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Mallon, Gerald P., i Jazmine Perez. "The experiences of transgender and gender expansive youth in Juvenile justice systems". Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 6, nr 3 (6.04.2020): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-01-2020-0017.
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Purpose Recent research finds that youth who identify as transgender or gender-expansive are disproportionately incarcerated in juvenile justice systems and are treated differently from their non-trans peers (Himmelstein and Brückner, 2011; Hunt and Moodie-Mills, 2012; Irvine, 2010; Mitchum and Moodie-Mills, 2014). Juvenile justice systems have paid little attention to this group of young people in terms of their unique service needs and risk factors. Using qualitative methods, the researchers analyze in-depth interviews and focus group findings from formerly incarcerated trans youth in juvenile justice settings to better understand their experiences. This paper aims to examine the challenges for young people, and, as well as considered recommendations for juvenile justice professionals to study toward making changes in policies, practices and programs that are needed to support young people who are transgender or gender expansive. Design/methodology/approach Using qualitative, case examples and descriptive analysis, this paper describes the experiences of trans youth in juvenile justice settings and studies toward developing models of promoting trans-affirming approaches to enhance juvenile justice institutions for trans and gender-expansive youth placed in them. The paper describes the evolution of an approach used by the authors, in New York state juvenile justice settings to increase a trans-affirming perspective as a central role in the organization’s strategy and design, and the methods it is using to institutionalize this critical change. Findings culled from the focus groups and in-depth interviews with 15 former residents of juvenile justice settings and several (3) key staff members from the juvenile justice system, focusing on policies, practices and training models are useful tools for assessing progress and recommending actions to increase the affirming nature of such systems. At its conclusion, this chapter will provide clear outcomes and implications for the development of policies, practices and programs with trans and gender expansive youth in juvenile justice systems. Findings Finding are conceptualized in six thematic categories, namely, privacy, access to health and mental health care, the difference between sexual orientation and gender identity, name and pronoun use, clothing, appearance and mannerism, and housing issues. Research limitations/implications This study is limited as it focuses on formerly incarcerated youth in the New York City area. Practical implications The following implications for practice stemming from this study are as follows: juvenile justice professionals (including judges, defense attorneys, prosecutors, probation officers and detention staff) must treat – and ensure others treat – all trans and gender-expansive youth with fairness, dignity and respect, including prohibiting any attempts to ridicule or change a youth’s gender identity or expression. Having written nondiscrimination and anti-harassment policy is also essential. These policies can address issues such as prohibiting harassment of youth or staff who are trans or gender expansive, requiring the use of respectful and inclusive language and determining how gender rules (e.g. usage of “male or “female” bathrooms, gender-based room assignments) will be addressed for transgender and gender-nonconforming youth. Programs should also provide clients and staff with training and helpful written materials. Juvenile justice professionals must promote the well-being of transgender youth by allowing them to express their gender identity through choice of clothing, name, hair-style and other means of expression and by ensuring that they have access to appropriate medical care if necessary. Juvenile justice professionals must receive training and resources regarding the unique societal, familial and developmental challenges confronting trans youth and the relevance of these issues to court proceedings. Training must be designed to address the specific professional responsibilities of the audience (i.e. judges, defense attorneys, prosecutors, probation officers and detention staff). Juvenile justice professionals must develop individualized, developmentally appropriate responses to the behavior of each trans youth, tailored to address the specific circumstances of his or her or their life. Social implications Providing trans-affirming services to youth in juvenile justice settings is a matter of equity and should be the goal strived for by all systems that care for these young people. Helping trans and gender-expansive youth reenter and reintegrate into society should be a primary goal. There are many organizations and systems that stand ready to assist juvenile justice systems and facilities in supporting trans and gender expansive youth in their custody and helping them to rehabilitate, heal and reenter a society that welcomes their participation and where they can thrive and not just survive. Originality/value The paper is original in that it examines the lived experiences of trans and gender-expansive youth in juvenile justice systems. An area, which has not been fully explored in the professional literature.
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Marques, Silvio Alencar, Lilian Kanawa Tangoda, Rosangela Maria Pires de Camargo, Hamilton Ometto Stolf i Mariangela Esther Alencar Marques. "Paracoccidioidomycosis of external genitalia: report of six new cases and review of the literature". Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 87, nr 2 (kwiecień 2012): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0365-05962012000200007.
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BACKGROUND: Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis of dermatological interest due to the frequency of cutaneous and mucosal lesions. The involvement of the external genitalia is extremely rare and few cases have been reported. OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of external genitalia lesions in paracoccidioidomycosis patients, identify clinical characteristics and compare with what is observed in the specific literature. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study, with focus on paracoccidioiodomycosis patients with external genitalia lesions. The demographic and clinical aspects of cases were compared with what has been reported so far on LILACS, SciELO e MEDLINE data bases. RESULTS: Data of 483 cases of paracoccidioidomycosis were studied in a 42-year period. Six (1.2%) patients showed specific lesions on external genitalia. Five patients were male with mean age of 47.2 years and all of them presented with the chronic multifocal clinical form. Only one, a 15-year-old female patient was observed who showed a subacute clinical form, juvenile type. CONCLUSION: Compromise of the genitourinary tract among paracoccidioidomycosis patients is rare and even rarer when only the external genitalia are considered. As observed in the classical picture of paracoccidioidomycosis patients, the male gender and the chronic multifocal clinical form prevailed in the present study.
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Swarup, I., J. Gruskay, M. Price, J. Yang, J. Blanco, S. Perlman i R. Widmann. "Propionibacterium acnesinfections in patients with idiopathic scoliosis: a case-control study and review of the literature". Journal of Children's Orthopaedics 12, nr 2 (kwiecień 2018): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1863-2548.12.170212.
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PurposeSurgical site infection (SSI) caused by Propionibacterium acnes is an infrequent but devastating complication after spinal fusion. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for SSI with Propionibacterium acnes after spinal fusion for juvenile and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (JIS and AIS).MethodsA case-control study was performed. Each case was matched 2:1 for age, gender and diagnosis. Retrospective chart review was performed to obtain relevant demographic, surgical and clinical data for all cases and controls. Statistical analysis included paired t-test and McNemar test, as well as exact logistic regression and robust regression models.ResultsThis study included ten infection cases (eight AIS, two JIS) and 20 controls (16 AIS, four JIS). In total, six infected cases presented within two weeks of the index procedure (acute infection) and four infected cases presented more than one year from the index procedure (delayed infection). The most common presentation for acute infections was wound drainage, while back pain was more common in delayed infections. All infections were successfully treated with surgical irrigation and debridement and postoperative antibiotics. Hardware was removed for patients with delayed infections. The strongest risk factor for infection was increased requirement for blood transfusion, but it did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionSSI with Propionibacterium acnes is an important complication after spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis. These infections can be successfully treated, but larger studies are needed to further identify risk factors and establish standardized guidelines for the treatment and prevention of this complication.Level of Evidence Level III
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Altobelli, Emma, Paolo Matteo Angeletti, Reimondo Petrocelli, Giuseppe Lapergola, Giovanni Farello, Giovanni Cannataro i Luciana Breda. "Serum Calprotectin a Potential Biomarker in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Meta-Analysis". Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, nr 21 (22.10.2021): 4861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10214861.
