Artykuły w czasopismach: „Genetic Characterization”

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Heapost, Leiu. "A Population Genetic Characterization of Estonians". Anthropologischer Anzeiger 58, nr 2 (14.07.2000): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/58/2000/137.

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Joshi, B. K., MONIKA SODHI, M. MUKESH i B. P. MISHRA. "Genetic characterization of farm animal genetic resources of India: A review". Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 82, nr 11 (20.11.2012): 1259–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v82i11.25032.

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India’s vast native animal genetic resources have evolved over generations to adapt to the different agro-climatic conditions and to meet the socio-economic needs of people. In recent past, a number of native breeds are facing fast genetic degradation and dilution because of intensive production system and unplanned introduction and use of exotic germplasm. This scenario, if continued, might result in depletion of the invaluable native germplasm having better potentiality for production, draught capacity, resistance to diseases and heat tolerance ability. Awareness of the value of genetic resources for sustaining the animal agriculture system has lead to several tangible efforts to understand the existing genetic diversity of indigenous livestock breeds of our country. The application of DNA based markers particularly, the microsatellites, has been well documented in different livestock species worldwide for characterization of livestock genetic resources. This information is valuable for filling gaps in documentation of breeds. The National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources has taken a step forward in a holistic manner for complete breed characterization using phenotypic and genotypic information. Various research programs have been undertaken for molecular genetic characterization of native breeds of livestock and poultry breeds using microsatellite markers. The compiled information on molecular genetic characterization of indigenous farm animal breeds reviewed here would be helpful in better understanding of the farm animal biodiversity and formulating action plans on inventorization, conservation and management of animal genetic resources of our country.

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Dick, Thomas, Uttam Surana i W. Chia. "Molecular and genetic characterization of". MGG Molecular & General Genetics 251, nr 1 (1996): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050137.

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Elvyra, Roza. "Genetic characterization of Ceratoglanis scleronema". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1118, nr 1 (1.12.2022): 012065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1118/1/012065.

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Abstract Ceratoglanis scleronema is an important fish species in the Riau Province, Indonesia. The fish of C. scleronema are distributed in several rivers of Riau Province. Research on the genetic characterization of C. scleronema is needed to complete its morphological data. Very little research has been done on the genetic characteristics of C. scleronema. This study analyzed the genetic characterization based on the cytochrome b gene of C. scleronema fish. The cytochrome b gene of C. scleronema fish from Riau Province has been successfully amplified. The result of the research showed that nucleotide transition substitutions were more common than transversion substitutions in the cytochrome b gene of C. scleronema. The range of genetic distance between C. scleronema from Kampar and Tapung rivers are 0.00-0.01. The genetic distance between C. scleronema from Riau Province and C. scleronema from GenBank data are 0.01-0.02. The phylogenetic tree showed the closest relationship C. scleronema from Riau Province with C. scleronema from Genbank data with 100% bootstrap value. The conclude of the research that cytochrome b gene can be used to differentiate species of C. scleronema with other fish species. The genetic characteristics of these fish are basic data that can be used for the development of fishery genetic resources in the future.

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Chang, Chih-Ching, Janet R. Gilsdorf, Victor J. DiRita i Carl F. Marrs. "Identification and Genetic Characterization ofHaemophilus influenzae Genetic Island 1". Infection and Immunity 68, nr 5 (1.05.2000): 2630–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.5.2630-2637.2000.

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ABSTRACT The type b capsule of pathogenic Haemophilus influenzaeis a critical factor for H. influenzae survival in the blood and the establishment of invasive infections. Other pathogenic factors associated with type b strains may also play a role in invasion and sustained bacteremia, leading to the seeding of deep tissues. The gene encoding haemocin is the only noncapsular gene found to be specific to type b strains until now. Here we report the discovery of an approximately 16-kb genetic locus, HiGI1, that is present primarily in type b strains. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and Southern hybridization were used to map this new locus between secG(HI0445) and fruA (HI0446), which are contiguous in Rd, a nonpathogenic derivative of a serotype d strain. It is inserted at the 3′ end of tRNA4 Leu and has regions whose G+C content differs from the average genomic G+C content of H. influenzae. An integrase gene, which encodes a CP4-57 like integrase, is located downstream of tRNA4 Leu. Hybridization probes based on the sequences within the HiGI1 locus have been used to screen 61 H. influenzae strains (2 type a, 22 type b, 2 type c, 1 type d, 3 type e, 7 type f, and 21 nontypeableH. influenzae [NTHi]) from our collection. This HiGI1 locus exists in all 22 type b strains and two NTHi strains and is likely to have been acquired by an ancestral type b strain.

