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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 29 lipca 2024

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1

Lommers-Johnson, Tess A. "Stressful Scriptures: Gender Role Ideology, Gender Role Stress, and Christian Religiosity". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/761.

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The Gender Role Stress paradigm asserts that individuals experience distress when they cannot or do not want to live up to the roles prescribed to their gender, and this stress is related to Gender Role Ideology. Within American Christian culture, gender roles are socialized and shaped according to tradition and the Bible. To investigate the intersection of these factors, Christian adults will respond to questionnaires about their Gender Role Ideology, Gender Role Stress, and religiosity. Significant positive correlational relationships between Gender Role Ideology and Gender Role Stress, between religiosity and Gender Role Ideology, and between religiosity and Gender Role Stress are expected for both men and women. However, Gender Role Ideology is expected to partially mediate any relationship found between religiosity and Gender Role Stress. This will imply that for Christian individuals, religiosity and Christianity are related to Gender Role Stress but this relationship is dependent on an individual’s beliefs about gender roles. Implications and further directions are discussed, including spiritual gender role negotiation and the sanctification paradigm.

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Bloomfield, Elizabeth A. "Gender role stereotyping and art interpretation". Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1550.

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This research explores the relationship between gender role stereotypes and art interpretation. The study focuses on survey results collected from high school students in an art education classroom and undergraduate college students in an art exploration course. The aim of the study was to determine if gender role stereotypes affects the way that individuals perceive artwork as created by a male or female artist. Results show that gender role stereotyping along with the gender of the participant affects the symbolism within the artwork that results in the attribution of artwork being created by a male or female artists. It also demonstrates a perceived decrease in gender role stereotypes of males over the past 42 years.

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Singleton, Pamela. "Gender Ideology and Impressions Toward Opposite-Gendered Coworkers". ScholarWorks, 2020. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7955.

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To achieve organizational effectiveness, leaders must examine what impacts productivity, such as workplace equality for women hindered to the point of exclusion and discrimination. The purpose of this correlational study was to determine if gender ideology, as the predictor variable, and male and female impressions toward an opposite-gendered coworker, as the criterion variable, predicts an individual's impressions toward an opposite-gendered coworker, in alignment with gender role theory. The Gender Role Ideology measure was used to assess perceptions about appropriate roles for men and women, and Coworker Resource Scale was used to assess the nature of coworker relationships among 203 middle- to upper-level managers. Data collection was conducted via Survey Monkey and SPSS was used to analyze the data. According to study results, there were no statistically significant correlations between the predictor and criterion variables. However, future research is warranted in relation to opposite-gendered coworkers and their gender ideologies. An in-depth examination of how gender ideologies relate to employee interaction has positive social change implications for workplace attitudes through improved employee cohesiveness as opposed to discrimination and exclusion. The proposed implications for positive social change from workplace attitude awareness include knowledge useful to employees in shifting their gender ideologies, increasing levels of employee interaction, and moving toward a more supportive and satisfactory existence in the workplace.

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4

Wilkey, Brian Mize. "Gender Role Flexibility: An Account of Its Effects on Career Role Projections". Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1272047704.

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McCullough, Anna. "Gender and public image in imperial Rome". Thesis, St Andrews, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/357.

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Dunnington, Jason. "Learning gender at church". Available from ProQuest, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com.ezproxy.drew.edu/pqdweb?index=0&sid=3&srchmode=2&vinst=PROD&fmt=6&startpage=-1&clientid=10355&vname=PQD&RQT=309&did=1633768391&scaling=FULL&ts=1263916678&vtype=PQD&rqt=309&TS=1263916689&clientId=10355.

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7

Leonard, Robin L. "Aggression: Relationships with Sex, Gender Role Identity, and Gender Role Stress". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1054.

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Sex, gender-role identity, and gender-role stress were assessed in terms of their relationship to observed gender differences in self-reported aggression. Physical and verbal aggression were explored, as well as the affective component of anger and cognitive component of hostility. The role of emotional intelligence in these relationships was also evaluated, as a possible correlate to the gender-related variables. The results indicated that both gender-role stress and gender-role identification were significantly associated with all components of aggression; however, only physical aggression was related to sex. Emotional intelligence was linked to sex and gender-role identity but not with gender-role stress. The results also suggested that emotional intelligence predicts physical aggression, anger, and hostility in addition to the variance explained by gender variables, presenting negative relationships with each of these variables.

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8

Kruger, Karen. "Experiences of gender role assignment by women in transitional marriages". University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5103.