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Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common inflammatory chronic disease affecting children and adolescents. Today, there are no specific biomarkers of inflammation. Therefore, it is important to identify new markers as predictors of disease activity. Recently, some researchers have directed their interest toward a protein, calprotectin (CLP), as a potential biomarker. The primary objective of our systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the possible role of CLP in JIA. Method: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Science Direct on 10 August 2021. The selection of studies was made using the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Cohen’s d with 95% CI and p-value were used as a measure of effect size. The random effects model was used to account for different sources of variation among studies. Heterogeneity was assessed using Q statistics and I2. The publication bias was analyzed and represented by a funnel plot, and funnel plot symmetry was assessed with Egger’s test. Results: Our results at follow-up showed a statistically significant difference between patients with active disease compared to patients with inactive disease: 0.39 (0.16; 0.62), p = 0.001; without statistical heterogeneity. Another important aspect that emerged were the differences between the systemic disease form and any form of inactive disease showing a different concentration of calprotectin: 0.74 (0.40; 1.08), p < 0.001; without statistical heterogeneity. On the other hand, meta-regression analyses performed on gender, age, duration of disease, percentage of patients with ANA+ or RF+, medium value of ESR or CRP were not statistically significant. A statistically significant difference in serum calprotectin concentration between patients with JIA and healthy controls were observed. In fact, it presented lower values in the control group. Conclusions: The use of serum CLP could represent, in the future, a useful tool in JIA in order to stratify disease activity more accurately and may aid a more tailored approach to drug of choice in children with JIA. Further studies are needed to evaluate CLP as a predictor of flare in combination with other potential biomarkers of subclinical disease activity.
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Muthurajah, Darrshini S., James N. George, Sara K. Vesely i Deirdra R. Terrell. "Incidence, Age, and Gender of Children with Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) Associated with Severe, Acquired ADAMTS13 Deficiency." Blood 120, nr 21 (16.11.2012): 2196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.2196.2196.
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Abstract Abstract 2196 Introduction TTP associated with severe acquired ADAMTS13 deficiency has been rarely reported among children. Specific aims: [1] To identify all published reports of TTP associated with acquired ADAMTS13 deficiency in children <18 years old and document the age and gender distribution. [2] To document the incidence in the Oklahoma TTP-HUS Registry region of TTP associated with acquired ADAMTS13 deficiency (activity <10%) in children <18 years old. Methods Systematic literature review using MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases. Comprehensive search terms for TTP, HUS, and children were combined with the term, ADAMTS13. Bibliographies of selected articles were reviewed. Incidence was calculated using person-years of all children < 18 years old in the Registry region (58 counties) over the 16.5 year period (January 1, 1996 to June 30, 2012) using 2000 census data. Results The systematic literature search identified 22 publications reporting 53 children with acquired ADAMTS13 deficiency. Their age and gender are presented in the Figure. Two-thirds of children were ages 9–17 years. Among the 18 children ages 0–8 years, 8 (44%) were girls; among the 35 children ages 9–17 years, 24 (69%) were girls. The relative frequency of the older children was greater than younger children (p=0.02). Although there were more girls than boys reported, the difference was not significant (p=0.13). From January 1, 1995 to June 30, 2012, 72 patients with acquired ADAMTS13 deficiency were enrolled in the Oklahoma TTP-HUS Registry; one patient was less than 18 years old. The calculated incidence for the Oklahoma Registry region was 0.10/106 children/year. Conclusion The Oklahoma Registry experience documents for the first time the incidence of TTP associated with acquired ADAMTS13 deficiency in children: 0.10/106 children/year, 6% of our previously calculated incidence rate of 1.74/106/year for all patients with TTP and acquired ADAMTS13 deficiency (J Thromb Haemost 2005;3:1432). The age and gender distribution of children in published case reports suggests that TTP associated with acquired ADAMTS13 deficiency in children is not a distinct juvenile disorder, but more likely a continuum of the spectrum of TTP in adults (J Thromb Haemost 2005;3:1432). Disclosures: George: Alexion, Inc.: Consultancy; Baxter, Inc.: Consultancy; Amgen, Inc.: Consultancy, PI of clinical trial involving romiplostim, PI of clinical trial involving romiplostim Other, Research Funding. Terrell:Baxter, Inc.: Consultancy; Amgen, Inc.: Consultancy.
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Kolomiiets, Nataliia, Nadiia Senchenko, Olena Petryk, Ihor Ivankov, Olga ,. Ovsiannikova i Davit Geperidze. "International Legal Standards in Crime Prevention". WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 19 (16.02.2023): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232015.2023.19.10.
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A qualitatively new stage in the development of international and national criminal law was marked by the international standards created to combat crime and the treatment of offenders by the global community, which deepens their interaction and establishes conditions for crime prevention and the protection of human rights. The purpose of the academic paper is to identify the primary crime prevention standards, their initiators and disseminators, the principal standardization areas, and approaches to address the issue. The research aims to show modern international norms and standards based on investigating the UN declarations and other normative documents formed by international organizations considering their development prospects. The need for more scientific, legal literature on modern standardization in crime prevention determines the research relevance. Therefore, this research is based on the last three UN Congresses in world crime prevention. The results show systematized information and the standardization of crime prevention. The study reviews the primary standards in the criminal treatment and detainee juvenile offenders and methods of combating modern problems in the information space, human trafficking, and terrorism. Emphasis is also placed on gender policy, corruption, and other contemporary issues. The research shows that the UN holds the Congresses according to the social development and crimes variety once in five years. The relevant problems of the modern world are computer technology crimes, crime in COVID-19, and corruption.
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Williams, Michael. "Cultural identity, language identity, gender identity". English Academy Review 28, nr 1 (maj 2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10131752.2011.573998.
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Sokolova, Elena V., i Elena I. Nikolaeva. "Adolescent gender identity: A literature review". Comprehensive Child Studies 6, nr 1 (2024): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33910/2687-0223-2024-6-1-48-55.
