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Rajesh, K., M. Kirthy Reddy, Y. Anusha, P. Haritha, D. Narendra i S. Srujana. "Design and Fabrication of Garlic Peeler". International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 5, nr 7 (2018): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.5.7.24.

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Yen, K. Y., H. Radhwan, Z. Shayfull, S. M. Nasir i Abdellah el-hadj Abdellah. "Design and Analysis of Garlic Peeler Machine". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 864 (10.07.2020): 012142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/864/1/012142.

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Ega, Syadilla, Joko Setia Pribadi, Agus Santoso, Fadillah Fadillah i Murni Handayani. "Rancang Bangun Sistem Pemotong pada Mesin Pengupas dan Pemotong Kentang Spiral dengan Kapasitas 15 Kg/Jam". Journal of Sustainable Research In Management of Agroindustry (SURIMI) 1, nr 1 (22.04.2021): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35970/surimi.v1i1.560.

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Spiral potato peeler and cutter is a machine used to assist the production process of a home-based bussiness in potato processing, starting from the peeling process to the cutting process carried out in one machine frame. The design and construction of the cutting system on spiral potato peeler and cutter machine with a capacity of 15 kg/hour has several objectives, namely being able to make detailed analisis of a spiral potato cutting machine, being able to calculate parts of the machine elements used in parts of the cutting system and being able to did spiral potato machine testing. The methode used in the preparation of this project report is through the VDI 2222 approach which begins with the plan, conceptual, design and completions stages.The results of the calculation of the cutting system elements on the spiral potato peeler and cutter machine include the large diameter of the shaft used is 12,7 mm, the use of 84 watt motor power and the capacity of the cutting system on the spiral potato cutting machine is 15,25 kg/hour.
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Wijaya, Wisnu, i Hj Rodiah. "ANALISA DAN PERANCANGAN MESIN PENGUPAS BAWANG MERAH SKALA INDUSTRI PERUMAHAN (STUDI KASUS KOPERASI PRODUKSI MITRA KELAPA) SIDAHURIP KABUPATEN PANGANDARAN". ENSAINS JOURNAL 3, nr 1 (13.01.2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31848/ensains.v3i1.301.

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Abstract: Onions are one type of food that is often used by various levels of society. Onions have a high value in their needs. Onion processing there are several obstacles that make production inhibit, namely in the stripping process. The manual stripping process takes extra time. The purpose of this final project will be to make an onion peeler machine more effective and efficient in its production process.Mechanization of agriculture will greatly assist the community in processing agricultural products, in this case shallots. The design of this shallot peeler machine uses a manual system because it was designed for residential scale industrial needs. Therefore the design is made with a simple form and at the time of making it will not cost a fortune.In this research, an onion peeling machine with a capacity of 2 kg of onion will be designed with a planned engine speed of 200 rpm. What will be analyzed later is the power needed to rotate and the force that must be exerted by the worker's arm to operate the machine.Keywords: Onion, onion peeler, power, styleAbstrak: Bawang merupakan salah satu jenis bahan pangan yang sering digunakan oleh berbagai lapisan masyarakat. Bawang memiliki nilai tinggi dalam kebutuhannya. Proses pengolahan bawang terdapat beberapa kendala yang membuat produksinya menjadi menghambat yaitu dalam proses pengupasan. Proses pengupasan secara manual membutuhkan waktu ekstra lama. Tujuan dari proyek akhir ini akan membuat mesin pengupas bawang yang lebih efektif dan efisien dalam proses produksinya.Mekanisasi pertanian akan sangat membantu masyarakat dalam mengolah hasil pertanian, dalam hal ini bawang merah. Perancangan mesin pengupas bawang merah ini menggunakan sistem manual karena memang dirancang untuk keperluan industri skala perumahan. Maka dari itu perancangan dibuat dengan bentuk yang sederhana dan pada pembuatannya nanti tidak memakan biaya yang mahal.Pada penelitian kali ini akan dirancang mesin pengupas kulit bawang dengan kapasitas 2 Kg bawang dengan putaran mesin yang direncanakan sebesar 200 rpm. Hal yang nanti akan dianalisis adalah daya yang dibutuhkan untuk memutar serta gaya yang harus dikeluarkan lengan pekerja untuk mengoperasikan mesin tersebut.Kata Kunci: Bawang, Mesin pengupas bawang, daya, gaya
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Saha, Rina Rani, Md Abul Khayer Mian, Subarna Kundu i Khokan Kumer Sarker. "Performance of Garlic (Allium sativum) Varieties under Zero Tillage Mulch Condition in Southern Coastal Region of Bangladesh". Proceedings 36, nr 1 (7.04.2020): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036159.