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Magister Artium (Psychology) - MA(Psych)
BACKGROUND: Global female workforce participation has increased rapidly over the past few decades, and the majority of marriages are now dual-earning. Marriages were therefore expected to shift from traditional to egalitarian, where household tasks are shared equally between spouses. However, decades later, the majority of marriages are still found to be in a transitional phase, where women are employed outside of the home, but maintain responsibility for the majority of domestic tasks and childcare. The transitional marriage holds a number of complications for spouses, as gender roles are no longer clearly defined and more difficult to negotiate. Married women are under particular strain as they now have to balance both the work and family roles. OBJECT: The aim of the present study is to gain a better understanding of how women in transitional marriages experience and make meaning of the roles that they fulfil. Minimal research has been devoted to this issue, and the literature largely focuses on marriages at the traditional or egalitarian ends of the gender role spectrum. METHOD: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight women in transitional marriages, with children living at home. The data were examined using thematic analysis. RESULTS: The results indicated that the majority of participants worked out of economic necessity as opposed to choice, and that half of the participants earned more than their spouses. Most participants still harboured traditional gender beliefs even though their external circumstances had changed. This discrepancy seemed to cause significant internal and marital conflict, yet the attainment of more egalitarian beliefs seemed difficult to attain owing to feelings of guilt and a perceived threat of identity loss. Consequently, the majority of participants had difficulty relinquishing control over several household tasks. Furthermore, demanding work hours, the lack of family-friendly policies at work, and cultural factors also played a role in the maintenance of traditional beliefs by participants CONCLUSIONS: Much research still needs to be conducted to gain a more thorough understanding of changing gender roles in society, as well as to inform new workforce legislation that could enhance the lives of families. Lastly, as most studies focus on the experiences of women regarding the division of labour (probably because of the significant adaptations that have occurred in women’s roles), it becomes necessary to gain an understanding of the experiences of men as well, particularly if research is going to be utilised for the benefit of the whole family. As became evident, unequal division of tasks is often maintained by women for several reasons, and is no longer necessarily the result of oppression by men, as much of the literature suggests.

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Webb, Gary Ray. "An Examination of Gender Role Differentiation in Crowd and Collective Behavior". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278003/.

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This study examines the relationship between social stress and gender role differentiation. Crowd and collective behavior literature suggests two competing hypotheses. Social contagion theories suggest that gender roles become dedifferentiated in crowds. Social structural theories suggest that gender roles in crowds parallel institutional gender roles. The case study format is used to assess the relationship. Six crowd events, representing varying levels of social stress, were observed. Data were gathered via systematic observations, interviews and document analysis. The findings indicate that gender roles in crowds parallel institutional gender roles. Culturally prescribed gender expectations endure across social stress settings.

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10

Hunter, Kate. "The Relationship Among Gender, Gender Role Attitudes, and the Anticipated Commitment to Career, Marriage, Family, and Housework". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3181/.

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The relationships between gender, gender role attitudes, and participants' anticipation of future life roles (career, marriage, family, and homecare) were examined. Participants consisted of 297 single college students between the ages of 17-29 years (M = 20). Females reported significantly (p< .01) more egalitarian gender role attitudes than males. Significant results were found for the relationship between gender and anticipated life roles (p< .01) as well as between gender role attitudes and anticipated life roles (career role value, r = .14 and marital role value, r = - .18). The study findings suggest a possible gender conflict for females with more egalitarian gender role attitudes and behavior intentions and their male counterparts.

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11

Thoms, Norman B. "Gender role characteristics and depression". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0031/MQ62295.pdf.

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12

Fuller, Molly. "Gender Role Prescriptions and Apologies". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1512503273561072.

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Martinson, Melissa M. "Visual depictions of gender in parent magazines". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5627.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on September 8, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

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14

Joffe, Arlene Ora. "Psychological gender : the relationship between sex-role and gender identity". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14275.

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Bibliography: leaves 100-113.
The study is based on psychoanalytic theory of the development of gender identity. The basic premise is that there are at least two levels of gender-related identity, viz. gender identity and sex-role. Thirty-three male and thirty-nine female university students participated in the study. They were asked to complete questionnaires designed to measure gender identity, sex-role and sexual orientation. Gender identity was measured by means of fantasy patterns which emerge in story-telling. The Bern Sex-Role Inventory was used to measure sex-role. Subjects' sexual orientations were described with the aid of the Kinsey Seven-Point Rating Scale. Results indicate a number of unanticipated complexities which need further investigation. The type of picture used in the measurement of gender identity seems to determine whether or not a subject's true gender identity will emerge or whether it will be distorted. There is a relationship between sex-role and gender identity, but it is indirect. The gender identities of persons whose sex-roles are feminine, masculine or undifferentiated tend to conform to biological sex. Persons whose sex-roles are androgynous, however, tend towards feminine gender identity whatever their biological sex. Further research is recommended to confirm or refute these results.

