Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / General Dufour

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „General Dufour”

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Data publikacji: 25 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "General Dufour"

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Durojaye, M. O., J. A. Kazeem, F. O. Ogunfiditimi i I. J. Ajie. "Method of Lines Analysis of Soret and Dufour Effects on an Unsteady Heat and Mass Transfer MHD Natural Convection Couette Flow". Physical Science International Journal 27, nr 2 (5.06.2023): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i2780.

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This study examines the numerical solutions of an unsteady natural convection Couette flow of a viscous, incompressible and electrically conducting fluid between the two vertical parallel plates in the presence of thermal radiation, Soret and Dufour. The fundamental dimensionless governing partial differential equations for the impulsive movement of the plate are solved by method of lines (MOL). The numerical simulations for the effects of Soret and Dufour on the velocity profile, the temperature profile and the concentration profile of the flow are shown graphically. The analysis indicates that the fluid velocity is an increasing function of Soret and Dufour numbers. Also, the concentration profile and the temperature profile increase with increase in the Soret number and Dufour number respectively.
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Kavitha, S., i A. Selvaraj. "Rotation and Dufour Impact on Unsteady Flow Past a Parabolic Accelerated Vertical Plate with Uniform Temperature and Mass Diffusion". Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 17, nr 24 (25.06.2024): 2482–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v17i24.1422.

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Objective : Fluid dynamics and heat transfer theory examine the Dufour phenomenon and the rotational influence of unstable parabolic flow across an accelerating infinite vertical plate. This scenario involves several parameters, including the "mass Grashof number (Gr), thermal Grashof number (Gc), Prandtl number (Pr), Hartmann number (Ha), Schmidt number (Sc), Dufour number (Dc), and acceleration parameter". Method : We have applied the Laplace transform method to the resulting PDE. This method converts the equations to algebraic form, making it easier to solve for velocity, temperature, and concentration in terms of time and space. Graphs can show the relationship between the acceleration parameter and numerous parameters such as mass and thermal Grashof, Hartmann (Ha), and Dufour (Df), as well as the consequent velocity profile. If the velocity increases when these variables change, we'll look at the physical reasons that generate this behaviour. We will examine the conclusions using experimental data or existing theoretical models, considering the model's assumptions and limits. Finally, highlight the significant facts and insights gained from the analysis. We will discuss potential future research possibilities, such as exploring more complex geometries or accounting for new physical effects. Findings : The increase in Dufour parameter value causes an increase in temperature and level trends, demonstrating the significant influence of these factors on the researched phenomena. Novelty: This research advances our understanding of heat and mass transfer phenomena by isolating the Dufour effect in a novel scenario involving unsteady flow around a rotating vertical plate, filling a gap in the existing body of knowledge that is dominated by MHD-inclusive investigations. Suggestions: This approach is fairly general and may be applied to find analysis of heat and mass transfer on Dufour effect for other effects such as Soret effect, Hall current of heat and mass transfer. Keywords: Uniform Temperature, Thermo diffusion (Dufour), Inverse Laplace, Rotational, Constant Mass
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Jha, Basant K., i Yusuf Y. Gambo. "Transient natural convention heat and mass transfer flow in a vertical channel in the presence of Soret and Dufour effects: An analytical approach". International Journal of Modern Physics C 31, nr 02 (15.01.2020): 2050032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183120500321.

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This paper presents an analytical solution for transient natural convection heat and mass transfer flow in a vertical channel with Soret and Dufour effects. Due to the presence of these two effects, energy and concentration equations are coupled. The dimensionless governing equations for momentum, energy and concentration are first decoupled using perturbation method and then solved using Laplace Transform Technique (LTT) under relevant initial and boundary conditions. The expressions for temperature, concentration, velocity, rate of heat transfer, rate of mass transfer and skin-friction are obtained. Numerical solutions are also obtained using pdepe in MATLAB so as to validate the accuracy of the proposed analytical method. The effects of Soret parameter, Dufour parameter, Grashof number, modified Grashof number, Prandtl number, Schmidt number and dimensionless time are presented graphically and discussed. It is observed that the temperature and velocity increase with increase in Dufour number, while concentration decreases with increase of Dufour number. The Dufour effect is more significant on the temperature and velocity in comparison to concentration. Moreover, it is observed that the concentration and velocity increase with increase in Soret number while the impact of Soret number is just contrast on temperature variation.
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Siti Suzilliana Putri Mohamed Isa, Hazirah Mohd Azmi, Nanthini A/P Balakrishnan, Norihan Md. Arifin i Haliza Rosali. "Soret-Dufour Effects on Heat and Mass Transfer of Newtonian Fluid Flow over the Inclined Sheet and Magnetic Field". Journal of Advanced Research in Numerical Heat Transfer 14, nr 1 (11.10.2023): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arnht.14.1.3948.

