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Lee, Myunghoon, Hyeonho Shin, Dabin Lee i Sung-Pil Choi. "Korean Grammatical Error Correction Based on Transformer with Copying Mechanisms and Grammatical Noise Implantation Methods". Sensors 21, nr 8 (10.04.2021): 2658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082658.
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Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) is the task of detecting and correcting various grammatical errors in texts. Many previous approaches to the GEC have used various mechanisms including rules, statistics, and their combinations. Recently, the performance of the GEC in English has been drastically enhanced due to the vigorous applications of deep neural networks and pretrained language models. Following the promising results of the English GEC tasks, we apply the Transformer with Copying Mechanism into the Korean GEC task by introducing novel and effective noising methods for constructing Korean GEC datasets. Our comparative experiments showed that the proposed system outperforms two commercial grammar check and other NMT-based models.
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Musyafa, Ahmad, Ying Gao, Aiman Solyman, Chaojie Wu i Siraj Khan. "Automatic Correction of Indonesian Grammatical Errors Based on Transformer". Applied Sciences 12, nr 20 (14.10.2022): 10380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122010380.
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Grammatical error correction (GEC) is one of the major tasks in natural language processing (NLP) which has recently attracted great attention from researchers. The performance of universal languages such as English and Chinese in the GEC system has improved significantly. This could be attributed to the large number of powerful applications supported by neural network models and pretrained language models. Referring to the satisfactory results of the universal language in the GEC task and the lack of research on the GEC task for low-resource languages, especially Indonesian, this paper proposes an automatic model for Indonesian grammar correction based on the Transformer architecture which can be applied to other low-resource language texts. Furthermore, we build a large corpus of the Indonesian language that can be utilized for evaluating the next Indonesian GEC task. We evaluate the models in this dataset, and the results show that the Transformer-based automatic error correction model achieved significant and satisfactory results compared with the results of previous research models.
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Lin, Nankai, Boyu Chen, Xiaotian Lin, Kanoksak Wattanachote i Shengyi Jiang. "A Framework for Indonesian Grammar Error Correction". ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 20, nr 4 (26.05.2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3440993.
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Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) is a challenge in Natural Language Processing research. Although many researchers have been focusing on GEC in universal languages such as English or Chinese, few studies focus on Indonesian, which is a low-resource language. In this article, we proposed a GEC framework that has the potential to be a baseline method for Indonesian GEC tasks. This framework treats GEC as a multi-classification task. It integrates different language embedding models and deep learning models to correct 10 types of Part of Speech (POS) error in Indonesian text. In addition, we constructed an Indonesian corpus that can be utilized as an evaluation dataset for Indonesian GEC research. Our framework was evaluated on this dataset. Results showed that the Long Short-Term Memory model based on word-embedding achieved the best performance. Its overall macro-average F 0.5 in correcting 10 POS error types reached 0.551. Results also showed that the framework can be trained on a low-resource dataset.
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Afraimovich, E. L., E. I. Astafyeva, A. V. Oinats, Yu V. Yasukevich i I. V. Zhivetiev. "Global electron content: a new conception to track solar activity". Annales Geophysicae 26, nr 2 (26.02.2008): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-335-2008.
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Abstract. We developed a method and programs for estimation of the global electron content (GEC) from GPS measurements, using the ionosphere models IRI-2001 and NeQuick. During the 23rd cycle of solar activity, the value of GEC varied from 0.8 to 3.2×1032 electrons, following changes in the solar extreme ultra violet (EUV) radiation and solar radio emission at 10.7-cm wavelength. We found a strong resemblance of these variations, with discernible 11-year and 27-day periodicities. A saturation effect of GEC is found when F10.7 increases. We found that GEC is characterized by strong seasonal (semiannual) variations with maximum relative amplitude at about 10% during the rising and falling parts of the solar activity and up to 30% during the period of maximum. It was found that the relative difference between model and experimental GEC series increase as the smoothing time window decreases. We found that GEC-IRI seasonal variations are out-of-phase with experimental GEC values. The lag between model and experimental maximum of GEC values can reach several tens of days. The variations of GEC lag, on average, 2 days after those of F10.7 and UV. GEC completely reflects the dynamics of the active regions on the solar surface. The amplitude of the 27-day GEC variations decreases from 8% at the rising and falling solar activity to 2% at the maximum and at the minimum. We also found that the lifetime of contrast long-living active formations on the Sun's surface in EUV range for more than 1 month exceeds the one in radio range (10.7 cm).
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Cybulsky, A. V., J. C. Monge, J. Papillon i A. J. McTavish. "Complement C5b-9 activates cytosolic phospholipase A2 in glomerular epithelial cells". American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 269, nr 5 (1.11.1995): F739—F749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1995.269.5.f739.
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In rat membranous nephropathy, complement C5b-9 induces glomerular epithelial cell (GEC) injury and proteinuria, which, in some models, is partially mediated by eicosanoids. By analogy, sublytic C5b-9 injures plasma membranes and releases arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosanoids in cultured rat GEC. In this study, we demonstrate that, in GEC, sublytic C5b-9 stably increased the activity of a high-molecular-mass cytosolic phospholipase A2 (PLA2), which we identified as "cPLA2." This increase was abolished with inhibitors of protein kinase C. C5b-9 did not affect low-molecular-mass membrane-associated or secretory PLA2 activities. In GEC that stably overexpress cPLA2 activity and protein (produced by transfection of cPLA2 cDNA), immunoblot analysis showed that sublytic C5b-9 induced a decreased mobility of cPLA2, consistent with cPLA2 phosphorylation. Incubation of cPLA2-transfected GEC with sublytic C5b-9 significantly increased production of free AA and prostaglandin E2, whereas, in control GEC, the C5b-9-induced changes in free AA and prostaglandin E2 were small. Furthermore, both C5b-9-dependent sublytic cytotoxicity and cytolysis were enhanced in GEC overexpressing cPLA2, compared with control cells. Thus C5b-9 increased cPLA2 activity, probably via phosphorylation involving a protein kinase C-dependent pathway. Phospholipid hydrolysis by cPLA2 resulted in release of substrate for eicosanoid synthesis and in enhancement of C5b-9-dependent GEC injury. Both processes may facilitate glomerular damage in membranous nephropathy.
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Zhao, Zewei, i Houfeng Wang. "MaskGEC: Improving Neural Grammatical Error Correction via Dynamic Masking". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, nr 01 (3.04.2020): 1226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i01.5476.
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Grammatical error correction (GEC) is a promising natural language processing (NLP) application, whose goal is to change the sentences with grammatical errors into the correct ones. Neural machine translation (NMT) approaches have been widely applied to this translation-like task. However, such methods need a fairly large parallel corpus of error-annotated sentence pairs, which is not easy to get especially in the field of Chinese grammatical error correction. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective method to improve the NMT-based GEC models by dynamic masking. By adding random masks to the original source sentences dynamically in the training procedure, more diverse instances of error-corrected sentence pairs are generated to enhance the generalization ability of the grammatical error correction model without additional data. The experiments on NLPCC 2018 Task 2 show that our MaskGEC model improves the performance of the neural GEC models. Besides, our single model for Chinese GEC outperforms the current state-of-the-art ensemble system in NLPCC 2018 Task 2 without any extra knowledge.
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Amato, Timothy W. "On Difference Equations, Probability Models and the “Generalized Event Count” Distribution". Political Analysis 6 (1996): 175–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/6.1.175.
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In this article, the mathematical and probabilistic foundations of Gary King's “generalized event count” (GEC) model for dealing with unequally dispersed event count data are explored. It is shown that the GEC model is a probability model that joins together the binomial, negative binomial, and Poisson distributions. Some aspects of the GEC's reparameterization are described and extended and it is shown how different reparameterizations lead to different interpretations of the dispersion parameter. The common mathematical and statistical structure of “unequally dispersed” event count models as models that require estimation of the “number of trials” parameter along with the “probability” component is derived. Some questions pertaining to estimation of this class of models are raised for future discussion.
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Li, Jiquan, Junliang Guo, Yongxin Zhu, Xin Sheng, Deqiang Jiang, Bo Ren i Linli Xu. "Sequence-to-Action: Grammatical Error Correction with Action Guided Sequence Generation". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, nr 10 (28.06.2022): 10974–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i10.21345.
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The task of Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) has received remarkable attention with wide applications in Natural Language Processing (NLP) in recent years. While one of the key principles of GEC is to keep the correct parts unchanged and avoid over-correction, previous sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) models generate results from scratch, which are not guaranteed to follow the original sentence structure and may suffer from the over-correction problem. In the meantime, the recently proposed sequence tagging models can overcome the over-correction problem by only generating edit operations, but are conditioned on human designed language-specific tagging labels. In this paper, we combine the pros and alleviate the cons of both models by proposing a novel Sequence-to-Action (S2A) module. The S2A module jointly takes the source and target sentences as input, and is able to automatically generate a token-level action sequence before predicting each token, where each action is generated from three choices named SKIP, COPY and GENerate. Then the actions are fused with the basic seq2seq framework to provide final predictions. We conduct experiments on the benchmark datasets of both English and Chinese GEC tasks. Our model consistently outperforms the seq2seq baselines, while being able to significantly alleviate the over-correction problem as well as holding better generality and diversity in the generation results compared to the sequence tagging models.
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Cybulsky, Andrey V., Richard J. Quigg i David J. Salant. "Experimental membranous nephropathy redux". American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 289, nr 4 (październik 2005): F660—F671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00437.2004.
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Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. Active and passive Heymann nephritis (HN) in rats are valuable experimental models because their features so closely resemble human MN. In HN, subepithelial immune deposits form in situ as a result of circulating antibodies. Complement activation leads to assembly of C5b-9 on glomerular epithelial cell (GEC) plasma membranes and is essential for sublethal GEC injury and the onset of proteinuria. This review revisits HN and focuses on areas of substantial progress in recent years. The response of the GEC to sublethal C5b-9 attack is not simply due to disruption of the plasma membrane but is due to the activation of specific signaling pathways. These include activation of protein kinases, phospholipases, cyclooxygenases, transcription factors, growth factors, NADPH oxidase, stress proteins, proteinases, and others. Ultimately, these signals impact on cell metabolic pathways and the structure/function of lipids and key proteins in the cytoskeleton and slit-diaphragm. Some signals affect GEC adversely. Thus C5b-9 induces partial dissolution of the actin cytoskeleton. There is a decline in nephrin expression, reduction in F-actin-bound nephrin, and loss of slit-diaphragm integrity. Other signals, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, may limit complement-induced injury, or promote recovery. The extent of complement activation and GEC injury is dependent, in part, on complement-regulatory proteins, which act at early or late steps within the complement cascade. Identification of key steps in complement activation, the cellular signaling pathways, and the targets will facilitate therapeutic intervention in reversing GEC injury in human MN.
