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Yu, Bin, i 于斌. "Study of recombineering technology in Salmonella and its applications". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/211555.
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In the past few years, in vivo recombination technologies have emerged to improve the efficiency and simplicity of genetic engineering in Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar, and other gram-negative bacteria. Phage λ Red homologous recombination system is used to mediate the accurate replacement of target DNA with PCR-generated ?targeting cassettes? that contain flanking regions of shared homologous DNA sequence. However, the efficiency of λ Red-mediated recombineering in Salmonella is far lower than that in Escherichia coli.
In this study, I firstly improved the recombineering-based strategy by using linear DNA targeting cassettes that contain long flanking ?arms? of sequence (ca. 1,000 base pairs) homologous to the chromosomal target. This reliable and efficient method enables multiple gene targeting procedures to be performed on a single Salmonella enterica serovar typhi Ty21a (Ty21a) chromosome in a straightforward, sequential manner with high efficiency. Secondly, I applied this improved strategy in construction of Salmonella to be live attenuated oral vaccine and tumor targeting vector.
In the first part of this thesis, I describe an improved method in Ty21a. Using this strategy, I inserted three different influenza antigen expression cassettes as well as a green fluorescent protein reporter gene into four different loci on the Ty21a chromosome with high efficiency and accuracy. Fluorescent microscopy and Western blotting analysis confirmed that strong inducible expression of all four heterologous genes could be achieved. The immune response of this vaccine was also evaluated by ELISA and ELIspots.
In the second part of this thesisi, I use this improved recombineering strategy to engineer bacteria of Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) as therapeutic agents against solid tumor. In current study, a major challenge for bacterial therapy of cancer is avoiding damage to normal tissues. Consequently the virulence of bacteria must be adequately attenuated for therapeutic use. An alternative approach was developed here. By placing an essential gene under a hypoxia conditioned promoter, S. typhimurium strain SL7207 was engineered to generate strain YB1 that survives only in anaerobic conditions without otherwise affecting its functions. In breast and liver tumor bearing mice models, YB1 grew within tumor, retarding its growth, while being rapidly eliminated from normal tissues. Mice treated with SL7207 were killed by infection within short period time. Inhibition of tumor growth by YB1 was significant and was enhanced by the addition of 5-FU in breast cancer model. The development of an “obligate” anaerobic Salmonella provides a much safer bacterial vector for further development of anti-tumor therapies without compromising the other functions or tumor fitness of the bacterium as attenuation methods normally do.
In summary, I have developed an efficient, robust and versatile method in genome-wide Salmonella genetic manipulation. Furthermore, I used this method to construct a recombinant Ty21a antigen-expressing vaccine strain and a tumor targeting YB1 strain.published_or_final_version
Biochemistry
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Hultin, Emilie. "Genetic Sequence Analysis by Microarray Technology". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4330.
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Lindroos, Katarina. "Accessing Genetic Variation by Microarray Technology". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2002. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5251-5/.
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Freethy, Randy J. "The ethics of genomic technology". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p001-1054.
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Weston, Delys E. "Democracy and political economy of genetic engineering /". Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070327.143205.
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Neadeau, Joseph Francis. "Comparing Genetic Modification and Genetic Editing Technolgies: Minimal Required Acreage". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29878.
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There are many technologies being developed for crop breeding. Two interesting technologies are genetic modification and genetic editing. Competitive pressures and changing consumer preferences are forcing organizations to invest heavily in these two technologies. Organizations must decide which traits they want to target and must commit significant time a money to the project. Traditionally, firms would decide which project to embark on if the project is net present value positive. Throughout the research and development process managers have flexibility to abandon the project once new information is received. That flexibility has value and real option analysis must be performed to value that flexibility. Once the value of a GM and GE project is determined, how might an organization decide which project to do? The concept of minimum required acreage (MRA) is developed in this study, allowing organizations to compare GM and GE technologies and decide which project to invest it.
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Zhuang, Nan. "Logic synthesis and technology mapping using genetic algorithms". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286760.
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Asadi, Romisa. "Development of genetic control technology for Tephritid pests". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/72611/.
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The olive fly, Bactrocera oleae, is the single most important pest in olive plantations. Currently, control of olive fly relies on the heavy use of chemical pesticides. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a highly effective, species-specific and environmentally non-polluting method of pest control that involves the mass-release of sterilised insects. SIT is considered a potentially valuable method for the control of olive fly. Previous olive fly SIT attempts failed due to an inability to produce large numbers of flies, low egg production rates and lack of a method to separate the sexes. RIDL (Release of Insects carrying a Dominant Lethal) is a biotechnology-based variant of SIT. This could potentially overcome several problems of classical SIT, including the radiation damage to insects. To develop fly male sterility, we have identified and tested several different germline specific promoters and several potential effector genes. These have been linked to the ‘tet-off’ expression system, which is suppressed by dietary tetracycline, and were initially tested in the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) for practicality. In the absence of tetracycline, tTAV binds to its target sequence, tetO, and activates expression of downstream genes. Flies carrying a promoter construct (topi-tTAV or β2-tubulin-tTAV) in medfly were crossed to flies carrying effector constructs (tetO-I-ppoI, tetO-3zincfinger or tetO-ProtamineFokI). A combination of β2-tubulin-tTAV and tetO-ProtamineFokI gave the best male sterility in medfly. A construct containing both elements was designed, and transposon-based germline transformation was used to generate and test ten olive fly strains. Progeny assessment off tetracycline indicates high penetrance of the male-sterile phenotype in all strains, with only 0.0-2.4% viable progeny; this sterile phenotype appears to be completely suppressed by provision of dietary tetracycline.