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Jun, Dong Chang. ""Male gender role strain" : a pastoral assessment". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1074.

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Thesis (DTh (Practical Theology and Missiology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was firstly to investigate Korean males’ gender role strain, its impact on their spirituality and identity, and the relationship between male gender role strain and the issue of power within the Korean context, based on Pleck’s male gender role strain paradigm. Firstly, the empirical study (in-depth interview with the fifteen Korean males within the Cape Town region) found that the majority of males (12 out of 15) experienced anger, shame, anxiety, helplessness, guilt and health problems as related to male gender role strains. Secondly, the research also indicated that their dysfunctional strain seemed to lead them to seek a God who guarantees material well-being, prosperity, and success, while their discrepancy strain seemed to generate an intense low self-esteem that is associated with a distant, callous and unfair God. Thirdly, this study indicated that the strains in their roles were closely related to the issue of power (12 out of 15). They identified the source of their strain as getting ahead, competition, winning, anxiety about performance, longing for a sense of superiority, a sense of comparison, and their wish to boast about their competency. The second purpose of this study was to examine whether a theological understanding of God’s vulnerability help pastoral care to address the problem of men’s power and psychological struggles (male gender role strain) - possibly to reframe the notion of power in order to foster spiritual maturity in males. In order to reframe the concept of power from a theological perspective (through reinterpretation of the notion of God’s power), the researcher has selected three interpretations of a theology of the cross and resurrection (Luther, Moltmann and Louw). Three interpretations of a theology of the cross and resurrection can contribute towards this paradigm shift. The first concerns our human existential predicament of helplessness, while the second is about the theological problem of God’s identity: God’s relationship to the notion of suffering. The third has an implication for pastoral therapy and identity formation. The research finding is that, if the concept of the pantokrator can be reframed by a pathetic interpretation of the cross, this theological reframing has consequences for the human understanding of power. A reinterpretation of God’s power could bring about a paradigm shift from the notion of power as strength, control, domination and success, to that of power as vulnerability, service and pathos of other-empowerment. Such a hermeneutics of power can foster spiritual growth and healing in males by helping them to shift their concerns to serving others, and empowering fellow human beings from pursuing strength and control.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was eerstens om die Koreaanse manlike geslag se spanning te ondersoek, en die impak daarvan op hul spiritualiteit en identiteit, asook die verhouding tussen die rol van die manlike geslag se spanning en die idee van mag binne die Koreaanse konteks, gebaseer op Pleck se rol van die manlike geslag se spanningsparadigma. Eerstens, die empiriese studie (in-diepte onderhoude met 15 Koreaanse mans in Kaapstad se omgewing) vind dat die meerderheid mans (12 uit elke 15) ervaar woede, skaamte, angs, hulpeloosheid, skuld en gesondheidsprobleme wat verband hou met spanning in hul manlike geslagsrol. Tweedens, die navorsing het ook aangedui dat hul disfunksionele spanning skynbaar daartoe gelei het om hulle ‘n God te laat soek wat materiële welsyn, welvaart en sukses waarborg, terwyl hul teenstrydige spanning skynbaar ‘n intense lae selfbeeld genereer wat verband hou met ‘n veraf, gevoellose en onregverdige God. Derdens, hierdie studie het getoon dat die spanninge in hulle rolle ten nouste saamhang met die aspek van mag (12 uit elke 15). Hulle identifiseer die bron van hulle spanning as vooruitgang, kompetisie, oorwinning, angs oor prestasie, die sug na ’n superieure posisie, die obsessie om altyd te vergelyk en die hubris oor eie vaardighede. Die tweede doel van hierdie studie was om na te vors of ‘n teologiese verstaan van God se weerloosheid vir pastorale versorging sal help om die problem van die manlike magsbeheptheid en sielkundige stress (spanning van die manlike geslagsrol) aan te spreek – moontlik om die begrip van mag te herdefinieer teneinde spirituele volwassenheid in mans te vestig. Om die konsep van mag vanuit ‘n teologiese perspektief te herdefinieer (deur die herinterpretasie van die begrip van God se mag), het die navorser drie interpretasies van ‘n teologie van die kruis en die opstanding (Luther, Moltmann en Louw) gekies. Hierdie drie interpretasies kan bydra tot hierdie paradigmaskuif. Die eerste gaan oor ons menslike eksistensiële toestand van hulpeloosheid, terwyl die tweede oor die teologiese problem van God se identiteit gaan: God se verhouding tot die begrip van lyding. Die derde het implikasies vir pastorale terapie en identiteitsontwikkeling. Die bevinding van die navorsing is dat, indien die konsep van die pantokrator herdefinieer kan word deur ‘n patetiese interpretasie van die kruis, dan het teologiese herdefiniëring gevolge vir die menslike verstaan van mag. ‘n Herinterpretasie van God se mag sou ‘n paradigmaskuif kon teweegbring vanuit die begrip van mag as krag, beheer, dominansie en sukses, na ‘n begrip van mag as kwetsbaarheid, diens en die patos van bemagtiging van andere. So ‘n hermeneutiek van mag kan spirituele groei bevorder en heling vir mans teweegbring deur hulle te help om hul kommer te verplaas na diens aan andere, en om hul medemense te bemagtig in plaas daarvan om krag en beheer na te jaag.