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Lichtarge, Jared, Chris Alberti i Shankar Kumar. "Data Weighted Training Strategies for Grammatical Error Correction". Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 8 (październik 2020): 634–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00336.
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Recent progress in the task of Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) has been driven by addressing data sparsity, both through new methods for generating large and noisy pretraining data and through the publication of small and higher-quality finetuning data in the BEA-2019 shared task. Building upon recent work in Neural Machine Translation (NMT), we make use of both kinds of data by deriving example-level scores on our large pretraining data based on a smaller, higher-quality dataset. In this work, we perform an empirical study to discover how to best incorporate delta-log-perplexity, a type of example scoring, into a training schedule for GEC. In doing so, we perform experiments that shed light on the function and applicability of delta-log-perplexity. Models trained on scored data achieve state- of-the-art results on common GEC test sets.
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Гуляева, Тамара, i Tamara Gulyaeva. "Modification of the solar activity indices in the International Reference Ionosphere IRI and IRI-Plas models due to recent revision of sunspot number time series". Solar-Terrestrial Physics 2, nr 3 (27.10.2016): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22287.
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The International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) imports global effective ionospheric IG12 index based on ionosonde measurements of the critical frequency foF2 as a proxy of solar activity. Similarly, the global electron content (GEC), smoothed by the sliding 12-months window (GEC12), is used as a solar proxy in the ionospheric and plasmaspheric model IRI-Plas. GEC has been calculated from global ionospheric maps of total electron content (TEC) since 1998 whereas its productions for the preceding years and predictions for the future are made with the empirical model of the linear dependence of GEC on solar activity. At present there is a need to re-evaluate solar and ionospheric indices in the ionospheric models due to the recent revision of sunspot number (SSN2) time series, which has been conducted since July 1, 2015 [Clette et al., 2014]. Implementation of SSN2 instead of the former SSN1 series with the ionospheric model could increase model prediction errors. A formula is proposed to transform the smoothed SSN212 series to the proxy of the former basic SSN112=R12 index, which is used by the IRI and IRI-Plas models for long-term ionospheric predictions. Regression relationships are established between GEC12, the sunspot number R12, and the proxy solar index of 10.7 cm microwave radio flux, F10.712. Comparison of calculations by the IRI-Plas and IRI models with observations and predictions for Moscow during solar cycles 23 and 24 has shown the advantage of implementation of GEC12 index with the IRI-Plas model.
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Cybulsky, A. V. "Release of arachidonic acid by complement C5b-9 complex in glomerular epithelial cells". American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 261, nr 3 (1.09.1991): F427—F436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1991.261.3.f427.
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In experimental membranous nephropathy, C5b-9 induces noncytolytic glomerular epithelial cell (GEC) injury and proteinuria, which in some models is partially mediated by metabolites of arachidonic acid. In cultured GEC, sublytic C5b-9 increases cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), activates phospholipase C (PLC), and releases arachidonic acid and eicosanoids. This study examined mechanisms of arachidonic acid production by C5b-9. In GEC labeled with [3H]arachidonate C5b-9 increased free [3H]arachidonic acid and 1,2-[3H]-arachidonoyl-diacylglycerol (DAG), an endogenous activator of protein kinase C (PKC). Elevated [Ca2+]i was not sufficient to account for increased free arachidonic acid. Moreover, in GEC that had been depleted of PKC by preincubation for 18 h with 2 microM phorbol myristate acetate, the C5b-9-induced arachidonate release was inhibited by greater than 75%. Reacylation of phospholipids was not decreased by C5b-9. Homogenates of GEC that had been stimulated with C5b-9 released more [14C]arachidonate from exogenously added 2-[14C]arachidonoyl-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine or 2-[14C]arachidonoyl-phosphatidylcholine than homogenates of unstimulated cells (assayed at a Ca2+ concentration of 2 mM). These experiments demonstrate directly that C5b-9 increased phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity. PLA2 appeared to be stimulated as a result of PKC activation (probably secondary to increased DAG) in association with elevated [Ca2+]i. The C5b-9-induced activation of PLA2 may lead to release of eicosanoids, which may contribute toward impaired glomerular capillary wall permselectivity in experimental membranous nephropathy.
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Гуляева, Тамара, i Tamara Gulyaeva. "Modification of the solar activity indices in the International Reference Ionosphere IRI and IRI-Plas models due to recent revision of sunspot number time series". Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika 2, nr 3 (17.09.2016): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/20872.
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The International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) imports global effective ionospheric IG12 index based on ionosonde measurements of the critical frequency foF2 as a proxy of solar activity. Similarly, the global electron content (GEC), smoothed by the sliding 12-months window (GEC12), is used as a solar proxy in the ionospheric and plasmaspheric model IRI-Plas. GEC has been calculated from global ionospheric maps of total electron content (TEC) since 1998 whereas its productions for the preceding years and predictions for the future are made with the empirical model of the linear dependence of GEC on solar activity. At present there is a need to re-evaluate solar and ionospheric indices in the ionospheric models due to the recent revision of sunspot number (SSN2) time series, which has been conducted since 1st July, 2015 [Clette et al., 2014]. Implementation of SSN2 instead of the former SSN1 series with the ionospheric model could increase model prediction errors. A formula is proposed to transform the smoothed SSN212 series to the proxy of the former basic SSN112=R12 index, which is used by IRI and IRI-Plas models for long-term ionospheric predictions. Regression relationships are established between GEC12, the sunspot number R12, and the proxy solar index of 10.7 cm microwave radio flux, F10.712. Comparison of calculations by the IRI-Plas and IRI models with observations and predictions for Moscow during solar cycles 23 and 24 has shown the advantage of implementation of GEC12 index with the IRI-Plas model.
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Makarenko, Serge, i Winson Y. Cheung. "Effect of aprepitant on adherence to high-dose cisplatin-based chemotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, nr 15_suppl (20.05.2012): 9078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.9078.
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9078 Background: Treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancers (HNC) and gastroesophageal cancers (GEC) frequently consists of high-dose cisplatin, which is highly emetogenic. Our aims were to 1) explore the impact of aprepitant for improving adherence to cisplatin-based chemotherapy in HNC and GEC, 2) examine its effect on reducing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and 3) determine if use of aprepitant changed after introduction of insurance coverage for this drug. Methods: Patients diagnosed with HNC or GEC in British Columbia, Canada from Jan 2008 and June 2011 and prescribed high-dose cisplatin were reviewed. Using regression models that adjusted for confounders, we evaluated the relationship between aprepitant use and treatment and outcome characteristics, such as number of chemotherapy cycles, prevalence of CINV, and recurrence and survival. Results: A total of 333 patients were identified: 162 HNC and 171 GEC patients of whom 80% were men, 44% were aged >/=60 years, 35% were smokers, and 42% were alcohol users. Aprepitant was prescribed in 49%, nausea and vomiting occurred in 64 and 24%, respectively, and completion of all planned cisplatin was 52%. Younger patients (55 vs 41%, p=0.01) and those with less tumor burden (64 vs 38%, p<0.01) were more likely to be given aprepitant. Individuals who received aprepitant were significantly less likely to experience CINV (p<0.01). Use of aprepitant differed between HNC and GEC patients (p<0.01); however, its use did not increase when insurance coverage of this agent was introduced (p=0.16). In multivariate analyses, aprepitant use was significantly associated with adherence to all planned cisplatin treatments (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.27-4.25, p<0.01). In Cox regression, completion of all cisplatin cycles was significantly correlated with a lower risk of recurrence (HR 0.56, 95%CI 0.32-0.97 p=0.04) and a trend towards decreased death (HR 0.56, 95%CI 0.31-1.10, p=0.10). Conclusions: Aprepitant was associated with a reduction in CINV in both HNC and GEC patients and correlated with better adherence to high-dose cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Individuals who completed all planned cisplatin had improved outcomes, specifically a lower risk of recurrence from HNC and GEC.
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Cunningham, David, Yung-Jue Bang, Josep Tabernero, Manish A. Shah, Florian Lordick i Stephen Paul Hack. "MetGastric: A randomized phase III study of onartuzumab (MetMAb) in combination with mFOLFOX6 in patients with metastatic HER2-negative and MET-positive adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, nr 15_suppl (20.05.2013): TPS4155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.tps4155.
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TPS4155 Background: Dysregulation of the HGF/MET pathway in patients with gastroesophageal cancer (GEC) is associated with diminished survival and poor prognostic features, such as nodal and organ metastasis, disease stage and tumor invasiveness. Preclinical data suggest that inhibition of the HGF/MET axis may increase the anti-tumor properties of platinum agents by overcoming HGF-mediated resistance mechanisms. Overexpression and inappropriate activation of the MET pathway has been shown to promote peritoneal metastasis in murine models of GEC. Overexpression of HGF or MET has also been linked to metastatic spread to the liver and peritoneum in patients with GEC. Clinical studies suggest that antibody-based inhibitors of the HGF/MET pathway are active in GEC. Onartuzumab, a monovalent monoclonal antibody, specifically binds to the MET receptor preventing HGF binding thereby inhibiting signal transduction. The most commonly reported adverse events associated with onartuzumab are grade 1–3 peripheral edema, hypoalbuminemia and fatigue. Methods: MetGastric is a randomized placebo-controlled, international phase III study in patients with previously untreated metastatic GEC. Only patients with tumors classified as both HER2-negative and MET-positive (by IHC) are eligible. Patients will be randomized (1:1) to receive mFOLFOX6 plus onartuzumab or mFOLFOX6 plus placebo. A maximum of 12 cycles of mFOLFOX6 are permitted. Onartuzumab or placebo will be continued until disease progression. The primary endpoint is overall survival. Secondary endpoints include progression-free survival, overall response rate, safety and correlative biomarker studies. Primary and secondary analyses will include all randomized patients, analyzed according to treatment arm assignment and MET IHC score. Safety will be assessed in all patients who receive at least one dose of study treatment. This study is open for accrual. Clinical trial information: NCT01662869.