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Newtonian fluid is ideal for lubrication purposes because the viscosity of this fluid remains as a function of the shear. Besides, the heat and mass transfer are an important study area in fluid dynamics due to its vast applications in industrial processes. The heat-mass transfer can be defined as the Soret and Dufour effect, which implemented in many industrial applications such as in chemical engineering and geosciences field. In addition, the fluid flow over an extending/compressing sheet has significant industrial applications such as the cooling of continuous strips, glass fibre production, the extrusion of plastic sheets from a die, etc. As a response, this study aims to investigate the impacts of Soret and Dufour parameters on the Newtonian fluid flow over an inclined stretching/shrinking sheet. The methodology of this mathematical model are stated as follow: 1) the transformation of partial differential equations (PDEs) to the ordinary differential equations (ODEs), and 2) The ODEs are solved using bvp4c solver in MATLAB software. The bvp4c solver is a MATLAB program directory that solves general form and multi-point boundary layer problems. The main sections of bvp4c are: 1) The solution of the ODEs, 2) The related boundary conditions that can produce the expected results, and 3) An initial guess to run the bvp4c solver. As a result, the numerical and graphical results show that the Soret effect increases the concentration profile whereas decreases the temperature profile. The vice versa occurrence is true for Dufour effect. The convective mass transfer caused by a temperature gradient is known as thermal-diffusion (Soret) effect. The convective heat transfer produced by concentration differences is known as diffusion-thermo (Dufour) effect. However, since the process of heat and mass transfers are related to each other, the Soret and Dufour effects are able to influence both of this process simultaneously. In conclusion, the convective heat transfer is enhanced by increasing Soret and Dufour number while the convective mass transfer is declined by increasing the two numbers.
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Filahi, Ismail, Mohamed Bourich, Mohammed Hasnaoui i Abdelkhalek Amahmid. "Analytical and Numerical Study of Soret and Dufour Effects on Thermosolutal Convection in a Horizontal Brinkman Porous Layer with a Stress-Free Upper Boundary". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (31.03.2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4046570.

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In this paper, thermo-diffusion (Soret effect) and diffusion-thermo (Dufour effect) effects on double-diffusive natural convection induced in a horizontal Brinkman porous layer with a stress-free upper boundary are investigated. The cavity is filled with a binary fluid and subjected to uniform fluxes of heat and mass on its long sides. An analytical solution based on the parallel flow approximation is developed for the problem considered in order to allow prompt determination of the thresholds of stationary and finite amplitude solutions and also heat and mass transfer characteristics. The analytical solution is validated numerically by using a finite difference method. The combined effects of the Soret and Dufour parameters, the thermal Rayleigh number, the buoyancy ratio, and the Darcy number on the flow intensity and heat and mass transfer are illustrated graphically, and some particular behaviors observed are discussed. The analytical solution proves the existence of different regions in the buoyancy ratio-Dufour parameter plane, corresponding to different parallel flow behaviors. The number, the location, and the extent of these regions, which are impossible to predict numerically, depend strongly on Soret and Dufour parameters. The effect of thermo-diffusion and diffusion-thermo on flow intensity and heat and mass transfer is found to be important.
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Zeb, Salman, Suliman Khan, Zakir Ullah, Muhammad Yousaf, Ilyas Khan, Nawa Alshammari, Nur Alam i Nawaf N. Hamadneh. "Lie Group Analysis of Double Diffusive MHD Tangent Hyperbolic Fluid Flow over a Stretching Sheet". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (21.02.2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9919073.