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Veikondis, Rene. "Genetic characterisation of fungal disease resistance genes in grapevine using molecular marker technology". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96090.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study on grapevine was to genetically characterise, validate and map the reported fungal disease resistance genes of Pölöskei Muskotály (PM), Kishmish Vatkana (KV) and Villard Blanc (VB) in South Africa using QTL analysis. These fungal resistant parents were crossed with other varieties that have desirable fruit qualities in an effort to combine fungal disease resistance with desirable fruit qualities in a single variety. The genetic basis of PM’s resistance to downy and powdery mildew has not been investigated before. It does however have VB in its pedigree so the assumption was made that the same QTL/genes present in VB contribute to this resistance. KV’s resistance to powdery mildew reportedly originates from the REN1 gene located on chromosome 13. VB’s powdery and downy mildew resistance is conferred by QTL present on chromosome 15 and chromosome 18 respectively and has been reported in numerous studies. The study populations comprised of 124 F1 PM x Regal Seedless plants, 16 F1 PM x G4-3418 plants, 14 F1 PM x Sunred Seedless plants, 158 F1 Sunred Seedless x KV plants and 250 F1 VB x G1-6604 plants. DNA was extracted from the leaves and all plants were screened using microsatellite markers. Phenotypic evaluations of downy and/or powdery mildew resistance were performed on the appropriate populations. The molecular data was used to generate linkage maps and combined with phenotypic data to perform QTL analysis. From the molecular data generated for the three PM populations it was determined that the F1 progeny inherited almost exclusively maternal alleles, and could not be used in a mapping study. These populations were eliminated from the study and PM will be used as a pollen donor in future. Molecular data from the Sunred Seedless x KV cross was used to generate a linkage map for chromosome 13 comprising eight markers and spanning 45.6 cM. When combined with the data from two powdery mildew phenotypic screens a QTL peak spanning the REN1 gene on chromosome 13 of KV was identified. This locus explains between 44.8% and 57.7% of the phenotypic variance observed. The molecular data from the VB x G1-6604 cross was used to generate partial linkage maps for chromosome 15 and 18. Eleven markers were mapped on chromosome 15 spanning 56.4 cM, and ten markers were mapped on chromosome 18 spanning 101.8 cM. When the chromosome 15 linkage map was combined with the data from two powdery mildew phenotypic screens a QTL associated with powdery mildew resistance was identified on chromosome 15 that explains between 18.9% and 23.9% of the phenotypic variance observed. Likewise a QTL associated with downy mildew resistance was identified on chromosome 18 when the chromosome 18 linkage map was combined with data from two downy mildew phenotypic screens. This QTL explains between 19.1% and 21.2% of the phenotypic variance observed. This study succeeded in genetically characterising the fungal disease resistance genes of two different sources of grapevine and provided exclusionary information on a third resistance source for future breeding applications.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie in wingerd was om die genetiese komponent van die swamweerstandsgene van Pölöskei Muskotály (PM), Kishmish Vatkana (KV) and Villard Blanc (VB) in Suid-Afrika te karakteriseer en die teenwoordigheid daarvan te bevestig deur ʼn Kwantitatiewe Eienskap Lokus (KEL) benadering te volg. In ʼn poging om swamweerstand en goeie vrugeienskappe te kombineer in ʼn enkel variëteit is die weerstandige variëteite met vatbare variëteite gekruis wat goeie vrugeienskappe besit. Die genetiese basis van PM se weerstand teen donsskimmel en witroes is nog nie vantevore bestudeer nie. VB is een van sy voorgeslagte en daar is aangeneem dat dieselfde KEL/gene waarskynlik verantwoordelik is vir die weerstand. Dit is gerapporteer dat KV se witroesweerstand afkomstig is van die REN1 geen op chromosoom 13. Vele publikasies rapporteer VB se weerstand teen witroes en donsskimmel Beide die witroes- en donsskimmelweerstand word oorgedra deur KEL teenwoordig op chromosome 15 en 18 onderskeidelik. Die populasies gebruik in hierdie studie het bestaan uit 124 F1 PM x Regal Seedless plante, 16 F1 PM x G4-3418 plante, 14 F1 PM x Sunred Seedless, 158 F1 Sunred Seedless x KV plante en 250 F1 VB x G1-6604 plante onderskeidelik. Blare is versamel vir DNS isolasie en genotipering met mikrosatellietmerkers. Al drie populasies se weerstand teen donsskimmel en/of witroes is fenotipies geëvalueer. Die molekulêre data is gebruik om genetiese koppelingskaarte op te stel en gekombineer met die fenotipiese data om KEL analise uit te voer. Die molekulêre data van die drie PM populasies het daarop gedui dat die F1 nageslag amper uitsluitlik moederlike allele geërf het en kon gevolglik nie gebruik word in die studie nie. Die PM populasies is uitgesluit uit hierdie studie en PM sal voortaan as stuifmeelskenker gebruik word. Molekulêre data van die Sunred Seedless x KV kruising is gebruik om ʼn koppelingskaart vir chromosoom 13 op te stel wat 45.6 cM lank is en agt merkers bevat. Die KEL analise van die koppelingskaart en twee fenotipiese datastelle vir witroes het ʼn KEL piek geïdentifiseer wat oor die lengte van die REN1 geen-interval strek. Hierdie lokus is verantwoordelik vir 44.8% tot 57.7% van die fenotipiese variasie wat waargeneem word. Molekulêre data van die VB x G1-6604 kruising is gebruik om gedeeltelike koppelingskaarte vir chromosome 15 en 18 op te stel. Elf merkers karteer op die chromosoom 15 kaart van 56.4 cM en tien merkers karteer op die chromosoom 18 kaart van 101.8 cM. KEL analise van chromosoom 15 se koppelingskaart en twee witroes fenotipiese datastelle het ʼn KEL geïdentifiseer wat 18.9% tot 23.9% van die fenotipiese variasie verduidelik. ʼn KEL is ook op chromosoom 18 geïdentifiseer wat 19.1% tot 21.2% van die fenotipiese variasie verduidelik met die gekombineerde analise van chromosoom 18 se koppelingskaart en twee donsskimmel fenotipiese datastelle. Hierdie studie het die genetiese komponent van die swamweerstandsgene van twee Vitis variëteite suksesvol gekarakteriseer en bevestig. Waardevolle telingsinligting oor die derde variëteit is ook onthul.
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Johansson, Magnus. "Financial application of genetic programming". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-17091.
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Jenner, Kris Harlan. "The study of inherited diseases using recombinant DNA technology". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670385.
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Esparcia, Alcázar Anna Isabel. "Genetic programming for adaptive digital signal processing". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1998. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4780/.
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Risely, Melissa. "The politics of precaution : an eco-political investigation of agricultural gene technology policy in Australia, 1992-2000". Title page, contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr5953.pdf.
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Dixit, Atray (Atray Chitanya). "Methods for bounding genetic nonlinearities". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117897.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Medical Engineering and Medical Physics, Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Complex hierarchical structures are a hallmark of life. Within multicellular organisms, the building blocks of these structures are cells; within cells, they are genes. The interdependence of these building blocks is difficult to measure but is integral to the biological processes of health and disease, which emerge from the dynamism of thousands of interacting genes. This cooperativity manifests in particular mutations which accumulate over the course of cancer progression, gender-specific medical conditions, and transcription factor cocktails used to reprogram differentiated cells into stem cells. However, it is experimentally intractable to test the significance of perturbing every unique combination of genes. Instead, we explore gross features of this interaction space to determine how prevalent these synergies are. We take a top-down approach, creating new methods to measure the effects of removing genes from the full set. In the first, we develop a method to measure the transcriptional response to genetic perturbations across hundreds of thousands of cells revealing opposing classes of transcription factors regulating the immune response of dendritic cells. In the second, we create a method to measure how millions of combinations of genetic perturbations impact the growth rate of cancer cell lines.
by Atray Dixit.
Ph. D. in Medical Engineering and Medical Physics
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Mansfield, Robert Patrick William. "Developments in genetic engineering of novel acetogens". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/51833/.