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Varela-Losada, Mercedes, Pedro Vega-Marcote, María Lorenzo-Rial i Uxío Pérez-Rodríguez. "The Challenge of Global Environmental Change: Attitudinal Trends in Teachers-In-Training". Sustainability 13, nr 2 (6.01.2021): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020493.
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The aim of our research was to study attitudinal trends in Spanish trainee teachers regarding Global Environmental Change (GEC), in order to identify elements that should be enhanced in their education. The Scale of Global Environmental Change (SGEC) was used as a measurement instrument to explore attitudes on how to deal with GEC. A cluster analysis of the scores of the four SGEC factors (N = 950) was carried out in order to segment the cases into groups of similar response profiles. Two solutions are proposed: one made up of two clusters (Concerned and Disengaged) and the other of four clusters (Egocentric, Indifferent, Sceptical and Committed). Furthermore, we have analysed whether some of the students’ characteristics significantly influence their inclusion in one cluster or another. The results of this study show that among trainee teachers there are sceptical, self-centered and indifferent trends, which do not correspond to people capable of promoting the transformation needed to deal with GEC. Therefore, it is necessary to improve their training with new educational models that favour the recognition of the real origin of socio-environmental problems and provide them with skills to promote individual and social responsibility.
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Chao, Joseph, James Lin, Paul Henry Frankel, Andrew J. Clark, Devin T. Wiley, Edward Graeme Garmey, Marwan Fakih i in. "Pilot trial of CRLX101 in patients (pts) with advanced, chemotherapy-refractory gastroesophageal cancer (GEC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, nr 4_suppl (1.02.2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.4_suppl.44.
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44 Background: Camptothecin (CPT) derivatives such as irinotecan have activity in 2nd-line therapy in advanced GEC with reported response rates of 0-15%. CRLX101 is an investigational nanoparticle-drug conjugate (NDC) with a CPT payload. Preclinical evidence indicates preferential uptake in tumors, and animal GEC xenograft models demonstrate superiority of CRLX101 over irinotecan. A pilot trial was conducted at recommended phase 2 dosing (RP2D) to assess preferential uptake of CRLX101 in tumor vs. adjacent normal tissue in endoscopically accessible tumors in patients with chemotherapy-refractory GEC. Data demonstrating preferential tumor uptake of CRLX101 has been presented separately and here we report on the clinical outcomes of patients enrolled. Methods: All pts initiated CRLX101 dosed intravenously at RP2D (15 mg/m2) on days 1 and 15 of a 28-day cycle until disease progression or intolerant toxicity. While detection of preferential CRLX101 tumor uptake was the primary endpoint, with 10 pts enrolled a secondary analysis could be performed with the study having 90% power to detect ≥ 1 responder if the true response rate is ≥ 21%. Responses were assessed using RECIST 1.1. Results: Between Dec. 2012 and Dec. 2014, 10 patients with chemotherapy-refractory (median 2 prior lines of therapy, range 1-4) GEC and adenocarcinoma histology were enrolled and evaluable for response and toxicity. The median time-to-progression was 1.9 mo (range 0.6-8.7 mo). Best response was seen in 1 pt with stable disease (SD) for 8 cycles. Only ≥ grade 3 toxicities related to CRLX101 occurred in a single patient with grade 3 anemia and chest pain who was able to resume therapy without any further toxicity after CRLX101 was reduced to 12 mg/m2. Conclusions: CRLX101 demonstrated minimal activity with SD as best response in this heavily pretreated population. Future efforts with CRLX101 in advanced GEC should focus on combination strategies. Its favorable toxicity profile and evidence of preferential tumor uptake support further clinical research of combining CRLX101 with other targeted therapies such as anti-angiogenesis (ramucirumab) and/or immune checkpoint inhibitors. Clinical trial information: NCT01612546 Clinical trial information: NCT01612546.
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Li, Yiyuan, Antonios Anastasopoulos i Alan W. Black. "Towards Minimal Supervision BERT-Based Grammar Error Correction (Student Abstract)". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, nr 10 (3.04.2020): 13859–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i10.7202.
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Current grammatical error correction (GEC) models typically consider the task as sequence generation, which requires large amounts of annotated data and limit the applications in data-limited settings. We try to incorporate contextual information from pre-trained language model to leverage annotation and benefit multilingual scenarios. Results show strong potential of Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) in grammatical error correction task.
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Henderson, Les, Peng Xu, Emily O'Day, Fabiola Cecchi, Adele Blackler, Wei-Li Liao, Todd A. Hembrough i Daniel V. T. Catenacci. "KRAS gene amplification to define a distinct molecular subgroup of gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, nr 4_suppl (1.02.2016): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.4_suppl.74.
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74 Background: KRAS mutation is rare ( < 5%) in gastroesophageal cancer (GEC). However, the incidence of KRAS gene amplification (amp+), consequent protein levels, and prognostic and/or therapeutic implications are unknown. Methods: 410 GEC samples and 30 cell lines were assessed for KRAS gene copy number (GCN) by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) (n = 90), Kras expression by selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (Kras-SRM-MS) (n = 393), and Kras-SRM level evaluated for correlation with KRAS amp+ status (n = 73). Survival analysis was performed comparing KRAS amp+ versus non-amp+ patients. When possible, concurrent 315 gene next-generation sequencing was also performed. Four KRAS-amplified xenograft lines (CAT-2,12,14,15) were established from malignant effusions. Tumorigenic activity of KRAS amp+ lines (CAT lines, MKN-1) were assessed using MTT and soft agar assays in vitro and subcutaneous xenograft models, compared to non-amp+ lines. Inhibitory assays were performed using KRAS siRNA and CRIPSR, and commercial inhibitors targeting downstream effectors MEK and/or PIK3CA. Results: KRAS FISH revealed clustered gene amp+ in 28.9% (26/90); these patients had worse prognosis than non-amp+ patients. GCN significantly correlated with Kras expression. All KRAS amp+ cell lines significantly overexpressed Kras protein and were tumorigenic in xenograft subcutaneous models. KRAS siRNA and KRAS CRISPR of KRAS amp+ cell lines demonstrated inhibition in MTT viability and soft agar assays, compared to appropriate controls, and demonstrated significant and durable xenograft growth reduction. Conversely, inhibition using MEK and/or PI3K inhibitors demonstrated only transient growth reduction in vivo. Conclusions: KRAS gene amp+ was observed in a large subset (26%) of GEC patients, which correlated with extreme expression by mass spectrometry. Established xenograft lines serve as models to investigate therapeutic strategies for KRAS amp+ patients. Inhibition using MEK/PIK3CA inhibitors provided transient benefit for KRAS amp+ tumors while durable inhibition was observed with Kras protein knockdown, suggesting potential benefit from novel siRNA therapeutics currently in development.
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Davydov C. Yu. "Elasticity of 3D and 2D XC (X = Si, Ge, Sn) compounds: Keating and Harrison models". Physics of the Solid State 64, nr 6 (2022): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pss.2022.06.53822.300.
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For the bulk and monolayer IV group carbides in the scope of Keating and/or Harrison models analytical expressions are obtained for second order elastic constants cij, sound velocities v, third order elastic constants cijk, pressure dependencies of cij and v, Grneisen constant, thermal expansion coefficient and temperature dependence of bulk moduli. It is shown that in the row of SiC-GeC-SnC values of all considered characteristics decrease while thermal expansion coefficient increases. All the model estimations are compared with experimental data and calculating results of other authors. Keywords: force constants, elastic constants, sound velocities, anharmonic characteristics.
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Okazaki, Tomoya, Kota Kawai, Chiaki Otsuka, Takehiro Mori, Yota Saeki, Edson Haruhico Sekiya i Kazuya Saito. "Ge-codoping effect on X-ray-induced photodarkening in Al-doped and Dy-Al-doped silica glass". Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 61, nr 3 (1.03.2022): 032002. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/ac4d02.
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Abstract X-ray-induced photodarkening and its suppression by Ge-codoping were investigated in Al-doped, Dy-doped, and Dy-Al-doped silica glasses. Absorption bands of 4f-4f5d transition of Dy2+ were determined in Dy-Al-doped silica glass fabricated by Si nano-powders as a reducing agent, and it was found that pair generation of Dy2+ and Al-OHC was occurred in X-ray irradiated Dy-Al-doped silica glass. Ge-codoping suppresses the above-mentioned pair generation and instead forms the pair of GEC and GLPC+. A similar suppression effect of Ge-codoping was observed in Al-Ge-doped silica glass, where pair generation of Al-OHC and Al-E′ center was suppressed. To investigate the stability of defects, annihilation processes during thermal annealing were measured. Al-OHC and Dy2+ are destabilized by Ge-codoping in Al-doped and Dy-Al-doped silica glasses, while GEC is stabilized in Al-Ge-doped and Dy-Al-Ge-doped silica glasses. Based on these results, local structure models around Al, Ge, and Dy ions and possible mechanisms of photodarkening were proposed.
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Baumgaertner, A. J. G., G. M. Lucas, J. P. Thayer i S. A. Mallios. "On the role of non-electrified clouds in the Global Electric Circuit". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, nr 7 (15.04.2014): 9815–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-9815-2014.
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Abstract. Non-electrified clouds in the fair-weather part of the Global Electric Circuit (GEC) reduce conductivity because of the limited mobility of charge due to attachment to cloud water droplets, effectively leading to a loss of ions. A high-resolution GEC model, which numerically solves the Poisson equation, is used to show that in the fair-weather region currents partially flow around non-electrified clouds, with current divergence above the cloud, and convergence below the cloud. An analysis of this effect is presented for various types of non-electrified clouds, i.e. for different altitude extents, and for different horizontal dimensions, finding that the effect is most pronounced for high clouds with a diameter below 100 km. Based on these results, a method to calculate column and global resistance is developed that can account for all cloud sizes and altitudes. The CESM1(WACCM) Earth System Model as well as ISCCP cloud data are used to calculate the effect of this phenomenon on global resistance. From CESM1(WACCM), it is found that when including non-electrified clouds in the fair-weather estimate of resistance the global resistance increases by up to 73%, depending on the parameters used. Using ISCCP cloud cover leads to an even larger increase, which is likely to be overestimated because of time-averaging of cloud cover. Neglecting current divergence/convergence around small clouds overestimates global resistance by up to 20%, whereas the method introduced by previous studies underestimates global resistance by up to 40%. For global GEC models, a conductivity parametrization is developed to account for the current divergence/convergence phenomenon around non-electrified clouds. Conductivity simulations from CESM1(WACCM) using this parametrization are presented.