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Ariyanto, Didik, Odang Carman, Dinar Tri Soelistyowati, Muhammad Zairin Jr. i Muhamad Syukur. "KARAKTERISTIK FENOTIPE DAN GENOTIPE LIMA STRAIN IKAN MAS DI JAWA BARAT DAN BANTEN". Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 13, nr 2 (27.09.2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.13.2.2018.93-103.

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Langkah awal program pemuliaan adalah koleksi dan pengenalan karakter materi pemuliaan tersebut. Hasil karakterisasi digunakan sebagai dasar pertimbangan metode pelaksanaan program pemuliaan yang akan dilakukan. Koleksi material genetik untuk program pemuliaan ikan mas menghasilkan lima strain yang dominan dibudidaya di wilayah Jawa Barat dan Banten, yakni strain Rajadanu, Sutisna, Majalaya, Wildan, dan Sinyonya. Pengenalan karakter material genetik ikan mas hasil koleksi dilakukan melalui dua pendekatan, yaitu fenotipe menggunakan metode truss morfometrik dan genotipe menggunakan metode mikrosatelit DNA. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa variasi keragaan fenotipe kelima strain ikan mas relatif sesuai dengan variasi keragaan genotipenya. Selain mengelompokkan antar strain, hasil analisis genotipe juga menunjukkan bahwa tingkat keragaman genetik kelima strain ikan mas yang diindikasikan dengan nilai heterozigositas (Ho) relatif rendah, yaitu berkisar antara 0,08-0,20 dengan jarak genetik antar strain berada dalam kisaran 0,420-0,582.The first step in a fish breeding program is the collection and characterization of the breeding subject. The results of characterization are used as a baseline to select suitable potential methods used in the breeding program. The samples of genetic materials of five strains of common carp (Rajadanu, Sutisna, Majalaya, Wildan, and Sinyonya) were obtained from West Java and Banten Province. The characterization of collected genetic materials of the common carp species followed the phenotype and genotype approaches. Phenotypic characterization used truss morphometric method while genotype characterization applied DNA microsatellite method. The results showed that the phenotypic variation of the common carp had a close fit with its genotypic variation. In addition, the genotype analysis also showed that the genetic diversity level of the strains was relatively low indicated by the narrow ranges of heterozygosity values (Ho) (0.08-0.20) and genetic distance among strains (0.420-0.582).

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Buitrago Bitar, María Angélica, Ayda Lilia Enríquez Valencia, Jorge Mario Londoño Caicedo, Jaime Eduardo Muñoz Flórez, Bernardo Villegas Estrada i Gloria Esperanza Santana Fonseca. "Molecular and morphological characterization of Musa spp. (Zingiberales : Musaceae) cultivars." Boletín Científico Centro de Museos Museo de Historia Natural 24, nr 1 (1.01.2020): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17151/bccm.2020.24.1.2.

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Objectives: The overall goal was to analyze genetic diversity in cultivars of Musa acuminata (Colla) and M. balbisiana (Colla), commonly grown in farms from Caldas department. Scope: Characterization of the genetic variability, at the molecular and morphological level of cultivars of M. acuminata and M. balbisiana, found in farms from Caldas farmers using morphological descriptors and fluorescent microsatellites. Methodology: Phenotyping evaluations comprised 57 morphological characters following the descriptors proposed by IPGRI for the Musa genus, and for genotyping evaluations, nine fluorescent microsatellites (Simple Sequence Repeats-SSR) were used to allow the precise identification of alleles. Additionally, cluster analyses were carried out independently for both morphological and genotypic characterizations under Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Bootstrapping methods respectively. Main results: Positive and negative highly significant correlations were found for the morphological descriptors, where traits such as presence/ absence of male bud was the rule, as well as the diameter and perimeter of this trait, plus the diameter and perimeter of the peduncle, number of fruits, pseudostem height and fruit length contributed considerably to the variability among the cultivars allowing the discrimination of three main groups in the cluster analyzes. From the molecular perspective a total of 72 polymorphic alleles were obtained, with an average genetic diversity of 0,79, polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0,77 and heterozygosity of 0,48, showed a moderate degree of genetic differentiation (FST = 0,061) among Musa cultivars, generating three main sub-clusters based on their genetic dissimilarity. Conclusions: The identification of certain morphological traits showed to be suitable for the discrimination of Musa cultivars evaluated here. On the other hand, molecular characterization allowed to establish the genetic relationships among groups, also fluorescent SSR were highly informative and accurate, in such a way that can be considered suitable for characterizations in Musa varieties.