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The development of processes for sustainable energy and chemical production is of great importance for the health of our planet. Utilising suitable feedstocks such as renewable resources and existing waste streams is central to making such processes a reality. Microorganisms can be employed in the processing of a diverse range of such feedstocks, offering unique routes of production for useful and valuable chemical products. Acetogenic organisms, capable of fermenting single carbon (C1) feedstocks are especially interesting from the perspective of industrial application. Their natural metabolism and biochemistry enables fixation of low energy C1 compounds, under conditions which would typically be unfeasible with traditional chemical catalysts. Genetic research and development of new acetogenic species opens the door to industrially feasible, and economically attractive, sustainable bioprocessing. This study outlines the genetic development of the methanol and syngas fermenting acetogen E. limosum. This includes establishing gene-transfer and genetic engineering tools in this organism for first time. Additionally, we demonstrate the genetic engineering of synthetic metabolic pathways in this strain to enable production of valuable chemicals, acetone and isopropanol. Gene-transfer is a cornerstone of modern genetic research in microorganisms, and so effective methods of establishing it are of significant value. We present the development of an improved methodology for enabling and enhancing gene transfer in recalcitrant microorganisms which contain active restriction modification (RM) systems. The method harnesses lambda-red recombineering to support the rapid creation of tailored methylation donor (MD) strains for the preparation and protection of transforming plasmids. The process is uniquely designed in a manner which enables compatibility with both electroporation and conjugation methods of gene transfer.
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Dahl, Fredrik. "Selector Technology : For Multiplex DNA Analysis". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5921.
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Isaksson, Magnus. "Extracting Genomic Variations using Selector Technology". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för genetik och patologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-121429.
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This thesis describes the development and use of a new class of molecular tools called Selector probes, and its potential for investigations of genetic variation. The Selector technology provides multiplex amplification of targeted DNA sequences with a high specificity, and an enrichment factor in the same order of magnitude as PCR. A common feature in this thesis work is to focus the analysis on DNA regions of interest. For example, this technique can be implemented in analysing candidate regions found by whole genome studies that need validation (global to local analysis), and applications requiring detection of rare alleles (common to rare allele), important in for example cancer samples. An assay is presented that allows for fast and simple quantification of relative copy-number variations. The method was proven to be able to detect aneuploidy in chromosome 13, 18, 21 and X, with a resolution enough to distinguish between 4 and 5 copies. The method was successfully applied to solve a biological question regarding a copy-number variation, that explains the Ridge phenotype typical for the dog bread Rhodesian Ridgebacks. The Selector strategy was able to detect and map a tandem duplication with a size of 133 kb, which was characterized with base-pair resolution. A readout platform that facilitates simultaneous digital quantitative analysis of a large numbers of biomolecules is further introduced. The work involves arraying amplified product from successful selection and decoding each molecule by hybridization of fluorophore labeled oligonucleotides. Finally, a genome partitioning method which is applied upstream of next generation sequencing platforms is presented. It is shown that the method provides successful enrichment with 98 % coverage and 94 % specificity and high enrichment uniformity. The technique was applied for mutation analysis of 26 cancer-related genes in tumor cell-lines and tissue.
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Fredriksson, Mona. "Using Minisequencing Technology for Analysing Genetic Variation in DNA and RNA". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4789.
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In this thesis, the four-color fluorescence tag-microarray minisequencing system pioneered by our group was further developed and applied for analysing genetic variation in human DNA and RNA. A SNP marker panel representing different chromosomal regions was established and used for identification of informative SNP markers for monitoring chimerism after stem cell transplantation (SCT). The success of SCT was monitored by measuring the allelic ratios of informative SNPs in follow-up samples from nine patients with leukaemia. The results agreed with data obtained using microsatellite markers. Further the same SNP marker panel was used for evaluation of two whole genome amplification methods, primer extension preamplification (PEP) and multiple displacement amplification (MDA) in comparison with genomic DNA with respect to SNP genotyping success and accuracy in tag-array minisequencing. Identical results were obtained from MDA products and genomic DNA.
The tag-microarray minisequencing system was also established for multiplexed quantification of imbalanced expression of SNP alleles. Two endothelial cell lines and a panel of ten coding SNPs in five genes were used as model system. Six heterozygous SNPs were genotyped in RNA (cDNA) from the cell lines. Comparison of the relative amounts of the SNPs alleles in cDNA to heterozygote SNPs in genomic DNA displayed four SNPs with significant imbalanced expression between the SNP alleles. Finally, the tag-array minisequencing system was modified for detection of splice variants in mRNA from five leukaemia cell lines. A panel of 20 cancer-related genes with 74 alternatively splice variants was screened. Over half of the splice variants were detected in the cell lines, and similar alternative splicing patterns were observed in each cell line. The results were verified by size analysis of the PCR product subjected to the minisequencing primer extension reaction. The data from both methods agreed well, evidencing for a high sensitivity of our system.
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Zhang, Zhifen. "Use of genetic transformation technology in oil crops: soybean and sunflower". The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1462871872.
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Moore, Heather Corrina. "Genetic Profiling of the Bovine Pituitary Gland Using cDNA Microarray Technology". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194108.
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Goals of this dissertation were to 1) use custom-made cDNA microarrays to identify genes in the bovine pituitary gland that are differentially expressed during the estrous cycle and 2) characterize their patterns of gene expression. The estrous cycle is a dynamic process that requires coordination between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries. The anterior pituitary gland synthesizes and secretes the gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), which regulate steroidogenesis and follicular development. Currently, intrapituitary factors that modulate gonadotropin synthesis, storage, and release are not well described, thus, requiring investigation. To investigate the validity of the microarray results, we performed real-time PCR on 35 genes identified by cDNA microarray as being differentially regulated. Overall, microarray and real-time PCR results were consistent among our experiments suggesting that cDNA microarray is an efficacious tool for profiling gene expression in the bovine pituitary gland. Our first experiment was designed to identify genes that were regulated during the early luteal phase. This period is characterized by steadily increasing concentrations of progesterone (P4) from nadir to maximum. Samples from three different time points, d 2, d 6, and d 10 following initiation of the first follicular wave, were compared. One hundred and sixty nine genes were determined to be differentially expressed. Ten of these genes were validated using real-time PCR. The other two studies were designed to identify genes that were regulated during the preovulatory period as induced by the administration of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α). This period is characterized by a decrease in circulating concentrations of P4 coincident with an increase in circulating concentrations of estradiol. Prior to the surge, FSH and LH are disconcordinately released but the underlying mechanisms regulating their release is unknown. The second study identified 1406 genes to be differentially regulated during the 72 h following administration of PGF2α. Twenty-seven of these transcripts were validated by real-time PCR. The third study identified 503 genes to be differentially regulated during the 48 h following administration of PGF2α. Twenty two of these transcripts were validated by real-time PCR. Together these experiments have identified several genes as potential intrapituitary factors that may function to regulate the reproductive axis.