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The experiment was carried out under ACIAR-KGF project at farmers’ field of Tildanga village at Dacope Upazilla under Khulna District during rabi season of 2018–19 after harvest of previous transplanted aman rice to find out the suitable variety of garlic (Allium sativum) for cultivation in southern coastal region of Bangladesh and to observe the effect of straw mulching on the yield of garlic. The experimental area faces slight to moderately drought and saline prone at later part of winter season and beginning of summer. The salinity causes unfavorable environment and hydrological situation restricting the normal crop production. Farmers generally cultivate only single transplanted aman (T.aman) rice in a year at south and south-western coastal saline areas. Garlic is one of the important spices crop in Bangladesh. The treatments of the experiment were five garlic varieties viz., V1 = BARI Roshun-1, V2 = BARI Roshun-2, V3 = BARI Roshun-3, V4 = BARI Roshun-4 which were developed by Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) and V5 = Local cultivar. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. All five varieties of garlic were sown on 17 December 2018 under zero tillage condition. BARI Roshun-1 gave the highest number of bulb/m2 (57), pseudostem height (37 cm), weight of individual bulb (7.65 g) and bulb yield (5.81 t/ha). BARI Roshun-3 gave the lowest yield (3.87 t/ha). It was also observed that the soil moisture of the farmers’ field were higher during sowing of garlic which was not suitable for ploughing the land. So timely establishment of garlic is possible by following hand dibbling methods under zero tillage condition on the muddy soil surface and also cost effective. Mulching can protect the evaporation loss and reduces the salinity stress which ultimately influence the crop establishment and yield. Earlier farmers of Tildanga at Dacope under Khulna District had no idea about the cultivation of garlic under zero tillage along with straw much. When the experimental results were demonstrated and discussed about the technology to the farmers gathering during Field Day then they were impressed and interested to grow garlic. Fallow land of coastal areas of Bangladesh could be utilized through disseminating this technology and ultimately cropping intensification increased.
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Monroy-Gomez, Jimena, Kesso Gabrielle Van Zutphen-Küffer, Dominique Barjolle, Tanja Barth-Jaeggi, Breda Gavin-Smith, Charles Nwokoro, Helen Prytherch, Cornelia Speich, Sophie van den Berg i Puja Tshering P. "Determinants for Purchasing, Preparing, Consuming, and Feeding Practices Among Women of Reproductive Age With Low Socioeconomic Status in Two Secondary Cities in Rwanda". Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (czerwiec 2022): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac065.036.

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Abstract Objectives Secondary cities (SC) link rural food production with urban populations. SC are rapidly growing, lack of infrastructure and face changes in dietary patterns. Across women of reproductive age (WRA) all forms of malnutrition have been identified. SC offer an opportunity for food systems transformation. We argue to uncover the demand-related determinants of purchasing, preparing, consuming, and feeding practices among WRA with low socioeconomic status living SC in Rwanda to identify possible interventions to enhance the demand of agroecological produced food. Methods Thematic analysis is conducted among WRA with low socioeconomic status living in SC -Rubavu, and Rusizi- in Rwanda. Eighteen face-to-face, in-home observations were conducted in the manner of compact ethnographic research. These observations covered the participants’ way of living, home environment, shopping and cooking observation, a pantry/kitchen audit. Transcripts from the interviews are being coded with NVIVO software. Ethical consent was provided by the Rwanda National Ethics Committee. Results Preliminary findings show that most WRA involved in the interviews prepare two meals per day. The most commonly food items consumed are irish potatoes, bananas, rice, and flour, with women indicating little to no intention of trying out new dishes or new preparation type. The most common cooking method is boiling, salt and garlic being the primary spieces used. WRA do not consume special food items based on their current life stage (pregnancy or lactation). The household budget for purchasing food is provided and decided mainly by men; however, women make the purchase and cooking decisions. The purchase of foods is determined by price, owing to minimal purchase power. Health care professionals and social workers are the trusted source of information. Final results will be available by May 2022. Conclusions Our findings will help design a social marketing campaign to promote the purchasing, consumption, and cooking practices of locally produced agroecological foods that is specifically targeted to WRA of low socioeconomic status living in those SC. Funding Sources The NICE project is supported by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation and implemented by the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, ETH Zürich, Sight and Life, and the Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture.