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Yesender, M., N. Himabindu, S. Saritha, B. Sadananda Rao, T. V. Ramani i Nagajyothi. "CHARACTERIZATION OF LOBSTER HAND/FOOT MALFORMATIONS WITH GENETIC EXPRESSION: A FAMILIAL STUDY". International Journal of Anatomy and Research 5, nr 1.1 (31.01.2017): 3457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2016.428.

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Brandes, C., A. Joachimsthaler, A. Stöger, W. Ruppitsch i H. Zimmermann. "Genetic characterization of the origin of offtype plants in maize inbred lines". Seed Science and Technology 37, nr 2 (1.07.2009): 423–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2009.37.2.15.

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Ajayi, Grace Oluwatosin. "Genetic characterization of patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas) in new-bussa, niger state, Nigeria". International Journal of Molecular Biology Open Access 6, nr 1 (18.04.2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ijmboa.2023.06.00145.

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This study was carried out to identify, organize and characterize the Patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas) genome. Minimally invasive technique was used to obtain the blood samples for analysis. The blood samples were taken with the assistance of a professional veterinary doctor. They were transferred immediately to blood tubes which contain 95% ethanol for preservation and then stored in refrigerator before laboratory analysis. Genetic analyses revealed that the mitogenome was 16,678 base pair (bp) in length, with an overall base composition of 31.8% A, 25.8% T, 29.7% C, and 12.7% G. The A+T content (57.6%) was greater than the G+C content (42.4%). Phylogenetic analysis was based on the COI sequences of 9 individuals from different locations. The newly sequenced individuals are from Benin Republic, South West, Nigeria and North Central, Nigeria, West Africa; while other sequences were downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI database). The nucleotide diversity shows both the frequency and differences between haplotypes, hence, it is a more suitable parameter to estimate the genetic diversity in populations than haplotype diversity. The Kimura-2-parameter (K2P) was used to estimate the genetic distances among the aligned sequences. The study indicates significant genetic differentiation among all of the geographical locations which indicates high genetic distances. The findings revealed a relatively low frequency polymorphisms and absence of variants of alleles among the population of patas. This exemplified a stable demographic history with a stable population size. Hence, the study provides a useful database for analyzing the phylogenetic relationship of Erythrocebus patas. However, further genetic study is recommended for improved conservation of primates in Nigeria.

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Ilska, Joanna, Marie J. Haskell, Sarah C. Blott, Enrique Sánchez-Molano, Zita Polgar, Sarah E. Lofgren, Dylan N. Clements i Pamela Wiener. "Genetic Characterization of Dog Personality Traits". Genetics 206, nr 2 (10.04.2017): 1101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.116.192674.

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Dziechciarková, M., A. Lebeda, I. Doležalová i D. Astley. "Characterization of Lactuca spp. germplasm by protein and molecular markers – a review". Plant, Soil and Environment 50, No. 2 (21.11.2011): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3680-pse.

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The genus Lactuca L. belongs to one of the largest plant families, Asteraceae. Lactuca L. is represented by ca 100 species distributed in different geographical areas and ecological conditions. This is one of the reasons why this genus is characterised by very broad variation of different characters. Electrophoretic detection of some proteins (isozymes) has been applied to the study of genetic variability of Lactuca spp. individuals and populations. The development of molecular genetic methods (RFLP, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism; PCR methods: RAPD, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA; AFLP, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism; minisatellites and microsatellites fingerprinting or SSR, Simple Sequence Repeats) and their application has contributed to the elucidation of various aspects related to the taxonomy, variability, biodiversity, genetics and breeding within the genus Lactuca L. Further potential application of these methods is discussed.

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Shilpashree, Nagaraju, Sarojinikunjamma Nirmala Devi, Dalasanuru Chandregowda Manjunathagowda, Anjanappa Muddappa, Shaimaa A. M. Abdelmohsen, Nissren Tamam, Hosam O. Elansary, Tarek K. Zin El-Abedin, Ashraf M. M. Abdelbacki i Veerabhadregowda Janhavi. "Morphological Characterization, Variability and Diversity among Vegetable Soybean (Glycine max L.) Genotypes". Plants 10, nr 4 (31.03.2021): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040671.