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He, Huiqi. "Miniaturized electroporation system for gene transfer using bio-MEMS technology /". View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?BIEN%202007%20HE.
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Ekström, Jens-Ola. "Algorithms for Aligning Genetic Sequences to Reference Genomes". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-142507.
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The technologies for sequencing genetic materials have improved vastly during the last fifteen years. Sequences can now be determined to affordable costs and therefore are more genetic sequences available than ever before. The bottleneck is no longer to obtain genetic sequences but rather to analyze all the sequence data. A primary step in sequence analysis is to determine a sequence fragment’s position in the genome, a process called aligning. From Computing Science point of view, this is essentially text matching. This is however a much more complex task than searching for strings in ordinary text documents. First, there is large amount of data. An ordinary sequencing experiment could generate more than 100 million sequences. Each sequence should be matched to a reference genome sequence, which is some billions characters in size. Second, the obtained sequences may have differences compared to the reference genome sequence. The algorithms are thus not only searching for exact matches, but for the best approximate matches. In this work I review the algorithms behind modern sequence alignment softwares. I also propose to evaluate to the fast Fourier transform for the task.
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Emenheiser, Joseph Carl. "Use of ultrasound technology in the genetic improvement of U.S. lamb composition". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31178.
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Ultrasound technology allows in vivo estimation of carcass composition. Successful genetic evaluation of ultrasonic measures depends upon technician certification guidelines and a viable common-endpoint adjustment strategy for field data.
Four technicians and three image interpreters ultrasonically evaluated 172 lambs to determine accuracy and repeatability of loin eye area (LEA), backfat thickness (BF), and body wall thickness (BW) estimations. Correlations between ultrasonic and carcass measurements were 0.66, 0.78, and 0.73 for LEA, BF, and BW, respectively. Performance was similar among technicians and interpreters. Mean bias ranged from -1.30 to -2.66 cm2, -0.12 to -0.17 cm, and 0.14 to -0.03 cm, for LEA, BF, and BW, respectively; prediction standard errors ranged from 1.86 to 2.22 cm2, 0.12 to 0.14 cm, and 0.35 to 0.38 cm, respectively. Repeatability standard errors ranged from 1.61 to 2.45 cm2, 0.07 to 0.11 cm, and 0.36 to 0.42 cm for LEA, BF, and BW, respectively.
Changes in ultrasonic measurements were evaluated using seven serial scans on 24 growing Suffolk ram lambs. All equations had similar goodness of fit. Equations were tested on other populations, including similarly-managed rams across breeds and years and ewe lambs fed for slower gain. Correlations between predicted and actual measures ranged from 0.78 to 0.87 for BF and 0.66 to 0.93 for LEA in winter-born rams, were only slightly lower in fall-born rams, and ranged from 0.72 to 0.74 for BF and 0.54 to 0.76 for LEA in ewe lambs. Of the equations tested, linear and allometric forms appear best for general use.Master of Science
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Oh, Jay J. "The Imago Dei and its implications for germ-line genetic enhancement technology". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.
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Rossi, Jairus. "Ecological Restoration's Genetic Culture: Participation and Technology in the Making of Landscapes". UKnowledge, 2013. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/geography_etds/15.
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Practitioners of ecological restoration are increasingly adopting a genetic perspective when recreating historical landscapes. Genes are often endowed with the capacity to reveal specific and distinct relationships between organisms and environments. In this dissertation, I examine how genetic technologies and concepts are shaping ecological restoration practices. This research is based on two and a half years of fieldwork in Chicago. I employed participant observation and semi-structured interviews to compare how restorationists in two plant science institutions employ genetic concepts in their projects. One institution uses high-tech genetic methods to guide practice while the other uses lower-tech genetic approaches. Each group has distinct, yet internally diverse ways of deciding which seeds are ‘local enough’ to be included in a project.
This research theorizes how classification differences regarding native seeds are part of a broader set of genetic logics I refer to as ‘genetic epistemologies’. Specifically, I ask how genetic technologies circumscribe different ways of seeing and making landscapes. I compare how restorationists delineated valid seed sourcing regions for restoration projects based on their genetic definitions of ‘native’ species. Drawing from science & technology studies, political ecology, and cultural landscape geography, I illustrate how restorationists incorporate cultural preferences, funding imperatives, aesthetics, and discourses about nature into their particular genetic epistemology.
From this research, I offer the following conclusions. By incorporating genetic technology into ecological restoration, many practitioners feel their work will achieve more precision. Yet this perspective is typical of those who do not directly use genetic technologies. Scientists using direct genetic analyses are much more reserved about the potential of their technologies to match organisms to environments. Second, individuals or groups often come into conflict when attempting to apply different genetic epistemologies to the same problem. These conflicts are resolved in the course of planning and implementing a restoration project. Finally, direct genetic methods are only useful in restoration work involving rare or endangered species. Despite the limited utility of genetic technology in restoration, this approach is becoming influential. Chicago’s high-tech plant science institution is discursively reshaping the goals and approaches of native plant institutions that do not use these technologies.
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Yin, Guangyao. "Theoretical analysis and experiments of single cell electroporation using MEMS technology /". View abstract or full-text, 2010. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?BIEN%202010%20YIN.
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Chow, Rachel Anne. "The genetic characterization of populations comprising the Austronesian language family". FIU Digital Commons, 2004. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2349.
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Ascertaining the genetic relationships between Austronesian populations is pivotal to understanding their dispersal throughout the islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The Austronesian expansion dates to approximately 6,000 years ago and from the linguistic and archeological evidence, the origin of this dispersal appears to be Taiwan. In this study, six polymorphic point mutation loci were studied in Taiwanese aborigines and compared with 32 other populations. The genetic relationships were characterized by maximum likelihood analysis, principal component maps, centroid gene flow plots, expected heterozygosities, power of discrimination values and pair wise G-tests. Following these analyses, it was apparent that genetic similarities existed between the Atayal and the Chinese, whereas the Ami displayed similarities with the Native Americans. Thus, the Atayal have little or no affinity for the Ami and other Austronesian populations. The large genetic differences between the two groups most likely arise from genetic isolation, and/or small population sizes.
28
Thakur, Sanjay, i n/a. "The ethics of preimplantation genetic diagnosis". University of Otago. Department of Philosophy, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060816.105106.