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Давыдов, С. Ю. "Упругость 3D- и 2D-соединений XC (X=Si, Ge, Sn): модели Китинга и Харрисона". Физика твердого тела 64, nr 6 (2022): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2022.06.52387.300.
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For the bulk and monolayer IV group carbides in the scope of Keating and/or Harrison models analytical expressions are obtained for second order elastic constants , sound velocities , third order elastic constants , pressure dependencies of and , Grüneisen constant, thermal expansion coefficient and temperature dependence of bulk moduli. It is shown that in the row of SiC – GeC – SnC values of all considered characteristics decrease while thermal expansion coefficient increases. All the model estimations are compared with experimental data and calculating results of other authors.
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Baumgaertner, A. J. G., G. M. Lucas, J. P. Thayer i S. A. Mallios. "On the role of clouds in the fair weather part of the global electric circuit". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, nr 16 (25.08.2014): 8599–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8599-2014.
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Abstract. Clouds in the fair weather return path of the global electric circuit (GEC) reduce conductivity because of the limited mobility of charge due to attachment to cloud water droplets, effectively leading to a loss of ions. A high-resolution GEC model, which numerically solves the current continuity equation in combination with Ohm's law, is used to show that return currents partially flow around clouds, with current divergence above the cloud and convergence below the cloud. An analysis of this effect is presented for various types of clouds, i.e., for different altitude extents and for different horizontal dimensions, finding that the effect is most pronounced for high clouds with a diameter below 100 km. Based on these results, a method to calculate column and global resistance is developed that can account for all cloud sizes and altitudes. The CESM1(WACCM) (Community Earth System Model – Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model) as well as ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project) cloud data are used to calculate the effect of this phenomenon on global resistance. From CESM1(WACCM), it is found that when including clouds in the estimate of resistance the global resistance increases by up to 73%, depending on the parameters used. Using ISCCP cloud cover leads to an even larger increase, which is likely to be overestimated because of time averaging of cloud cover. Neglecting current divergence/convergence around small clouds overestimates global resistance by up to 20% whereas the method introduced by previous studies underestimates global resistance by up to 40%. For global GEC models, a~conductivity parameterization is developed to account for the current divergence/convergence phenomenon around clouds. Conductivity simulations from CESM1(WACCM) using this parameterization are presented.
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Müller-Deile, Janina, Nina Sopel, Alexandra Ohs, Victoria Rose, Marwin Gröner, Christoph Wrede, Jan Hegermann i in. "Glomerular Endothelial Cell-Derived microRNA-192 Regulates Nephronectin Expression in Idiopathic Membranous Glomerulonephritis". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 32, nr 11 (29.10.2021): 2777–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.2020121699.
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BackgroundAutoantibodies binding to podocyte antigens cause idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis (iMGN). However, it remains elusive how autoantibodies reach the subepithelial space because the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) is size selective and almost impermeable for antibodies.MethodsKidney biopsies from patients with iMGN, cell culture, zebrafish, and mouse models were used to investigate the role of nephronectin (NPNT) regulating microRNAs (miRs) for the GFB.ResultsGlomerular endothelial cell (GEC)-derived miR-192-5p and podocyte-derived miR-378a-3p are upregulated in urine and glomeruli of patients with iMGN, whereas glomerular NPNT is reduced. Overexpression of miR-192-5p and morpholino-mediated npnt knockdown induced edema, proteinuria, and podocyte effacement similar to podocyte-derived miR-378a-3p in zebrafish. Structural changes of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) with increased lucidity, splitting, and lamellation, especially of the lamina rara interna, similar to ultrastructural findings seen in advanced stages of iMGN, were found. IgG-size nanoparticles accumulated in lucidity areas of the lamina rara interna and lamina densa of the GBM in npnt-knockdown zebrafish models. Loss of slit diaphragm proteins and severe structural impairment of the GBM were further confirmed in podocyte-specific Npnt knockout mice. GECs downregulate podocyte NPNT by transfer of miR-192-5p–containing exosomes in a paracrine manner.ConclusionsPodocyte NPNT is important for proper glomerular filter function and GBM structure and is regulated by GEC-derived miR-192-5p and podocyte-derived miR-378a-3p. We hypothesize that loss of NPNT in the GBM is an important part of the initial pathophysiology of iMGN and enables autoantigenicity of podocyte antigens and subepithelial immune complex deposition in iMGN.
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Takahashi, Kosuke. "A Study of Integrated Model for Electricity Supply Chain Considering Renewable Energy Fraction and Demand Variation". Archives of Business Research 11, nr 1 (12.01.2023): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.111.13768.
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This paper aims to derive integrated model for electricity supply chain considering renewable energy fraction and demand variation. Currently, attention is being paid to increasing the ratio of renewable energy generation in the electric power market which called Green Energy Coefficient (GEC). This paper aims to derive an integrated model of electricity supply chain considering renewable energy fraction and demand variation using multi-agent reinforcement learning. The subjects of the models are the consumption market model, the electricity market model, and the production market model. Also, the pricing process in electricity supply chain is analyzed using the proposed multi-agent simulations.
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Catenacci, Daniel V. T., John H. Strickler, Yoshiaki Nakamura, Kohei Shitara, Yelena Y. Janjigian, Afsaneh Barzi, Tanios S. Bekaii-Saab i in. "MOUNTAINEER-02: Phase 2/3 study of tucatinib, trastuzumab, ramucirumab, and paclitaxel in previously treated HER2+ gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma—Trial in progress." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, nr 4_suppl (1.02.2022): TPS371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.4_suppl.tps371.
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TPS371 Background: Tucatinib (TUC), a highly selective HER2-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) approved in multiple regions for HER2+ metastatic breast cancer, is being developed as a novel therapy for patients (pts) with GI tumors including gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GEC). While trastuzumab (Tras) with chemotherapy is standard in the 1st-line setting for metastatic HER2+ GEC, no anti-HER2 therapy has demonstrated an OS benefit over chemotherapy as 2nd-line therapy, possibly due to loss of HER2 expression following Tras-based therapy. In GEC xenograft models, dual targeting of HER2 with TUC and Tras showed superior activity to either agent alone.(Kulukian 2020) Interim results from the MOUNTAINEER study have shown promising activity for TUC and Tras for HER2+ mCRC.(Strickler 2019) The MOUNTAINEER-02 study is evaluating the efficacy and safety of TUC with Tras, ramucirumab (Ram), and paclitaxel (Pac) in pts with HER2+ GEC in the 2nd-line setting. Methods: MOUNTAINEER-02 (NCT04499924) is a phase 2/3 study evaluating TUC + Tras with Ram and Pac. Pts receive TUC 300 mg or placebo PO BID, Tras (6 then 4 mg/kg) or placebo (IV on Days 1 and 15 of each 28-day cycle), Pac (IV on Days 1, 8, 15), and Ram (IV on Days 1 and 15). Eligible pts have locally-advanced unresectable or metastatic HER2+ GEC and have received a HER2-directed antibody and 1 prior line of therapy for advanced disease. Pts must be ≥18 years of age, with an ECOG ≤1, and have had no prior exposure to Ram, anti-HER2 or anti-EGFR TKI, HER2-directed antibody-drug conjugates, or taxanes ≤12 months before enrollment. Due to the potential impact of TUC on Pac metabolism, the study will include an initial Pac dose optimization stage. The open-label phase 2 part will determine the recommended dose of Pac (60 or 80 mg/m²) combined with TUC, Tras, and Ram in 6-18 pts, and evaluate safety and activity of the regimen in Cohorts 2A and 2B (30 pts each). The randomized, double-blind, phase 3 part will compare the efficacy and safety of TUC and Tras (Arm 3A; ̃235 pts) vs. placebo (Arm 3B; ̃235 pts), both in combination with Ram and Pac, and also evaluate activity of TUC with Ram and Pac (Arm 3C; ̃30 pts). The dual primary phase 3 endpoints are OS and PFS per investigator, with confirmed ORR as a key secondary endpoint. HER2 status is determined at baseline using a blood-based NGS assay, and IHC/ISH of fresh or archival tumor biopsies, if available. Pts must be HER2+ by blood-based NGS in Cohort 2A and phase 3; in Cohort 2B, pts must be HER2+ in a biopsy taken post-progression during/after 1st-line therapy, but HER2-negative by blood-based NGS. Disease assessments per RECISTv1.1 will occur q6 weeks for 36 weeks, then q9 weeks. The pharmacokinetics of TUC, Pac, and their metabolites will be evaluated in a subset of pts, including a cohort with gastrectomies. Enrollment in phase 2 is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT04499924.
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Rajole, Sangamesh, K. S. Ravishankar i S. M. Kulkarni. "Study on Ballistic Energy Absorption Capability of Glass-Epoxy and Jute-Epoxy-Rubber Sandwich Composites". Materials Science Forum 928 (sierpień 2018): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.928.14.
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High velocity impact analysis of natural fiber reinforced composites is essential as the trend is focused towards the development of light weight, environment-friendly, non-corrosive and economical materials. At present, the defence, aerospace and automobile sectors are using synthetic fiber composites which are expensive and non-eco-friendly. In the present study ballistic impact of jute-epoxy (JEC), glass-epoxy (GEC), jute-epoxy-rubber (JERC) sandwich composites are simulated with different thickness (1, 2 and 3 mm) and velocity variations (100, 200 and 300m/s) using Finite Element analysis software. Although different approaches to the analysis of the effect response of composite structures are available, numerical modeling is based on strict constitutive models is often preferred because it can provide valuable detailed information about the spatial and temporal distribution of damage during the impact. The ballistic parameters such as energy absorption, ballistic limit and fracture behaviors are predicted. The composite is made of 8 noded linear brick elements and the bullet/projectile is modeled as a discrete rigid element in which deformation behavior, energy absorption and penetration behaviors obtained are clearly represented. The simulation results predicted match well with the analytical results obtained. Among all the combination of the materials simulated, the sandwiches have better ballistic qualities. Energy absorption of sandwich (JERC) was found 67 percentage higher than GEC and 56 percentage higher than JEC laminate. In future, these materials can be the alternative materials for defence sector for bullet proofing.
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Ji, Xiaopeng, i Jennifer Saylor. "242 Sufficient sleep attenuates the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on executive function decline in late adolescents and young adults". Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (1.05.2021): A96—A98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.241.