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In this study, we have used Lie group analysis procedure to propose a novel model for transforming the governing equations of double diffusive MHD hyperbolic tangent fluid flow model into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The solution of these equations is then investigated numerically by employing Shooting method. We also reported and presented our results graphically illustrating the results and analysis of physical parameters on concentration, velocity, and temperature profiles and on other physical quantities present in the flow model. The results show that fluid temperature increases with rise in the modified Dufour and velocity slip parameters whereas opposite behavior is observed for thermal slip parameter. Moreover, the Nusselt number declines with enhanced values of modified Dufour parameter whereas its opposite effect has been observed for Dufour-solutal Lewis number and Prandtl number.
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Kefayati, Gholamreza. "Soret and Dufour effects on double diffusive mixed convection of Newtonian and shear-thinning fluids in a two sided lid-driven cavity". Engineering Computations 33, nr 7 (3.10.2016): 2117–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-10-2015-0300.

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Purpose The thermal-diffusion (Soret) and the diffusion-thermo (Dufour) effects play a crucial role in double diffusive mixed convection in a lid-driven cavity; but they have not been studied properly by researchers. The purpose of this paper is to investigate effects of Soret and Dufour parameters on double diffusive laminar mixed convection of shear-thinning and Newtonian fluids in a two-sided lid-driven cavity. Design/methodology/approach Finite Difference Lattice Boltzmann method (FDLBM) has been applied to solve the complex problem. This study has been conducted for the certain pertinent parameters of Richardson number (Ri=0.00062-1), power-law index (n=0.2-1), Soret parameter (Sr=−5-5) as Dufour number effects have been investigated from Dr=−5 to 5 at Buoyancy ratio of N=1 and Lewis number of Le=5. Findings Results indicate that the augmentation of Richardson number causes heat and mass transfer to decrease. The fall of the power-law index declines heat and mass transfer at Ri=0.00062 and 0.01 in various Dufour and Soret parameters. At Ri=1, the heat and mass transfer rise with the increment of power-law index for Dr=0 and Sr=0. The least effect of power-law index on heat and mass transfer among the studied Richardson numbers was observed at Ri=1. The positive Dufour numbers augment the heat transfer gradually as the positive Soret numbers enhance the mass transfer. The Dr=−5 and Sr=−5 provokes the negative average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, respectively, to be generated. The least magnitude of the average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers were obtained at Dr=−1 and Sr=−1, respectively. Originality/value Soret and Dufour effects in double diffusive mixed convection has not been studied in a lid-driven cavity. In addition. this study has been conducted also for shear-thinning fluids.
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Santos, Francisco Junior Lemes. "Da obra do gozo ou do sentido do sintoma: desordem simbólica e mínimo de Outro". Estilos da Clinica 28, nr 2 (20.08.2023): 264–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1981-1624.v28i2p264-276.

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No fundamento do que o filósofo Dany-Robert Dufour chama de dessimbolização está o esvaecimento do grande Sujeito, o desaparecimento do Outro. Este, um conceito eminentemente psicanalítico, considerável no ensino do psicanalista Jacques-Marie Émile Lacan, do qual o filósofo francês se serve. Se foi possível a Dufour indicar um processo de dessimbolização, não é porque a questão do Outro permaneceu intacta. O fato é que, na psicanálise lacaniana, também não. Esta pesquisa bibliográfica toma o singular paradoxo apresentado por Dufour, que aventa um regozijo frente ao sofrimento imiscuído na dessimbolização, mas contornando-o sobretudo desde o último Lacan, isto é, a partir do Seminário 20, e de seus aliados, a fim de fornecer outros operadores que possam problematizar essa leitura. Os desdobramentos e resultados alcançam a inconsistência do Outro frente ao protagonismo do modo de gozar do parlêtre.
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Krementz, David G., Richard J. Barker, William A. Link, James E. Hines, Pat O. Corr i Ray B. Owen. "Response to Dufour and Ankney". Ornis Scandinavica 21, nr 4 (grudzień 1990): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3676398.

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Rashidi, Mohammad Mehdi, Mohamed Ali, Behnam Rostami, Peyman Rostami i Gong-Nan Xie. "Heat and Mass Transfer for MHD Viscoelastic Fluid Flow over a Vertical Stretching Sheet with Considering Soret and Dufour Effects". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/861065.