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Corlett, Sandra, i Sharon Mavin. "Intersectionality, identity and identity work". Gender in Management: An International Journal 29, nr 5 (1.07.2014): 258–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-12-2013-0138.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Special Issue developed from a joint research seminar of the Gender in Management and Identity Special Interest Groups of the British Academy of Management, entitled “Exploring the Intersectionality of Gender and Identity”. It also presents an introductory literature review of intersectionality for gender in management and identity/identity work researchers. The authors highlight the similarities and differences of intersectionality and identity approaches and introduce critiques of intersectional research. They then introduce the three papers in this Special Issue. Design/methodology/approach – The authors review the intersectionality literature within and outside management and organisation studies and focus their attention on three intersectionality Special Issues (Sex Roles, 2008, 2013 and the European Journal of Women’s Studies, 2006). Findings – The authors outline the ongoing debates relating to intersectionality research, including a framework and/or theory for identity/identity work, and explore the shared tenets of theories of intersectionality and identity. They highlight critiques of intersectionality research in practice and consider areas for future research for gender in management and identity researchers. Research limitations/implications – The authors provide an architecture for researchers to explore intersectionality and to consider issues before embarking on intersectional research. They also highlight areas for future research, including social-identities of disability, class and religion. Originality/value – Gender in Management: An International Journal invited this Special Issue to make a significant contribution to an under-researched area by reviewing the shared and different languages and importantly the shared key tenets, of intersectionality, gender, identity and identity work from a multidisciplinary perspective.
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Perry, David G., Rachel E. Pauletti i Patrick J. Cooper. "Gender identity in childhood: A review of the literature". International Journal of Behavioral Development 43, nr 4 (2.04.2019): 289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025418811129.
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We review theory and research on the assessment, development, and consequences of individual differences in gender identity, as studied among ordinary school children. Gender identity encompasses children’s appraisals of compatibility with, and motivation to fit in with, gender collectives; it is a multidimensional construct. Five dimensions of gender identity are considered in depth: felt same-gender typicality, felt other-gender typicality, gender contentedness, felt pressure for gender conformity, and intergroup bias. A host of cognitive, affective, social, and defensive processes contribute to these forms of gender identity, all of which in turn affect children’s psychosocial adjustment. Felt same-gender typicality promotes self-esteem and protects children from harmful effects of stressors, but it is associated with negative attitudes toward other-gender peers and activities unless children feel at least somewhat similar to the other gender as well. Felt other-gender typicality distresses children who do not also feel same-gender–typical. The other three gender identity variables encourage self-serving behavior (e.g., dominance) if children view it as appropriate for their gender. Children who feel gender-atypical or discontent with their gender suffer considerable distress if they feel pressure for gender conformity. Gender contentedness may be a particularly powerful contributor to children’s adoption of gender-typed behavior.
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Gordic-Petkovic, Vladislava. "Gender roles and gender stereotypes in teaching literature". Temida 15, nr 3 (2012): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1203115g.
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Gender, identity and sexuality have to be more closely integrated into the broader discussion of literature and language, which can be achieved only through wider application of literary texts in the teaching process. Teaching literature to students of English serves not only the purpose of building an understanding of the human experience, but also tackles the issues of femininity and masculinity and helps sensitize the students to the gender differences and the codes of patriarchal society which result in male dominance. Poems by Emily Dickinson, Sylvia Plath and Anne Sexton have proved as valuable texts in teaching gender, as will be discussed in the paper, which focuses on Plath?s ?Lady Lazarus? and the strategies the educator can select in order to achieve the desired objective.
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Cloete, Elsie. "Afrikaner Identity: Culture, Tradition and Gender". Agenda, nr 13 (1992): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4065612.
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Silvera, Ginger. "Representative Bureaucracy and Youth Violence in Juvenile Detention Facilities". Public Administration Research 4, nr 2 (28.10.2015): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/par.v4n2p63.
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This exploratory study uses the representative bureaucracy theory to consider the racial representative role, which suggests that administrators who are minorities are more inclined to represent minority interests. This research examined if racial identity and gender was related to detention officers’ perceptions of themselves as advocates for same race and same gender to incarcerated youth and to understand what they perceive are the causes for youth violence. A qualitative study was done on individuals who worked with inmates at the Los Angeles County juvenile detention facilities. The grounded theory approach was used for data analysis by observing common responses among participants. The results of this analysis indicate that detention officers are more likely to pursue the advocate role, especially when officers share the same race and gender to minors.
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Tokareva, N. "The multimodality of the adolescents' personological profile in the context of the gender-role identity". Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools 36, nr 6 (30.12.2019): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33531/farplss.2019.6.2.
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The article deals with the analysis of the issue of the variability of the juveniles' personal development under the conditions of the modern socio-cultural space. It has been identified that the personological constructs of the transition-to-adulthood entities explicate the mental matrices of an individual's socialization in accordance with the cultural dimensions of the society. It has been found that the gender-role identity is a necessary indicator of the egalitarian consciousness of a transition-to-adulthood entity. The author regards the phenomenology of the gender-role identity as an integrative personological construct that determines a person's awareness of his/her belonging to a gender and the formatting of his/her life experience relative to his/herself. The sociocultural conditionality of the gender-role differences in the juveniles' behavior has been substantiated. The gender-role standards are defined in the article as typical patterns (models) of emotionally colored perceptions regarding feminine and masculine scenarios of behavior and personality traits. Based on the analysis of the empirical material, the article outlines the tendencies of the manifestation of the multimodality of gender-role concepts of resilience and the locus of control of a juvenile individual. The distinctive features of the development of the personal constructs of juveniles of different genders as a dimension of the integrative individual profile of a person during his/her transition to adulthood have been ascertained. Generalized statistically average results of the empirical measurement of the juvenile students' personal constructs are presented. It has been statistically corroborated that the constructs being researched of the subjective profile of an individual are formatted at the juvenile age, which exactly should be the object of corrective and preventive interventions in the dynamic context of the psychological support for the transition to adulthood. The results obtained substantially complement the materials presented by the scientific community regarding the trends in the conceptualization of indicators for the transition to adulthood of the present-day young people.
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Aghabayli, Vusala. "PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER INDENTITY IN MODERN BRITISH AND AZERBAIJANI LITERATURE". Baltic Journal of Legal and Social Sciences, nr 1 (18.04.2024): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2592-8813-2024-1-28.
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Abstract. This research article explores the evolving portrayals of gender identity in 21st-century British and Azerbaijani literature, shedding light on the diverse perspectives and narratives that reflect the changing sociocultural landscapes of these two distinct regions. Through an analysis of selected literary works, the study aims to examine how authors like Ali Smith's, Jeanette Winterson's, Zadie Smith, Alan Hollinghurst, etc. from UK and Jafar Jabbarli, Yusif Vazir Chamanzaminli, Afag Masud, etc. from Azerbaijan engage with and represent gender identity, challenging traditional norms and contributing to the ongoing discourse on gender equality and diversity. British literature explores diverse gender expressions, delving into fluid identities and the intersectionality of gender with other facets of diversity. Simultaneously, Azerbaijani literature grapples with the complexities of modernity, offering insights into how societal shifts impact perceptions of gender roles and individual identity.
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Brandth, Berit. "Gender Identity in European Family Farming: A Literature Review". Sociologia Ruralis 42, nr 3 (lipiec 2002): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9523.00210.
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Irvine-Baker, Angela, Nikki Jones i Aisha Canfield. "Taking the “Girl” Out of Gender-Responsive Programming in the Juvenile Justice System". Annual Review of Criminology 2, nr 1 (13.01.2019): 321–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-criminol-032317-091922.
