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1
Truta, Marian, Octavian Fieraru, Radu Vilau, Valentin Vinturis i Marin Marinescu. "Static and Dynamic Analysis of a Planetary Gearbox Working Process". Advanced Materials Research 837 (listopad 2013): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.837.489.
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Present paper focuses on the power circuits within planetary gearboxes, providing an original mathematical model. This model is an excellent instrument to analyze and determine the torque, angular speed, power factors, global gear ratios and efficiency distribution. The analysis itself has been developed for the second-gear, forward-motion of the gearbox. The analysis provides the mathematical model of the gearboxs way of working both in the static and dynamic modes. The method starts with issuing the equivalent graph (network structure) of the gearbox. Using this model, the gearbox is associated to a power driveline network that both transforms and guides the power flow to the final transmission of the vehicle. Using the network structural model, the gearbox turns into a general nodal diagram (graph). Our study concerned both the static and dynamic modes. It consists in a mathematical determination of the cinematic (angular speed) and dynamic (torque) factors that charge the gearboxs components. The mathematical model takes into account the power losses and the inertia occurring within the entire network and their influences upon the general power distribution. Using the model, we could get accurate results of the torque and power distribution. Moreover, the model provides the map of the power distribution when the gearbox works in its second gear, emphasizing the difference between the analysis performed for the two above mentioned working regimes (static and dynamic). The results can be further used as entry points for a much more complex mathematical model that describes the dynamic features of the vehicle.
2
Gong, Jingyi, Geng Liu, Bing Yuan, Lan Liu, Long Yang i Fukang Wu. "Coupled dynamics characteristics analysis of the marine multi-gearbox system under multi-source excitation". Advances in Mechanical Engineering 14, nr 4 (kwiecień 2022): 168781322210929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878132221092999.
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The marine multi-gearbox system has the characteristics of multi-source excitation and multi-gearbox coupled. The interaction among gearboxes is inevitable. To reveal the coupled mechanism, a coupled dynamic model of multi-gearbox system is proposed in this paper by the generalized finite element method and the substructure method. The dynamic model of each gearbox in the multi-gearbox system is also established. Under the same working conditions, the dynamic response of single gearbox and multi-gearbox system are obtained. The results show that the adjacent gear pairs of adjacent gearboxes are more affected by the coupled effect at low rotational speed. Compared with single gearbox, the RMS curve of multi-gearbox system of meshing forces generates some new resonance peaks, which are caused by the new modes excited by the mesh frequencies of adjacent gearboxes. The dynamic response of gear pairs which are greatly affected by coupled effect are more sensitive to the change of stiffness of couplings. Reducing the stiffness of the couplings can weaken the coupled effect of the system, and vice versa. The change of housing stiffness does not influence the coupled effect of the multi-gearbox system, and the new modes and resonance peaks generated by the coupled effect have not changed significantly.
3
Bligh, A. O., Noor A. Ahmed i Y. Y. Zheng. "Design and Manufacture of a Planetary Gearbox Rig". Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (wrzesień 2013): 176–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.176.
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Planetary gearboxes are required in many applications but have a high failure rate especially in wind turbines where rapid growth in turbine size is placing larger demands on the gearboxes. Current condition monitoring techniques are less effective at detecting faults in planetary gearboxes due to the complexity of the internal rotating components. A small scale planetary gearbox was, therefore, needed for testing on a gearbox test rig to develop a more effective method of condition monitoring. The detailed computer design and manufacture of the planetary gearbox for this purpose is detailed in this paper.
4
Lin, Deng-Fa, Po-Hung Chen i Mike Williams. "Measurement and Analysis of Current Signals for Gearbox Fault Recognition of Wind Turbine". Measurement Science Review 13, nr 2 (1.04.2013): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msr-2013-0010.
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This paper presents a novel solution method based on measurement and analysis of current signals for gearbox fault recognition of wind turbine. A gearbox with typical oil-leakage fault is purposely made. The oil-leakage gearbox and a normal gearbox are used as experimental models to measure and analyze the current signals of generator. This work employs wavelet transform (WT), empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and fast Fourier transform (FFT) to analyze the current signals for both the oil-leakage and the normal gearboxes. K-nearest neighbors (KNN) is used on automatic fault recognition. First, the normal gearbox and the oilleakage gearbox are separately applied to practical power platform experiments. Second, empirical mode decomposition is applied on analyzing the intrinsic mode function (IMF) of the current signals, and fast Fourier transform is used to get the intrinsic mode function spectrum. Finally, the features of the spectrum are extracted, and K-nearest neighbors is used on gearbox fault recognition of wind turbine. Experimental results indicate that the proposed solution method can effectively recognize the oilleakage fault of gearboxes.
5
Dechen, Yao, Limin Jia, Yong Qin i Yang Jianwei. "A Method for Railway Gearbox Faults Detection Based on Time- Frequency Feature Parameters and Genetic Algorithm Neural Network". Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 8, nr 1 (16.09.2014): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874155x01408010349.
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Early identification of faults in railway gearboxes is a challenging task in gearbox fault detection. There are extensive studies, such as patents and papers have been fully developed for processing vibration signals to obtain diagnostic information about gearbox. We have proposed a new technique for detecting faults in the railway gearbox by applying the time frequency parameters and genetic algorithm neural network to deal with railway gearbox fault signals. In this method, wavelet analysis and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) are carried out on gearbox vibration signals for extracting the time-frequency feature parameters. Then genetic algorithm neural network (GNN) is used for the classifications of the time-frequency feature parameters. The analysis results show that the effectiveness and the high recognition rate in classifying different faults of railway gearboxes.
6
Rakhit, A. K. "An Improved Epicyclic Gearbox for Reduced and Controllable Subsynchronous Vibrations in Gas Turbogenerator Applications". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 119, nr 3 (1.07.1997): 640–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2817032.
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An improvement is made to the design of an epicyclic gearbox that limits the dynamic eccentricities of gearbox components. Gearboxes were manufactured to the new design and tested, showed reduced levels of subsynchronous vibrations at the turbine bearings. The in-situ balancing feature of the gearbox is also found to be very effective in reducing these vibrations further. The improved gearboxes not only assured the service life of the turbine bearings, but also increased the success rate of package testing the first time with substantial cost savings.
7
Miao, Qiang, i Qinghua Zhou. "Planetary Gearbox Vibration Signal Characteristics Analysis and Fault Diagnosis". Shock and Vibration 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/126489.