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Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is a technique used in the field of assisted reproduction. The technique is applied to embryos that have been created in vitro, in order to facilitate the selection of embryos according to particular genetic parameters. The use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis by prospective parents at high risk for having a child affected by a genetic disorder has facilitated the birth of unaffected children. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis has already been used for other purposes, such as screening for gender, and could in principle be used to screen for a wide range of genetic traits. The aim of this thesis is to provide good answers to the ethical questions provoked by the advent and continuing development of preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
The thesis is divided into four parts. Part One provides a brief overview of the science of genetic selection. Part Two is centred on a discussion of two ethical principles. The principle of procreative liberty is based upon the idea that acts of interference in the reproductive lives of others should be avoided unless there is good justification for such acts. The principle of procreative beneficence is based upon the idea that prospective parents should select the child, of the possible children they could have, who is expected to have the best life. I will argue that the principle of procreative liberty should be applied to acts of interference in individuals� freedom to use preimplantation genetic diagnosis, while the principle of procreative beneficence should be applied to acts of selecting children.
In Part Three, I will endorse a position that accords embryos a relatively low moral status, reject the arguments of the disability rights critique, argue that the eugenic aspects of preimplantation genetic diagnosis do not warrant much concern, and develop a framework for critically evaluating slippery slope arguments. Finally, in Part Four, specific applications of preimplantation genetic diagnosis will be examined in detail. Although each application raises unique ethical questions, this thesis aims to demonstrate that the consistent application of the principles and preliminary conclusions developed in Parts Two and Three provides the best means for determining how PGD should be used and which uses should be restricted.
29
Ohlin, Mats. "Human monoclonal antibody technology a tool to investigate human antibody repertoires /". Lund : Dept. of Immunotechnology, Lund University, 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39693827.html.
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Mohan, Nisha. "Individualised modelling using transductive inference and genetic algorithms this thesis is presented as a part of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Information Technology at the Auckland University of Technology, June 2005". Full thesis. Abstract, 2005.
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Huggins, Rachel. "Can genetic justice survive? : DNA technology and social control in the 21st century". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ54286.pdf.
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Dahlgren, Andreas. "Analysis of Complex Genetic Traits in Population Cohorts using High-throughput Genotyping Technology". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8291.
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Miah, Andy. "Philosophical and ethical questions concerning technology in sport : the case of genetic modification". Thesis, De Montfort University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/5205.
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Johnson, Richard. "Factors affecting intent to use consumer genetic tests : a revised technology acceptance model". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24001.
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Genetic testing offers disease diagnosis and other information based on genetic material provided by an individual. Direct to consumer genetic tests bypass clinicianadministered tests in favour of direct sales and usage by consumers. The relative newness of consumer genetic testing to the South African market provides an opportunity for understanding the factors that would drive adoption of these products. An established technology acceptance model was enriched with factors important to clinical genetic testing and individual innovativeness. The model was tested through an online questionnaire with a nonprobability sample of 109 individuals. Factors including performance expectancy, social influence and discrimination concerns, were found to exhibit significant influence on consumers’ behavioural intention to use consumer genetic tests. These findings provide a theoretical framework of individuals’ attributes of importance for marketing and sales of consumer genetic tests. CopyrightDissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
35
Liddell, Kathleen. "Biolaw and deliberative democracy : regulating human genetic technology in a morally pluralist society". Thesis, Oxford : Univ. of Oxford, Division of Social Sciences; Faculty of law, 2003. http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz118775707inh.htm.
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Bevington, Linda K. "The creation of humankind in the image of God and the incarnation of Christ implications for human genetic engineering, reproductive technology, and cloning /". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.
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Ozbey, Halil. "A Genetic-based Intelligent Intrusion Detection System". Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606636/index.pdf.
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In this study we address the problem of detecting new types of intrusions to computer systems which cannot be handled by widely implemented knowledge-based mechanisms. The solutions offered by behavior-based prototypes either suffer low accuracy and low completeness or require use data eplaining abnormal behavior which actually is not available. Our aim is to develop an algorithm which can produce a satisfactory model of the target system&rsquos behavior in the absence of negative data. First, we design and develop an intelligent and behavior-based detection mechanism using genetic-based machine learning techniques with subsidies in the Bucket Brigade Algorithm. It classifies the possible system states to be normal and abnormal and interprets the abnormal state observations as evidences for the presence of an intrusion. Next we provide another algorithm which focuses on capturing normal behavior of the target system to detect intrusions again by identifying anomalies. A compact and highly complete rule set is generated by continuously inserting observed states as rules into the rule set and combining similar rule pairs in each step. Experiments conducted using the KDD-99 data set have produced fairly good results for both of the algorihtms.
38
Bentley, Patricia Peterson 1954. "Genetic manipulation : the paradox of control in a flexible corporation". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34340.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Science, Technology and Society, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (p. 399-410).
This dissertation is a two-theme ethnography focusing on the early history of one company within the context of the turbulent business environment of the 1990's. One theme is the control exercised by a corporation to mold its people to achieve certain productive ends, focusing on three areas: culture, physical environment and technology. The second theme is the ability of a corporation to be flexible. Taken together, the two themes form the self-contradictory notion of trying to control a group to increase its ability to be flexible. Many writers who focus on organizations have found the biological metaphor of evolution a useful way to conceptualize some aspects of a successful firm. In contrast I find the biological metaphor of genetic manipulation best illustrates the kind of control exercised by the leadership of this particular firm. From its inception, the leadership team wanted to create a flexible firm, one that could thrive in a turbulent environment. Rather than rely on a multiplicity of heterogeneous experiments, they actively manipulated specific aspects of the firm. The early results, the formation of a successful company, suggested that those controls and the decision to actively mold the firm using such controls were the right choices. When faced with a radical change in the marketplace, the arrival of the Internet economy, the leaders of this firm responded with the same technique and once again were able to mold a successful firm. To the extent that the Internet economy requires companies to change at Internet speed, this firm's ability to manipulate its own "DNA" may well be a model for success for other firms in this environment.
by Patricia Peterson Bentley.
Ph.D.
39
Baccare, Grace. "Genetic Enhancement, Hyperagency, and Humanity. An Investigation of the Implications". Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108028.
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Thesis advisor: Jeffrey BloechlThe genetic enhancement the human genome would be humanity’s most extreme attempt in the quest for hyperagency, and will have negative implications for our sense of humanity. Hyperagency is an extreme over-expression of our own human agency; everything is transparent, subject to our control and manipulation, and in accordance with our own interests. Modern era philosophical theories in subjectivity and agency have developed, evolved, and responded to advancements in science and technology over the past few centuries, and have all contributed to the current shift in understanding of our own humanity, influencing the rise of hyperagency in the postmodern world. The act of manipulating an organism’s genetic material for the purposes of changing and modifying its characteristics is referred to as genetic modification. The term genetic enhancement is more specifically indicative of the process of modifying nonpathological, or non-disease related genes. Genetic enhancement, in the form of germline engineering especially, exhibits a dangerous attitude of hyperagency that will have negative consequences for humanity as a whole. Hyperagency not only disrupts our sense of reverence before mystery and depth but also threatens our sense of morality in relating to the world. If continued, practices in hyperagency such as genetic enhancement will lead us to lose our sense of humanity altogether
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2018
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Departmental Honors
Discipline: Philosophy
40
Nebaeus, Tobias. "Optimal Scaling Configurations for Microservice-Oriented Architectures Using Genetic Algorithms". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-164765.