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Mahon, Elaine. "Ireland on a Plate: Curating the 2011 State Banquet for Queen Elizabeth II". M/C Journal 18, nr 4 (7.08.2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.1011.

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IntroductionFirmly located within the discourse of visible culture as the lofty preserve of art exhibitions and museum artefacts, the noun “curate” has gradually transformed into the verb “to curate”. Williams writes that “curate” has become a fashionable code word among the aesthetically minded to describe a creative activity. Designers no longer simply sell clothes; they “curate” merchandise. Chefs no longer only make food; they also “curate” meals. Chosen for their keen eye for a particular style or a precise shade, it is their knowledge of their craft, their reputation, and their sheer ability to choose among countless objects which make the creative process a creative activity in itself. Writing from within the framework of “curate” as a creative process, this article discusses how the state banquet for Queen Elizabeth II, hosted by Irish President Mary McAleese at Dublin Castle in May 2011, was carefully curated to represent Ireland’s diplomatic, cultural, and culinary identity. The paper will focus in particular on how the menu for the banquet was created and how the banquet’s brief, “Ireland on a Plate”, was fulfilled.History and BackgroundFood has been used by nations for centuries to display wealth, cement alliances, and impress foreign visitors. Since the feasts of the Numidian kings (circa 340 BC), culinary staging and presentation has belonged to “a long, multifaceted and multicultural history of diplomatic practices” (IEHCA 5). According to the works of Baughman, Young, and Albala, food has defined the social, cultural, and political position of a nation’s leaders throughout history.In early 2011, Ross Lewis, Chef Patron of Chapter One Restaurant in Dublin, was asked by the Irish Food Board, Bord Bía, if he would be available to create a menu for a high-profile banquet (Mahon 112). The name of the guest of honour was divulged several weeks later after vetting by the protocol and security divisions of the Department of the Taoiseach (Prime Minister) and the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Lewis was informed that the menu was for the state banquet to be hosted by President Mary McAleese at Dublin Castle in honour of Queen Elizabeth II’s visit to Ireland the following May.Hosting a formal banquet for a visiting head of state is a key feature in the statecraft of international and diplomatic relations. Food is the societal common denominator that links all human beings, regardless of culture (Pliner and Rozin 19). When world leaders publicly share a meal, that meal is laden with symbolism, illuminating each diner’s position “in social networks and social systems” (Sobal, Bove, and Rauschenbach 378). The public nature of the meal signifies status and symbolic kinship and that “guest and host are on par in terms of their personal or official attributes” (Morgan 149). While the field of academic scholarship on diplomatic dining might be young, there is little doubt of the value ascribed to the semiotics of diplomatic gastronomy in modern power structures (Morgan 150; De Vooght and Scholliers 12; Chapple-Sokol 162), for, as Firth explains, symbols are malleable and perfectly suited to exploitation by all parties (427).Political DiplomacyWhen Ireland gained independence in December 1921, it marked the end of eight centuries of British rule. The outbreak of “The Troubles” in 1969 in Northern Ireland upset the gradually improving environment of British–Irish relations, and it would be some time before a state visit became a possibility. Beginning with the peace process in the 1990s, the IRA ceasefire of 1994, and the Good Friday Agreement in 1998, a state visit was firmly set in motion by the visit of Irish President Mary Robinson to Buckingham Palace in 1993, followed by the unofficial visit of the Prince of Wales to Ireland in 1995, and the visit of Irish President Mary McAleese to Buckingham Palace in 1999. An official invitation to Queen Elizabeth from President Mary McAleese in March 2011 was accepted, and the visit was scheduled for mid-May of the same year.The visit was a highly performative occasion, orchestrated and ordained in great detail, displaying all the necessary protocol associated with the state visit of one head of state to another: inspection of the military, a courtesy visit to the nation’s head of state on arrival, the laying of a wreath at the nation’s war memorial, and a state banquet.These aspects of protocol between Britain and Ireland were particularly symbolic. By inspecting the military on arrival, the existence of which is a key indicator of independence, Queen Elizabeth effectively demonstrated her recognition of Ireland’s national sovereignty. On making the customary courtesy call to the head of state, the Queen was received by President McAleese at her official residence Áras an Uachtaráin (The President’s House), which had formerly been the residence of the British