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Planetary gearboxes are widely used in helicopters, wind turbines, mining machinery, and so forth. The structure and motion type of a planetary gearbox are more complex in comparison with a fixed-shaft one, which makes condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of planetary gearbox a challenging issue in practical applications. In order to understand the fundamental nature of planetary gearbox vibration, this paper conducts an investigation on vibration characteristics of a single-stage planetary gearbox. Assuming that the gearbox and the sensor revolve inversely at the speed of planet carrier, the problem can be transformed into two easier parts: research on fixed-shaft gearbox signal model and research on influence of sensor spinning. Based on this assumption, a vibration signal model of planetary gearbox is obtained. Experimental data are used to validate the model.
8
Yue, Xiao Feng, i Cheng Wei Zhu. "The Application and Research of Order Analysis in Gearbox Fault Diagnosis". Applied Mechanics and Materials 635-637 (wrzesień 2014): 844–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.844.
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This paper researched the failure mechanism of the gearbox and resample algorithm in order analysis. For diagnosing the types of gearbox’s fault by analyzing the acquisition of vibration signal and extracting the fault characteristics of the gear. A function that relation gearbox vibration signal amplitude to order and shaft speed and transform from the time domain signal to angular domain signal was deduced. The MQ250 gearbox model was applied for the experimental analysis in this paper, the fault mechanism function of this gearbox has been successfully verified and the gearbox fault characteristic information has been extracted.
9
Sharipov, V. M., M. I. Dmitriyev, A. S. Zenin, I. A. Malanin i I. A. Smirnov. "On the slipping of friction clutches during gear shifting without interruption of power flow in gearboxes of cars and tractors". Traktory i sel hozmashiny 82, nr 6 (15.06.2015): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-65386.
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The article considers the slipping process of friction clutches in gearboxes of cars and tractors during gear shifting without interruption of power flow. It is proved that the gear shifting process in gearbox without power flow interruption occurs when clutch friction discs of engaged gear are slipping and discs of disengaging gear are closed. At this, the value of torque transmitted by disengaging friction clutch in gearbox depends on a value of frictional moment of engaging friction clutch. The results of this article also apply to composite gearboxes such as DSG (Direct Shift Gearbox).
10
KRESELYUK, Yuri V. "Analysis of the problems of mechanical gearboxes of transport systems and their solution using a magnetic sensor". Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 2021, nr 4 (grudzień 2021): 561–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2021-4-561-570.
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Objective: Increasing reliability of mechanical gearboxes using a magnetic sensor, which will sig nifi cantly increase the reliability of transport mechanisms and systems in general. Methods: An analysis of incidents covered in the media was carried out. Results: Conclusions are drawn about the consequences of failure of mechanical gearboxes. To prevent emergency situations caused by a breakdown of a mechanical gearbox, it is proposed to use a magnetic sensor, which allows carrying out analysis and diagnostics of the gearbox and its components during operation. A mathematical model of a magnetic sensor is compiled and a block diagram of a device for processing the output signal of the sensor modulator is presented. Practical importance: Failure of a mechanical gearbox is a common problem that leads to a stop of transport mechanisms and systems. Detection of a mechanical gearbox malfunction can signifi cantly reduce the cost of repairs, as well as prevent unexpected damage to the mechanism, which can lead to a complete stop of the transport system. The use of a magnetic sensor in the traction gearbox of an electric train will reduce the likelihood of a traction gearbox breakdown during operation and reduce the cost of repairs, increase the reliability of the traction drive, and also simplify the commissioning of new electric trains and traction gearboxes.
11
Кучкаров, Владимир, Vladimir Kuchkarov, Дмитрий Демидов i Dmitriy Demidov. "HISTORICAL REVIEW OF DESIGN DEVELOPMENT OF MOTOR CAR GEARBOXES". Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2017, nr 1 (31.03.2017): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24903.
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The paper reports the review in the development of motor car gearbox design. The main task consists in the detection of the reasons for changes in gearbox design for the definition of the field for gearbox substantiated application in motor car design.
In the main part the advantages and shortcomings of manual, automated, infinitely variable and automatic gearboxes are under consideration. There are shown and analyzed functional diagrams of gearbox designs considered.
In the conclusion it is pointed out that the most promising design of a gearbox is a robot gearbox with two clutches allowing the assurance of the absence of power flow break; the smoothness of gear shifts and smoothness of motion; comfort of control; high fuel efficiency; high tractiondynamic characteristics.
12
Lee, Geun-Ho, Young-Jun Park, Ju-Seok Nam, Joo-Young Oh i Jeong-Gil Kim. "Design of a Mechanical Power Circulation Test Rig for a Wind Turbine Gearbox". Applied Sciences 10, nr 9 (7.05.2020): 3240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093240.
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We developed a mechanical power circulation test rig for a wind turbine gearbox with a power rating of 5.8 MW or less. The test rig consists of an electric motor, two auxiliary gearboxes, a torque-applying device, lubrication systems, cooling systems, and control systems. The torque generating device consists of a planetary gearbox and a hydraulic control system and is used to apply the desired torque to the test gearbox. The hydraulic control system applies the torque on the ring gear of the planetary gearbox. The gears and bearings of the two auxiliary gearboxes and planetary gearboxes met the design criteria for a safety factor of over 1.2 and a bearing life of 30,000 h. In addition, the master and slave gearboxes were connected to the test rig to verify whether the torque-applying device had applied variable torque in real-time during the test. The device was only able to induce a variable torque of up to 45.2 kN-m due to the limitation of the rated torque of the master and slave gearboxes. The test rig can test not only efficiency, vibration, and noise but also durability and overloading.
13
Anh, Le Hoang, Nguyen Hong Linh, Nguyen Huu Quang, Pham Duc Lam, Nguyen Anh Tuan, Nguyen Khac Tuan, Nguyen Thi Thanh Nga i Vu Ngoc Pi. "Cost optimization of two-stage helical gearboxes with second stage double gear-sets". EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, nr 6 (18.11.2021): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001855.