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Abstract Introduction Executive function (EF), which shows continued development into early adulthood, is essential to build resilience to cope with COVID-19-related social and environmental changes. However, how sleep interacts with the pandemic on affecting EF remains unclear, particularly among late adolescents and young adults. This study examined (1) the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on sleep and EF and (2) whether sleep moderated pandemic-related changes in EF among young people aged 18-21 years old. Methods Between April and May 2020, university students with baseline data on sleep and EF (Spring and Fall semesters in 2019) available were invited to this follow-up study. Sleep duration, mid-sleep times, social jetlag (the difference between mid-sleep times on weekdays and weekends) and sleep latency were assessed using 7-day sleep diaries. Participants also completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Morningness/Eveningness Questionnaire, and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive function which yielded Global Executive Composite (GEC) scores. Paired t-test and multilevel random-effects models (STATA 16.0) estimated the associations. Covariates in multilevel models included age, sex, race, family income, parental education, COVID status, and health behaviors. Results Forty participants (19.25±1.12 years old) had paired data before and during COVID-19 pandemic. Participants slept 24 min longer (t= -2.07, p=0.03) but had increased sleep latency (t=-1.83, p=0.07) during the pandemic compared to pre-COVID baseline. Mid-sleep times shifted 40 min later (t= -3.22, p=0.003) during the pandemic. In multilevel models, GEC scores increased during pandemic (b=3.15, p=0.03) versus baseline, suggesting decreased executive function. Sleep duration (β=-4.72, p=0.03) significantly interacted with assessment time (before/during COVID-19), with increasing sleep duration attenuating the decline in EF during pandemic versus baseline. Although there was no interaction with COVID-19 pandemic, poor sleep quality (PSQI>5) was independently associated with decreased EF (B=4.69, p=0.02). Other sleep variables were not associated with EF nor moderators. Conclusion Compared with pre-COVID-19 baseline, young people report longer sleep duration, later sleep phase, increased sleep latency, and worse executive function during the pandemic. Sufficient sleep represents a resilience factor against executive function decline during this unprecedented crisis. Support (if any) No
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Aldeeri, Ibraheem, Khalid Al-Qahtani, Amal Alshaibi, Norah Alshabib, Ebtihal Alyusuf, Abdullah Alguwaihes, Mohammed Al-Sofiani i Anwar Jammah. "ODP608 Quality of Life and Treatment Satisfaction in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Experiencing Different Models of Care in Saudi Arabia". Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (1.11.2022): A342—A343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.713.
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Abstract Background Little is known about the model of care affecting quality of life(QoL)and treatment satisfaction among people with type 1 diabetes(PWT1D). Objectives To compare QoL, treatment satisfaction and cardiometabolic indices among PWT1D receiving different care models in Saudi Arabia. Methods QoL was measure using Audit of Diabetes Dependent Quality of Life(ADDQoL) and treatment satisfaction was measure using Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire status version(DTSQs). Out of 177 respondents to internet validated Arabic versions of ADDQoL and DTSQs,105 are receiving care at specialized diabetes clinics(SDC), whereas 72 are receiving traditional care at general endocrine clinics(GEC). In SDC,where care is delivered jointly by an interdisciplinary team,PWT1D are evaluated from their first visit simultaneously and thereafter as recommended by 6 care providers: diabetes specialist,educator,podiatrist,nutritionist,optometrist, and mental health specialist, while in GEC, PWT1D will be followed every 6-12months and referred to other services as needed where referrals require a long waiting period. ADDQoL and DTSQs scores,sociodemographic characteristics, and cardiometabolic indices were compared between the two groups. The association between patients’ characteristics and their ADDQoL and DTSQs scores were examined. Results Among the respondents,109(61.6%)females,132(74.6%)never married,136(76.8%) belongs to age group(18-30)years old, with a mean duration of diabetes(11.4±7.5years). Both groups are comparable across nearly all sociodemographic characteristics except for half of the SDC attendees reported higher income categories(≥10000 Saudi Riyals)(51.4%vs. 23.6%,p<0. 001). Compared to participants in GEC, larger proportion of participants in SDC use insulin pump(29% vs. 0%, p<0. 0001),continuous glucose monitoring(CGM)(73.3%vs. 13.9%, p<0. 0001),have higher body mass index(26.3±6.4 kg/m2vs. 24.1±5.1 kg/m2,p=0. 016),and lower HbA1c(8.3±1.6%vs. 9.3±2.4%, p=0. 004). Receiving care in SDC is associated with higher DTSQs score(30.5±5.1vs. 26.2±7.9, p<0. 0001),lower level of negative impact of diabetes on ADDQoL score(-2.2±1.9vs. -3.5±2.4, p<0. 0001). Irrespective of clinic type, using insulin pump and CGM is associated with both higher DTSQs score(insulin pump(32±3.9)vs. MDI(28.5±7), p=0. 029), CGM(30.5±5.5)vs. glucometer(27.9±7.1), or not monitoring (22. 0±9.2), p<0. 0001), and lower negative impact of diabetes on ADDQoL score(insulin pump(-1.3±1.1)vs. MDI(-2.9±2.3), p=0. 002),(CGM (-2.3±2.1)vs. glucometer(-3.1±2.4),or not monitoring(-3.5±2.2), p=0. 036). Another factor associated with a higher DTSQs score is: (being never married (29.3±6.5), or married(28.7±7)vs. divorced/widow(20.6±4.7), p=0. 018), whereas other factors associated with lower level of negative impact of diabetes on ADDQoL score are: (younger age(18-30years(-2.5±2.2),or 31-40years(-3.1±2. 0)vs. >40years(-4.4±2.8), p=0. 013)),(being never married(-2.5±2.1)vs. married(-3.4±2.3),or divorced/window(-4.7±3.3), p=0. 010),(having bachelor degree or more (-2.4±1.9) vs. less than bachelor degrees (secondary school(-3.2±2.7),primary school(-3.9± 4.8),intermediate school(-5. 0±2.4), p=0. 005),and(being student(-2.2±1.9)vs. employed(-3.2±2.4), or unemployed(-3.2±2.5), p=0. 010). Conclusion QoL, treatment satisfaction and glycemic control among PWT1D can be enhanced by providing structured care and using devices(insulin pump and CGM). This necessitates a call for healthcare policymakers to utilize the existing health resources to optimize care for PWT1D. Presentation: No date and time listed
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Strickler, John H., Yoshiaki Nakamura, Takayuki Yoshino, Daniel V. T. Catenacci, Yelena Y. Janjigian, Afsaneh Barzi, Tanios S. Bekaii-Saab i in. "MOUNTAINEER-02: Phase II/III study of tucatinib, trastuzumab, ramucirumab, and paclitaxel in previously treated HER2+ gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma—Trial in Progress." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, nr 3_suppl (20.01.2021): TPS252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.3_suppl.tps252.
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TPS252 Background: Tucatinib (TUC), a highly selective HER2-directed TKI recently approved for HER2+ metastatic breast cancer (MBC), is being developed as a novel therapy for patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and other GI tumors. While trastuzumab (Tras) with chemotherapy is standard in the 1st-line setting for metastatic HER2+ gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GEC), no anti-HER2 therapy has demonstrated an OS benefit over chemotherapy in 2nd-line, possibly due to loss of HER2 expression following Tras-based therapy. In GEC xenograft models, dual targeting of HER2 with TUC and Tras showed superior activity to either agent alone. Interim results from the MOUNTAINEER study have shown promising activity for TUC and Tras in HER2+ mCRC. The MOUNTAINEER-02 study is evaluating the efficacy and safety of TUC in combination with Tras, ramucirumab (Ram), and paclitaxel (Pac) in pts with HER2+ GEC. Methods: MOUNTAINEER-02 (NCT04499924) is a phase 2/3 study evaluating TUC and Tras with the 2nd-line standard of care, Ram and Pac. Pts receive TUC 300 mg or placebo PO BID, Tras (6 then 4 mg/kg) or placebo (IV on Days 1 and 15 of each 28-day cycle), Pac (IV on Days 1, 8, 15), and Ram (IV on Days 1 and 15). Eligible pts have locally-advanced unresectable or metastatic HER2+ GEC, have received a HER2-directed antibody, and 1 prior line of therapy for advanced disease. Pts must be ≥18 years of age, with an ECOG ≤1, and have had no prior exposure to Ram, anti-HER2 or anti-EGFR TKI, HER2-directed antibody-drug conjugates, or taxanes ≤12 months before enrollment. Due to the potential impact of TUC on Pac metabolism, the study will include an initial Pac dose finding stage. The open-label phase 2 part will determine the recommended dose of Pac (60 or 80 mg/m²) combined with TUC, Tras, and Ram in 6-12 patients, and evaluate the safety and activity of the regimen in Cohorts 2A and 2B (30 patients each). The randomized, double-blind, phase 3 part will compare the efficacy and safety of TUC and Tras (Arm 3A; ~235 patients) vs. placebo (Arm 3B; ~235 patients), both in combination with Ram and Pac, and also evaluate activity of TUC with Ram and Pac (Arm 3C; ~30 patients). The dual primary phase 3 endpoints are OS and PFS per investigator, with confirmed ORR as a key secondary endpoint. HER2 status is determined at baseline using a blood-based NGS assay, and IHC/ISH of fresh or archival tumor biopsies, if available. Pts must be HER2+ by blood-based NGS in Cohort 2A and phase 3; in Cohort 2B, pts must be HER2+ in a biopsy taken post-progression during/after 1st-line therapy, but HER2-negative by blood-based NGS. Disease assessments per RECISTv1.1 will occur q6 weeks for 36 weeks, then q9 weeks. The pharmacokinetics of TUC, Pac, and their metabolites will be evaluated in a subset of pts, including a cohort with gastrectomies. Enrollment is ongoing in the U.S. Clinical trial information: NCT04499924.
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Denisenko, Valery V., i Michael J. Rycroft. "WWLLN Data Used to Model the Global Ionospheric Electric Field Generated by Thunderstorms". Annals of Geophysics 65, nr 5 (26.10.2022): PA536. http://dx.doi.org/10.4401/ag-8821.