monarch’s representative in Ireland (Robbins 66). The state banquet was held in Dublin Castle, once the headquarters of British rule where the Viceroy, the representative of Britain’s Court of St James, had maintained court (McDowell 1).Cultural DiplomacyThe state banquet provided an exceptional showcase of Irish culture and design and generated a level of preparation previously unseen among Dublin Castle staff, who described it as “the most stage managed state event” they had ever witnessed (Mahon 129).The castle was cleaned from top to bottom, and inventories were taken of the furniture and fittings. The Waterford Crystal chandeliers were painstakingly taken down, cleaned, and reassembled; the Killybegs carpets and rugs of Irish lamb’s wool were cleaned and repaired. A special edition Newbridge Silverware pen was commissioned for Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip to sign the newly ordered Irish leather-bound visitors’ book. A new set of state tableware was ordered for the President’s table. Irish manufacturers of household goods necessary for the guest rooms, such as towels and soaps, hand creams and body lotions, candle holders and scent diffusers, were sought. Members of Her Majesty’s staff conducted a “walk-through” several weeks in advance of the visit to ensure that the Queen’s wardrobe would not clash with the surroundings (Mahon 129–32).The promotion of Irish manufacture is a constant thread throughout history. Irish linen, writes Kane, enjoyed a reputation as far afield as the Netherlands and Italy in the 15th century, and archival documents from the Vaucluse attest to the purchase of Irish cloth in Avignon in 1432 (249–50). Support for Irish-made goods was raised in 1720 by Jonathan Swift, and by the 18th century, writes Foster, Dublin had become an important centre for luxury goods (44–51).It has been Irish government policy since the late 1940s to use Irish-manufactured goods for state entertaining, so the material culture of the banquet was distinctly Irish: Arklow Pottery plates, Newbridge Silverware cutlery, Waterford Crystal glassware, and Irish linen tablecloths. In order to decide upon the table setting for the banquet, four tables were laid in the King’s Bedroom in Dublin Castle. The Executive Chef responsible for the banquet menu, and certain key personnel, helped determine which setting would facilitate serving the food within the time schedule allowed (Mahon 128–29). The style of service would be service à la russe, so widespread in restaurants today as to seem unremarkable. Each plate is prepared in the kitchen by the chef and then served to each individual guest at table. In the mid-19th century, this style of service replaced service à la française, in which guests typically entered the dining room after the first course had been laid on the table and selected food from the choice of dishes displayed around them (Kaufman 126).The guest list was compiled by government and embassy officials on both sides and was a roll call of Irish and British life. At the President’s table, 10 guests would be served by a team of 10 staff in Dorchester livery. The remaining tables would each seat 12 guests, served by 12 liveried staff. The staff practiced for several days prior to the banquet to make sure that service would proceed smoothly within the time frame allowed. The team of waiters, each carrying a plate, would emerge from the kitchen in single file. They would then take up positions around the table, each waiter standing to the left of the guest they would serve. On receipt of a discreet signal, each plate would be laid in front of each guest at precisely the same moment, after which the waiters would then about foot and return to the kitchen in single file (Mahon 130).Post-prandial entertainment featured distinctive styles of performance and instruments associated with Irish traditional music. These included reels, hornpipes, and slipjigs, voice and harp, sean-nόs (old style) singing, and performances by established Irish artists on the fiddle, bouzouki, flute, and uilleann pipes (Office of Public Works).Culinary Diplomacy: Ireland on a PlateLewis was given the following brief: the menu had to be Irish, the main course must be beef, and the meal should represent the very best of Irish ingredients. There were no restrictions on menu design. There were no dietary requirements or specific requests from the Queen’s representatives, although Lewis was informed that shellfish is excluded de facto from Irish state banquets as a precautionary measure. The meal was to be four courses long and had to be served to 170 diners within exactly 1 hour and 10 minutes (Mahon 112). A small army of 16 chefs and 4 kitchen porters would prepare the food in the kitchen of Dublin Castle under tight security. The dishes would be served on state tableware by 40 waiters, 6 restaurant managers, a banqueting manager and a sommélier. Lewis would be at the helm of the operation as Executive Chef (Mahon 112–13).Lewis started by drawing up “a patchwork quilt” of the products he most wanted to use and built the menu around it. The choice of suppliers was based on experience but also on a supplier’s