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Lewis, Meredith. "Gender Role Socialization: An Intergenerational Analysis of Role Predictors". Thesis, Växjö University, School of Social Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1250.

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Heyer-Gray, Zoey A. "Gender and religious work /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1426066.

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Schwendenman, Diane. "Gender Role Expectations of Classroom Teachers". University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1337199263.

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Koster, Keith A. "Demonstrator gender and the woodwinds : investigating children's differential views of gender propriety /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9904854.

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Wong, Yu-cheung. "Gender issues in marital satisfaction". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19469962.

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Shepherd, Claire. "Gender role attitudes : a European cross-national study, 1990-2008". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/gender-role-attitudes-a-european-crossnational-study-19902008(7445afb9-c3fa-4805-9f1d-4726e31fbc28).html.

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There has been a renewed research focus on developments within the family as a result of the broad social, economic and cultural developments that have occurred across Europe since the middle of the twentieth century. Arguably the rise in female, and particularly maternal employment, has produced the greatest impact on family life and gender roles. Given that this division of labour is changing there is debate about whether men and women's expectations and acceptance of some aspects of gender roles - their gender role attitudes - have also changed. Gender role attitudes feed into an array of sociological debates such as those concerning gender inequalities, women's position in the labour market, declining fertility rates and family breakdown, and naturally feeds into the discourse surrounding welfare state and policy decision making. Whilst discussions that concern the family and personal life have also been littered with debates about the existence and influence of individualisation over every aspect of modern life. Three waves of the European Values Study (EVS) are used to explore gender role attitude change, focusing on the division of labour, over time from 1990 to 2008 and across 19 countries in Europe. Two data classification techniques are used to derive a three pronged and interconnected measure of gender role attitudes (Maternal employment, Job fulfilment and Economic independence). Two types of cluster analyses are then used to explore similarities in attitude change across countries and over time. Five welfare state typologies are then tested based on their efficacy to predict attitudes to gender roles. Finally cohort and sex-based variations in attitudes are also examined. The main findings are:• Gender role attitudes have shifted at the cross-European level towards more progressive perspectives over time from 1990-2008, with men found to be lagging behind women's more liberal attitudes.• There is evidence that welfares state typologies capture only a small amount of variance within gender role attitudes and therefore little evidence is found to support the idea that similarities in family-policy and socio-economic contexts are mirrored by similar attitudes.• The findings uncover evidence to indicate that both cohort and period effects are associated with gender role attitude change over time.• The results also identify some congruence with specific elements from theories of individualisation. The study supports findings of previous research that suggests people in these countries seem to be becoming more accepting of women's evolving biographies but that gender inequalities remain and men's attitudes continue to lag behind those of women. There is evidence to both support and reject the idea that we are living in more individualised societies.

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Bailly, Laura. "Gender role personalities and physical attractiveness". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/656.

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The purpose of the current study was to explore whether personality dispositions can influence perceived physical appearance. Past research demonstrates that gendered and non-gendered characteristics lead to differential preferences for potential romantic interests among males and females (e.g., Cash & Smith, 1982). These previous studies have not, however, measured direct influence on pulchritude. In the present study, gendered and non-gendered personality descriptions were paired with pictures of average-looking individuals of both sexes to determine the influence of gender roles on perceived physical attractiveness. I hypothesized that males would find androgynous females more physically attractive than gender-typed and non-gender typed females. Similarly, females would find androgynous males more physically attractive than gender-typed and non-gender typed males. Findings indicated that feminine and androgynous personalities significantly increased perceived physical attractiveness of target females for the male participants, whereas undifferentiated and masculine roles significantly decreased perceived physical attractiveness of target males for female participants. Target photographs accompanied by feminine personality descriptions were rated the highest in overall desirability by both sexes.
B.S.
Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology

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23

Natalier, Kristin. ""I'm not his wife".: doing gender in share households /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17142.pdf.