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Electric currents flowing in the atmospheric global electric circuit (GEC) are closed by ionospheric currents. The physical and mathematical approach to simulate the ionospheric potential which drives these currents has been described in our previous papers. Only the internal electric fields and currents generated by thunderstorms are studied, and without any magnetospheric current sources or generators. The atmospheric conductivity profiles with altitude are empirically determined, and the topography of the Earth’s surface is taken into account. A two-dimensional approximation of the ionospheric conductor is based on the high conductivity along the geomagnetic field; the Pedersen and Hall conductivities are calculated using empirical models. The potentials in the E- and F-layers of the ionosphere are considered to be constant along each magnetic field line. The main progress in comparison with previous versions of the model is obtained through applying the global distribution of thunderstorms obtained from the ground-based World Wide Lightning Location Network. Under typical conditions for July, under low solar activity in 2008, at 18:00 UTC, the calculated maximum potential difference in the ionosphere is 54 V. This newest version of our model contains the equatorial electrojets. There are day-time electrojets, the strengths of which are up to 65 A, and night-time ones (of up to 40 A), while the total current flowing in the GEC is taken to be equal to 1.43 kA in our model to satisfy the Carnegie curve, i.e. the diurnal variation of the vertical electric field at ground level with UTC. The maximum of the electric potential is shifted from Africa to South-East Asia in the new model. The equatorial electrojets also change their position, direction and intensity.
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Thompson, Paul, Susan Hunston, Akira Murakami i Dominik Vajn. "Multi-Dimensional Analysis, text constellations, and interdisciplinary discourse". International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 22, nr 2 (22.09.2017): 153–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.22.2.01tho.
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Abstract Multi-Dimensional Analysis (MDA) has been widely used to explore register variation. This paper reports on a project using MDA to explore the features of an interdisciplinary academic domain. Six dimensions of variation are identified in a corpus of 11,000 journal articles in environmental studies. We then focus on articles in one interdisciplinary journal, Global Environmental Change (GEC). It is expected that these articles will diverge sufficiently to produce differences that are analogous to register differences. Instead of identifying these “registers” on external criteria, we use the dimensional profiles of individual texts to identify ‘constellations’ of texts sharing combinations of features. Six such constellations are derived, consisting of texts with commonalities in their approaches to research: the development of predictive models; quantitative research; discussions of theory and policy; and human-environment studies focusing on individual voices. The identification of these constellations could not have been achieved through an a priori categorisation of texts.
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Karagodin, Arseniy, Eugene Rozanov i Irina Mironova. "On the Possibility of Modeling the IMF By-Weather Coupling through GEC-Related Effects on Cloud Droplet Coalescence Rate". Atmosphere 13, nr 6 (28.05.2022): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13060881.
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The meteorological response to the fluctuation of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), known as the Mansurov effect, is well established. It is hypothesized that the IMF By fluctuation can modulate the atmospheric global electric circuit (GEC) over the polar regions and affect surface meteorology. The influence of electric charges on the rate of droplet coalescence in fair-weather clouds is one of several cloud microphysical mechanisms that have been hypothesized to be involved. However, although meteorological effects associated with IMF By have been observed, the role of cloud droplet coalescence in this solar–weather coupling mechanism has not yet been confirmed. In addition, studies demonstrating the solar wind-driven effects are based on observations without using global climate models to support the IMF By-weather linkage. In this study, we investigate the Mansurov effect over the period 1999–2002 using ensemble experiments modeled with the chemistry-climate model (CCM) SOCOLv3 (SOlar Climate Ozone Links, version 3.0). Using observed IMF By, we model its effect on ground-level air pressure and temperature to examine one of the proposed GEC-cloud hypotheses: that surface meteorology response on IMF By fluctuations occurs through the Jz-associated intensification of cloud droplet coalescence rate. The results showed that we cannot explain and confirm the hypothesis that the rate of cloud droplet coalescence is an intermediate link for the IMF By-weather coupling. Anomalies in surface air pressure and temperature from the control run, where IMF By is omitted, do not robustly differ from experiments in which the dependence of cloud droplet coalescence rate on IMF By is included. In addition, the standard deviation of anomalies in surface air pressure and temperature between ensemble members is consistent with the magnitude of the observed effect even in the control run, suggesting that the model has a strong internal variability that prevents the IMF By effect from being properly detected in the model.
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Calabia, Andres, Chukwuma Anoruo, Munawar Shah, Christine Amory-Mazaudier, Yury Yasyukevich, Charles Owolabi i Shuanggen Jin. "Low-Latitude Ionospheric Responses and Coupling to the February 2014 Multiphase Geomagnetic Storm from GNSS, Magnetometers, and Space Weather Data". Atmosphere 13, nr 4 (24.03.2022): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13040518.
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The ionospheric response and the associated mechanisms to geomagnetic storms are very complex, particularly during the February 2014 multiphase geomagnetic storm. In this paper, the low-latitude ionosphere responses and their coupling mechanisms, during the February 2014 multiphase geomagnetic storm, are investigated from ground-based magnetometers and global navigation satellite system (GNSS), and space weather data. The residual disturbances between the total electron content (TEC) of the International GNSS Service (IGS) global ionospheric maps (GIMs) and empirical models are used to investigate the storm-time ionospheric responses. Three clear sudden storm commencements (SSCs) on 15, 20, and 23 February are detected, and one high speed solar wind (HSSW) event on 19 February is found with the absence of classical SSC features due to a prevalent magnetospheric convection. The IRI-2012 shows insufficient performance, with no distinction between the events and overestimating approximately 20 TEC units (TECU) with respect to the actual quiet-time TEC. Furthermore, the median average of the IGS GIMs TEC during February 2014 shows enhanced values in the southern hemisphere, whereas the IRI-2012 lacks this asymmetry. Three low-latitude profiles extracted from the IGS GIM data revealed up to 20 TECU enhancements in the differential TEC. From these profiles, longer-lasting TEC enhancements are observed at the dip equator profiles than in the profiles of the equatorial ionospheric anomaly (EIA) crests. Moreover, a gradual increase in the global electron content (GEC) shows approximately 1 GEC unit of differential intensification starting from the HSSW event, while the IGS GIM profiles lack this increasing gradient, probably located at higher latitudes. The prompt penetration electric field (PPEF) and equatorial electrojet (EEJ) indices estimated from magnetometer data show strong variability after all four events, except the EEJ’s Asian sector. The low-latitude ionosphere coupling is mainly driven by the variable PPEF, DDEF (disturbance dynamo electric fields), and Joule heating. The auroral electrojet causing eastward PPEF may control the EIA expansion in the Asian sector through the dynamo mechanism, which is also reflected in the solar-quiet current intensity variability.
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Bách, Phạm Tiến, Võ Đại Nhật, Nguyễn Việt Kỳ i Lê Quân. "Maxwell model geotextile encased stone column in soft soil improvement". Science & Technology Development Journal - Engineering and Technology 4, nr 1 (9.04.2021): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjet.v4i1.772.
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In the field of geotechnical – soft soil improvement, the mathematical model or mechanical model is one of the important input parameters for the design calculations or studies. The determination of the appropriateness of the models has a great influence on the accuracy results of design and calculation as well as the sustainable stability of soft ground after improvement. On the contrary, the selection of inadequate calculation models will lead to increased costs of soft soil improvement, possibly even leading to the destabilization of the work and causing immense loss of people and property. Recently, many projects major highway after construction design in use has not meet the requirements of the standard, leading to wasted money and time of individuals, organizations, and the state of post-treatment. Therefore, the research and application of using mathematical or mechanical models in accordance with the new soft soil improvement method will greatly help as well as add additional options for soft soil improvement in Vietnam. The soft soil deformation is not only related to load but also to load time. The change in stress and deformation of weak soil over time is called rheology, and in this study is the viscoelastic behavior. From the above reasons, we try to apply a generalized Maxwell model to explain the viscoelastic behavior of a soft soil. In particular, the time-dependent behavior of a viscoelastic soft soil was represented by using the Maxwell rheological model. The Matlab programming code helps to solve numerically all the equation of the mathematical exhibition of the generalized Maxwell model results. We acknowledge that the generalized Maxwell model is superior in demonstrating the time-dependent behavior of soft soil. The results probably show that this is one of the effective models to predict the behavior of soft soils in ground improvement with GEC.
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Lebedenko, I. M., А. А. Belova, O. A. Kravets i N. V. Mashentseva. "The Use of Radiobiological Models for Later Radiation Damages Assessment for the Cervical Cancer Patients". Journal of oncology: diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy 5, nr 1 (16.03.2022): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37174/2587-7593-2022-5-1-9-17.
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Purpose: To assess the likelihood of late radiation damages after radiotherapy for cervical cancer patients using radiobiological models.Material and methods: The treatment plans of 94 patients at the age from 30 to 39 years (30 %) and from 40 to 49 years (33 %) were analyzed. The patients were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix of 88 people, adenocarcinoma of the cervix — 1 person, mixed types of cancer tissue — 5. The combined radiation therapy course consisted of remote and intracavitary stages. In accordance with the recommendations of the GEC-ESTRO working group on gynecology, the total values of dose loads on organs at risk were found, namely: the bladder, rectum, sigmoid colon in volumes of 0.1; 1; 2, 5 and 10 cm3.Results: The dependences of the accumulated frequency of late radiation injuries, namely cystitis, rectitis and enterocolitis for two modes of irradiation Split and Fraction for the bladder, rectum and sigmoid colon, depending on the radiation dose and the volume of the corresponding organ, were obtained. The dose–effect relationships for the manifestation of cystitis, rectitis and enterocolitis were constructed for both regimes in volumes: 0.1; 1; 2; 5; 10 cm3. The threshold values for the occurrence of radiation damage were estimated for two modes of irradiation for the bladder, rectum and sigmoid colon.Conclusion: There is a decrease in the threshold of complications with an increase in the analyzed volume of irradiation. The threshold values of the probability of radiation injury for the two irradiation modes for the bladder and rectum coincided within ± 5 Gy. In the case of split-split treatment, radiation damage occurs earlier within 5 Gy. No reduction in the likelihood of late radiation injury was found when using this mode. The applied methods of treatment for these two groups of patients are equivalent in terms of the likelihood of late radiation damage and have the right for clinical use.
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Silva, José Carlos Faes da, Danielle Tiemi Simão, Leandro Gregorut Lima, Marcelo Sacramento Cunha, Alexandre Wada, Hugo Nakamoto i Marcus Castro Ferreira. "Modelo experimental de reimplante de membro após isquemia quente em ratos e efeito da estreptoquinase, alopurinol e terapia com oxigênio hiperbárico". Revista de Medicina 80, nr 2-4 (9.12.2001): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v80i2-4p78-88.