ability to deliver perfectly ripe goods in mid-May, a typically black spot in the Irish fruit and vegetable growing calendar as it sits between the end of one season and the beginning of another. Lewis consulted the Queen’s itinerary and the menus to be served so as to avoid repetitions. He had to discard his initial plan to feature lobster in the starter and rhubarb in the dessert—the former for the precautionary reasons mentioned above, and the latter because it featured on the Queen’s lunch menu on the day of the banquet (Mahon 112–13).Once the ingredients had been selected, the menu design focused on creating tastes, flavours and textures. Several draft menus were drawn up and myriad dishes were tasted and discussed in the kitchen of Lewis’s own restaurant. Various wines were paired and tasted with the different courses, the final choice being a Château Lynch-Bages 1998 red and a Château de Fieuzal 2005 white, both from French Bordeaux estates with an Irish connection (Kellaghan 3). Two months and two menu sittings later, the final menu was confirmed and signed off by state and embassy officials (Mahon 112–16).The StarterThe banquet’s starter featured organic Clare Island salmon cured in a sweet brine, laid on top of a salmon cream combining wild smoked salmon from the Burren and Cork’s Glenilen Farm crème fraîche, set over a lemon balm jelly from the Tannery Cookery School Gardens, Waterford. Garnished with horseradish cream, wild watercress, and chive flowers from Wicklow, the dish was finished with rapeseed oil from Kilkenny and a little sea salt from West Cork (Mahon 114). Main CourseA main course of Irish beef featured as the pièce de résistance of the menu. A rib of beef from Wexford’s Slaney Valley was provided by Kettyle Irish Foods in Fermanagh and served with ox cheek and tongue from Rathcoole, County Dublin. From along the eastern coastline came the ingredients for the traditional Irish dish of smoked champ: cabbage from Wicklow combined with potatoes and spring onions grown in Dublin. The new season’s broad beans and carrots were served with wild garlic leaf, which adorned the dish (Mahon 113). Cheese CourseThe cheese course was made up of Knockdrinna, a Tomme style goat’s milk cheese from Kilkenny; Milleens, a Munster style cow’s milk cheese produced in Cork; Cashel Blue, a cow’s milk blue cheese from Tipperary; and Glebe Brethan, a Comté style cheese from raw cow’s milk from Louth. Ditty’s Oatmeal Biscuits from Belfast accompanied the course.DessertLewis chose to feature Irish strawberries in the dessert. Pat Clarke guaranteed delivery of ripe strawberries on the day of the banquet. They married perfectly with cream and yoghurt from Glenilen Farm in Cork. The cream was set with Irish Carrageen moss, overlaid with strawberry jelly and sauce, and garnished with meringues made with Irish apple balsamic vinegar from Lusk in North Dublin, yoghurt mousse, and Irish soda bread tuiles made with wholemeal flour from the Mosse family mill in Kilkenny (Mahon 113).The following day, President McAleese telephoned Lewis, saying of the banquet “Ní hé go raibh sé go maith, ach go raibh sé míle uair níos fearr ná sin” (“It’s not that it was good but that it was a thousand times better”). The President observed that the menu was not only delicious but that it was “amazingly articulate in terms of the story that it told about Ireland and Irish food.” The Queen had particularly enjoyed the stuffed cabbage leaf of tongue, cheek and smoked colcannon (a traditional Irish dish of mashed potatoes with curly kale or green cabbage) and had noted the diverse selection of Irish ingredients from Irish artisans (Mahon 116). Irish CuisineWhen the topic of food is explored in Irish historiography, the focus tends to be on the consequences of the Great Famine (1845–49) which left the country “socially and emotionally scarred for well over a century” (Mac Con Iomaire and Gallagher 161). Some commentators consider the term “Irish cuisine” oxymoronic, according to Mac Con Iomaire and Maher (3). As Goldstein observes, Ireland has suffered twice—once from its food deprivation and second because these deprivations present an obstacle for the exploration of Irish foodways (xii). Writing about Italian, Irish, and Jewish migration to America, Diner states that the Irish did not have a food culture to speak of and that Irish writers “rarely included the details of food in describing daily life” (85). Mac Con Iomaire and Maher note that Diner’s methodology overlooks a centuries-long tradition of hospitality in Ireland such as that described by Simms (68) and shows an unfamiliarity with the wealth of food related sources in the Irish language, as highlighted by Mac Con Iomaire (“Exploring” 1–23).Recent scholarship on Ireland’s culinary past is unearthing a fascinating story of a much more nuanced culinary heritage than has been previously understood. This is clearly demonstrated in the research of Cullen, Cashman, Deleuze, Kellaghan, Kelly, Kennedy, Legg, Mac Con Iomaire, Mahon, O’Sullivan, Richman Kenneally, Sexton, and Stanley, Danaher, and Eogan.In 1996 Ireland was described by McKenna as having the most dynamic cuisine in