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In practice, the cost of a gearbox plays a very important role in the trade. Therefore, reducing the cost of gearboxes is an important task not only when manufacturing the gearboxes but also when designing them. In order to reduce the cost of a gearbox, there are many solutions in which determining the optimal partial gear ratios of a gearbox is an effective measure. This is because it not only the size, the mass but also the cost of a gearbox depends greatly on the partial gear ratios. This work presents a method for calculating the cost function of two-stage helical gearboxes with second-stage double gear-sets based on the mass of the components that construct the gearbox. The cost objective function is minimized to achieve the optimal transmission ratios. Furthermore, screening experiments are carried out with nine important input parameters that have significant effects on the optimum transmission ratio of the second stage. These parameters are the total gearbox ratio, the coefficient of wheel face width of the first stage, coefficient of wheel face width of the second stage, the allowable contact stress of the first stage, the allowable contact stress of the second stage, the output torque, the cost of gearbox housing, the cost of gears, and the shaft cost. The experimental results of were analysed by using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method with the help of Minitab 19 software. The results demonstrate that the effective weight of the input parameters and their interactions on the output response was investigated. Also, a regression model for computing the optimal transmission ratio of the second stage was proposed. This brings significance not only in the design process but also in manufacturing since the gearbox cost can decrease
14
Su, Hongsheng, Dantong Wang i Xuping Duan. "Condition Maintenance Decision of Wind Turbine Gearbox Based on Stochastic Differential Equation". Energies 13, nr 17 (31.08.2020): 4480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174480.
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Maintenance decision analysis is necessary to ensure the safe and stable operation of wind turbine equipment. To address gearboxes with a high failure rate in wind turbines, this paper establishes a new stochastic differential equation model of gearbox state transition to maximize the utilization of gearboxes. This model divides the state of the gearbox into two parts: internal degradation and external random interference. Weibull distribution and polynomial approximation were used to construct the internal degradation model of the gearbox. The external random interference is simulated by Brownian motion. On the basis of the analysis of monitoring data, the parameters of the gearbox state model were solved using the Newton–Raphson iterative method and entropy method. The state change of the gearbox was simulated in MATLAB, and the residual value between the predicted state and the real state was calculated. Compared with the state transformation model constructed by the traditional ordinary differential equation and the gamma distribution, the Weibull polynomial approximation stochastic model can better reflect the state of the device. With reliability set as the decision goal, the maintenance time of the gearbox is predicted, and the validity of the model is verified through case analysis.
15
Li, Zhang, Xing Dong Wang, Chang Yi Hu, Chi Zhong Chen i Li Ming. "Vibration Test and Fault Diagnosis for Main Hoist Gearbox of Heavy Casting Crane". Applied Mechanics and Materials 532 (luty 2014): 374–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.532.374.
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In view of the structure and running characteristics of gearbox of large and special crane, we have respectively carried out vibration test of fault and free-fault gearbox containing planetary gear in the work. With the help of Matlab engineering software, we can read and process the collected vibration signal of gearbox and draw the time-domain and frequency-domain graph. Through the comparative analysis of vibration information of gearboxes, we can determine the link between fault type and signal characteristic value, effectively realize the fault diagnosis of gearbox.
16
Jammu, V. B., K. Danai i D. G. Lewicki. "Structure-Based Connectionist Network for Fault Diagnosis of Helicopter Gearboxes". Journal of Mechanical Design 120, nr 1 (1.03.1998): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826659.
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A new method of diagnosis is introduced for helicopter gearboxes that relies on the knowledge of the gearbox “structure” and characteristics of the “features” of vibration for component fault isolation. Both the structural knowledge and featural knowledge in this method are defined as the fuzzy weights of a connectionist network that maps each sampled set of vibration features, obtained from a signal analyzer, into fault possibility values associated with individual gearbox components. The structural weights in this network are defined to represent the influence of gearbox component faults on the overall vibration sensed by each accelerometer, and the featural weights are defined to denote the influence of components faults on individual vibration features. Given the extremely complex structure of helicopter gearboxes which prohibits accurate modeling of the effect of faults on their vibration, the structural weights in this method are defined based on the root mean square value of the frequency response of a simplified lumped-mass model of the gearbox. The experimental evaluation of the method based on vibration data from two different gearboxes is included in a separate paper.
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Yang, Wen Zhi, Ju Feng Cao i Wei Zhang. "Study on Dynamic Simulation of Wind Turbine Gearbox Based on Pro/E and ADAMS". Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (wrzesień 2014): 442–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.442.
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Domestic wind turbines with 1.5MW gearbox as the research object, application of virtual prototyping technology (ADAMS) simulation of dynamics of wind turbine gearbox when braking .According to research gear box structure, size and other parameters, using Pro / E software to create a solid model of wind turbine gearboxes. After importing to the ADAMS software, add the necessary constraints and loads, virtual prototype model of the gearbox is established. The simulation of dynamics of wind turbine gearbox are carried out by using ADAMS, and the angular velocity of the in-out shaft, gear meshing force and the vibration when braking cloud are obtained. That result is match with the theoretical value through analysis and the accuracy of ADAMS simulation is verified. The simulation results show that the design level of wind turbine gearboxes can be improved by using the virtual prototype technology and lay a good foundation for further design.
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Wang, Fei Fei, Xiao Qing Xiao i Hong Shan Zhao. "Wind Turbine Gearbox Failure Prediction Based on Time Series Analysis and Statistical Process Control". Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (październik 2011): 2236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.2236.
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The Time Series method and Statistical Process Control strategy is applied to predict failures of wind turbine gearboxes. First, based on the real-time temperature data of gearboxes measured by temperature sensors, the temperature prediction model under normal operating conditions is established by ARIMA model. The analysis of the predicted values and the actual values of gearbox temperature is done, and proves that its residuals are normally distributed; then combined with statistical process control (SPC) methods, the big number of temperature data is used to calculate the standard deviation(σ) of residuals, and the gearbox failure threshold will be identified; Finally, the temperature data are analyzed both in normal operating condition and the failure condition to determine the operation status of the gearbox, statistical analysis and residual charts are carried out for gearbox failure prediction, verifying the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Zhang, Yangyang, Yunxian Jia, Weiyi Wu, Zhonghua Cheng, Xiaobo Su i Aqiang Lin. "A Diagnosis Method for the Compound Fault of Gearboxes Based on Multi-Feature and BP-AdaBoost". Symmetry 12, nr 3 (14.03.2020): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12030461.