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A isquemia prolongada leva a alterações na microcirculação tecidual e liberação de radicais livres do oxigênio conhecidos como fenômeno de não reperfusão. Foi realizado amputação com preservação dos vasos e nervos do membro posterior direito em 110 ratos. Os grupos GM1, GM2, GM3, GM4 e GM5 foram submetidos a isquemia quente de 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 horas. As taxas de sobrevida dos membros isquêmicos após 7 dias de avaliação foram 100%, 80%, 63,6%, 50%, 20%. Os grupos GE1, GE2 e GE3 foram tratados com estreptoquinase, alopurinol e terapia com oxigênio hiperbárico após isquemia de 6 horas. As taxas de sobrevida foram 66,7%, 70% e 30%. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste do Qui-quadrado e considerados significantes quandop<0,05. Os resultados sugerem um aumento significativo da sobrevida de membros isquêmicos após utilização doalopurinol e estreptoquinase. A terapia com oxigênio hiperbárico diminuiu significativamente a sobrevida dos membros isquêmicos.
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Bonet-San-Emeterio, Marta, Maria Bruguera-Jané, Xavier Cetó i Manel del Valle. "Detection of Biogenic Amines in Canned Tuna Using a Voltammetric Electronic Tongue". Engineering Proceedings 6, nr 1 (21.05.2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/i3s2021dresden-10169.
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Biogenic amines (BAs), which are produced naturally due to the decomposition of amino acids, are crucial for the food industry because its formation is directly related to improper storage and the presence of bacteria. High concentrations of BAs can be easily related with the quality and spoilage of the products of this sector. The necessity to quickly and efficiently quantify these targets makes mandatory the use of alternatives to conventional analytical methods used up to now. For example, the combination of sensors with chemometric tools (known as electronic tongue) are a promising alternative for quick and informative analysis in the food sector. Chemometric tools allow us to develop models for the quantification of specific compounds in a complex matrix, making it a feasible tool for the development of more user-friendly methods than the traditional ones. In this context, the work presents an electronic tongue created for the detection of histamine, cadaverine and tyramine using a set of five modified GEC (graphite epoxy composite) electrodes: ZnO NPs, CuO NPs, SnO2 NPs, Bi2O3 NPs, and polypyrrole, as the voltammetric multisensor array. The chemometric model was obtained with an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with 51 input neurons, five neurons in the hidden layer and three neurons in the output layer. The functions used for the hidden and output layers were tansig and purelin, respectively. The results show slopes near to 1 and intercepts close to 0, indicating the feasibility of the model.
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Makri, R., M. Gargalakos i N. K. Uzunoglu. "Design and Development of Monolithic Microwave Integrated Amplifiers and Coupling Circuits for Telecommunication Systems Applications". Active and Passive Electronic Components 25, nr 1 (2002): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08827510211275.
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Recent advances in printed circuit and packaging technology of microwave and millimeter wave circuits result to the increasing use of MMICs in telecommunication systems. At Microwave and Fiber Optics Lab of NTUA several designs of various MMICs were conducted using the HP Eesof CAD Tool and FET and HEMT models of F20 and H40 GaAs foundry process of GEC Marconi. The designed MMICs are constructed in Europractice Organization while on-wafer probe measurements are performed in the Lab. In that framework, MMIC technologies are employed in the design of power and low noise amplifiers and couplers to be used for mobile and wireless communications as well as remote sensing and radar applications. A medium power linear FET amplifier has been designed with combining techniques on a single chip. The circuit operates at 14.4–15.2 GHz with an input power of−15dB m, a 36 dB total gain, while the input and output VSWR is less than 1.6. Due to high cost of MMIC fabrication only the first subunit was manufactured and tests verified the simulation results. Additionally, novel techniques have been used for the design of two coupling networks at 10 GHz in order to minimize the area occupied. A meander-kind design as well as shunt capacitors were implemented for a90°quadrature coupler and a Wilkinson one in order to reduce size. Finally, a two stages low noise amplifier was designed with the use of H40 GaAs process in order the differences between the relevant designs to be explored. The key specifications for this MMIC LNA include operation at 10 GHz with a total gain of 17 dB while the noise figure is less than 1.5 dB.
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Wang, Xiuhua, i Weixuan Zhong. "Research and Implementation of English Grammar Check and Error Correction Based on Deep Learning". Scientific Programming 2022 (18.01.2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4082082.
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English as a universal language in the world will get more and more attention, but English is not our mother tongue, and there exist differences in culture and thinking. English grammar is the most difficult problem to solve. There are many English learners, and the number of English teachers is limited, and it is inevitable to use Internet technology to solve the problem of lack of resources. The article uses deep learning technology to propose an ASS grammar detection model, which can quickly and efficiently detect grammatical errors. The research results show the following. (1) This study selects data from the GEC evaluation task and analyzes the four modules of article, noun, verb, and preposition through algorithms under different models. The results indicate the accuracy of the four modules. The recall rate has been improved to a certain extent, the accuracy rate of nouns is the highest, which can reach 63.99%, the accuracy rate of prepositions is improved to a lesser extent, and the inspection accuracy rate after improvement is 12.79%. (2) In the experiment to verify the effectiveness of the ASS grammar detection model, compared with the detection effect of the ordinary model, the accuracy of the ASS comprehensive inspection has been greatly improved. The comprehensive accuracy of the ordinary detection model is 28.01%, and the ASS model’s comprehensive accuracy rate of the inspection was 82.82%, and the accuracy rate was increased by 54.81%. The result shows that the performance of the ASS inspection model has been improved by leaps and bounds compared with the traditional model. (3) After transforming and upgrading the ASS model, the three models and other models obtained were run on the test set and the mixed test set, respectively. The results show that the accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score of ASS model are the highest in the test set, which are 98.71%, 98.83%, 98.64%, and 98.73%, respectively, the Bayesian network check model has the lowest accuracy rate of 51.74%, and the ROC curve value and AUC value of the ASS model are both the largest. The accuracy of the ASS model on the mixed test set is also the highest, reaching 98.01%. The JaSt model on the mixed test set has a significant downward trend, with the accuracy rate dropping from 92.16% to 56.68%. It can be concluded that the ASS model can accurately and efficiently monitor grammatical errors.
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Callegare, Ana Rita Catelan, i Vinícius Sittoni Brasil. "A gestão da experiência do cliente no varejo". REBRAE 5, nr 2 (20.07.2012): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/rebrae.7351.
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Diversos autores destacam o papel central dos componentes experienciais no consumo, e significativos esforços de pesquisa em marketing são direcionados ao entendimento das experiências de consumo sob a ótica do consumidor. Porém a implantação da Gestão da Experiência do Cliente (GEC), pelas empresas, tem recebido menor atenção. Schmitt, Prahalad e Ramaswamy destacam a necessidade de as empresas planejarem adequadamente a proposta experiencial, estruturando mecanismos capazes de proporcionar ao consumidor a oportunidade de cocriar valor, a partir de suas interações com empresa, marca ou produto. Este artigo se propõe a discutir um caso de implantação da GEC no contexto varejista. A partir de entrevistas com gestores, observação em lojas e análise de dados secundários, buscou-se contrapor a proposta da empresa com os modelos teóricos, em particular do Modelo DART. Os resultados apontam para a boa convergência entre teoria e prática, demonstrando as características individuais da experiência, bem como sustenta a GEC como uma opção ao posicionamento estratégico no varejo. Igualmente, identificam-se elementos alinhados com o Modelo DART.
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Callegare, Ana Rita Catelan, i Vinícius Sittoni Brasil. "A gestão da experiência do cliente no varejo". REBRAE 5, nr 2 (20.07.2012): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/rebrae.v5i2.13805.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Diversos autores destacam o papel central dos componentes experienciais no consumo, e significativos esforços de pesquisa em marketing são direcionados ao entendimento das experiências de consumo sob a ótica do consumidor. Porém a implantação da Gestão da Experiência do Cliente (GEC), pelas empresas, tem recebido menor atenção. Schmitt, Prahalad e Ramaswamy destacam a necessidade de as empresas planejarem adequadamente a proposta experiencial, estruturando mecanismos capazes de proporcionar ao consumidor a oportunidade de cocriar valor, a partir de suas interações com empresa, marca ou produto. Este artigo se propõe a discutir um caso de implantação da GEC no contexto varejista. A partir de entrevistas com gestores, observação em lojas e análise de dados secundários, buscou-se contrapor a proposta da empresa com os modelos teóricos, em particular do Modelo DART. Os resultados apontam para a boa convergência entre teoria e prática, demonstrando as características individuais da experiência, bem como sustenta a GEC como uma opção ao posicionamento estratégico no varejo. Igualmente, identificam-se elementos alinhados com o Modelo DART.
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Haroli, Mahesh, SP Ramanathan, GA Dheebakaran, V. Geethalakshmi, J. S. Kennedy i M. R. Duraisamy. "Studies on the relationship of weather on Fall armyworm damage in maize (Zea mays L.) under different growing environments". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 15, nr 2 (20.06.2023): 844–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i2.4635.
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Fall armyworm is a recently occurring invasive pest in India, the most important defoliator causing drastic damage to maize production. Hence, the present study aimed to understand the temporal infestation level of Fall armyworms on maize (Zea mays L.) with weather patterns. Field experiments were conducted during Summer (February-May) and Rainy seasons, 2022 (August-December) at Agro Climate Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Three different growing environments (GE1, GE2 and GE3) were created by providing staggered sowing. Regression models were developed for per cent leaf damage against three-days lagged (LT3) and seven-day lagged (LT7) weather variables. Results showed that irrespective of growing environments, weather variables showed negative correlation (Tmax: r = -0.57, -0.81*, -0.31; SSH: -0.30, -0.48, -0.39; Tmean: -0.49, -0.23, -0.30; and SR: -0.48, -0.94*, -0.40) during summer season whereas same variables (i.e Tmax =0.62*, 0.41, 0.33; SSH = 0.09, 0.68*, 0.24; Tmean = 0.29, 0.32, 0.44; and SR=0.13, 0 .67*, 0.26 ) showed a positive correlation with PLD. Rainfall exhibits positive relation (0.06, 0.54, 0.53) and negative correlation (-0.64*, -0.10, -0.02) during summer and rainy season, respectively. Among the regression models, LT7 model had higher R2 (0.65 and 0.76) than LT3 (0.57 and 0.68) during summer and rainy seasons, respectively. These models had good regression values of 0.56 and 0.70 during Rainy and Summer, respectively. It was concluded that Tmax (32.9 °C), Tmin (23.7 °C), Tmean (28.3 °C), RH-I (85.6%), RH-II (56.4%), SSH (4.1), SR (274.6 cal cm-2 m-2), afternoon cloud cover (4.8 okta) and weekly total rainfall (10.2 mm) were very conducive for the greater leaf damage.