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Brabcová, Zdeňka. "Aplikace gender managementu ve vybrané firmě". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224901.

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This diploma thesis is focused on the application of gender management in Bosch Diesel company, situated in Jihlava. In the theoretical part the essential terms and general findings about gender management and work-life balance are explained. The practical part of the thesis deals with the chosen company, analysis of its internal environment and incentives to integrate gender management and deal with the work-life balance. Alongside with the survey in Bosch Diesel, questionnaire research in Honeywell (Brno) was accomplished, which provided an interesting comparison with the questionnaire investigation carried out in Bosch Diesel. The aim of the thesis is to prepare suitable suggestions based on the previous analysis. These suggestions are of informational character and then they could bring positive changes in some companies (and the whole society as well).

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Kaya, Havva Eylem. "Stereotyped Gender Role Perceptions And Presentations In Elementary Schooling: A Case Study In Burdur (2001-2002)". Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604939/index.pdf.

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A schooling system that claims to offer its students the opportunities to develop their talents and help towards self-determination in their adult lives might be expected to have a career structure itself that demonstrated these virtues, one in which there was equality of the genders in positions of influence and leadership, and no gender stereotyping of roles. Apart from the fairness and consistency of that expectation, it is also reasonable to expect the neutral template of teacher employment and textbook selection in schools. Many children may grow up with few books in their homes but lots of those in their schools. Many of the textbooks used in elementary schools, according to recent studies, contain gender stereotypes. In these, females are rarely found as central characters and when they appear at all, they are often passive figures dependent on male characters. Women are frequently shown in domestic roles
in most textbooks it is assumed that only males '
go out to work'
whereas daughters are the best helpers of their mothers whose sons are allowed to do what they wish. In the light of those allegations, this research is designed as a case study which addresses itself to the aim of looking into stereotyped gender role presentations existing in elementary school textbooks used by the students studying at 1st-5th grades in 2001/2002 academic year of an elementary school placed in Burdur and to see whether these students are affected by the exposure of those stereotyped gender role presentations. For this purpose, the textbooks being studied are analyzed according to pre-set categories to deduce how they include stereotyped gender role presentations and the evaluation of the effects of that exposure on students are made by asking 1st-3rd grade students to draw and 4th-5th grade students to write compositions on a given topic. This study also attempts to find out both whether Turkish elementary school teachers teaching at 1st-5th grades are aware of stereotyped gender role presentations in those textbooks that they use and their own points of view about stereotyped gender role presentations via interviews carried out with them. In conclusion, stereotyped gender role presentations are encountered in those analyzed school textbooks studied at 1st- 5th grades in 2001/2002 academic year of the elementary school placed in Burdur and the perceptions of those presentations are also obtained in the drawn and written productions of the students studied at the same school. Through the teachers'
interviews, various kinds of perceptions towards gender role concept and its stereotyped presentations that take place in those textbooks are observed in their sayings

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Hermanson, Kaye Saurer. "Differences in men's emotional expression as a function of gender beliefs and contextual variables : partner gender and cues /". Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-134429/.

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Johnson, D. H. "Masculinities in rural Australia : gender, culture, and environment /". Richmond, N.S.W. : University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 2001. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030409.155513/index.html.

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Romeo, Katherine E. "Adolescents' Reasoning about Gender Harassment| The Role of Grade and Victim/ Perpetrator Genders". Thesis, University of Illinois at Chicago, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3668628.

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This study investigated middle and late adolescents’ judgments of and reasoning about an incident of homophobic harassment in four conditions, where the genders of the victim and perpetrator were varied (N = 104). Participants were asked whether they thought the victim in their scenario was upset, as well as whether or not the perpetrator had a negative intention. Social cognitive domain theory served as the framework for coding adolescents’ reasoning. In addition, adolescents’ endorsement of gender stereotypes was measured. As expected, having had a male victim, as opposed to a female victim, was related to lesser odds of believing the harassment was completely wrong among tenth graders, and lesser odds of believing the victim was upset. Participants in tenth grade were also more likely to use conventional reasoning in justifying their judgments about harassment than those in twelfth grade. Participants in the male victim/ perpetrator condition were less likely to believe the perpetrator had a negative intention than those in the female victim/ perpetrator condition. Contrary to expectations, endorsement of gender stereotypes was unrelated to the use of conventional reasoning. The effects of endorsement of gender stereotypes and use of moral reasoning in relation to judgments of harassment were significant among participants in the male victim condition, but non-significant among participants in the female victim condition.