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Gearbox is an important structure of rotating machinery, and the accurate fault diagnosis of gearboxes is of great significance for ensuring efficient and safe operation of rotating machinery. Aiming at the problem that there is little common compound fault data of gearboxes, and there is a lack of an effective diagnosis method, a gearbox fault simulation experiment platform is set up, and a diagnosis method for the compound fault of gearboxes based on multi-feature and BP-AdaBoost is proposed. Firstly, the vibration signals of six typical states of gearbox are obtained, and the original signals are decomposed by empirical mode decomposition and reconstruct the new signal to achieve the purpose of noise reduction. Then, perform the time domain analysis and wavelet packet analysis on the reconstructed signal, extract three time domain feature parameters with higher sensitivity, and combine them with eight frequency band energy feature parameters obtained by wavelet packet decomposition to form the gearbox state feature vector. Finally, AdaBoost algorithm and BP neural network are used to build the BP-AdaBoost strong classifier model, and feature vectors are input into the model for training and verification. The results show that the proposed method can effectively identify the gearbox failure modes, and has higher accuracy than the traditional fault diagnosis methods, and has certain reference significance and engineering application value.
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Zhong, Xian You, Liang Cai Zeng, Chun Hua Zhao, Jin Zhang i Shi Qing Wan. "Research of Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis Techniques for Wind Turbine Gearbox". Applied Mechanics and Materials 197 (wrzesień 2012): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.197.206.
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Wind power industry enormously expanded during the last several years. However, wind turbines are subjected to different sorts of failures, which lead to the increasement of the cost. The wind turbine gearbox is the most critical component in terms of high failure rates and long time to repair. This paper described common failures and root causes of wind turbine gearboxes. Then it focused on fault diagnosis and monitoring techniques for the wind turbine gearbox. The challenges and future research directions were presented, and the simulator rig of wind turbine gearbox was designed to develop condition monitoring and fault diagnosis techniques for wind turbine gearbox.
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Achtenová, Gabriela, i Jiří Pakosta. "Advanced Usage of Inertia Test Stand – Measurement of the Gearbox No-Load Losses". Journal of Middle European Construction and Design of Cars 12, nr 3 (1.12.2014): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mecdc-2014-0011.
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Abstract In the laboratories of Czech Technical University in Prague a new inertia test stand was designed and realised. Its main purpose is to test the behavior and endurance of the internal shift mechanisms of passenger car gearboxes. In this paper we present further usage of the test stand, which consists of measurement of gearbox losses. The gearbox on the inertia test stand cannot be loaded; therefore the target is the measurement of losses resulting mainly from splash lubrication and some additional gearbox friction (e.g. friction in shaft sealing, bearing losses). The most typical passenger car mechanical five speed gearbox for transversal position of the drivetrain was chosen for this experiment.
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Gurko, Alexander, i Mykola Mykhalevych. "OPTIMAL CONTROL OF AN ACTUATOR OF A ROBOTIC GEARBOX". Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University 1, nr 92 (12.03.2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2021.92.1.72.
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Problem. Despite the vigorous development of electric vehicles, the task of facilitating the driver to handle with elements of mechanical transmission remains relevant. For this purpose, the automation of mechanical transmission units is performed. For instance, so-called robotic gearboxes are widespread. The principle of operation of such gearboxes is similar to mechanical ones, but special separate actuators carry out the selection and shifting into the desired gear. The design of a robotic gearbox was proposed at the Automobile Department of Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University. At this gearbox, two DC motors are used as actuators. The efficiency of this gearbox largely depends on the efficiency of the DC motors control system, which should provide smooth but at the same time fast and accurate positioning of their shafts. In previous works, PID controllers were used to controlling the actuator of the gearbox. However, although the PID controller provides satisfactory quality of the control system, it is not an optimal controller. Goal. The goal of this paper is to develop an optimal controller for the actuators of the robotic gearbox mentioned above. Methodology. To meet this goal, it was proposed to use a linear-quadratic controller (LQR). The analysis of the impact on transient processes in the control system of the values of the weighting factors in the quadratic performance criterion is performed. Results. The LQR synthesized provides high speed of response (within of 0.5 s) at the desired gear selecting and more than two times less overshoot compared to the PID regulator. Originality. The regularities in the gearbox drive performance when changing the values of the weighting factors in the performance criterion have been established. An optimal control system for the robotic gearbox actuator has been developed. Practical value. The implementation of the designed controller will increase the efficiency of the gearbox under consideration.
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Zheng, Zhan Qiang, Wan Kai Shi i Kai You Liu. "Operational Modal Test for Wind Turbine Gearbox". Applied Mechanics and Materials 86 (sierpień 2011): 483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.86.483.
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Wind turbine gearbox is a key component of wind power system and it is prone to failure because of complex working environment, so the vibration and noise problems of it can not be ignored. The modal parameters of gearbox can be got by experiment method, which is a necessary condition to improve the structure of gearbox and make dynamic analysis and design to it. Modal testing has been used to gearbox by operational modal analysis which is in several actual working conditions and the modal parameters in corresponding working conditions is obtained by stochastic subspace identification. Meanwhile the acceleration response of wind turbine gearbox’s high-speed output shaft in different working conditions was also analyzed.
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Maláková, Silvia, Samuel Sivák i Jozef Krajňák. "GEARBOX LUBRICATION SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION". Acta Mechatronica 6, nr 2 (30.06.2021): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22306/am.v6i2.75.
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The aim of gearbox lubrication is to reduce wear on the sides of the teeth, increase of the efficiency by reducing friction as well as dissipating the heat generated by friction. Lubrication of gearboxes is a discontinuous process, that means, during the meshing every meshed pair of teeth needs to have a new lubrication film created on the surfaces. The geometric shape of the sides of the teeth is conditioned by rolling and sliding movement, therefore gears often work under a mixed friction condition. This is confirmed by damage to gearboxes and by measured power losses. This contribution is devoted to the issue of innovation of the original lubrication of the first stage of the bevel helical gearbox used for the drive of the rope drum.
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Sreenatha, M., i P. B. Mallikarjuna. "A Fault Diagnosis Technique for Wind Turbine Gearbox: An Approach using Optimized BLSTM Neural Network with Undercomplete Autoencoder". Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 13, nr 1 (1.02.2023): 10170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5595.