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Vegetable soybean production is dependent on the development of vegetable type varieties that would be achieved by the use of germplasm to evolve new agronomically superior yielding vegetable type with beneficial biochemical traits. This can be accomplished by a better understanding of genetics, which is why the research was conducted to reveal the quantitative genetics of vegetable soybean genotypes. Genetic variability of main morphological traits in vegetable soybean genotypes and their divergence was estimated, as a result of the magnitude of genotypic variation (GV), and phenotypic variation (PV) of traits varied among the genotypes. All traits showed high heritability (h2) associated with high genetic advance percentage mean (GAM). Therefore, these variable traits are potential for genetic improvement of vegetable type soybean. Genetic diversity is the prime need for breeding, and the magnitude of genetic diversity values were maximized among specific genotypes. Eight clusters were found for all genotypes; cluster VIII and cluster I were considered to have the most diversity. Cluster VIII consisted of two genotypes (GM-6 and GM-27), based on the mean outcomes of the high yield attributing traits. Hence, these two (GM-6, GM-27) genotypes can be advanced for commercial cultivation; furthermore, other genotypes can be used as source of breeding lines for genetic improvement of vegetable soybean.

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Abu Almaaty, Abu Almaaty, ABU-EL REGAL, Zeinab A. MAR`IE i Abdel-Basset Abdel-Basset. "Cytogenetic characterization and Molecular genetic variations of five marine species of Perciform fishes". Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, nr 6 (1.10.2011): 542–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/june2014/170.

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Pham, Nguyen S., Amir Rafii, Jia Liu, Simeon A. Boyadjiev i Travis T. Tollefson. "Clinical and Genetic Characterization of Frontorhiny". Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery 13, nr 6 (1.11.2011): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archfaci.2011.684.

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Sachan, MS. "Characterization and genetic variability in taro". Journal of Hill Agriculture 8, nr 1 (2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2230-7338.2017.00009.x.

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Ocampo, Ricardo J., Rodrigo A Martinez, Juan J. Rocha i Henry Cardona. "Genetic characterization of Colombian indigenous sheep". Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias 30, nr 2 (2017): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v30n2a03.

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TAKETANI, SHIGERU. "Molecular and Genetic Characterization of Ferrochelatase." Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 171, nr 1 (1993): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1620/tjem.171.1.

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Baena, Marielle Moura, Felipe Amorim Caetano Souza, Yasmim Pereira Ribeiro, Silvina Diaz, Hernán Olivera, Raquel Silva de Moura i Sarah Laguna Conceição Meirelles. "Genetic characterization of Mangalarga Marchador horse". Livestock Science 258 (kwiecień 2022): 104899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104899.

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Sulaiman, Luqman, Inga-Lena Nilsson, C. Christofer Juhlin, Felix Haglund, Anders Höög, Catharina Larsson i Jamileh Hashemi. "Genetic characterization of large parathyroid adenomas". Endocrine-Related Cancer 19, nr 3 (26.03.2012): 389–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erc-11-0140.

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In this study, we genetically characterized parathyroid adenomas with large glandular weights, for which independent observations suggest pronounced clinical manifestations. Large parathyroid adenomas (LPTAs) were defined as the 5% largest sporadic parathyroid adenomas identified among the 590 cases operated in our institution during 2005–2009. The LPTA group showed a higher relative number of male cases and significantly higher levels of total plasma and ionized serum calcium (P<0.001). Further analysis of 21 LPTAs revealed low MIB1 proliferation index (0.1–1.5%),MEN1mutations in five cases, and oneHRPT2(CDC73) mutation. Total or partial loss of parafibromin expression was observed in ten tumors, two of which also showed loss of APC expression. Using array CGH, we demonstrated recurrent copy number alterations most frequently involving loss in 1p (29%), gain in 5 (38%), and loss in 11q (33%). Totally, 21 minimal overlapping regions were defined for losses in 1p, 7q, 9p, 11, and 15q and gains in 3q, 5, 7p, 8p, 16q, 17p, and 19q. In addition, 12 tumors showed gross alterations of entire or almost entire chromosomes most frequently gain of 5 and loss of chromosome 11. While gain of 5 was the most frequent alteration observed in LPTAs, it was only detected in a small proportion (4/58 cases, 7%) of parathyroid adenomas. A significant positive correlation was observed between parathyroid hormone level and total copy number gain (r=0.48,P=0.031). These results support that LPTAs represent a group of patients with pronounced parathyroid hyperfunction and associated with specific genomic features.