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Since the early 2000s, state and local policy makers, practitioners, and advocates accelerated existing federal efforts to reform the youth justice system and dramatically reduce the number of youth detained in the juvenile justice system. States across the country achieved these drops through policy changes that created fiscal disincentives and legal roadblocks to state custody. Yet recent research shows that youth of color and LGBQ-GNCT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, questioning, gender-nonconforming, and transgender) youth continue to be overrepresented in many juvenile justice systems throughout the country. In this review, we interrogate these disparities more deeply in an effort to ( a) advocate for continued and increased efforts to reduce racial disparities in the juvenile justice system; ( b) break the silence around the experiences of LGBQ-GNCT youth in the system, which are overwhelmingly youth of color; and ( c) encourage a deeper appreciation of sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender expression and how they intersect with race when it comes to serving youth in the justice system.
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Rajan, Rajeswari Sunder. "Ameena: Gender, Crisis and National Identity". Oxford Literary Review 16, nr 1 (lipiec 1994): 147–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/olr.1994.006.
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de Leo, Daniela, i Gabriella Armenise. "Children’s literature in Latin America: Gender identity in the education." Revista Internacional de Culturas y Literaturas, nr 25 (2022): 108–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/ricl2022.i25.08.
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This essay explores the notion of gender identity as a dynamic process, modelled by socio-cultural relationships, in the context of education in Latin America. The historical construction of schooling in recent decades is discussed through some documents of UNESCO. As an example of gender inequality within educational proposals, some texts from children’s literature will be analysed to highlight the gender stereotypes that still exist in the editorial industry today.
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Shelton, Marie-Denise. "Condé: The Politics of Gender and Identity". World Literature Today 67, nr 4 (1993): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40149569.
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Dong, Zhiyi. "Stereotypes and Neglect That Exist in Contexts and Juvenile Justice System". Communications in Humanities Research 28, nr 1 (19.04.2024): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/28/20230139.
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During the past decade, as the crimes committed by girl offenders have become increasingly severe and violent, attention has been drawn to this field. Many studies have indicated that the gender gap is closing given girl delinquency being more severe. This work traces historical issues about girl delinquency in previous literature and compares recent data released by juvenile justice system, finding that girl delinquents are encountering dilemmas within and beyond juvenile justice system. To unveil their plights, this work refines factors leading to their crimes and manifests the deficiency in juvenile justice system. The first part releases updated data and tendency to present the fact that female delinquency is becoming increasingly severe. The second part concludes and analyzes the gender specific pathways leading to their crimes. The third part explores why the present gender-neutral juvenile justice system is deficient and why girls are facing dilemmas in such systems.
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Cerezo, Alison, Mariah Cummings, Meredith Holmes i Chelsey Williams. "Identity as Resistance: Identity Formation at the Intersection of Race, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation". Psychology of Women Quarterly 44, nr 1 (30.09.2019): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361684319875977.
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Although the concept of intersectionality has gained widespread attention in psychological research, there remains a significant gap related to the impact of intersectionality on identity formation for persons negotiating multiple minority statuses. This gap is especially pronounced among sexual and gender expansive women of Latinx and African American descent—two groups that face disparate personal and public health risks but are largely ignored in the research literature. In response to this gap, we carried out a qualitative study using constructivist grounded theory with 20 Latinx and African American sexual minority, gender expansive women to understand participants’ experiences of forming an intersectional social identity. Following an exploration of identity formation related to the specific domains of race, gender identity, and sexual orientation, we prompted participants to consider how each of the specified identity domains impacted the formation and experience of an overall intersectional identity (e.g., how racial position impacted gender identity and/or sexual identity formation). Findings revealed four major themes that were critical in identity formation: (a) family and cultural expectations, (b) freedom to explore identity, (c) the constant negotiation of insider/outsider status, and (d) identity integration as an act of resistance. Implications for future research and psychological services are discussed.
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Manners, Paula Jean. "Gender Identity Disorder in Adolescence: A Review of the Literature". Child and Adolescent Mental Health 14, nr 2 (maj 2009): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3588.2008.00498.x.
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Vencovský, J., K. Pisarczyk, R. Leff, E. Park, K. Palaniswamy i L. Long. "AB1277 POOR LONG-TERM OUTCOMES AND SUBSTANTIAL BURDEN OF COMORBIDITIES IN EUROPEAN PATIENTS WITH DERMATOMYOSITIS/POLYMYOSITIS: RESULTS FROM A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (23.05.2022): 1746.2–1746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.756.
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BackgroundDermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM) are rare heterogenous systemic autoimmune disorders of the skin, muscles and other organs that may have a devastating impact on patients’ lives. Despite various therapies used in clinical practice, a notable proportion of patients seem not to achieve sustainable remission. There is a need to better understand long-term outcomes and comorbidities in patients with DM/PM in Europe.ObjectivesTo systematically review and summarize evidence on clinical burden of disease in patients with DM/PM in Europe.MethodsA systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted in MEDLINE and Embase databases to identify studies in children and adults with DM/PM, published in the English language between 2011 and 2021. Primary studies enrolling 10 or more patients were included, irrespective of country or region. Each eligible article was independently reviewed by two reviewers. The title and study abstracts were reviewed to assess eligibility for full-text review. The current abstract summarizes SLR results on the long-term outcomes and comorbidities in patients with DM/PM in Europe.ResultsA total of 2,967 non-duplicated publications were retrieved from medical databases and analyzed against pre-defined study selection criteria. There were 2,574 records excluded at title and abstract screening. Remaining 393 records were analyzed in the full text with 208 papers considered relevant. Additional 21 papers were identified from searching reference list of relevant studies and conference proceedings. In total, 222 studies (229 publications) were included in data abstraction. Among 43 studies conducted across 14 European countries, 23 studies evaluated long-term outcomes of disease and burden of comorbidities. There were 14 longitudinal cohort studies, 7 cross-sectional analyses and 2 case-control studies. Only 29-44% of DM/PM adults achieved remission. Between 38% and 62% of adults with DM/PM required at least 3 different medications, suggesting inadequate response to initial and subsequent regimens. During a mean follow-up of 13.9 years, 69% patients with JDM had polycyclic or chronic disease characterized by periods of remission and recurrence or by permanently active disease for more than 2 years after diagnosis. A notable proportion of children (60.4%) showed evidence of damage in at least one body organ and 13-20% of patients had complications such as calcinosis, lipodystrophy, or muscle atrophy. Adults with DM/PM often suffered from interstitial lung disease (16-66%), serious infections leading to hospitalization or death (21-26.7%), and cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) (19-71%). Compared to age and gender matched controls without DM, patients with DM had 16-times higher risk of venous thromboembolism (HR=16.44, 95% CI: 7.54-35.86). Incidence of coronary heart disease, hemorrhagic stroke, or ischemic stroke during 10-year follow-up was approximately 1.5- to 2-times higher in DM/PM adults relative to general population. Multiple studies reported high rates of any malignancy in DM adults (7.5-33%) and in PM adults (8-11.7%). During approximately 24,000 patient-years of follow-up, adults with DM/PM had more than 4-times higher incidence of lung cancer compared to general population that also was one of the highest incidences among multiple other autoimmune diseases. Long-term prognosis in DM/PM was poor with 20-year survival below 70%. The most common causes of deaths were pulmonary-related, malignancies, and cardiac complications. Mortality due to lung cancer was more than 4-times higher than in general population (standardized mortality ratio=4.17, 95% CI: 3.03-5.60).ConclusionEuropean patients with DM/PM suffer from substantial burden of comorbidities including serious infections, malignancies and CVDs that lead to poor long-term outcomes. A notable proportion of adult and juvenile patients do not achieve sustainable remission or experience relapse indicating high unmet need.Disclosure of InterestsJiří Vencovský Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Biogen, Boehringer, Eli Lilly, Gilead, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, UCB, Werfen, Consultant of: Abbvie, Argenx, Boehringer, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Octapharma, Pfizer, UCB, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Konrad Pisarczyk Consultant of: Kezar Life Sciences, Richard Leff Shareholder of: Kezar Life Sciences, Consultant of: Kezar Life Sciences, Eunmi Park Shareholder of: Kezar Life Sciences, Employee of: Kezar Life Sciences, Kiruthi Palaniswamy Shareholder of: Kezar Life Sciences, Employee of: Kezar Life Sciences, Li Long Shareholder of: Kezar Life Sciences, Employee of: Kezar Life Sciences.