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The homotopy analysis method (HAM) with two auxiliary parameters is employed to examine heat and mass transfer in a steady two-dimensional magneto hydrodynamic viscoelastic fluid flow over a stretching vertical surface by considering Soret and Dufour effects. The two-dimensional boundary-layer governing partial differential equations are derived by considering the Boussinesq approximation. The highly nonlinear ordinary differential forms of momentum, energy, and concentration equations are obtained by similarity transformation. These equations are solved analytically in the presence of buoyancy force. The effects of different involved parameters such as magnetic field parameter, Prandtl number, buoyancy parameter, Soret number, Dufour number, and Lewis number on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are plotted and discussed. The effect of the second auxiliary parameter is also illustrated. Results show that the effect of increasing Soret number or decreasing Dufour number tends to decrease the velocity and temperature profiles (increase in Sr cools the fluid and reduces the temperature) while enhancing the concentration distribution.
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Książki na temat "General Dufour"

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Langendorf, Jean-Jacques. Guillaume Henri Dufour, ou, La passion du juste milieu. Lucerne: Editions R. Coeckelberghs, 1987.

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Dufour, Guillaume Henri. "Aimez-moi comme je vous aime": 190 lettres de G.H. Dufour à A. Pictet. Vienne: Karolinger, 1987.

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The world is not for sale: Farmers against junk food. London: Verso, 2001.

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The world is not for sale: Farmers against junk food. London: Verso, 2002.

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United States. General Accounting Office., red. Wildlife protection: Enforcement of federal laws could be strengthened : statement of James Duffus III, Director, Natural Resources Management Issues, Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division, before the Subcommittee on General Oversight and California Desert Lands, Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives. [Washington, D.C.]: The Office, 1992.

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Einigkeit, Freiheit, Menschlichkeit: Guillaume Henri Dufour als General, Ingenieur, Kartograf und Politiker. Basel: NZZ Libro, 2022.

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Series, Michigan Historical Reprint. Strategy and tactics: By General G. H. Dufour ... Tr. from the latest French edition by Wm. P. Craighill. Scholarly Publishing Office, University of Michigan Library, 2005.

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Mountain Warfare Illustrated by the Campaign of 1799 in Switzerland: Being a Translation of the Swiss Narrative, Compiled from the Works of the Archduke Charles, Jomini, and Others; Also of Notes by General H. Dufour, on the Campaign in the Valtelline In. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2022.

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Mountain Warfare Illustrated by the Campaign of 1799 in Switzerland: Being a Translation of the Swiss Narrative, Compiled from the Works of the Archduke Charles, Jomini, and Others; Also of Notes by General H. Dufour, on the Campaign in the Valtelline In. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2022.

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Jomini, Antoine-Henri, Lawrence Shadwell i Charles. Mountain Warfare Illustrated by the Campaign of 1799 in Switzerland: Being a Translation of the Swiss Narrative, Compiled from the Works of the Archduke Charles, Jomini, and Others; Also of Notes by General H. Dufour, on the Campaign in the Valtelline In. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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Części książek na temat "General Dufour"

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Remak, Joachim, i James M. McPherson. "Reluctant General: Guillaume Henri Dufour". W A very civil war: the Swiss Sonderbund War of 1847, 75–88. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429034596-6.

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Duffus, C. M. "Starch synthesis and deposition in developing cereal endosperms". W Seed Storage Compounds, 191–209. Oxford University PressOxford, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198577683.003.0013.

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Abstract The identity and concentration of the carbon-containing molecules entering the developing cells of the immature cereal endosperm are not known with any certainty. The main source of carbon for starch synthesis is generally believed to be sucrose (Jenner 1982; Duffus 1992), the evidence for this being based partly on observations by Porter (1962) which showed that sucrose is the major transport material in higher plants. Analysis of peduncle sieve tube sap (Fisher 1987) has indicated that sucrose is not the sole carbon-containing compound entering the grain. Samples were obtained using exuding aphid stylets and it was shown that sucrose, amino acids, and potassium accounted for 75-90 per cent of the total exudate osmolarity. Thus, sucrose is not the sole source of carbon entering the developing grain. The relative amounts of the different amino acids in grain protein are very different from those thought to enter the developing endosperm. There is therefore likely to be much metabolic transformation of amino acids before their incorporation into grain protein. In mammalian systems, amino acids not incorporated directly into protein can be recycled into pathways of carbohydrate synthesis following deamination. It is quite likely therefore, and some evidence exists to support this hypothesis, that carbon from amino acids may be used in starch synthesis (Duffus and Rosie 1978; Donovan et al. 1983).
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Marwaha, Lovleen. "Retinue Behaviour of Worker Honey Bees". W The Polyandrous Queen Honey Bee: Biology and Apiculture, 163–74. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815079128112010009.