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Kanamori, Hiroki, Yohei Kitamura, Tokuhiro Kimura, Kazunari Yoshida i Hikaru Sasaki. "Genetic characterization of skull base chondrosarcomas". Journal of Neurosurgery 123, nr 4 (październik 2015): 1036–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.12.jns142059.

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OBJECT Although chondrosarcomas rarely arise in the skull base, chondrosarcomas and chordomas are the 2 major malignant bone neoplasms occurring at this location. The distinction of these 2 tumors is important, but this distinction is occasionally problematic because of radiological and histological overlap. Unlike chordoma and extracranial chondrosarcoma, no case series presenting a whole-genome analysis of skull base chondrosarcomas (SBCSs) has been reported. The goal of this study is to clarify the genetic characteristics of SBCSs and contrast them with those of chordomas. METHODS The authors analyzed 7 SBCS specimens for chromosomal copy number alterations (CNAs) using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). They also examined IDH1 and IDH2 mutations and brachyury expression. RESULTS In CGH analyses, the authors detected CNAs in 6 of the 7 cases, including chromosomal gains of 8q21.1, 19, 2q22-q32, 5qcen-q14, 8q21-q22, and 15qcen-q14. Mutation of IDH1 was found with a high frequency (5 of 7 cases, 71.4%), of which R132S was most frequently mutated. No IDH2 mutations were found, and immunohistochemical staining for brachyury was negative in all cases. CONCLUSIONS To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first whole-genome study of an SBSC case series. Their findings suggest that these tumors are molecularly consistent with a subset of conventional central chondrosarcomas and different from skull base chordomas.

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Scott, Matthew, Terence Hwa i Brian Ingalls. "Deterministic characterization of stochastic genetic circuits". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, nr 18 (19.04.2007): 7402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0610468104.

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For cellular biochemical reaction systems where the numbers of molecules is small, significant noise is associated with chemical reaction events. This molecular noise can give rise to behavior that is very different from the predictions of deterministic rate equation models. Unfortunately, there are few analytic methods for examining the qualitative behavior of stochastic systems. Here we describe such a method that extends deterministic analysis to include leading-order corrections due to the molecular noise. The method allows the steady-state behavior of the stochastic model to be easily computed, facilitates the mapping of stability phase diagrams that include stochastic effects, and reveals how model parameters affect noise susceptibility in a manner not accessible to numerical simulation. By way of illustration we consider two genetic circuits: a bistable positive-feedback loop and a negative-feedback oscillator. We find in the positive feedback circuit that translational activation leads to a far more stable system than transcriptional control. Conversely, in a negative-feedback loop triggered by a positive-feedback switch, the stochasticity of transcriptional control is harnessed to generate reproducible oscillations.

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Delgado, Gabriela, Valeria Souza, Rosario Morales, René Cerritos, Andrea González-González, José Luis Méndez, Virginia Vázquez i Alejandro Cravioto. "Genetic Characterization of Atypical Citrobacter freundii". PLoS ONE 8, nr 9 (12.09.2013): e74120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074120.

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Mizuta, R. "Molecular genetic characterization of XRCC4 function". International Immunology 9, nr 10 (1.10.1997): 1607–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intimm/9.10.1607.

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Pérez, Néstor-Octavio, Hiram Olivera, Luis Vásquez i María Valdés. "Genetic characterization of MexicanFrankiastrains nodulatingCasuarina equisetifolia". Canadian Journal of Botany 77, nr 9 (18.12.1999): 1214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b99-075.