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Planka, Sabine. "Ecomasculinities: Negotiating male gender identity in U.S. fiction". Green Letters 23, nr 4 (2.10.2019): 431–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14688417.2019.1694748.
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Adeel Niaz, Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad Ilyas, Ghulam Dastgir Khan, Riaz Ahmed Shahid i Muhammad Tariq. "JUVENILE NASOPHARYNGEALANGIOFIBROMA: OUR EXPERIENCE AND LITERATURE REVIEW". Pakistan Postgraduate Medical Journal 32, nr 01 (18.11.2021): 03–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.51642/ppmj.v32i01.406.
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ABSTRACT
Introduction: Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a benign vasculartumor.It is commonly found in teen age males. Its site of origin is sphenopalatine foramen. Exact pathogenesis of angiofibroma is not known. It has predictable natural history and growth pattern. This tumor most often involves nasopharynx, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa. It can also involve orbit and can spread intracranially. Its very important to diagnose this tumor very early on the basis of clinical examination and imaging. As early tumor confined to nose and sinuses can be removed exclusively with endoscope. It is very helpful to do angiography before surgery to ascertain itsblood supply and then embolization can be done to reduce intraoperative bleeding. Objective: To describe our experience of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma cases in ENT Unit-I of Lahore General Hospital. Study Design: Descriptive Study with retrospective analysis after approval from Institutional Review Board (IRB) of LGH/PGMI/AMC Lahore. Methods: We studied 20 patients who underwent surgery in our department from October 2019 to October 2020. We analyzed following factors: age, gender, symptoms, staging, mode of surgery and need for intraoperative blood transfusion, hospital stay, complications and recurrences. Results: Range of patient’s age was 12 to 25 years. Eight patients underwent surgery with endoscope. Mean blood loss was about 400 ml and mean operating time was 140 minutes. All the cases were embolized preoperatively. Conclusion: Endoscopic surgery is a safe and effective method in early stage JNA patients. While patients with advance stage tumors should be managed with combined endoscopic and conventional open approaches.
KEYWORDS: juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, JNA, endoscopic surgery
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Kennedy, Alexis R., Sebawit G. Bishu i Nuri Heckler. "Feminism, Masculinity, and Active Representation: A Gender Analysis of Representative Bureaucracy". Administration & Society 52, nr 7 (24.11.2019): 1101–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399719888470.
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Representative bureaucracy examines how identity impacts bureaucratic decision-making. Under certain circumstances, identity congruence between government officials and citizens will result in positive outcomes. This article explores how representative bureaucracy literature studies the effects of gender identity and matching. Although studies demonstrate that context and organizational environment impact identity, scholars don’t systematically analyze how outcomes are affected by gender, rely predominantly on binary gender variables, seldom acknowledge organizations as masculine spaces, and don’t problematize masculinity. Using critical gender theory, we offer new proposals for how to expand our understanding of institutionalized gender norms as they relate to public sector decisions.
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Ali Dinar, Abeer. "Liminial Identities in Charles Dicken’s Great Expectations". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES 13, nr 03 (2023): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37648/ijrssh.v13i03.005.
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The diversity of gender and the struggle of identity are considered as two of the main themes in literature equally in the classics and modernist, from the gender perspective; the male identity was reflected as supreme to the female as they were being projected in an inferior position. Yet in the post-modern literature different spaces have being emerging to create a plot where gender and identity weren’t limited to the traditional space but either liminal in one stage or rather liberal from all limitation; both of these possibilities are to be considered in this study
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Kassabolat, Aigul, Zhazira Agabekova, Kamariyash Kalkeyeva i Roza Kalimzhanova. "THE PROBLEM OF GENDER IDENTITY AND EQUALITYIN PEDAGOGICAL THEORY AND PRACTICE". 3i intellect idea innovation - интеллект идея инновация 1 (2024): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52269/2266070_2024_1_68.
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The article examines the gender issue in education. The authors point out the need for scientific actualization of the problem of identity and equality based on the review of specialized literature. The advancement of gender identity and gender equality stands as a key direction within the Kazakhstan educational system. Of particular relevance to our study is the refinement of the epistemological underpinnings of gender equality and gender identity development. The purpose of the article is to determine why education is important for achieving gender equality, to identify measures to be taken in terms of promoting education within the realm of gender equality. The article presents an analysis of international regulatory documents, gender equality materials, and insights gathered from various countries worldwide, aiming to understand how some nations implement gender policies. The article's practical significance lies in its examination of global literature on gender equality, accompanied by a relevant research diagram. Survey data from L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University students are presented to gauge their views on gender equality in education. The central concept of the study posits that gender identification and equality are catalysts for social progress. The authors highlight the unique aspects of this issue development in Kazakhstan.
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Cooke, Jeandré, i PREVAN MOODLEY. "Indicators for continuance of childhood gender dysphoria into adulthood: A critical interpretive synthesis of literature (2000–2020)". International Health Trends and Perspectives 3, nr 1 (31.03.2023): 44–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32920/ihtp.v3i1.1690.