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Ziersch, Anna Marie. "The minimal group paradigm : the impact of gender and gender-role orientation /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsz66.pdf.

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Boŝkoviḱ, Aleksandar. "Constructing gender in contemporary anthropology". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13183.

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This thesis explores the ways in which gender and contemporary anthropology interact, with the special emphasis on the areas frequently referred to as "poststructuralist" or "postmodern." More specifically, I look at one aspect which postmodern approaches and feminist theories have in common: questioning of the dominant narratives. This questioning then leads through a series of constructed realities (or hyperrealities) to the realization of the importance of the concept of difference(s) in all its aspects. The ethnographic examples are from the Republics of Slovenia (primarily concerning feminist groups and scholars) and Macedonia (the region of Prespa, in the southwestern part of the country). In both countries the fall of communism has created a sort of a power hiatus, filled with questions about identity, the future and ways to organize the newly emerging societies (since both countries became independent in 1991). In that regard, both countries are hyper real. After the Introduction, I outline the debates surrounding "postmodern" approaches in anthropology, different theoretical assumptions, as well as the area(s) where these approaches can inform anthropological research. I start with the overview of the working definitions of "postmodernism" and the attitudes towards it that characterize current anthropological theory, continuing with what I regard to be the most illustrative examples of it being misunderstood and misrepresented, and concluding with the meeting point of postmodern anthropology and the study of gender. In the following chapters I present the results of my field research in Macedonia and in Slovenia, concluding with the theoretical implications of contemporary anthropological approaches to the study of gender, as well as the reasons for presenting it as basically a social construct. In Conclusion, I point out at the fact that gender studies seem to be the only area where postmodernism and anthropology interact in the most positive way, primarily through the full exploration of the concept of difference(s).

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Deal, Erin. "Organizational Conflict Styles of Managers: The Effect of Gender Role Orientations". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1468248013.

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McCreary, D. R. "An empirical evaluation of gender role development in adulthood". Thesis, University of Kent, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234421.

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Demyan, Amy L. "Gender, gender role adherence, and self-esteem in long term mate selection preferences among college students". Ohio : Ohio University, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1125371590.

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Rehnman, Jenny. "The role of gender in face recognition". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Psychology, Stockholm University : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6636.

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McDonald, Maureen. "The gender role perceptions of adolescent girls". Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 1991. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/1887/.

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The present study is an investigation of the gender role perceptions of girls aged 10 - 15 years. The study aimed to assess any changes in these perceptions that might occur around adolescence, in particular whether interest becomes more focussed upon feminine concerns at puberty (the gender intensification hypothesis) and whether this might be related to girls' educational and leisure choices. The study is semilongitudinal with data collected over two years. For the purposes of cross-sectional analysis the participants were divided into three age groups: 10-11 years; 12-13 years; and 14-15 years. Two methods of data collection were employed: interviews' and repertory grids. The interviews were used to collect cross-sectional data pertaining to participants' perceptions of academic, occupational, sports and leisure choices. The repertory grids were used to collect both cross-sectional and longitudinal data and to access participants' personal gender perceptions within the educational context. The main findings to emerge from the interviews were that the gender stereotyping of preferences, choices and activities was less evident than expected, especially for school subject preferences and career aspirations. Although there was little evidence to support the gender intensification hypothesis, age-related changes in perceptions did occur showing a decline with age in interest for sporting activities and liking for maths. Results from the repertory grids showed commonalities in the constructions of the three age groups. Respondents' perceptions of masculinity (construed in terms of social stereotypes and sociability and hedonism) were more clearly defined than perceptions of femininity (construed mainly in terms of social stereotypes). Whilst respondents' self constructions generally conformed to stereotypical conceptions of femininity a reluctance to construe the self entirely in these terms was evident. Age group comparisons revealed changes in perceptions relating to conceptions of behaviour and characteristics associated with the pursuit of science. Results are discussed in terms of two theoretical perspectives, the development pathways perspective and social categorisation theory and in terms of their implications for girls' educational choices.

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NAITANA, LUCA. "Nascent entrepreneurship and the role of gender". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/288452.