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There is a need to increase the utilization of the Casuarina equisetifolia J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. - Frankia symbiosis and be sure of its effectiveness in Mexico. This may be facilitated by selecting appropriate bacterial strains for which ecological characteristics are known. We tested various typing methods to develop genetic markers for ecological studies. DNA, extracted from clonal cultures of native strains or from reference cultures of Casuarina-infective Frankia strains, was used as the template in polymerase chain reactions (PCR) with primers targeting different DNA regions. nifH and 16S rDNA probes from the reference strain Frankia Br were utilized to authenticate the isolates. Polymorphisms of the restricted fragments of the intergenetic spacer between the 16S-23S rDNAs were analyzed. Repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences (rep-PCR) (BOXA1R primer) were used to generate genomic fingerprints. All studied strains showed two copies of the ribosomal operon and a single copy of the nifH gene. PCR - restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns of the 16S-23S intergenetic spacer (IGS) were similar for all Frankia isolates; however, the rep-PCR technique was sensitive enough to distinguish between some of these Frankia strains. The Mexican cultured strains of Frankia nodulating C. equisetifolia appeared to be closely related to the isolated and nodular Frankia from trees growing outside Australia.Key words: Frankia, Casuarina, 16S rRNA, 16S-23S IGS, nifH, repetitive sequence polymerase chain reaction.

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Bankamp, Bettina, Makoto Takeda, Yan Zhang, Wenbo Xu i Paul A. Rota. "Genetic Characterization of Measles Vaccine Strains". Journal of Infectious Diseases 204, suppl_1 (1.07.2011): S533—S548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jir097.

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AbstractThe complete genomic sequences of 9 measles vaccine strains were compared with the sequence of the Edmonston wild-type virus. AIK-C, Moraten, Rubeovax, Schwarz, and Zagreb are vaccine strains of the Edmonston lineage, whereas CAM-70, Changchun-47, Leningrad-4 and Shanghai-191 were derived from 4 different wild-type isolates. Nucleotide substitutions were found in the noncoding regions of the genomes as well as in all coding regions, leading to deduced amino acid substitutions in all 8 viral proteins. Although the precise mechanisms involved in the attenuation of individual measles vaccines remain to be elucidated, in vitro assays of viral protein functions and recombinant viruses with defined genetic modifications have been used to characterize the differences between vaccine and wild-type strains. Although almost every protein contributes to an attenuated phenotype, substitutions affecting host cell tropism, virus assembly, and the ability to inhibit cellular antiviral defense mechanisms play an especially important role in attenuation.

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Ferrari Usandizaga, S. C., E. A. Brugnoli, A. I. Weiss, A. L. Zilli, M. Schedler, E. M. Pagano, E. J. Martínez i C. A. Acuña. "Genetic and morphological characterization ofAcroceras macrumStapf". Grass and Forage Science 70, nr 4 (28.11.2014): 695–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gfs.12148.

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Ruby, J. D., Y. Li, Y. Luo i P. W. Caufield. "Genetic characterization of the oral Actinomyces". Archives of Oral Biology 47, nr 6 (czerwiec 2002): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-9969(02)00023-7.

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Ceh, E., i P. Dovc. "Genetic characterization of Karst Shepherd dog". Journal of Veterinary Behavior 10, nr 5 (wrzesień 2015): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2015.07.026.

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Puyet, Antonio, Bill Greenberg i Sanford A. Lacks. "Genetic and structural characterization of endA". Journal of Molecular Biology 213, nr 4 (czerwiec 1990): 727–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2836(05)80259-1.

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Plesken, C., L. D. Westrich i M. Hahn. "Genetic and phenotypic characterization ofBotrytis calthae". Plant Pathology 64, nr 1 (21.05.2014): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12240.

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Morris, J. B. "Characterization of medicinal Senna genetic resources". Plant Genetic Resources 7, nr 03 (15.04.2009): 257–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262109344111.

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At 50% maturity, regeneratingSennaspecies were characterized for morphological traits, seed reproduction, and evaluated for regeneration. Quality plants regenerated from all accessions produced 1018 to more than 21,215 total seeds. Principal component analysis revealed which traits contributed the greatest to variability among coffee senna accessions.Sennaspecies have potential to produce pharmaceutical products and can be grown as medicinal plants. The flavonoids quercetin and kaempferol found inSennaspecies have been clinically shown to have anti-pancreatic cancer properties.

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Plaschil, Sylvia, Holger Budahn, Michael Wiedemann i Klaus Olbricht. "Genetic characterization of Pelargonium L’Hér. germplasm". Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 64, nr 5 (7.07.2016): 1051–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10722-016-0424-x.

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Zhuang, Wenzhong, Chihiro Sugimoto i Misao Onuma. "Antigenic and genetic characterization ofTheileria sergenti". Tropical Animal Health and Production 29, S4 (październik 1997): 63S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02632933.

