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Oulfarsi, Mostafa. "Contribution à l’amélioration de la fiabilité de modules thermoélectriques : développement de solutions matériaux alternatives". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0228.
Pełny tekst źródłaEnergy conversion from waste heat through thermoelectric effects (Seebeck effect) is a potential new renewable energy source. The thermoelectric (TE) technology is nevertheless limited to niche terrestrial applications due to its low efficiency (5-6%), but also due to the technological challenges to be overcome to avoid a degradation of the TE generators (TEG). Our thesis is devoted to this problem within the framework of a research program supported by the ANR (RELIATEG project) including HotBlockOnBoard (HBOB), CEA LITEN, CIRIMAT and IJL as partners. The objective is to make reliable the TEG, manufactured by HBOB, based on silicides, Mg₂Si₁₋ₓSnₓ (n-type) and MnSi₁₊ᵧ (p-type), for long-term use in the vicinity of 400-500°C. Our main role is to understand the mechanisms leading to their embrittlement, particularly to the oxidation problems linked to the Mg₂Si₀,₆Sn₀,₄ material. As they are unavoidable, we turned to the solutions of finding a protective coating and/or testing the thermal stability under air of a Mg₂Si₁₋ₓSnₓ material, less sensitive to oxidation. After a bibliographical synthesis of the basic concepts of TE and of the state of the art of TE materials, the choice of materials used by HBOB have been justified. The various stages of TEG manufacturing and the experimental techniques used to characterize the microstructure of TE materials and their thermal stability are presented. The performance tests performed on TEGs show that the power obtained, measured up to 450°C, is reproducible for the 25 devices tested. However, it is about 25% lower than what one could achieve with a perfect TEG, as shown by the simulations we carried out using the Comsol MultiPhysics software. The stability tests showed that the devices are stable under air at 250°C, for 500 hours or under 1000 cycles, and that they begin to degrade under air at 350°C through a pesting phenomenon linked to the oxidation of Mg₂Si₀,₆Sn₀,₄. Under vacuum, this process is slowed down but the presence of residual oxygen does not completely stabilize the material. At 500°C under air, the pesting is observed from 3 hours of testing. The oxidation tests carried out on the two materials with different Sn content showed the significant role of tin on the oxidation phenomena. A model explaining the pesting phenomenon was developed by the combined analyses of results obtained by thermogravimetric measurements, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. On the basis of bibliography and phase diagrams of the differents systems, protective coatings based on ceramics, metallic silicides, metals and glasses have been studied. Several deposition methods were explored: sintering by Spark Plasma Sintering, electrochemical nickel plating, pack cementation, slurry, PVD and spray deposits. The most promising coatings were obtained with a glass whose CTE is close to that of the n-type material
Ferhat, Salim. "Générateurs thermoélectriques imprimés sur substrats souples à base de matériaux hybrides pour des applications autour de la température ambiante". Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0032/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaFlexible lightweight printed thermoelectric devices can become particularly interesting with the advent of ubiquitous sensing and within the context of current energy and environmental issues. However, major drawbacks of state of the art thermoelectric materials must be addressed to make waste heat recovery devices commercially feasible. In this PhD thesis, we’ve elaborated and described a method to fabricate optimized, fully inkjetprinted flexible thermoelectric generators based on organic and hybrid semiconductors. This research project can be divided into three stages: First is the development of effective, stable and solution-processed p-type and n-type thermoelectric materials. Our effort in optimizing thermoelectric materials were based on modulation of charge carrier concentration and on control of morphology. Second, design and modeling of thermoelectric devices and their geometric parameters using numerical simulation methods. Numerical simulations were based on a 3D-finite element analysis and simulation software for coupled physical problems to model and design thermoelectric devices. Finally, formulation of materials into ink in order to produce thermoelectric generators by inkjet printing deposition. Various structures and architectures were experimentally characterized and systematically compared to numerical evaluations. Hence, we produced an extensive study on designing and producing thermoelectric devices operating at near ambient temperature and conditions
Lognone, Quentin. "Optimisation des propriétés thermoélectriques des matériaux de la famille Bi2Te3-xSex pour applications en pompe à chaleur à température ambiante". Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN2060.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis deals with the study of Bi2Te3-xSex materials and their applications for thermoelectricity, in particular the optimization of their properties around room temperature. The thesis is composed of five chapters. The first one describes the thermoelectric effects and allows us to make a state of the art about the Bi2Te3-xSex compounds. The second chapter introduces the different techniques to make and analyze our materials. The three following chapters show the obtained results split in three different axis. First, a study about the texturation of the material is undertaken to show its influence on the material’s properties. Doping the samples to adjust its carrier concentration is the aim of the fourth chapter and finally, the nanostructuration of the material is studied in the last chapter of the thesis
Brix, Florian. "Contribution à la recherche de matériaux de type «siliciures» résistant à l’environnement à haute température en vue d’applications dans le domaine de la thermoélectricité". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0174/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe constant deployment of new sensors networks in confined areas of turbomachines or difficult to access, requires the input of energy to power these sensors. Many researches are thus focused on a permanent power supply of sensors to monitor new components. One possible way of permanent power supply is the use of thermoelectric modules to convert the thermal energy from combustion into the turbines. Among the thermoelectric materials, silicides seem to be the most promising family for high temperature applications (above 700 °C). The subject of this thesis is the study of silicides known for their high temperature oxidation resistance in order to produce thermoelectric modules that can operate at optimal temperatures around 700 °C. To this end, different representatives of the silicide family have been studied by ab initio calculation using the density functional theory. This tool allowed to calculate their potential thermoelectric properties and showed that the two best candidates for cheap applications were the disilicides of manganese and iron. The calculation also showed the metallic character of many ternary silicides. The promising silicides were developed by sintering method and their aging as well as their coefficients of thermal expansion were studied. This knowledge has made it possible to develop thermoelectric modules based on silicides resistant to 900 °C in air. Although possessing modest thermoelectric properties, their resistance to high temperature oxidation makes it possible to envisage the manufacture of thermoelectric modules
Brix, Florian. "Contribution à la recherche de matériaux de type «siliciures» résistant à l’environnement à haute température en vue d’applications dans le domaine de la thermoélectricité". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0174.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe constant deployment of new sensors networks in confined areas of turbomachines or difficult to access, requires the input of energy to power these sensors. Many researches are thus focused on a permanent power supply of sensors to monitor new components. One possible way of permanent power supply is the use of thermoelectric modules to convert the thermal energy from combustion into the turbines. Among the thermoelectric materials, silicides seem to be the most promising family for high temperature applications (above 700 °C). The subject of this thesis is the study of silicides known for their high temperature oxidation resistance in order to produce thermoelectric modules that can operate at optimal temperatures around 700 °C. To this end, different representatives of the silicide family have been studied by ab initio calculation using the density functional theory. This tool allowed to calculate their potential thermoelectric properties and showed that the two best candidates for cheap applications were the disilicides of manganese and iron. The calculation also showed the metallic character of many ternary silicides. The promising silicides were developed by sintering method and their aging as well as their coefficients of thermal expansion were studied. This knowledge has made it possible to develop thermoelectric modules based on silicides resistant to 900 °C in air. Although possessing modest thermoelectric properties, their resistance to high temperature oxidation makes it possible to envisage the manufacture of thermoelectric modules