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Different queen pheromones attract colonial workers who respond by forming a surrounding group around the stationary queen. This specific behaviour is considered retinue behaviour. Workers lick, groom, and antennate the queen to get pheromones which influence workers' behaviour, physiology, development, hormones, reproduction, etc. Various pheromonal glands like the Mandibular gland components, the Tergal gland, Dufour's gland, etc., influence the retinue. Primary pheromones which influence the retinue process include (E)-9-oxo-2-decanoic acid(9-ODA), methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate(HOB), (R)-and (S)-(E)-9-hydroxy-2-decanoic acid(9-HDA), 4- hydroxy3-methoxyphenylethanol (HVA), 10-hydroxy-decanoic acid (10-HDAA) and10-hydroxy-2 (E)-decanoic acid (10-HDA), methyl oleate, coniferyl alcohol, palmityl alcohol, and linolenic acid. Furthermore, queen ester includes palmitates, oleates, ethyl stearate, ethyl, and methyl palmitoleate. Additionally, specific volatiles influence swarming, drone attraction, and general organization of the colony. This chapter comprehensively describes the retinue behaviour of workers, responsible elements, and the significance of retinue.
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Basile, Geneviève De Saint. "Inherited Hemophagocytic Syndromes". W Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases, 578–88. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195147742.003.0041.

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Abstract Several hereditary disorders of the immune system are characterized by the occurrence of a similar T lymphocyte and macrophage activation syndrome, also called hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) syndrome or accelerated phase of the disease, which is generally fatal in the absence of treatment. Hemophagocytic syndrome is characterized by lymphoid organ and extranodal infiltration by polyclonal activated T cells and activated macrophages that phagocytose blood cells (Table 41.1). HLH is in most cases triggered by a viral infection, especially of the herpes group (Epstein-Barr virus [EBV], cytomegalovirus [CMV]). Four inherited disorders have been identified that lead to HLH syndrome (Dufourcq-Lagelouse et al., 1999b): the familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) (MIM 267700), the Griscelli syndrome (GS) (MIM 214450), the Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) (MIM 214500), and the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (X-LP) (MIM 308240). Only FHL and GS will be discussed in this chapter, the two other disorders being addressed in other chapters (Chapters 19 and 31). The primary causes of HLH should be distinguished from lymphohistiocytic proliferation with hemophagocytosis, which develops secondary to severe infections in an immunocompromised host, or during the course of malignancies.
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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "General Dufour"

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Al Majid, Ahmad, i Régis Dufour. "Modeling Damping Effect due to High Transient Motion Using the Riemannian Space". W ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/vib-21414.

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Abstract An original method for evaluating the dissipative effect in SDOF systems due to the transient phenomenon was presented in a previous article (Al Majid and Dufour, 2000). This method based on the use of an additional dimension, and the general relativity concept was validated experimentally. However, the function of the forcing frequency required to establish the metric of the space was identified using an experimental transfer function. In the present paper the main objective is to solve the geodesic equations in order to avoid the experimental identification of the function contained in the metric. The variational problem of the metric of Riemannian space gives three geodesic equations for the SDOF system studied. Solving these equations gives in particular the transient forced response which, when compared with experimental results, permits validating the proposed method and therefore proving that the transient motion bends the space-time.
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Wiese, Connor J., i James L. Rutledge. "Mass-Heat Coupling in Film Cooling Experiments — The Influence of Temperature and Turbulence on the Dufour Effect". W ASME Turbo Expo 2023: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2023-101638.