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Jiménez Pitre, Iris Agustina, i Segrith Ospino González. "Estilos de aprendizaje, gerencia estratégica y las herramientas TIC. Una triada para la gestión del conocimiento". Revista Tecnológica-Educativa Docentes 2.0 7, nr 2 (16.09.2019): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37843/rted.v7i2.76.
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El objetivo de esta investigación fue proponer un modelo de Gerencia Estratégica del Conocimiento (GEC) basado en las herramientas TIC según las teorías de Ned Herrmann. La investigación fue descriptiva no experimental-transeccional, de campo, con una población de 106 docentes y directivos de instituciones educativas de Riohacha; se aplicó un instrumento con 48 ítems y cinco alternativas de respuestas; la confiabilidad determinada por el Coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach (GEC= 0,80 / TIC= 0,81). Los resultados que arrojó el GEC, en el componente estratégico en una categoría alta. Se observó mayores fortalezas en los aspectos de la supervisión y el liderazgo; los estilos de aprendizaje que serán asumidos en la aplicación de herramientas TIC, se determinó mayor enfoque con el estilo de aprendizaje cortical izquierdo. Los tipos de herramientas TIC, fueron valoradas en una categoría moderada. En relación a conformar el modelo de GEC fueron estructuradas propuestas alineadas.
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Raupp, Sabrina Weiss, Altair Borgert, Patrícia Nunes i Mara Juliana Ferrari. "O processo de implementação da gestão estratégica de custos em uma empresa estatal de energia elétrica". Revista Eletrônica de Estratégia & Negócios 5, nr 1 (11.05.2012): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/reen.v5e12012137-166.
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O presente artigo tem como objetivo investigar a aderência do modelo de Gestão Estratégica de Custos (GEC) implementado em uma empresa estatal de energia elétrica ao modelo proposto por Shank e Govindarajan, sob a ótica dos gestores e empregados. São considerados dez fatores, internos e externos à organização, derivados de três temas centrais: análise da cadeia de valor, análise do posicionamento estratégico e análise dos direcionadores de custos. O estudo de caso possui características descritivas, de natureza qualitativa, cuja coleta de dados se baseia em entrevista semiestruturada, levantamento e observação participante, aplicado na Eletrosul Centrais Elétricas S.A., especificamente na área de “gestão do processo de GEC”. Para tal, foi realizada a análise de conteúdo das informações levantadas nos documentos formais e comparadas com o praticado (identificado nas entrevistas).Concluiu-se que o modelo de GEC já foi implementado parcialmente na Empresa e existe certo consenso entre os entrevistados dos três níveis hierárquicos de que: i) a análise da cadeia de valor concentra fatores que facilitam e, ao mesmo tempo, dificultam a implementação do modelo; ii) a análise do posicionamento estratégico concentra os fatores que estão mais estruturados; e iii) a análise dos direcionadores de custos concentra os fatores que mais dificultam a completa implementação da GEC.
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Tarrío-Saavedra, Javier, Elena Orois i Salvador Naya. "Estudio métrico sobre la actividad investigadora usando el software libre R: el caso del sistema universitario gallego". Investigación Bibliotecológica: archivonomía, bibliotecología e información, sp1 (19.01.2018): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iibi.24488321xe.2017.nesp1.57891.
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Este trabajo representa una nueva alternativa para el estudio, clasificación y comparación de la producción científica de centros de investigación, utilizando las funciones de tratamiento de datos del paquete Citan del software estadístico R. En particular, se muestra el análisis bibliométrico de las publicaciones de las universidades de A Coruña, Santiago de Compostela y Vigo, en el periodo 2000-2011, recopiladas por la base de datos Scopus. Entre las técnicas usadas se aplicaron modelos de Lotka y Price, modelización no paramétrica y paramétrica de los datos, así como el cálculo y análisis de indicadores de la cantidad y calidad de la producción científica, los índices h y g, y otros menosconocidos como los rp1, lp, Ge1, Ge5 y Slp1. Como novedad, se propone una variante del índice h (hh) que define el grupo de investigadores que forman la élitemás productiva de cada universidad y estima su calidad investigadora.AbstractThis work represents a new alternative for the study, classification and comparison of the scientific production corresponding to research entities. It consists on the application of statistical data processing functions available in the R software’s Citan package. In particular, the bibliometric study of publications of universities of A Coruña, Santiago de Compostela and Vigo, in the period 2000-2011, compiled by the Scopus database. The study was conducted using the statistical analysis of the data, the application of models of Lotka and Price, nonparametric and parametric modeling (Pareto) of the data, and the calculation and analysis of indicators of the scientific production like the h and g indexes, and others lesser known as rp1, lp, Ge1, Ge5 and Slp1. A novelty consists in a variant of the h index (hh) that defines the group of researchers who are the most productive of each university, the elite, and estimates the researching quality of such representative elites.
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Medica, Davide, Rossana Franzin, Alessandra Stasi, Giuseppe Castellano, Massimiliano Migliori, Vincenzo Panichi, Federico Figliolini, Loreto Gesualdo, Giovanni Camussi i Vincenzo Cantaluppi. "Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Endothelial Progenitor Cells Protect Human Glomerular Endothelial Cells and Podocytes from Complement- and Cytokine-Mediated Injury". Cells 10, nr 7 (2.07.2021): 1675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10071675.
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Glomerulonephritis are renal inflammatory processes characterized by increased permeability of the Glomerular Filtration Barrier (GFB) with consequent hematuria and proteinuria. Glomerular endothelial cells (GEC) and podocytes are part of the GFB and contribute to the maintenance of its structural and functional integrity through the release of paracrine mediators. Activation of the complement cascade and pro-inflammatory cytokines (CK) such as Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) can alter GFB function, causing acute glomerular injury and progression toward chronic kidney disease. Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPC) are bone-marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells circulating in peripheral blood and able to induce angiogenesis and to repair injured endothelium by releasing paracrine mediators including Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), microparticles involved in intercellular communication by transferring proteins, lipids, and genetic material (mRNA, microRNA, lncRNA) to target cells. We have previously demonstrated that EPC-derived EVs activate an angiogenic program in quiescent endothelial cells and renoprotection in different experimental models. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro the protective effect of EPC-derived EVs on GECs and podocytes cultured in detrimental conditions with CKs (TNF-α/IL-6) and the complement protein C5a. EVs were internalized in both GECs and podocytes mainly through a L-selectin-based mechanism. In GECs, EVs enhanced the formation of capillary-like structures and cell migration by modulating gene expression and inducing the release of growth factors such as VEGF-A and HGF. In the presence of CKs, and C5a, EPC-derived EVs protected GECs from apoptosis by decreasing oxidative stress and prevented leukocyte adhesion by inhibiting the expression of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin). On podocytes, EVs inhibited apoptosis and prevented nephrin shedding induced by CKs and C5a. In a co-culture model of GECs/podocytes that mimicked GFB, EPC-derived EVs protected cell function and permeselectivity from inflammatory-mediated damage. Moreover, RNase pre-treatment of EVs abrogated their protective effects, suggesting the crucial role of RNA transfer from EVs to damaged glomerular cells. In conclusion, EPC-derived EVs preserved GFB integrity from complement- and cytokine-induced damage, suggesting their potential role as therapeutic agents for drug-resistant glomerulonephritis.
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Egan, Kevin P., Sita Awasthi, Giulia Tebaldi, Lauren M. Hook, Alexis M. Naughton, Bernard T. Fowler, Mitchell Beattie i in. "A Trivalent HSV-2 gC2, gD2, gE2 Nucleoside-Modified mRNA-LNP Vaccine Provides Outstanding Protection in Mice against Genital and Non-Genital HSV-1 Infection, Comparable to the Same Antigens Derived from HSV-1". Viruses 15, nr 7 (30.06.2023): 1483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15071483.
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HSV-1 disease is a significant public health burden causing orofacial, genital, cornea, and brain infection. We previously reported that a trivalent HSV-2 gC2, gD2, gE2 nucleoside-modified mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccine provides excellent protection against vaginal HSV-1 infection in mice. Here, we evaluated whether this HSV-2 gC2, gD2, gE2 vaccine is as effective as a similar HSV-1 mRNA LNP vaccine containing gC1, gD1, and gE1 in the murine lip and genital infection models. Mice were immunized twice with a total mRNA dose of 1 or 10 µg. The two vaccines produced comparable HSV-1 neutralizing antibody titers, and surprisingly, the HSV-2 vaccine stimulated more potent CD8+ T-cell responses to gE1 peptides than the HSV-1 vaccine. Both vaccines provided complete protection from clinical disease in the lip model, while in the genital model, both vaccines prevented death and genital disease, but the HSV-1 vaccine reduced day two vaginal titers slightly better at the 1 µg dose. Both vaccines prevented HSV-1 DNA from reaching the trigeminal or dorsal root ganglia to a similar extent. We conclude that the trivalent HSV-2 mRNA vaccine provides outstanding protection against HSV-1 challenge at two sites and may serve as a universal prophylactic vaccine for HSV-1 and HSV-2.
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Deulefeu, Flávio Clemente. "IMPACTO ECONÔMICO ENTRE DOIS MODELOS DE COMPRAS PÚBLICAS: CENTRALIZADO E DESCENTRALIZADO". Revista Gestão & Saúde 10, nr 3 (30.09.2019): 278–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/gs.v10i3.26410.
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Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar impacto econômico entre modelos de gestão de compra centralizada e descentralizada. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, fundamentado em manuais operacionais e dados de compras de medicamentos de instituições da administração pública, uma com modelo de gestão de compras centralizada (GCC) e outro com modelo de gestão de compras descentralizado (GCD), no período de 2013 a 2015. A razão custo-efetividade incremental (RCEI) foi calculada através média anual da diferença dos custos totais de cada modelo sobre diferença dos tempos operacionais. Analisou-se 14 medicamentos de maior aquisição conforme curva ABC. Quando multiplicado total adquirido por medicamento entre os modelos pelo preço médio do triênio, houveuma redução 30,23% na GCC. A média anual da diferença do total dos custos R$ 24.124.183,42 e a diferença de tempo operacional 150 dias. A RCEI calculada R$160.827,89 por dia, significando menos custo e maior efetividade do GCC. Com isso pode-se concluir que a GCC mostrou-se mais eficiente, devido ter apresentado menor custo e menor tempo de aquisição no período analisado.