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The gearbox is one of the critical components of a wind turbine. Proactive maintenance of wind turbine gearboxes is crucial to decrease maintenance and operational costs and the long downtime of the complete system. As the gearbox is a significant part of the wind turbine, a fault in the gearbox leads to the breakdown of the wind turbine system. Hence, it is important to study and analyze the faults in wind turbine gearbox systems. In this article, a neural network-based model, a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BLSTM) fused with an autoencoder is intended to categorize the condition of the gearbox into good or bad (broken tooth) condition. Feature learning and reduction are achieved extensively through the autoencoder. This improves the performance of the BLSTM model regarding time complexity and classification accuracy. This model has been applied with time series vibration data of the gearbox in a wind turbine system. The suggested model's performance is analyzed using an openly available wind turbine gearbox vibration dataset. The result showed that BLSTM accuracy with an under-complete autoencoder is highly robust and appropriate for the health monitoring of wind turbine gearbox systems using time series data. Also, in order to illustrate the advantage of the projected model for fault analysis and diagnosis in wind turbine gearbox, the throughput or time complexity of training and testing of the split dataset is compared with the conventional BLSTM model.
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Zamponi, Laurent, Emmanuel Mermoz i Jean Marc Linares. "Study of Bearing Modelling in the Helicopter Gearbox". Applied Mechanics and Materials 86 (sierpień 2011): 721–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.86.721.
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In trying to incessantly reduce gearboxes weight, designers can negatively impact the service reliability, particularly in the aeronautic industry, where a weight reduction is often linked with stiffness decrease. Looking for weight savings, gearbox casings are classically made of magnesium or aluminium alloy. In addition, helicopter gearbox design is included the integration of several functions within the same part (like the shafts which gather one or more gears, splines and integrated bearings raceways). These particularities in the design are requiring some specific methodologies for Power Transmission bearing modelling. In this paper, a comparison between tests and simulations results of the aforementioned gearboxes is presented. The first section of the article focuses on the helicopter gearbox description and associated finite elements modelling. Then, the second section provides a comparison between the experimental observations with the results of both FEM simulation and classical analytical simulation. This comparison demonstrates the interest of using FEM simulation to analyze gearboxes behaviour.
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Ning, Feng Lian. "Load-Excursion Failure Analysis of the Gearbox’s Input Pinion". Applied Mechanics and Materials 86 (sierpień 2011): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.86.196.
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In this paper, the failure of gearbox’s input pinion was introduced. According to gearbox structure, the factor of load-excursion was analyzed and a method of correcting gear’s helix angle was proposed. Finally, the problem was solved by correcting the gear’s helix angle and thinking about the influence of the bushes matting under heat conditions. The calculation method of correcting gear helix angle was proven to be valid by other gearbox tests, and provided a reference for correcting the gear’s helix angle of other gearbox’s.
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Zheng, Huai Liang, Ri Xin Wang i Min Qiang Xu. "Study on the Variable Weight Method for Gearbox Fuzzy State Evaluation". Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (wrzesień 2014): 885–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.885.
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Based on the gearbox as the research object, we discussed the problem: how to confirm every part’s weight when assess gearbox’s state by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Contraposing the main problem of the weight-fixed Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) that ignoring every part’s fault degree in the process of evaluation, a variable weight method is proposed base on the rate of fault degree contribution. And to a state known gearbox, the weight of each part in the whole gearbox assessment is confirmed by the AHP and the variable weight method respectively. The comparison of the two assessment results shows that the result get by the variable weight method is more close to the gearbox’s real state, so this method is more accurate. What’s more this method is very simple, and can be used in real project.
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Shen, Gang, Dong Xiang, Peng Mou, Jing Min Jiang i Lang Gao. "Analysis of Vibration Characteristics for Wind Turbine Gearbox". Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (styczeń 2014): 962–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.962.
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Wind turbine is the high-end and important equipment, of which the reliability and stability is always one of the main problems. Because the gearbox is running under the condition of dynamic load caused by random wind speed, it has important significance for improving reliability of the transmission system to research dynamic behaviors of wind turbine gearbox, especially the vibration characteristics. First of all, time-varying stiffness of the meshing gear-pair is calculated in this article. Then the dynamic model of parallel gears is established and the corresponding vibration characteristics are simulated. Finally, the conclusion that the speed increasing gearbox has the amplified effect on vibration displacement disturbance and the speed decreasing gearbox has the diminished effect on vibration displacement disturbance is drawn from the contrastive analysis of vibration characteristics for these two gearboxes.
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Wang, Chun Chieh, Yuan Kang i Tse Yi Tu. "The Performance Analysis and Prognosis Techniques of Gearbox". Applied Mechanics and Materials 319 (maj 2013): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.319.393.
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Under the situation of increasingly stringent requirements for production speed and quality, gearboxes in many manufacturing equipment production lines lose final processing quality after long-term severe service.Machine fault prognosis is for experts or on-site maintenance personnel to use measurement equipment to capture signals and conduct diagnosis and maintenance based on personal experience. As technologies are advancing rapidly and equipment is evolving with increasing level of scale, automation and complexity, traditional diagnostic methods are no longer applicable. The article aims at vibration signal of gearbox to establish analysis and prognosis techniques. Principal components analysis is utilized to effectively capture the characteristic signal. Logistic regression and autoregressive moving average models are utilized to establish the correlation between characteristic signal and gearbox health status and performance trend model for on-site maintenance personnel to instantly understand gearbox health status and potential problems.In addition, Self-organizing map is utilized to establish fault identification model for maintenance personnel to significantly reduce troubleshooting time. In the article, gear-rotor experiment platform is used to assess the feasibility of gearbox performance analysis and prognosis techniques. It is expected to provide gearbox makers and users with understanding of gearbox health status and total solutions.
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Bhattacharjee, Debraj, Prabha Bhola i Pranab K. Dan. "A heuristic synthesis of multistage planetary gearbox layout for automotive transmission". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 233, nr 2 (14.03.2018): 336–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464419318759893.
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The automatic transmission system is very crucial for the high-speed vehicles, where the planetary or epicyclic gearbox is a standard feature. With the increase in design intricacies of planetary gearbox, mathematical modelling has become complex in nature and therefore there is a need for modelling of multistage planetary gearbox including the shifting scheme. A random search-based synthesis of three degrees of freedom (DOF) high-speed planetary gearbox has been presented in this paper, which derives an efficient gear shifting mechanism through designing the transmission schematic of eight speed gearboxes compounded with four planetary gear sets. Furthermore, with the help of lever analogy, the transmission power flow and relative power efficiency have been determined to analyse the gearbox design. A simulation-based testing and validation have been performed which show the proposed model is efficient and produces satisfactory shift quality through better torque characteristics while shifting the gears. A new heuristic method to determine suitable compounding arrangement, based on mechanism enumeration, for designing a gearbox layout is proposed here. An important finding on automotive gear shift quality due to closer gear ratio is also reported in this work.
