automotive value chain all over the world, at the reopen-ing, the tide is now running against internal combustion engine vehicles, at least in the an-nouncements and in some large investments planned in Europe, Asia and the US. The definition of the pre-pandemic situation is a very helpful starting point for the analysis of the possible repercussions of the technological and geo-political transition, which has been accelerated by the epidemic, on geographical clusters and sectorial special-isations of the main regions and countries. This paper analyses the trade networks emerg-ing in the past 25 years in a new analytical framework. In the economic literature on inter-national trade, the study of the automotive global value chains has been addressed by us-ing network analysis, focusing on the centrality of geographical regions and countries while largely overlooking the contribution of countries' bilateral trading in components and parts as structuring forces of the subnetwork of countries and their specific position in the overall trade network. The paper focuses on such subnetworks as meso-level structures emerging in trade network over the last 25 years. Using the Infomap multilayer clustering algorithm, we are able to identify clusters of countries and their specific trades in the automotive internation-al trade network and to highlight the relative importance of each cluster, the interconnec-tions between them, and the contribution of countries and of components and parts in the clusters. We draw the data from the UN Comtrade database of directed export and import flows of 30 automotive components and parts among 42 countries (accounting for 98% of world trade flows of those items). The paper highlights the changes that occurred over 25 years in the geography of the trade relations, with particular with regard to denser and more hierarchical network gener-ated by Germany’s trade relations within EU countries and by the US preferential trade agreements with Canada and Mexico, and the upsurge of China. With a similar overall va-riety of traded components and parts within the main clusters (dominated respectively by Germany, US and Japan-China), the Infomap multilayer analysis singles out which com-ponents and parts determined the relative positions of countries in the various clusters and the changes over time in the relative positions of countries and their specialisations in mul-tilateral trades. Connections between clusters increase over time, while the relative im-portance of the main clusters and of some individual countries change significantly. The focus on US and Mexico and on Germany and Central Eastern European countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia) will drive the comparative analysis.