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Introduction: Health professionals are unable to predict whether gender nonconforming distress or manifestations will continue after puberty. They also hold varied ideologies about gender. Information about these indicators lacks integration to benefit decision-making about how to intervene in childhood gender dysphoria. Aims: The aim of this review was to synthesize the literature on early indicators that anticipate the continuity of childhood gender dysphoria following puberty. A secondary aim, because of the ideological debates that underpin clinical decisions in transgender health care, was to critically interpret that literature. Methods: A critical interpretive synthesis was selected to integrate and offer a critical appraisal of literature (n=20). Results: A synthesizing argument was developed from four constructs: the intensity of gender dysphoric feelings, the child’s assertion of their gender identity, the stability of gender identity, and gender is a composite of multiple selves. Conclusions: The framing of experts’ arguments fed into presumed stability of gender identity. No single homogenous indicator can be postulated, but a compartmentalizing process is needed to understand the experiential world of a child’s gender nonconformity so that one concept (dysphoria about gender identity) can be teased apart from other investments of gender, body, and sexuality. Our constructs of the intensity of feelings and gender as a composite of multiple selves were found to challenge DSM-5 criteria. Understanding that multiple transitions may occur can help a child locate a gendered positioning in which they are comfortable. This could enable health practitioners offer affirmative care while remaining cautious about using medical treatments that cannot be reversed. The search for indicators itself, however, can be considered a historical moment, given the developments in the field in the 2 years after this review was conducted.
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Van Borm, Hannah, Marlot Dhoop, Allien Van Acker i Stijn Baert. "What does someone's gender identity signal to employers?" International Journal of Manpower 41, nr 6 (20.03.2020): 753–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-03-2019-0164.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the mechanisms underlying hiring discrimination against transgender men.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conduct a scenario experiment with final-year business students in which fictitious hiring decisions are made about transgender or cisgender male job candidates. More importantly, these candidates are scored on statements related to theoretical reasons for hiring discrimination given in the literature. The resulting data are analysed using a bivariate analysis. Additionally, a multiple mediation model is run.FindingsSuggestive evidence is found for co-worker and customer taste-based discrimination, but not for employer taste-based discrimination. In addition, results show that transgender men are perceived as being in worse health, being more autonomous and assertive, and have a lower probability to go on parental leave, compared with cisgender men, revealing evidence for (positive and negative) statistical discrimination.Social implicationsTargeted policy measures are needed given the substantial labour market discrimination against transgender individuals measured in former studies. However, to combat this discrimination effectively, one needs to understand its underlying mechanisms. This study provides the first comprehensive exploration of these mechanisms.Originality/valueThis study innovates in being one of the first to explore the relative empirical importance of dominant (theoretical) explanations for hiring discrimination against transgender men. Thereby, the authors take the logical next step in the literature on labour market discrimination against transgender individuals.
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Waddell, Margot. "Gender identity: Fifty years on from Freud". Women: A Cultural Review 1, nr 2 (listopad 1990): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09574049008578035.
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Moradi, Ahmadreza, Rowayda M. Amin i Jennifer E. Thorne. "The Role of Gender in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Associated Uveitis". Journal of Ophthalmology 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/461078.
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Uveitis is a common complication of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) affecting up to 30% of patients with JIA. Although the typical bilateral chronic anterior uveitis associated with the persistent and extended oligoarticular and polyarticular, rheumatoid factor negative variants of JIA occurs predominantly in girls, boys may be more commonly affected in the HLA-B27 positive, enthesitis variant of JIA. While female gender has been associated with the development of the chronic anterior uveitis in children with JIA, the clinical course of JIA-associated uveitis may be worse in boys than in girls. The purpose of this paper is to review the available published literature to determine the role of gender in the clinical presentation and outcomes of patients with JIA-associated uveitis.
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Cai, Valerie, i Tet Yap. "Gender Identity and Questioning in Klinefelter's Syndrome". BJPsych Open 8, S1 (czerwiec 2022): S44—S45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2022.176.
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AimsKS is a congenital condition with 47, XXY chromosome karyotype. Due to a lack of understanding of the condition amongst healthcare providers, KS is grossly underdiagnosed, with most patients never receiving a diagnosis. Within this population, gender dysphoria is suggested to be of higher incidence than in the general population. To establish the validity of this claim and to improve care for patients with KS, particularly in the area of gender service provision, we need to identify whether there is a significant proportion of XXY individuals that experience gender dysphoria. The aim of our study is to determine whether UK patients with a diagnosis of KS are more predisposed to gender dissatisfaction.MethodsA PRISMA literature review was conducted on the epidemiology, management, and treatment outcomes of KS patients with gender dysphoria. Based on the results of the literature review, we then conducted a cross-sectional survey of patients serviced by the Klinefelter Syndrome Association on gender satisfaction. The survey recorded 81 responses.ResultsOf the entire study population, gender distribution was 65% male, 6% female, 4% non-binary, 2% gender fluid, 3% neither, 1% equally male and female, and 1% intersex. This contrasted with most patients’ assigned birth on their birth certificate, which was 92.5% male and 3.75% female. Most patients surveyed enjoyed living as the sex written on their birth certificate (61.64%), which seemed to correlate closely with the proportion of patients that identified as male (65%).ConclusionLiterature Review: As a whole, KS patients documented in research presented to psychiatric and sexual health services during adulthood, requesting either sex reassignment surgery or changes to hormonal replacement therapy. The sparse amount of research over a long period of time has created a reliance on outdated research techniques. Patient Survey: Survey results show that there are a significant proportion of survey respondents that do not identify as male despite it being written on their birth certificate; however, the majority prefer to be identified as male. This suggests that certain individuals with KS are at higher risk of gender dissatisfaction and dysphoria. Importantly, these observations are not substantiated with clinical judgement of a psychiatrist/mental health worker, which should aim to be incorporated in future research. Additionally, longitudinal studies should aim to establish whether certain age groups would be more at risk of gender dissatisfaction and gender dysphoria or if trends change with age.
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Pusceddu, R., C. Bandecchi, F. Pinna, S. Pintore, E. Corda, V. Deiana, A. Oppo, S. Mariotti, A. Argiolas i B. Carpiniello. "Clinical characteristics of gender identity disorder". European Psychiatry 33, S1 (marzec 2016): S589—S590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2193.