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Abstract The use of foreign gases in laboratory film cooling experiments is attractive since variable density ratios can be achieved with coolant-to-freestream temperature ratios near unity, often reducing the cost and difficulty of the experimental campaign. In adiabatic effectiveness experiments employing pressure sensitive paint along with the mass transfer analogy to heat transfer, isothermal surfaces are often an experimental requirement. Furthermore, low temperature laboratory experiments using thermal techniques often employ relatively close matches between the coolant and freestream temperatures. Using foreign gases, however, introduces off-diagonal couplings of heat and mass transport, which can produce unexpected results in film cooling experiments. In particular, the Dufour effect — also called the diffusion-thermo effect — which is the transfer of thermal energy by mass transfer processes, can manifest in surface temperatures that break the traditional bounds of thermal adiabatic effectiveness experiments: outside the upper and lower bounds of the coolant and freestream temperature. Beyond the expected confusion for the researcher, this effect can also be detrimental to those that assume that matching the coolant and freestream temperatures are the necessary and sufficient conditions to ensure isothermal surface conditions in traditional pressure sensitive paint experiments. In this work, the influence of cooling gas selection, experimental temperature, and experimental freestream turbulence conditions are explored on a simulated leading edge with compound injection from a cylindrical cooling hole. Air, argon, carbon dioxide, helium, and nitrogen coolants were analyzed due to their use in prior film cooling studies. The Dufour effect was found to be significant when using helium as the coolant, though temperature separation was also observed in argon and carbon dioxide cases. Additionally, elevated experiment temperatures generally increased temperature separation. Finally, high freestream turbulence intensity was found to reduce, but not eliminate, the Dufour effect in helium experiments.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "General Dufour"

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Hefetz, Abraham, i Justin O. Schmidt. Use of Bee-Borne Attractants for Pollination of Nonrewarding Flowers: Model System of Male-Sterile Tomato Flowers. United States Department of Agriculture, październik 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586462.bard.

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The use of bee natural product for enhancing pollination is especially valuable in problematic crops that are generally avoided by bees. In the present research we attempted to enhance bee visitation to Male Sterile (M-S) tomato flowers generally used in the production of hybrid seeds. These flowers that lack both pollen and nectar are unattractive to bees that learn rapidly to avoid them. The specific objects were to elucidate the chemical composition of the exocrine products of two bumble bee species the North American Bombus impatiens and the Israeli B. terrestris. Of these, to isolate and identify a bee attractant which when sprayed on M-S tomato flowers will enhance bee visitation, and to provide a procedure of the pheromone application regime. During the research we realized that our knowledge of B. impatiens is too little and we narrowed the objective to learning the basic social behavior of the bees and the pattern of foraging in a flight chamber and how it is affected by biogenic amines. Colonies of B. impatiens are characterized by a high number of workers and a relatively small number of queens. Size differences between queens and workers are pronounced and the queen seems to have full control over egg laying. Only about 9% of the workers in mature colonies had mature oocytes, and there were no signs of a "competition phase" as we know in B. terrestris. Queens and workers differ in their exocrine bouquet. Queen's Dufour's gland possesses a series of linear, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons whereas that of workers contains in addition a series of wax-type esters. Bees were trained to either visit or avoid artificially scented electronic flowers in a flight chamber. Since bee also learned to avoid scented non-rewarding flowers we attempted to interfere with this learning. We tested the effect of octopamine, a biogenic amine affecting bee behavior, on the choice behavior of free-flying bumblebees. Our results show that octopamine had no significant effect on the bees' equilibrium choice or on the overall rate of the behavioral change in response to the change in reward. Rather, octopamine significantly affected the time interval between the change in reward status and the initiation of behavioral change in the bee. In B. terrestris we studied the foraging pattern of the bees on tomato flowers in a semi commercial greenhouse in Yad Mordechai. Bee learned very quickly to avoid the non- rewarding M-S flowers, irrespective of their arrangement in the plot, i.e., their mixing with normal, pollen bearing flowers. However, bees seem to "forget" this information during the night since the foraging pattern repeats itself the next morning. Several exocrine products were tested as visitation enhancers. Among these, tarsal gland extracts are the most attractive. The compounds identified in the tarsal gland extract are mostly linear saturated hydrocarbons with small amounts of unsaturated ones. Application was performed every second day on leaves in selected inflorescences. Bee visitation increased significantly in the treated inflorescences as compared to the control, solvent treated. Treatment of the anthers cone was more effective than on the flower petals or the surrounding leaves. Methanol proved to be a non-flower-destructive solvent. We have shown that bumble bees (B. terrestris) can be manipulated by bee-borne attractants to visit non-rewarding flowers. We have further demonstrated that the bees learning ability can be manipulated by applying exogenously octopamine. Both methods can be additively applied in enhancing pollination of desired crops. Such manipulation will be especially useful in tomato cultivation for hybrid seed production.
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