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Chauhan, Mamta, A. K. Gupta i S. Dhillon. "Genetic characterization of Indian Spiti horses". Journal of Genetics 83, nr 3 (grudzień 2004): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02717899.

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Duffy, Karen T. I., i David R. Waddell. "Genetic characterization of cannibalism inDictyostelium caveatum". Current Microbiology 17, nr 4 (lipiec 1988): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01589453.

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Dewilde, Sylvia, Mark Blaxter, Marie-Louise Van Hauwaert, Koen Van Houte, Alessandra Pesce, Nathalie Griffon, Laurent Kiger i in. "Structural, Functional, and Genetic Characterization ofGastrophilusHemoglobin". Journal of Biological Chemistry 273, nr 49 (4.12.1998): 32467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.273.49.32467.

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Kim, Yonggoo, Joonhong Park, Irene Jo, Gun Dong Lee, Jiyeon Kim, Ahlm Kwon, Hayoung Choi i in. "Genetic–pathologic characterization of myeloproliferative neoplasms". Experimental & Molecular Medicine 48, nr 7 (lipiec 2016): e247-e247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emm.2016.55.

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Ban, Hyo-Jeong, Sang Cheol Kim, Jungmin Seo, Ho-Bum Kang i Jung Kyoon Choi. "Genetic and Metabolic Characterization of Insomnia". PLoS ONE 6, nr 4 (6.04.2011): e18455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018455.

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Miwa, Tomoru, Yuichi Hirose, Hikaru Sasaki, Eiji Ikeda, Kazunari Yoshida i Takeshi Kawase. "Genetic characterization of adult infratentorial gliomas". Journal of Neuro-Oncology 91, nr 3 (22.10.2008): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11060-008-9714-2.

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Pfeffer, Martin, Meik Dilcher, Robert B. Tesh, Frank T. Hufert i Manfred Weidmann. "Genetic characterization of Yug Bogdanovac virus". Virus Genes 46, nr 1 (14.10.2012): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11262-012-0819-5.

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Colinayo, Veronica V., Jian-Hua Qiao, Peter Demant, Kelly Krass, Aldons J. Lusis i Thomas A. Drake. "Genetic characterization of the Dyscalc locus". Mammalian Genome 13, nr 6 (czerwiec 2002): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00335-001-2148-1.

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Pham, Nguyen S. "Clinical and Genetic Characterization of Frontorhiny". Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery 13, nr 6 (1.11.2011): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archfacial.2011.684.

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Taketani, Shigeru. "Molecular and genetic characterization of ferrochelatase". Stem Cells 12, S1 (marzec 1994): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stem.5530120707.

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Otyama, Paul I., Roshan Kulkarni, Kelly Chamberlin, Peggy Ozias-Akins, Ye Chu, Lori M. Lincoln, Gregory E. MacDonald i in. "Genotypic Characterization of the U.S. Peanut Core Collection". G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, nr 11 (4.09.2020): 4013–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.120.401306.

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Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is an important oil, food, and feed crop worldwide. The USDA peanut germplasm collection currently contains 8,982 accessions. In the 1990s, 812 accessions were selected as a core collection on the basis of phenotype and country of origin. The present study reports genotyping results for the entire available core collection. Each accession was genotyped with the Arachis_Axiom2 SNP array, yielding 14,430 high-quality, informative SNPs across the collection. Additionally, a subset of 253 accessions was replicated, using between two and five seeds per accession, to assess heterogeneity within these accessions. The genotypic diversity of the core is mostly captured in five genotypic clusters, which have some correspondence with botanical variety and market type. There is little genetic clustering by country of origin, reflecting peanut’s rapid global dispersion in the 18th and 19th centuries. A genetic cluster associated with the hypogaea/aequatoriana/peruviana varieties, with accessions coming primarily from Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador, is consistent with these having been the earliest landraces. The genetics, phenotypic characteristics, and biogeography are all consistent with previous reports of tetraploid peanut originating in Southeast Bolivia. Analysis of the genotype data indicates an early genetic radiation, followed by regional distribution of major genetic classes through South America, and then a global dissemination that retains much of the early genetic diversity in peanut. Comparison of the genotypic data relative to alleles from the diploid progenitors also indicates that subgenome exchanges, both large and small, have been major contributors to the genetic diversity in peanut.

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Landínez-García, Ricardo M., i Edna J. Márquez. "Development and characterization of 24 polymorphic microsatellitelocifor the freshwater fishIchthyoelephas longirostris(Characiformes: Prochilodontidae)". PeerJ 4 (1.09.2016): e2419. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2419.