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Hrdlička, Filip. "3D printed planetary gearbox for robotic arm joints". Design of Machines and Structures 12, nr 1 (2022): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32972/dms.2022.004.
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3D printing technology has become very popular in last several years as a cheap way how to make different parts. 3D printing is as a perfect tool for prototyping of various, mostly difficult, structures which is the reason why it is more and more use in mechanical design. This article is focused on assessment if 3D printing technology can be used for creating light, durable and cheap variation of classic metal or moulded plastic gearboxes for electric motors which can be used for low cost robotic arms. For this purpose was in CAD software designed a small two-stage planetary gearbox with identical stages. All parts of gearbox were printed by FDM 3D printer with most common printing material PLA. The gearbox has been tested on noise, durability, resistance and maximum load on lever to find out where can be potential of 3D printed gearboxes.
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He, Jun, Shixi Yang, Evangelos Papatheou, Xin Xiong, Haibo Wan i Xiwen Gu. "Investigation of a multi-sensor data fusion technique for the fault diagnosis of gearboxes". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, nr 13 (4.03.2019): 4764–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219834048.
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Gearbox is the key functional unit in a mechanical transmission system. As its operating condition being complex and the interference transmitting from diverse paths, the vibration signals collected from an individual sensor may not provide a fully accurate description on the health condition of a gearbox. For this reason, a new method for fault diagnosis of gearboxes based on multi-sensor data fusion is presented in this paper. There are three main steps in this method. First, prior to feature extraction, two signal processing methods, i.e. the energy operator and time synchronous averaging, are applied to multi-sensor vibration signals to remove interference and highlight fault characteristic information, then the statistical features are extracted from both the raw and preprocessed signals to form an original feature set. Second, a coupled feature selection scheme combining the distance evaluation technique and max-relevance and min-redundancy is carried out to obtain an optimal feature set. Finally, the deep belief network, a novel intelligent diagnosis method with a deep architecture, is applied to identify different gearbox health conditions. As the multi-sensor data fusion technique is utilized to provide sufficient and complementary information for fault diagnosis, this method holds the potential to overcome the shortcomings from an individual sensor that may not accurately describe the health conditions of gearboxes. Ten different gearbox health conditions are simulated to validate the performance of the proposed method. The results confirm the superiority of the proposed method in gearbox fault diagnosis.
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Hildebrand, Lucas, Florian Dangl, Constantin Paschold, Thomas Lohner i Karsten Stahl. "CFD Analysis on the Heat Dissipation of a Dry-Lubricated Gear Stage". Applied Sciences 12, nr 20 (15.10.2022): 10386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122010386.
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Power losses in gearboxes result in frictional heating. Sufficient heat transfer from the gearbox to the environment is required for reliable operation. The heat dissipation from gears is linked to their interaction with fluids in the gearbox. Recent research has demonstrated the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to predict the gearbox fluid flow and no-load losses in an isothermal manner. This study focuses on a numerical analysis of the heat dissipation within a dry-lubricated gearbox under atmospheric conditions. Spur gears and helical gears are investigated. The air flow in the gearbox as well as the heat dissipation over the gear surfaces are evaluated in detail. The results show that the gear geometry and the circumferential speed have a strong impact on the air flow. Especially, the axial inflow of air to the gears has a great influence on the heat dissipation. Conveying effects of helical gears lead to a multidirectional airflow, resulting in higher values of the heat transfer coefficient on the gear surface compared to spur gears.
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Czaban, Jaroslaw, i Dariusz Szpica. "The Diagnostic System of A – 604 Automatic Transmission". Acta Mechanica et Automatica 8, nr 3 (1.09.2014): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2014-0027.
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Abstract Automatic gearbox gains increasing popularity in Europe. Little interest in diagnosis of such type of transmission in Poland results from the fact of small share in the whole market of operated cars, so there is a lack of availability of special diagnostic devices. These factors cause issues of expensive repairs, often involving a replacement of subassembly to new or aftermarket one. To a small extent some prophylactic diagnostic tests are conducted, which can eliminate future gearbox system failures. In the paper, the proposition of diagnostic system of popular A - 604 gearbox was presented. The authors are seeking for the possibility of using such type of devices to functional elaboration of gearboxes after renovation. The built system pursues the drive of the researched object, connected with simulated load, where special controller, replacing the original one, is responsible for controlling gearbox operation. This way is used to evaluate the mechanic and hydraulic parts' state. Analysis of signal runs, registered during measurements lets conclude about operation correctness, where as comparison with stock data verifies the technical state of an automatic gearbox.
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Gnauert, Jonas, Alexander Krause, Georg Jacobs i Dennis Bosse. "Development of a Methodology for a WT Gearbox Robustness Test". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2362, nr 1 (1.11.2022): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2362/1/012014.
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The paper presents a novel test method to address non-calculative failure modes in wind turbine gearboxes through a metrological robustness evaluation. The method is exemplarily shown for the evaluation of the failure mode “fretting corrosion” which is caused by ring creep at roller bearings. The method was also verified for the failure modes smearing and rehardening. Through the proposed gearbox robustness test, it is for the first time possible to test gearboxes against relevant failure modes and to establish a baseline to compare the robustness of gearboxes with each other. This allows identifying design elements that increase the gearbox robustness and boosters a further increase in availability and reliability of wind turbines.
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Salamandra, K., i G. Korendyasev. "APPLICATION OF IMPACT THEORY TO ANALYSIS OF GEAR SHIFTS IN DUAL-CLUTCH TRANSMISSIONS". Bulletin of Science and Technical Development 161 (2021): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/vntr2021-161-4.
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The article discusses a dynamic model of a transmission containing a dual-clutch gearbox. The absence of a torque converter in such gearboxes, taking into account the short duration of gear shifting (0.2 - 0.5 sec), allows us to present the gear shifting process as an impact. Gear shifting excites the output shaft of the gearbox. Thus, the transmission of the vehicle can beconsidered as a vibro-impact self-oscillating system.
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Guo, Yuanjing, Shaofei Jiang, Youdong Yang, Xiaohang Jin i Yanding Wei. "Gearbox Fault Diagnosis Based on Improved Variational Mode Extraction". Sensors 22, nr 5 (24.02.2022): 1779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22051779.