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Genetic algorithms (GAs) are a powerful tool for solving multi-objective optimization problems. Resource allocation and scaling of cloud systems typically involve multiple conflicting objectives, such as high through putin the presence of failures, cost, and reduced latency. Microservice-based architectures introduce additional complexities since the underlying services respond differently to different workloads. In this work, the performance of two multi-objective GAs is compared on the problem of finding efficient scaling configurations of a microservice-based architecture. Results show that while the use of GAs is effective at finding efficient configurations, GAs can not be used for larger systems involving many microservices or for systems that make use of caching.
41
Goodman, Daniel B. (Daniel Bryan). "Understanding genetic systems through multiplexed design, synthesis, and measurement". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104615.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics, Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 149-158).
Next-generation DNA sequencing has allowed us to extract vast quantities of functional information from genetic systems. However, natural systems represent only a fraction of all possible DNA sequences. Our understanding of how genomes function is limited by our ability to make modifications and test hypotheses. Multiplexed DNA synthesis now allows us to generate thousands of computationally designed sequences, each representing a physical hypothesis to test. Here, we combine DNA sequencing and synthesis technologies to design, make, and measure the behavior of thousands of new genetic elements in the bacterium E. coli. We begin by quantifying the interactions between regulatory elements that control transcription and translation and show that these interactions create large deviations from the predicted behavior of individual elements. Regulatory elements also interact with the codons of the genes they control. We show that rare codon usage at the beginning of genes unexpectedly leads to a strong increase in protein translation due to the relationship between codon rarity, genomic nucleotide bias, and mRNA structure. We next examine the behavior of regulatory elements that bind transcription factors by designing and synthesizing over 100,000 transcriptional circuits. From each circuit we measure repression, activation, and small-molecule induction, deriving relationships between DNA sequence features and functional properties including cooperativity, sensitivity, and dynamic range of gene expression response. Finally, as the scale and speed of DNA synthesis and functional readout continues to increase, our ability to computationally design and analyze genetic systems has become the bottleneck. We have built software to predict and design individual genetic elements in high throughput (Promuter) as well as software to analyze and compare hundreds of evolved or engineered bacterial whole genomes (Millstone). As generating high dimensional datasets becomes exponentially easier than designing experiments and extracting knowledge, bioinformatics, machine learning, and data science will become the primary tools we use to pose new hypotheses and build models of biology.
by Daniel B. Goodman.
Ph. D. in Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics
42
Reynolds, David. "Theory of genetic algorithms with applications to heat integration networks". Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296464.
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Requena, Osete Jordi. "Advancing induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology by assessing genetic instability and immune response". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457970.
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Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) can be made from adult somatic cells by reprogramming them with Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc. IPSC have given rise to a new technology to study and treat human disease (Takahashi et al., 2007). However, before iPSC clinical application, we need to step back and address two main challenges:
(i) Genetic stability of iPSC.
(ii) Immune response of iPSC-derived cells.
To address these key issues, the overall mission of this PhD thesis is to advance iPSC technology by addressing two objectives. First, is to replace c-Myc with Cyclin D1 in the reprogramming cocktail (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc or Cyclin D1) and second, to study the immune response of iPSC-derived cells.
The quality of the starting iPSC determines the quality of the differentiated cells to be transplanted for clinical applications. In terms of genetic stability, aberrant cell reprogramming leads to genetic and epigenetic modifications that are the most significant barriers to clinical applications of patient iPSC derivatives (Gore et al., 2011). Such aberrations can result from the cellular stress that accompanies reprogramming or from the reprogramming factors themselves (Lee et al., 2012a). IPSC made with c-Myc are neoplastic in mouse models and have a higher tumorigenic potential than embryonic stem cells, prompting a search for new pluripotency factors that can replace the oncogenic factors Klf4 and c-Myc (Huangfu et al., 2008; Miura et al., 2009; Okita et al., 2007). We chose Cyclin D1 to replace c-Myc because of previous observation it can be used to reprogram cells to iPSC (Edel et al., 2010) and because of its DNA repair function (Chalermrujinanant et al., 2016). In this thesis we adopt a synthetic mRNA method to demonstrate that Cyclin D1 and c-Myc made iPSC have equal pluripotency using standard methods of characterisation. Moreover, no significant changes in copy number variation were found between starting skin cells and iPSC highlighting it is the method of choice for generating high quality iPSC. Further in- depth analysis revealed that Cyclin D1 made iPSC have reduced genetic instability assessed by: (i) reduced DNA double strand breaks (DSB), (ii) higher nuclear amount of the homologous recombination key protein Rad51, (iii) reduced multitelomeric signals (MTS) and (iv) reduced teratoma growth kinetics in vivo, compared to c-Myc made iPSC. Moreover, we demonstrate that Cyclin D1 iPSC derived neural stem cells engraft successfully, survive long term and differentiate into mature neuron cell types with high efficiency, with no evidence of pathology in a spinal cord injury rat model.