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In the last years, several authors have developed their research focusing on the topic of nascent entrepreneurship. From their analysis, a clear definition concerning nascent entrepreneurs has emerged. The authors define nascent entrepreneurs as individuals who are at the beginning of their activity and potential founders of a new venture ; nascent entrepreneurs are still in the process of organizing their businesses and activities but are not still involved in the full entrepreneurship cycle. Despite the consensus of “who the nascent entrepreneur is”, the multi-disciplinary approach used in the literature makes navigation difficult in the multitude of disciplines who embrace the topic. For this reason, in order to explore and acquire a prior understanding of the topic, the first paper of this research conducted an empirical study for exploring and systematizing the literature of nascent entrepreneurship. As a first step, this research utilized Co-citation approach to deeply discover the overview of the structure of the field. Furthermore, this method has shown the “invisible links” that connects the most important scholars of the subject and the conjunctions among their findings. The second and third papers have used the institutional theory for understanding the decisions of the nascent entrepreneurs according to their gender. In the studies, two specific external factors were identified that could affect nascent entrepreneurship decision according to their gender: culture and regulatory support of nascent women entrepreneurship. The two variables together take in consideration the three institutional pillars: regulatory (support of nascent women entrepreneurship), normative and cognitive (culture). The main goal of the second paper was to discover the effects of entrepreneurial culture and support of women entrepreneurship through women’s as well as men’s decisions and the correlation between the two factors. We have supposed that the higher the entrepreneurial culture is; the higher is the probability to be nascent entrepreneurs. In our opinion, entrepreneurial culture should affect both men and women. On the other hand, we have supposed that the specific factors of supporting women entrepreneurs should affect only women’s decisions. The paper helps to cover the gap in nascent entrepreneurship and gender literature. Specifically, the paper contributes to understand the different effects of institutions for men and women entrepreneurs. The third article deepens the research by considering one of the most important factors for entrepreneurs to launch and grow ventures: financing. Several researches have already shown discrepancy between men and women in financing their business. However, there is no research in the extant literature that reviewed how institutional factors affect the gender’s gap in financing. Thus, the third paper has covered this existing gap. We have supposed that the two institutional variables (culture and supporting women entrepreneurship) could reduce or boost the gender’s financing gap. The paper helps to highlight the differences between traditionalist and modern culture contributing towards the development of the literature of nascent entrepreneurship and institutional theory. Furthermore, the paper helps to develop knowledge about nascent entrepreneurship and gender analysing details that would be considered useful by both policy makers and scholars. Together, these three papers, represents an important contribution for nascent entrepreneurship research. The three papers contribute with different perspectives to discover some details of the role of gender in nascent entrepreneurship research. Furthermore, they provide a comprehensive and coherent understanding of institutional effects on nascent entrepreneurship and gender.

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Hicks, Karen (Karen Jo-Anne) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Communication, joint creativity and gender". Ottawa, 1992.

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Yiu, Shuk-hing. "Driving in Hong Kong a gender perspective /". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39848930.

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Williamson, Karla Jessen. "Inuit post-colonial gender relations in Greenland". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2006. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=167292.

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This dissertation explores Inuit gender relations in a post-colonial setting in Greenland. Explicitly avoiding Western theories as support, a pan-Inuit framework was constructed in order to more appropriately study gender equity among the kalaallit, the Greenland Inuit. This framework materialized the linkages of Inuit thinking to that of the West, making sense of the Inuit worldview, and arguably justifies the development of other analytical tools. Inuit terms and notions are used in teasing out the emic aspects that reveal the cultural foundations specific to the target group to enable more accurate perception. Concurrently, culturally appropriate protocols in soliciting partnership for research in the field were established to test feasibility that such a relationship could create new knowledge. The combination of the established research modes caused the emergence of a more culturally enriched social construction, which made it possible to go beyond the regular scholarly treatises and standards of analytical structure. The epistemological understanding allowed for more critical analyses of what is presently known of relations between Inuit men and women in the Arctic.

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40

Perry, Katherine Denise. "Gender on paper gender performances in American women's poetry 1650-present /". Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Spring%20Dissertations/PERRY_KATHERINE_13.pdf.

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Inaterama, Pamela. "AN EXPLORATION OF GENDER ROLE ATTITUDES AMONG AFRICAN STUDENTS AT OHIO UNIVERSITY". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1149614844.

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Legaspi, Melissa M. "Gender Role Identity and Audience Perceptions of Music Videos". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/communication_theses/9.

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The emergence in recent years of strong female musical artists asserting their sexuality as empowerment (Andsager & Roe, 2003; Gauntlett, 2002) has necessitated an evaluation of their depictions in music videos as perceived by contemporary target audiences. This study attempts to determine how viewers’ gender role identity, based upon gender schema theory (Bem, 1981; 1993) and measured through Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI), relate to perceptions of female pop and hip hop artists’ music videos. It was hypothesized that sex-typed respondents would perceive portrayals as traditional more than other groups, whereas cross-sex typed respondents would perceive empowerment more than others groups. A convenience sample of 177 female undergraduate students was used for this cross-sectional study. Results did not support the hypotheses. Though some of the traditional items were found significant, no other significant differences emerged. Overall, gender role identity was ultimately found to have little relationship to perceptions of music video portrayals.