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Traditionally, gender identity disorder (GID) is associated with high level of psychiatric comorbidity, particularly psychotic and affective disorders. The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical aspect of GID in a sample of patients in charge of the Operative Unit for Diagnosis and Therapy of GID, Psychiatric Clinic and the Department of Endocrinology, University of Cagliari.Assessment was made by SCID-I, for Axis I comorbidity, GAF, for global functioning, BUT for body discomfort (BUT-A measures different aspects of body image, BUT-B looks at worries about particular body parts).The sample comprised 14 MtF (56%) and 11 FtM (44%), of age between 17–49 years; a diagnosed psychiatric disorder was reported in 32%: 16% mood disorders, 12% anxiety disorders, 4% psychotic disorders. Among subject with GAF < 85, 58.3% were identify to have a Axis I disorder compare to 7,7% patients with GAF ≥ 85 (P = .011), especially for mood disorders (P = .039). Main score of Global Severity Index (GSI) for BUT-A was 2.45 ± 883; all subjects had a score GSI > 1.2 (clinically relevant discomfort index).Regarding BUT-B, MtF have higher scores in PSDI global scale (3.37 ± .577; P = 0.019) and subscale VI (4.38 ± 1.496 vs. .81 ± 1.864; P = 0.006): there are not significant gender differences in the others subscales, although discomfort regards different aspects of both sexes.According to literature, we observed a slightly higher prevalence of Axis I psychiatric disorders compare to general population, with functioning level statistically significant.Generally, GID was not associated with higher level of psychopathology, appearing as specific diagnostic aspect, where the main origin of discomfort is dissatisfaction toward self-body imagine.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Stoll, Matthew L., i Peter A. Nigrovic. "Subpopulations Within Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis: A Review of the Literature". Clinical and Developmental Immunology 13, nr 2-4 (2006): 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17402520600877802.
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The presentation of juvenile psoriatic arthritis (JPsA) has long been recognized to be clinically heterogeneous. As the definition of JPsA expanded to accommodate atypical manifestations of psoriasis in young children, studies began to reflect an increasingly clear biphasic distribution of age of onset, with peaks in the first few years of life and again in early adolescence. These two subpopulations differ in gender ratio, pattern of joint involvement, laboratory findings and potentially response to therapy. Intriguingly, a similar distribution of age of onset has been observed in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), and correlates with patterns of HLA association. While a secure classification of subpopulations within JPsA awaits improved pathophysiologic understanding, future research must consider the possibility that different disease mechanisms may be operative in distinct subsets of patients with this disorder.
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Conley, Katharine, i Naomi Sawelson-Gorse. "Women in Dada: Essays on Sex, Gender, and Identity". SubStance 28, nr 3 (1999): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3685442.
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Daphne, Jeremy. "A New Masculine Identity: Gender Awareness Raising for Men". Agenda, nr 37 (1998): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4066168.
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Zeitz, Lisa M., i Peter Thoms. "Power, Gender, and Identity in Aphra Behn's "The Disappointment"". Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900 37, nr 3 (1997): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/451046.
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Al-Khulaif, Afra, i Dorien Van De Mieroop. "Beyond dichotomies". Gender and Language 16, nr 2 (21.07.2022): 149–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/genl.19290.
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Most research on gender in the Middle Eastern workplace treats gender identities in relation to the polarity of ‘tradition’ and ‘modernity’. Although some of these studies take a critical perspective, they largely ignore the importance of language, and therefore empirical work on this topic from a social constructionist perspective is largely lacking. This article presents the narratives related by a female Qatari professional during a research interview and the discursive positions she takes up vis-à-vis these ‘tradition-or-modernity’- oriented dominant discourses of gender-based difference. A qualitative, micro-oriented discourse analytical method highlights how ‘gender identity’ is made relevant in the negotiation of ‘professional identity’ and how culturally-governed expectations about femininity and professionalism surface – and are interactionally dealt with. The interviewee constructs a highly ephemeral identity at the intersection of gender and professional identity, presenting a much less polarised view on gender identity. This challenges essentialist notions of the gender-related tradition-modernity dichotomy found in the literature.
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Moe, Jeff, Dilani M. Perera i Danielle Rodgers. "Promoting Wellness at the Intersections of Gender, Race and Ethnicity, and Sexual–Affectional Orientation Identities". Journal of Mental Health Counseling 45, nr 3 (1.07.2023): 231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.45.3.04.
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Gender identity intersects with racial and ethnic identities, sexual–affectional identities, and other salient aspects of personal identity to create distinct experiences of health and well-being. Gender identity minorities experience minority stress across the life span that results in persistent health and wellness disparities exacerbated by hostile social and political environments. Strategies for achieving wellness are impacted by intersecting minority stress factors, often resulting in diminished likelihood of multiple-minority populations receiving wellness-based health promotion and intervention. This article presents an overview of wellness informed by intersectional gender, racial and ethnic, and sexual–affectional identity considerations based on critical synthesis of the literature. A case scenario is presented to demonstrate how to conduct wellness-oriented assessment and treatment through an intersectional gender identity lens.
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Yu, Lu, i Hong Ren. "An identity conflict perspective on female expatriate work adjustment". Journal of Global Mobility 9, nr 3 (20.05.2021): 408–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgm-08-2020-0056.
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PurposeThis study aims to develop a model for female expatriate work adjustment from the identity conflict perspective.Design/methodology/approachThis is a theoretical paper that focuses on integrating the existing literature and proposing new constructive relationships.FindingsWe study female expatriates' adjustment processes in the work domain from the identity conflict perspective. Specifically, we categorize female expatriates' identities in the work domain into their gender identity and a work-related role identity cluster and propose that when gender identity is salient, unsupportive national and organizational cultures will lead to gender–work role identity conflicts and eventually result in maladjustment in the work domain.Originality/valueFirst, we suggest that female expatriates' work role identities can form a cluster that includes expatriate role, managerial role and occupational role identity. We further theorize how the gender role identity and the work-related role identity cluster of female expatriates interact to influence how they adjust to their work. Second, we explore two contingency factors – host organizational culture and host national culture–and explain how they influence the interaction between female expatriates' gender identity and work-related role identities. Finally, we introduce the concept of gender–work role identity conflict and theorize how it serves as the underlying mechanism linking female expatriate identity patterns and work adjustment.
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Noor ul Ain Gillani, Ayesha Habib Khan i Urooj Azmat. "The Co-ed Conundrum: Unraveling Gender Identities in Private Schools of Muzaffarabad". Journal of Peace, Development & Communication 08, nr 02 (2.05.2024): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36968/jpdc-v08-i02-01.
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This article explores the dynamics of gender identity construction in educational settings, specifically focusing on private schools in Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. It provides a comprehensive analysis of how gender identity constructions are shaped within the school environment, considering the social, political, and economic contexts that influence these processes. Through qualitative analysis and data collected from teachers and students, the study examines how classroom dynamics, extra-curricular activities and teaching approaches contribute to the shaping of gender identities. Findings show different perspectives among teachers and students where some teachers support gender-neutral approaches others accentuate traditional gender roles, relating education to societal needs and responsibilities. Student responses reflect variety of experiences, from challenging gender stereotypes to negotiating the already build identities by navigating societal expectations. Hence, the study witnesses a positive shift in school perspectives around gender identity as compared to the literature being reviewed, with teachers working towards a more impartial approach in the construction of gender identity. The study calls for more exploration on students' self-perceptions, career choices, and the challenges they face with a focus on promoting gender equity. Keywords: Femininity, Gender roles, Gender identities, Identity Constructionism, Gender socialization
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Abugideiri, Hibba. "Allegorical Gender". American Journal of Islam and Society 13, nr 4 (1.01.1996): 518–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v13i4.2296.