any European country, a place where in the last decade “a vibrant almost unlikely style of cooking has emerged” (qtd. in Mac Con Iomaire “Jammet’s” 136). By 2014, there were nine restaurants in Dublin which had been awarded Michelin stars or Red Ms (Mac Con Iomaire “Jammet’s” 137). Ross Lewis, Chef Patron of Chapter One Restaurant, who would be chosen to create the menu for the state banquet for Queen Elizabeth II, has maintained a Michelin star since 2008 (Mac Con Iomaire, “Jammet’s” 138). Most recently the current strength of Irish gastronomy is globally apparent in Mark Moriarty’s award as San Pellegrino Young Chef 2015 (McQuillan). As Deleuze succinctly states: “Ireland has gone mad about food” (143).This article is part of a research project into Irish diplomatic dining, and the author is part of a research cluster into Ireland’s culinary heritage within the Dublin Institute of Technology. The aim of the research is to add to the growing body of scholarship on Irish gastronomic history and, ultimately, to contribute to the discourse on the existence of a national cuisine. If, as Zubaida says, “a nation’s cuisine is its court’s cuisine,” then it is time for Ireland to “research the feasts as well as the famines” (Mac Con Iomaire and Cashman 97).ConclusionThe Irish state banquet for Queen Elizabeth II in May 2011 was a highly orchestrated and formalised process. From the menu, material culture, entertainment, and level of consultation in the creative content, it is evident that the banquet was carefully curated to represent Ireland’s diplomatic, cultural, and culinary identity.The effects of the visit appear to have been felt in the years which have followed. Hennessy wrote in the Irish Times newspaper that Queen Elizabeth is privately said to regard her visit to Ireland as the most significant of the trips she has made during her 60-year reign. British Prime Minister David Cameron is noted to mention the visit before every Irish audience he encounters, and British Foreign Secretary William Hague has spoken in particular of the impact the state banquet in Dublin Castle made upon him. Hennessy points out that one of the most significant indicators of the peaceful relationship which exists between the two countries nowadays was the subsequent state visit by Irish President Michael D. Higgins to Britain in 2013. This was the first state visit to the United Kingdom by a President of Ireland and would have been unimaginable 25 years ago. The fact that the President and his wife stayed at Windsor Castle and that the attendant state banquet was held there instead of Buckingham Palace were both deemed to be marks of special favour and directly attributed to the success of Her Majesty’s 2011 visit to Ireland.As the research demonstrates, eating together unites rather than separates, gathers rather than divides, diffuses political tensions, and confirms alliances. It might be said then that the 2011 state banquet hosted by President Mary McAleese in honour of Queen Elizabeth II, curated by Ross Lewis, gives particular meaning to the axiom “to eat together is to eat in peace” (Taliano des Garets 160).AcknowledgementsSupervisors: Dr Máirtín Mac Con Iomaire (Dublin Institute of Technology) and Dr Michael Kennedy (Royal Irish Academy)Fáilte IrelandPhotos of the banquet dishes supplied and permission to reproduce them for this article kindly granted by Ross Lewis, Chef Patron, Chapter One Restaurant ‹http://www.chapteronerestaurant.com/›.Illustration ‘Ireland on a Plate’ © Jesse Campbell BrownRemerciementsThe author would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their feedback and suggestions on an earlier draft of this article.ReferencesAlbala, Ken. The Banquet: Dining in the Great Courts of Late Renaissance Europe. Chicago: University of Illinois, 2007.———. “The Historical Models of Food and Power in European Courts of the Nineteenth Century: An Expository Essay and Prologue.” Royal Taste, Food Power and Status at the European Courts after 1789. Ed. Daniëlle De Vooght. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing, 2011. 13–29.Baughman, John J. “The French Banqueting Campaign of 1847–48.” The Journal of Modern History 31 (1959): 1–15. Cashman, Dorothy. “That Delicate Sweetmeat, the Irish Plum: The Culinary World of Maria Edgeworth.” ‘Tickling the Palate': Gastronomy in Irish Literature and Culture. Ed. Máirtín Mac Con Iomaire, and Eamon Maher. Oxford: Peter Lang, 2014. 15–34.———. “French Boobys and Good English Cooks: The Relationship with French Culinary Influence in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Ireland.” Reimagining Ireland: Proceedings from the AFIS Conference 2012. Vol. 55 Reimagining Ireland. Ed. Benjamin Keatinge, and Mary Pierse. 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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Garlic Peeler Design Project"

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Kulkarni, Gajanan Pratap. "Development of the Combined Methodology to Understand Designers’ Experimentation and GO-NO-GO Decision-Making during New Product Design and Development". Thesis, 2016. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4935.