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Gearboxes are widely used in drive systems of rotating machinery. The health status of gearboxes considerably influences the normal and reliable operation of rotating machinery. When a gearbox experiences tooth failure, a vibration signal with impulse features is excited. However, these impulse features tend to be relatively weak and difficult to extract. To solve this problem, a novel approach for gearbox fault feature extraction and fault diagnosis based on improved variational mode extraction (VME) is proposed. Since the initial value of the desired mode center frequency and the value of the penalty parameter in VME must be assigned, a short-time Fourier transform (STFT) was performed, and a new index, the standard deviation of differential values of envelope maxima positions (SDE), is proposed. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach was verified by a simulation signal and two datasets associated with a gearbox test bench. The results demonstrate that the VME-based approach outperforms the variational mode decomposition (VMD) approach.
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Dub, Martin, Ondřej Berka, František Lopot, František Starý i Vojtěch Dynybyl. "Torsional Characteristics Measurement of a Gearbox". Applied Mechanics and Materials 827 (luty 2016): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.827.87.
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Torsional characteristics of the gearboxes are important for kinematic and dynamic behaviour of the whole drive train, especially the resonances. Measured values are used as an input for further dynamic calculations. The measurement of the torsional stiffness and backlash is carried out. For this purpose the incremental rotary sensors and magnetic sensor of position are used. The results shown the behaviour of the torsional stiffness of the gearbox during loading. Furthermore the backlash of the gearbox is measured.
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Jie, Li, i Zhao Jianmin. "Incipient Gearbox Fault Diagnosis Based on the Reverse State Transformation of the Chaotic Duffing Oscillator and Sampling Integral Technology". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/535398.
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Incipient fault for a gearbox diagnosis is difficult because the signals with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are corrupted with background noise. A method based on chaos theory and sampling integral technology will be presented to detect the incipient fault of gearbox according to the characters of the gearbox vibration signals. Sampling integral technology was used to improve the tracking ability of fault signals with lower SNR. The small changes in the sidebands of meshing frequency can be detected by the transformation of chaotic phase diagram and its Hu moment invariants, and on this basis the incipient faults can be diagnosed. The results based on gearboxes experiment justify the effectiveness of the method.
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Sun, Xian Ming, Chang Zheng Chen i Hao Zhou. "Quantitative Analysis of Fault of Wind Turbines Based on Hilbert Space Feature Entropy". Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (czerwiec 2014): 1292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.1292.
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Aim at the problem of wind turbine gearbox fault diagnosis , a method of Hilbert space feature entropy is proposed. Using the information entropy theory, the faults information obtained in the HHT spectrum quantify to the value of Hilbert space feature entropy, thus achieving quantitative analysis of the failure of the wind turbine gearbox. The method was applied to fault diagnosis of the wind turbine gearboxes, which proved that the method is efficacious.
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Liao, G., S. Liu, T. Shi i G. Zhang. "Gearbox condition monitoring using self-organizing feature maps". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 218, nr 1 (1.01.2004): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440604322786992.
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This paper proposes a novel technique for the condition monitoring of gearboxes based on a self-organizing feature maps (SOFM) network. In order to visualize the learned SOFM results more clearly, an improved method based on the unified distance matrix (U-matrix) method is presented, in which the overall topological information condensed into the map units is considered so as to project the high-dimensional input vectors into a two-dimensional space and give a better picture of their intrinsic structure than the original U-matrix method. The feature data extracted from industrial gearbox vibration signals measured under different operating conditions are analysed using the proposed technique. The results show that trained with the SOFM network and visualized with the improved method, the feature data are mapped into a two-dimensional space and formed clustering regions, each indicative of a specific gearbox condition. Therefore, the gearbox operating condition with a fatigue crack or broken tooth compared with the normal condition is identified clearly. Furthermore, with the trajectory of the image points for the feature data in two-dimensional space, the variation of gearbox conditions is observed visually, and the development of gearbox early-stage failures is monitored in time.
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Xie, Fengyun, Hui Liu, Jiankun Dong, Gan Wang, Linglan Wang i Gang Li. "Research on the Gearbox Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Multi-Model Feature Fusion". Machines 10, nr 12 (8.12.2022): 1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10121186.
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The gearbox is an important component of rotating machinery and is of great significance for gearbox fault diagnosis. In this paper, a gearbox fault diagnosis model based on multi-model feature fusion was proposed that addressed the limitations of a single or few features reflecting the gearbox’s fault state. The time–frequency feature of the vibration signal was extracted, and the sensitive feature was selected. The sensitive features were extracted using a one-dimensional convolutional neural network. The parallel fusion method was used to fuse the two domain features as inputs to the support vector machine model. The radial basis kernel function and penalty factor of the support vector machine were optimized by improving the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Finally, the gearbox states were identified using the optimized support vector machine model. The results show that the recognition rate of the proposed model is 98.3%, which is higher than that of other models.
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Guo, Junchao, Zhanqun Shi, Haiyang Li, Dong Zhen, Fengshou Gu i Andrew Ball. "Early Fault Diagnosis for Planetary Gearbox Based Wavelet Packet Energy and Modulation Signal Bispectrum Analysis". Sensors 18, nr 9 (1.09.2018): 2908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18092908.
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The planetary gearbox is at the heart of most rotating machinery. The premature failure and subsequent downtime of a planetary gearbox not only seriously affects the reliability and safety of the entire rotating machinery but also results in severe accidents and economic losses in industrial applications. It is an important and challenging task to accurately detect failures in a planetary gearbox at an early stage to ensure the safety and reliability of the mechanical transmission system. In this paper, a novel method based on wavelet packet energy (WPE) and modulation signal bispectrum (MSB) analysis is proposed for planetary gearbox early fault diagnostics. First, the vibration signal is decomposed into different time-frequency subspaces using wavelet packet decomposition (WPD). The WPE is calculated in each time-frequency subspace. Secondly, the relatively high energy vectors are selected from a WPE matrix to obtain a reconstructed signal. The reconstructed signal is then subjected to MSB analysis to obtain the fault characteristic frequency for fault diagnosis of the planetary gearbox. The validity of the proposed method is carried out through analyzing the vibration signals of the test planetary gearbox in two fault cases. One fault is a chipped sun gear tooth and the other is an inner-race fault in the planet gear bearing. The results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective for early fault diagnosis in planetary gearboxes.
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Zhang, Wei, Hong Lu, Yongquan Zhang, Zhangjie Li, Yongjing Wang, Jun Zhou, Jiangnuo Mei i Yuzhan Wei. "A Fault Diagnosis Scheme for Gearbox Based on Improved Entropy and Optimized Regularized Extreme Learning Machine". Mathematics 10, nr 23 (3.12.2022): 4585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10234585.