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43

Black, Andria L. "Effects of gender and gender role on cardiovascular reactivity and anger experience during an interpersonal interaction". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1606.

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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 97 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-58).

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Ngai, Siu-keung George, i 倪紹強. "Gender and schooling: a study of gender role socialization in a primary school". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31958187.

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Duggan, Gareth. "Salary negotiation perceptions by gender and their role on the gender pay gap". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/59823.

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The choice to abstain from salary negotiations can have a profound compounding effect on the earnings of an employee over the timespan of their career. If gender is a distinguishing characteristic separating those employees who choose to negotiate from those who choose not to, then salary negotiation becomes a contributing factor to the gender wage gap. This study investigated perceived gender differences across three constructs, namely (i) negotiation empowerment (ii) pay secrecy, and (iii) the social cost of negotiation within the financial services industry in South Africa. The study made use of a seven-point Likert scale instrument to document perceptions of the respondents. The survey was distributed electronically, making use of a snowball sampling methodology. Contrary to the majority of existing cross-industry literature, the findings show no gendered results across the three constructs. However, the research did find that females do not negotiate salary as often as males, and that both males and females prefer negotiating with male managers. A negotiation gender bias was also found amongst the respondents. The study furthers existing research by demonstrating industry specific studies may not conform to the findings of cross-industry studies. It also provides relevant findings for organisations looking to eliminate gendered structures around pay determination.
Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
nk2017
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted

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46

Johnson, D. H. "Masculinities in rural Australia : gender, culture, and environment". Thesis, Richmond, N.S.W. : University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/21148.

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This research examines first the consequences of a learned, individualistic construction of masculinity as it exists within an aging population of farm men, and second the influence of this form of masculinity on possibilities for change in human relationships and industry practices. It is suggested that in a context of diminishing economic power and political influence, the prevailing model of masculinity has disabled the capacity of many farm men to manage change proactively. It is argued that evidence of a necessary change from instrumental, to-values and feelings-based engagement with human and natural systems has been slow to appear. A range of beliefs and attitudes are identified from the research data.Alternatives to traditional models of masculinity are examined. The research has been conducted using a Social Ecology approach, in which the personal autonomy arising from a coherent integration of values and beliefs informs our approach to all human and natural systems. Some possible consequences of such a change in personal orientation are explored, in relation to agricultural practices, community viability, and the fostering of social capital, and reference is made to alternative forms of community organisation.

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Olivier, Glenda J. "Personality disorders as gender roles". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/541.

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Marchese, Sara. "The relationship between gender roles and sexual satisfaction in heterosexual relationships /". Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56926.

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This study explores the interactive effects of stereotypical masculine and feminine personality traits and attitudes upon individual and dyadic sexual satisfaction. It was hypothesized that (a) sexual satisfaction would be positively related to masculinity and femininity, as defined by the presence of instrumental and expressive qualities, for both males and females, (b) sexual satisfaction would be positively related to androgyny for both males and females, and (c) couples consisting of two androgynous partners would be more sexually satisfied than couples where both partners were sex-typed (i.e., masculine male-feminine female), cross-typed (i.e., feminine male-masculine female) or undifferentiated. The sample consisted of heterosexual married and cohabiting couples (N = 93). Subjects completed the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSD; Crowne & Marlowe, 1960, cited in Robinson, Shaver & Wrightman, 1991), the Short Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI; Bem, 1981), the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS; Spanier, 1976, 1989) and the Pinney Sexual Satisfaction Inventory (PSSI; Pinney, Gerrard & Denney, 1987). The first hypothesis is rejected for both males and females, the second hypothesis is supported for males and rejected for females, and the third hypothesis is supported for couples. Instrumentality is negatively correlated with sexual satisfaction, particularly for women, while expressivity is positively correlated with sexual satisfaction for both men and women. Androgynous men and feminine women are more sexually satisfied than any other group; in both cases however, it is suggested that increments in expressivity account for increases in sexual satisfaction. Androgynous couples are more sexually satisfied than sex-typed, cross-typed, and undifferentiated couples; however, self-reported sexual satisfaction varies for individual partners. Implications for the existing androgyny model regarding sexual satisfaction are discussed.

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Poganski, David F. "Facing the challenge of gender reconciliation in the parish". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2000. http://www.tren.com.

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Juntti, Eira Hannele. "Gender and nationalism in Finland in the early nineteenth century". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2004.

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