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New Product Development (NPD) is the most important activity, which is recognized as the growth engine for product centric organizations to sustain, prosper, and accumulate stakes in the market. Development of new products is completely original process; it starts from scratch and takes physical functional form that serves the specific purpose of users. The researcher is interested in understanding experimentation and decision-making activities of designers during new product design and development process. Experimentation is believed as the spirit behind jumping into undiscovered glories. It is one of the gracious ways of trying and testing the principles and investigates the legality of hypothesis. The process of experimentation allows the experimenter to determine the usefulness of previously untried things. In this research context, the researcher has come to know that designers’ way of experimentation is quite different from that of scientists and artists. Taking this as a point of motivation, the objective of the present research work is to understand, capture, and report designers’/design teams’ experimentation phenomenon during new product design and development process from their psychology perspective. One more crucial activity designers/design teams face at every product development stage is that they make Go and No-Go decisions. This is the mandatory part of new product design and development process takes place from idea-to-launch. This decisive act of designers decides product success or failure. Designers and developers face high risk every time when they make Go/Kill decisions at every development stage-gate. Thus, going with the right decisions and refusing the wrong ones should be the driving force that allows designers to move ahead. The researcher is interested in understanding designers’/design teams’ Go-No-Go decision-making during various product development stages. The researcher has found that the application of statistical experimental design techniques to the new product design problems is not quite famous among designers. Instead of that, designers use their own ways of doing experiments. To achieve the research objectives, the post facto analysis of the three new product design case studies is conducted. The researcher has engaged and keenly observed these design projects as an active/passive observer. The observed cases studies were not completely structured but followed some implicit and explicit structure. Blandford’s PRETAR framework is used to design, conduct, and report this semi structured qualitative product design case studies. The researcher is interested in doing qualitative descriptive analysis of the case studies without formulating any hypothesis. This view is supported by the grounded theory approach. The Combined IP-SR-GP Methodology is the grounded theory/model developed in this thesis. The three approaches - Immanuel Kant’s ‘Principle of an Inquiry Propagation’ [IP], Newell and Simon’s ‘Search Representation of a Problem’ [SR] and the basic concepts and principles of perceptual organization i.e. Gestalt School of Psychology [GP] are sequentially applied to case studies to understand designers’/design teams’ experimentation phenomenon and their Go-No-Go decision-making. Inquiry propagation is famous term used by the philosopher Kant [1724-1804]; that suggests every answer begets more inquiries. The inquiry propagation approach is used to identify and explicitly report the designers’ flow of inquiries associated with experimental and decision-making activities. These inquiries were acted like a series stimuli and the designers’/teams’ response to these inquiries was to perform experiment and to make Go-No-Go decisions. Search representation of a problem approach is used to present the designers’ internal representation of product design problem. The designers encoded the product design stages as initial states, intermediate states and goal states. The spaces between these states were search spaces and action spaces. Within search spaces, the designers used various kinds of uninformed and heuristic searches. In action spaces, designers performed experimental and decision-making acts. The researcher has identified the designers’ solution action sequences, search types, and types of experiments in these spaces. Also, the designers’ mental models and heuristics during experimentation are recognized. The four groups of decision-making constituents - performance parameters and critical factors, causes contributed to process of rational inference, decision-making heuristics, and factors from mental models are identified. These constituents aggregately acted as inputs to decision gates and influenced the designers’ Go-No-Go decision-making. Gestalt school of psychology approach is used to deeply look into the designers’ perception towards understanding and recognizing patterns of experimentation and decision-making by using Gestalt psychology principles.
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