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The performance of a gearbox is sensitive to failures, especially in the long-term high speed and heavy load field. However, the multi-fault diagnosis in gearboxes is a challenging problem because of the complex and non-stationary measured signal. To obtain fault information more fully and improve the accuracy of gearbox fault diagnosis, this paper proposes a feature extraction method, hierarchical refined composite multiscale fluctuation dispersion entropy (HRCMFDE) to extract the fault features of rolling bearing and the gear vibration signals at different layers and scales. On this basis, a novel fault diagnosis scheme for the gearbox based on HRCMFDE, ReliefF and grey wolf optimizer regularized extreme learning machine is proposed. Firstly, HRCMFDE is employed to extract the original features, the multi-frequency time information can be evaluated simultaneously, and the fault feature information can be extracted more fully. After that, ReliefF is used to screen the sensitive features from the high-dimensional fault features. Finally, the sensitive features are inputted into the optimized regularized extreme learning machine to identify the fault states of the gearbox. Through three different types of gearbox experiments, the experimental results confirm that the proposed method has better diagnostic performance and generalization, which can effectively and accurately identify the different fault categories of the gearbox and outperforms other contrastive methods.
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Petr, Karel, i Vojtěch Dynybyl. "Methods of Testing Gearboxes of Rail Vehicles". Applied Mechanics and Materials 486 (grudzień 2013): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.486.277.
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The article deals with the various methods of testing gearboxes of rail vehicles such as tram, metro, suburban unit EMU (Electric Multiple Unit). Further deals with determination of the load test parameters, the methodology for measuring of monitored magnitude and result evaluation. Some gearboxes have been designed for extreme operating temperatures ± 40°C. In the article are described the main types of tests performed on gearboxes of rail vehicles and their results on specific types of gearboxes. Tests include the following methods: verification of assembly accuracy, sealing test against leak of oil, sealing test against ingress of water (water fog) at runtime of gearbox, sealing test gearbox against ingress of water under pressure at rest, long duration test on-load (runtime test) with variable load spectrum, test in mode "Cold climate test", contact pattern gears (application of modification).
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Qu, Heng Xu. "Structure Optimal Design Method and Engineering Application". Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (sierpień 2011): 2440–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.2440.
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he paper introduces the analysis of finite element for gearbox’s intensity, then optimal design for gearbox has achieved good optimal result leading to the weight reduced 3746kg, 23.18%less than original weight with the thickness of the main board as deign variables and the stress and displacement as constraint conditions. The optimization results have practical significance on the structural optimization and the weight of the gearbox, offering reference data for weight reduction of gear box design.
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Hu, Guo Yu, i Wen Lei Sun. "Virtual Prototype Modeling and Dynamics Analysis of a Large-Scale Wind Turbine’s Gearbox". Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (sierpień 2011): 1043–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.1043.
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With the gearbox of a large-scale wind turbine as a study object, the virtual prototype model of gearbox is created based on UG and ADAMS softwares according to its design parameters such as structure and size. By rigid and flexible dynamics analysis for gearbox, the angular velocity and acceleration curves of the in-out shaft are obtained. Gear meshing forces and flexible body stress cloud using ADAMS are also obtained. It is verified that these results are coincided with the theoretical value through analysis and the simulation results of ADAMS are valid. The simulation results show that the design level of wind turbine gearboxes can be improved using the virtual prototype technology and lay a good foundation for further optimal design.
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Li, Gang, i Weidong Zhu. "A Review on Up-to-Date Gearbox Technologies and Maintenance of Tidal Current Energy Converters". Energies 15, nr 23 (6.12.2022): 9236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15239236.
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This paper presents a review-based comparative study of state-of-the-art technologies, technical challenges and research barriers, and development trends of gearboxes used in tidal current energy converters (TCECs). Currently, the development of commercial projects using TCECs is still in the demonstration phase. While many drivetrain designs and configurations of TCECs inherit from those of wind turbines, different operational constraints, e.g., high-torque and low-speed conditions, make TCECs potentially suffer from high failure rates in harsh deep-sea environments. Evidence of these potentially high failure rates highlights the need for adopting the most resilient drivetrain options with a high degree of maintainability. The gearbox option is a critical issue that needs to be addressed for the choice of the drivetrain configuration due to its longest downtime per failure among all drivetrain components of TCECs. The main purpose of this study is to review current gearbox technologies of TCECs with advantages and disadvantages as well as to identify future technical challenges and research barriers. Gearbox maintenance is also a focal point in this study. We present a discussion of the operation phase to highlight operational maintenance methods currently used in the tidal energy industry. This study will, therefore, address the critical issue by proposing a review-based gearbox option comparison and discussing potential solutions to reduce operation and maintenance costs of gearboxes of TCECs.
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Salamandra, K. B. "Classification and synthesis of three-loop planetary gearboxes". Traktory i sel hozmashiny 85, nr 1 (15.02.2018): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66400.
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In the transmissions of trucks, agricultural vehicles and tractors, gear boxes with a planetary divider and/or an additional reductor unit which is depending on the traffic conditions of the machine, reduces the speed of rotation or operates on a direct drive are used. The divider and the additional reductor unit are intended for a stepwise changing of the range of the main 3-speed or 4-speed gearbox, consisting of gears with fixed axles, which makes it possible to increase the number of stages realized 4 times. If the planetary train will work in the differential mode, this will allow additionally increase the number of stages in the combined planetary gearboxes and, accordingly, the number of operating modes of the tractor. Consequently, the main gearbox consists of gears with fixed axes of gears can work either separately in a single-flow mode of operation of the planetary train (reductor or in the direct drive mode) or in a two-flow mode - in parallel with other ordinary gears when the planetary train as a differential. When using two planetary trains operating in the differential mode, the number of parallel power flows increases to three, which makes it possible to further improve the functional and power capabilities of multi-flow gearboxes. The purpose of the study is to analyze gearbox schemes consisting of three sets of gears with fixed gearwheel axes and two differential mechanisms forming three parallel power transmission flows. Classification of possible structural schemes of three-flow transmissions is given, a general expression for calculating the number of stages of a three-flow gearbox is obtained. A technique for the synthesis of kinematic schemes of three-flow planetary gearboxes is described, with the using of which new gearbox schemes are obtained for each possible structure, which are characterized by using simple mechanisms, high efficiency and a small number of control elements.