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IntroductionIn the last decade, a number of monographs and forays in the field ofMuslim women’s studies have attempted to examine the place of theMuslim woman in the interpretive heritage of Islamic exegetical texts, particulythe hadith tufsir literature from the period of classical Islam.’ The figureof Eve (Hawwa’ in Qur’anic terminology) is an inevitable topic of discussionin all of these scholarly studies, primarily due to her definitive rolein the evolution of gender categories in the Islamic exegetical texts, and,subsequently, how this role has become an indicator of direction for theMuslim woman’s identity. The figure of Eve, in short, as articulated byMuslim classical exegetes, has not ony defined the identity of Muslimwoman; it has also set the parameters for how that identity has been forged.Yet, the traditional view of Eve portrays woman as both physically andmentally inferior to man, as well as spiritually inept. This classical interpretationof Eve has come to be endowed with sacred authority, more so byvirtue of its place in our Islamic past than by any Qur’anic sanction.This is not to imply that all of the medieval classical writings on Islamconstitute a monolithic whole. After all, the sources of the Shari‘ah, namely,the Qur’an and the hadith, historically have been highly adaptable texts:In the case of the Qur’an, its directives are general, broad, and flexiblein most cases; therefore they could be translated into the termsof a specific social reality of each generation of interpreters.Concerning the hadith . . . given the inevitable gap between theactual and the idealized. . . it is not surprising that the Hadith containsan abundance of varied and often contradictory traditions, ...
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G. Gates, Trevor, i Pamela A. Viggiani. "Understanding lesbian, gay, and bisexual worker stigmatization: a review of the literature". International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 34, nr 5/6 (3.06.2014): 359–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-07-2013-0077.
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Purpose – Stigmatization of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people at work is an enduring social problem, yet little is known about how those experiences differ. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the above issue. Design/methodology/approach – Using a framework of modified labeling, this conceptual paper addresses that gap by reviewing the literature on differences in LGB worker stigmatization by type of sexual orientation identity, outness, sex and gender identity, and education and social class. Findings – Findings in the literature were that LGB workers are labeled as outsiders, and treated differently in many workplaces. However, there are other distinctions, based upon type of sexual orientation identity (i.e. whether someone is lesbian, gay, or bisexual), sex and gender identity, outness at work, and education and social classes. Originality/value – Moreover, the paper proposes additional aspects of LGB worker stigmatization needing further empirical study.
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Go, Charles G., i Thao N. Le. "Gender Differences in Cambodian Delinquency: The Role of Ethnic Identity, Parental Discipline, and Peer Delinquency". Crime & Delinquency 51, nr 2 (kwiecień 2005): 220–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128704273466.
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Contrary to the model minority stereotype, Asian youth are increasingly becoming more involved in crime and delinquency. For instance, in the California Youth Authority, Southeast Asian adolescents are disproportionately represented, including Cambodian, Hmong, and Lao and Mien youth. However, few studies have focused on factors that are associated with Southeast Asian adolescent delinquency. Using a Cambodian adolescent sample, this study found significant gender similarities as well as differences. In both groups, peer delinquency was significantly associated with juvenile delinquency. However, for males, ethnic identity search was also a significant factor whereas for females, parental discipline was significant. These findings argue for the need to consider gender differences in conducting research and intervention programs for Cambodians and generally, for Southeast Asian adolescents. These results also suggest a need for more research, not only with respect to gender differences, but also on how they are similar to their Southeast Asian, Asian, and U.S. counterparts.
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Henrich, Sören. "Gender identity assessment with trans individuals – findings of a systematic literature review of assessment instruments and ethical considerations". Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 6, nr 3 (11.03.2020): 203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-01-2020-0014.
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Purpose In several Western legislations, trans individuals must frequently undergo some form of gender identity assessment, for example, to receive legal recognition of their gender or to access therapeutic interventions. Thus, a standardised and empirically supported assessment approach becomes necessary. The purpose of this paper is to critically reflect on the current international guidelines for assessments by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health, which will be compared to standards in secure forensic settings, illustrated by British prison policies. Design/methodology/approach Findings of a systematic literature review following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis standards are presented, summarising the current state of research pertaining to gender identity assessment instruments. Studies were included, when they presented empirical details pertaining to assessment approaches and passed the quality appraisal, but were excluded when they did not use a trans sample or presented clinical assessments not linked to gender identity. Findings A total of 21 included English articles, which mostly have been published in the USA in the past 20 years, propose ten different assessment approaches. Most of the studies support the use of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2, the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, Body Image Scale for Transsexuals and the Gender Identity/Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire for Adolescents and Adults. The instruments are briefly summarised. Practical implications It becomes apparent that this field is severely understudied and that there is no consensus regarding the best assessment approach. Hence, any recommendations are only preliminary and are contextualised with further ethical considerations and suggestions for future research. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first systematic literature review pertaining to the (semi-)structured assessment of gender identity.
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Baglivio, Michael. "Considering Race and Gender in the Validity of Juvenile Justice Risk". Criminology & Public Policy 17, nr 3 (sierpień 2018): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12385.
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Webb, Andrew J., Dayna McManus, Ginger E. Rouse, Robyn Vonderheyde i Jeffrey E. Topal. "Implications for medication dosing for transgender patients: A review of the literature and recommendations for pharmacists". American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 77, nr 6 (3.02.2020): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxz355.
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Abstract Purpose Transgender patients face considerable healthcare disparities. Improved means of recognizing transgender patients and understanding their medical needs is important to provide optimal care. The electronic medical record (EMR) of our health system allows for differentiation of gender identity, legal sex, and sex at birth. With EMR recognition of transgender patients, a recommendation for estimating creatinine clearance (CLcr) and ideal body weight (IBW) was needed to standardize medication dosing. Summary The literature was reviewed for evidence on the effect of gender-affirming hormone therapy on serum creatinine concentration and lean body mass. Findings informed a recommendation for drug dosing based on CLcr and IBW in transgender patients. Four studies that reported the effect of hormone therapy on biometric laboratory values were found. Three studies reported that values of transgender patients more closely resembled the standard values of their gender identity vs sex at birth after hormone therapy; 1 study reported a range of values that more closely resembled those associated with sex at birth while still overlapping with values associated with gender identity. Consequently, it was recommended that pharmacists dose medications based on CLcr and IBW calculations consistent with gender identity after a patient has been on hormone therapy for 6 months or longer. Conclusion Providing optimal care to transgender patients includes considering the effect of gender-affirming hormone therapy on overall physiology. Consistently using the appropriate CLcr and IBW calculations for each patient ensures safe and effective care. Additional studies are needed to confirm the effect of hormone therapy on renal clearance and lean body mass.
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Ashley, Florence. "The article ‘Sex, gender and gender identity’ fails to adequately engage with the extant scientific literature". BJPsych Bulletin 45, nr 5 (24.09.2021): 309–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjb.2021.77.
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