As we move towards the clinic with iPSC-derived cells for cell transplantation, the immunogenic response is thought to be one of the main advantages of iPSC technology for clinical application, because of its perceived lack of immune rejection of autologous cell therapy. We hypothesize that iPSC derived cells are unlikely to provoke an immune response. Here we have performed an analysis of the innate and adaptive immune response of human skin cells (termed F1) reprogramed to iPSC and then compared to iPSC-derived cells (termed F2) using proteomic and methylome arrays. We found little differences between MHCI expression and function; however, we discovered a short isoform of the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), essential for viral dsRNA innate immune
recognition, which is predominantly upregulated in all iPSC derived cells analysed and not seen in normal endogenous cells. High levels of the TLR3 isoform is associated with unresponsiveness to viral stimulation measured by lack of IL6 secretion in iPSC derived neural stem cells. We propose a new model that TLR3 short isoform competes with the full length wild type isoform destabilizing the essentially required TLR3 dimerization process. These differences could result in supressed inflammatory effects for transplanted human iPSC-derived cells in response to viral or bacterial insult. Further work to determine the in vivo effects is warranted and calls for screening of iPSC lines for TLR3 isoform expression levels before clinical use. In conclusion, this thesis has advanced iPSC technology by defining a new method that is a significant advance with novel insights that has immediate impact on current methods to generate iPSC for clinical application and more accurate disease modelling.Les cèl·lules mare pluripotents induïdes (iPSC) es poden derivar de cèl·lules somàtiques adultes mitjançant la reprogramació amb Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 i c-Myc. Les iPSC han donat lloc a una nova tecnologia per estudiar i tractar malalties humanes (Takahashi et al., 2007). No obstant, abans de la aplicació clínica de les iPSC, dos problemes principals han de ser adreçats: (i) Estabilitat genètica de les iPSC. (ii) Resposta immune de les cèl·lules derivades de iPSC. Per adreçar aquests dos qüestions cabdals, la missió principal d’aquest doctorat és avançar la tecnologia de les iPSC adreçant dos objectius. El primer, és la substitució de c-Myc per Ciclina D1 al còctel de reprogramació (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc o Ciclina D1) i segon, estudiar la resposta immune de les cèl·lules derivades de iPSC. Hem escollit Ciclina D1 per substituir c-Myc atès a observacions prèvies que pot ser emprat per reprogramar (Edel et al., 2010) i donada la seva funció en reparació de l’ADN (Chalermrujinanant et al., 2016). Les iPSC reprogramades amb Ciclina D1 presenten una pluripotència similar a les reprogramades amb c-Myc, l’anàlisi en profunditat mostra però, que les iPSC reprogramades amb Cyclin D1 tenen una reduïda inestabilitat genètica adreçada per: (i) reducció en ruptures de doble cadena de DNA, (ii) major quantitat nuclear de la proteïna clau en la recombinació homòloga Rad51, (iii) reducció en senyals multitelomèriques (MTS) i (iv) reducció en la cinètica de creixement de teratomes in vivo, en comparació amb iPSC reprogramades amb c-Myc. A més a més, demostrem que les cèl·lules mare neuronals derivades d’aquestes iPSC son capaces de implantar-se exitosament, sobreviure a llarg termini i diferenciar a neurones madures sense evidències de patologia en un model de dany medul·lar. També hem realitzat un anàlisi del sistema immune innat i adaptatiu de cèl·lules humanes de la pell (nomenades F1) reprogramades a iPSC i comparades amb cèl·lules derivades de iPSC (nomenades F2). Hem descobert una isoforma curta del Toll-Like Receptor 3 (TLR3), essencial en el reconeixement de RNA de doble cadena d’origen víric, que està predominantment sobreexpresada en totes les cèl·lules derivades de iPSC analitzades i no trobat en cèl·lules endògenes. Nosaltres proposem un nou model per el qual la isoforma curta del TLR3 competeix amb la isoforma llarga wild type desestabilitzant el procés essencial de dimerització del TLR3.
44
Sanchez, Antequera Yolanda. "Magselectofection: A novel integrated technology of magnetic separation and genetic modification of target cells". Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-127469.
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Park, Nigel. "The application of Australian-developed performance and genetic technology to the Chinese beef industry". University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Arts, 2003. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001479/.
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In terms of numbers and volume of meat produced, the Chinese beef industry is one of the largest in the world. Development of the industry has only occurred within the last thirty years, and despite extensive cross-breeding programs with imported breeds, performance of Chinese cattle is low, and the industry is still subject to traditional farming methods. This study looks at the Australian-developed genetic evaluation system BREEDPLAN, which is regarded worldwide as one of the best systems for assisting with selection of beef cattle for increased performance by evaluating genetics and identifying superior animals, and asks if BREEDPLAN can be successfully applied to the Chinese beef industry. Issues discussed include the complementarity of BREEDPLAN to existing Chinese breeding programs and the benefits of BREEDPLAN if introduced, as well as opportunities for Australians to provide consultancy services to facilitate introduction. The marketing of Australian genetic material in China, and cross-cultural marketing issues are also considered. Field research was conducted in China using itinerant interviews and observational research, together with unstructured, informal interviews and discussions with Australian beef industry experts. It is found that breed improvement programs in China are controlled by the Ministry of Agriculture, and management practises within the government-run herds make them eminently suitable for the application of BREEDPLAN. The objective measurements of BREEDPLAN would provide observable genetic gain, resulting in increased industry productivity and profitability. In addition, it is found that a need exists within the Chinese beef industry for consultants not only with expertise and knowledge about BREEDPLAN, but also with an understanding of Chinese language and culture, which would be an advantage for dealing with cross-cultural difficulties. Market opportunities for Australian genetic material are considerable, but not unlimited, and further research is required to assess the size of the market. It is recommended that immediate steps be taken to introduce BREEDPLAN to the Chinese beef industry.
46
Song, Simon Deping. "Use of Genetic Technology to Understand Ecological and Behavioural Strategies of Bactrocera cacuminata (Hering)". Thesis, Griffith University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366191.
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Many of Bactrocera are of particular concern throughout much of Asia and the Pacific, where they constitute a significant threat to agricultural production. Bactrocera cacuminata is a native and non-pest species in Australia, which can be used as a model species for studies of pest Bactrocera flies. Over the past four to five decades, knowledge of the ecology and biology of Bactrocera has been established based mostly on laboratory and semi field conditions. The behavioural strategies of Bactrocera have been broadly hypothesised as (1) females mate mainly only once; (2) adults emerging from a fruit will be full sibs, i.e. members of the same family; (3) there is genetic differentiation between regions but not between sites within regions and there is an overall pattern of IBD. Understanding aspects of the behaviour of Bactrocera flies is important for providing a context for other avenues of investigation including studies on pest management. The objective of this study was to use molecular techniques to test the hypotheses above in wild B. cacuminata. Specifically the aims were: 1) to estimate the level of polyandry, sperm utilization and sperm selection by analysing offspring genotypes from wild-caught females, 2) to estimate patterns of oviposition and larval development by analysing genotypes of flies emerging from wild fruit, 3) to estimate patterns of dispersal between populations on different spatial scales, within/between region(s). Estimates of gene flow (derived from hierarchical population genetic variation analyses) were used to infer patterns of dispersal. For this study, six polymorphic microsatellite loci and mtDNA gene, ND4 were developed. The microsatellites were isolated from enriched genomic libraries constructed using a biotin/streptavidin capture protocol. Allele number varied between three and nine; the expected heterozygosity ranged between 0.29 and 0.81. No significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium or linkage disequilibrium were found. The ND4 comprised 668 characters including 22 (3.3%) that were variable and 17 (2.5%) that were parsimony informative (18% in the 1st codon position, 82% in 3rd ). The fragment was free of ambiguities, stop codons and indels. Vary low levels of variability were found at ND4 and a number of other mtDNA genes in B. cacuminata. Female B. cacuminata was hypothesized matting only once and offspring have the same father. The level of polyandry, sperm utilization and kinship among flies were examined in a Brisbane wild population using five polymorphic microsatellite loci described above, plus an additional two loci developed for B. musae. Four hundred and twenty offspring from 22 wild-caught gravid females were genotyped to determine the number of males siring each brood and paternity skew, using the programs Gerud and Scare. The result showed that 22.7% of females produced offspring sired by at least two males. The mean number of mates per female was 1.72. Paternal contributions of double-sired broods were skewed with the most successful male having sired between 76.9% and 87.5% of the offspring. The polyandry and multiple paternity in B. cacuminata was against the hypotheses. The power of the paternity analysis showed that one sire was detected in 100% of simulations and 96.4% for two sires. These results have implications for a sterile insect technique (SIT), because the level of remating identified would indicate that wild females could mate with one or more resident fertile males, thus reducing the effectiveness of the technique...Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
47
Tariyal, Ridhi. "Finding utility for genetic diagnostics in the developing world". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/63229.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Thesis (S.M.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-64).