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The Neotropical freshwater fishIchthyoelephas longirostris(Characiformes: prochilodontidae) is a short-distance migratory species endemic to Colombia. This study developed for the first time a set of 24 polymorphic microsatellitelociby using next-generation sequencing to explore the population genetics of this commercially exploited species. Nineteen of theselociwere used to assess the genetic diversity and structure of 193I. longirostrisin three Colombian rivers of the Magdalena basin. Results showed that a single genetic stock circulates in the Cauca River, whereas other single different genetic stock is present in the rivers Samaná Norte and San Bartolomé-Magdalena. Additionally,I. longirostriswas genetically different among and across rivers. This first insight about the population genetic structure ofI. longirostrisis crucial for monitoring the genetic diversity, the management and conservation of its populations, and complement the genetic studies in Prochilodontidae.

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McCusker, J. H., K. V. Clemons, D. A. Stevens i R. W. Davis. "Genetic characterization of pathogenic Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates." Genetics 136, nr 4 (1.04.1994): 1261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/136.4.1261.

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Abstract Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates from human patients have been genetically analyzed. Some of the characteristics of these isolates are very different from laboratory and industrial strains of S. cerevisiae and, for this reason, stringent genetic tests have been used to confirm their identity as S. cerevisiae. Most of these clinical isolates are able to grow at 42 degrees, a temperature that completely inhibits the growth of most other S. cerevisiae strains. This property can be considered a virulence trait and may help explain the presence of these isolates in human hosts. The ability to grow at 42 degrees is shown to be polygenic with primarily additive effects between loci. S. cerevisiae will be a useful model for the evolution and genetic analysis of fungal virulence and the study of polygenic traits.

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Macranas, J. M., A. E. Eknath, L. Q. Agustin, R. R. Velasco, Ma C. A. Ablan i R. S. V. Pullin. "Genetic improvement of farmed tilapia: documentation and genetic characterization of strains". Aquaculture 111, nr 1-4 (kwiecień 1993): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(93)90055-4.

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Tixier-Boichard, M., W. Ayalew i H. Jianlin. "Inventory, characterization and monitoring". Animal Genetic Resources Information 42 (kwiecień 2008): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900002534.

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SummaryInventory of species and breeds, their population sizes, geographic distribution and possibly their genetic diversity is generally undertaken as a first step in any national programme for the management of animal genetic resources for food and agriculture. The primary purpose of such an assessment is to document the current state of knowledge in terms of a population's ability to survive, reproduce, produce and provide services to farmers. Starting an inventory requires some knowledge of the inventory items and their characteristic attributes. Inventory and characterization are, therefore, complementary processes, in which the characterization step provides the baseline information as well as the criteria that will be used to establish and update the inventory. Characterization provides data on present and potential future uses of the animal genetic resources under consideration, and establishes their current state as distinct breed populations and their risk status. As use and management of animal genetic resources are dynamic processes, monitoring the status of a population has to be done on a regular basis. Thus, risk status indicators for use during the monitoring process need to be defined following the inventory and characterization steps.This paper discusses methods and criteria currently available, from research and past experience, for inventory, characterization and monitoring of animal genetic resources, with the view to assist in the development of a more comprehensive framework. Particular consideration is given to emerging tools and technologies. The scope of the review includes all livestock species and their wild ancestors and wild related species. Examples focus on cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and chickens.

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Khanshour, Hempsey, Juras i Cothran. "Genetic Characterization of Cleveland Bay Horse Breed". Diversity 11, nr 10 (20.09.2019): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11100174.

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The Cleveland Bay (CB) is the United Kingdom’s oldest established horse breed. In this study we analyzed the genetic variability in CB horses and investigated its genetic relationships with other horse breeds. We examined the genetic variability among 90 CB horses sampled in the USA compared to a total of 3447 horses from 59 other breeds. Analysis of the genetic diversity and population structure was carried out using 15 microsatellite loci. We found that genetic diversity in CB horses was less than that for the majority of other tested breeds. The genetic similarity measures showed no direct relationship between the CB and Thoroughbred but suggested the Turkman horses (likely in the lineage of ancestors of the Thoroughbred) as a possible ancestor. Our findings reveal the genetic uniqueness of the CB breed and indicate its need to be preserved as a genetic resource.

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