Genetic testing companies have come under fire lately for an array of reasons. Many direct-to-consumer outfits are being challenged by the federal regulatory authorities, by the physicians' community and by the public itself. The desire to derive utility from the existing mass of genetic research is only outpaced by the sheer amount of new information being added to our understanding daily. These genetic testing companies are simultaneously trying to apply the existing knowledge, build a base for further study and be credible, going concerns from a business perspective. It is a worthy but difficult objective. The direct-to-consumer genetic initiatives face resistance from physicians who are the traditional intermediaries between medical insight and application of this insight. The companies also face a strong adversary in a government that wants to protect its constituents from fraudulent marketing claims and misinformation. Recent, informal studies have also exposed flaws in the product offerings and delivery of information by these companies. Finally, these are all for-profit entities which are struggling to become profitable. The objective of this thesis is to identify an attractive consumer base and opportunity that would allow for successful deployment of genetic diagnostic capability. I postulate that the success of a direct-to-consumer company would depend on finding a customer that values the genetic insight deeply and is able to take action from such insight. Based on those two fundamental criteria-perceived value and actionable utility-I build a profile of place, person and disease to test my hypothesis. Driven by the findings of my research, I anchored my hypothesis around an Indian consumer who pays for health care out-of-pocket, is vulnerable to certain genetic diseases due to narrow, endogamous customs and has grown up in a culture of arranged marriages. If this individual's religious and moral code forbids early termination of pregnancy or if financial and logistical circumstances make abortion impossible, I posit the desire for this cohort to use pre-marital genetic testing will increase. My research showed that people born in India and people who had considered arranged marriage as a viable option (the two groups overlapped but not completely) did display a greater likelihood of using genetic tests at the pre-marital and pre-natal stage to make informed decisions about family planning. These groups also showed a greater inclination towards early termination of pregnancy as well as reconsidering partner choice based on the outcome of genetic testing. However, the data also showed that those groups that did not believe in abortion still did not preferentially want a pre-marital genetic test.
by Ridhi Tariyal.
S.M.
48
Verster, Cornelis Thomas. "On supporting K-anonymisation and L-diversity of crime databases with genetic algorithms in a resource constrained environment". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20016.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The social benefits derived from analysing crime data need to be weighed against issues relating to privacy loss. To facilitate such analysis of crime data Burke and Kayem [7] proposed a framework (MCRF) to enable mobile crime reporting in a developing country. Here crimes are reported via mobile phones and stored in a database owned by a law enforcement agency. The expertise required to perform analysis on the crime data is however unlikely to be available within the law enforcement agency. Burke and Kayem [7] proposed anonymising the data(using manual input parameters) at the law enforcement agency before sending it to a third party for analysis. Whilst analysis of the crime data requires expertise, adequate skill to appropriately anonymise the data is also required. What is lacking in the original MCRF is therefore an automated scheme for the law enforcement agency to adequately anonymise the data before sending it to the third party. This should, however, be done whilst maximising information utility of the anonymised data from the perspective of the third party. In this thesis we introduce a crime severity scale to facilitate the automation of data anonymisation within the MCRF. We consider a modified loss metric to capture information loss incurred during the anonymisation process. This modified loss metric also gives third party users the flexibility to specify attributes of the anonymised data when requesting data from the law enforcement agency. We employ a genetic algorithm(GA) approach called "Crime Genes"(CG) to optimise utility of the anonymised data based on our modified loss metric whilst adhering to notions of privacy denned by k-anonymity and l-diversity. Our CG implementation is modular and can therefore be easily integrated with the original MCRF. We also show how our CG approach is designed to be suitable for implementation in a developing country where particular resource constraints exist.
49
Dinc, Mustafa. "Modeling Bluetooth radio technology simulation using Multi-agent based system and Genetic Algorithm design paradigm". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA391713.
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Thesis (M.S. in Modeling, Virtual Environments and Simulation (MOVES))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2001.Thesis advisors, John E. Hiles, Michael Zyda. Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-109). Also Available online.
50
Collins, Trevor. "The application of software visualization technology to evolutionary computation : a case study in Genetic Algorithms". Thesis, Open University, 1998. http://oro.open.ac.uk/28579/.
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Evolutionary computation is an area within the field of artificial intelligence that is founded upon the principles of biological evolution. Evolution can be defined as the process of gradual development. Evolutionary algorithms are typically applied as a generic problem solving method, searching a problem space in order to locate good solutions. These solutions are found through an iterative evolutionary search that progresses by means of gradual developments. In the majority of cases of evolutionary computation the user is not aware of their algorithm's search behaviour. This causes two problems. First, the user has no way of assuring the quality of any solutions found other than to compare the solutions found by the algorithm with any available benchmark solutions or to re-run the algorithm and check if the results can be repeated or improved upon. Second, because the user is unaware of the algorithm's behaviour they have no way of identifying the contribution of the different components of the algorithm and therefore, no direct way of analyzing the algorithm's design and assigning credit to good algorithm components, or locating and improving ineffective algorithm components. The artificial intelligence and engineering communities have been slow to accept evolutionary computation as a robust problem-solving method because, unlike cased-based systems, rule-based systems or belief networks, they are unable to follow the algorithm's reasoning when locating a set of solutions in the problem space. During an evolutionary algorithm's execution the user may be able to see the results of the search but the search process itself like is a "black box" to the user. It is the search behaviour of evolutionary algorithms that needs to be understood by the user, in order for evolutionary computation to become more accepted within these communities. The aim of software visualization is to help people understand and use computer software. Software visualization technology has been applied successfully to illustrate a variety of heuristic search algorithms, programming languages and data structures. This thesis adopts software visualization as an approach for illustrating the search behaviour of evolutionary algorithms. Genetic Algorithms ("GAs") are used here as a specific case study to illustrate how software visualization may be applied to evolutionary computation. A set of visualization requirements are derived from the findings of a GA user study. A number of search space visualization techniques are examined for illustrating the search behaviour of a GA. "Henson," an extendable framework for developing visualization tools for genetic algorithms is presented. Finally, the application of the Henson framework is illustrated by the development of "Gonzo," a visualization tool designed to enable GA users to explore their algorithm's search behaviour. The contributions made in this thesis extend into the areas of software visualization, evolutionary computation and the psychology of programming. The GA user study presented here is the first and only known study of the working practices of GA users. The search space visualization techniques proposed here have never been applied in this domain before, and the resulting interactive visualizations provide the GA user with a previously unavailable insight into their algorithm's operation.