Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Gang members – psychology

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Gang members – psychology”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 26 lipca 2024
Data aktualizacji: 27 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Gang members – psychology"

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Boots, Denise Paquette, Jennifer Wareham, Kelli Stevens-Martin i Nina Barbieri. "A Preliminary Evaluation of the Supervision With Immediate Enforcement Probation Program for Adult Gang–Affiliated Offenders in Texas". Criminal Justice and Behavior 45, nr 7 (1.06.2018): 1047–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818774386.

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As of 2012, it was estimated that there were more than 30,000 active gangs in the United States with at least 850,000 members. Despite significant challenges that criminal justice agencies and personnel face in treating and supervising gang members, few studies have examined adult gang member outcomes and the effects of community supervision on gang-affiliated offenders. Recent research demonstrates mixed evidence that high-risk offenders have better outcomes in smaller problem-solving courts and programs, which have dual emphasis on rehabilitation and deterrence-based approaches to corrections. This study evaluates the efficacy of the Supervision with Immediate Enforcement (SWIFT) Court Program for young adult gang–affiliated probationers compared with non-SWIFT gang members and high-risk non-gang offenders. Findings indicated SWIFT had a moderate deterrent impact on offending compared with alternative probation sanctions. Results and discussion related to problem-solving courts and policy-related issues surrounding gang-affiliated and youthful violent offenders are offered.
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Maitra, Dev Rup. "‘If You’re Down With a Gang Inside, You Can Lead a Nice Life’: Prison Gangs in the Age of Austerity". Youth Justice 20, nr 1-2 (20.02.2020): 128–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473225420907974.

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In many countries, there has been growing academic attention towards the activities of street and prison gang members. However, while much of the American literature explores the experiences of prison gang members, such investigation has been notably absent in the English context. This article seeks to address this deficit in the literature. Through gathering data from interviews with active prison gang members, it shows how reduced staffing levels in English prisons has led to an increasingly ‘ungovernable’ prison space. This, in turn, has led to an increase in levels of gang membership. Most notably, the high numbers of street gangs ‘imported’ into prisons has had the unintended effect of creating several ‘in prison’ gangs, which form for the first time in prison, with their members seeking protecting from more established gangs. This proliferation of gangs has had a significant impact on rates of in-prison violence, and how prisons are managed.
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Scott, Daniel W. "Attitude is everything: Youth attitudes, gang involvement, and length of institutional gang membership". Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 17, nr 6 (17.09.2014): 780–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430214548285.

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Prison gangs have been a topic of interest among scholars, but research on youth prison gangs is limited. Furthermore, violent attitudes and gang involvement have not been addressed extensively, and a better understanding of youth prison gang involvement is needed to effectively inform responses to violence in correctional facilities. This paper fills this research gap through an analysis of violent attitudes as they relate to gang involvement and length of gang membership. The data derive from interviews with 285 males conducted in a larger study on gangs and violence in California’s youth correctional facilities. The results show that gang members tend to have stronger violent and aggressive attitudes compared to nongang members, and length of institutional gang membership is statistically significant and negatively associated with violent and aggressive attitudes. Furthermore, a youth’s violent and aggressive attitudes will vary depending on if the youth has never spent time in an institutional gang, is currently in one, or is a former institutional gang member. I conclude the paper with a discussion of these findings and what they imply for gang group processes, theory, institutional policy, and programs.
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Gérard, Bertrand F. "Gang members". Essaim 12, nr 1 (2004): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ess.012.0139.

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Swetnam, Josh, i Jacqueline Pope. "GANGS AND GANG ACTIVITY IN A NON-METROPOLITAN COMMUNITY: THE PERCEPTIONS OF STUDENTS, TEACHERS, AND POLICE OFFICERS". Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 29, nr 2 (1.01.2001): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2001.29.2.197.

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In recent years, both the media and the research literature have noted an increased presence of street gangs in non-metropolitan and rural communities. This study was conducted in a small community in the south which was identified by its police force as having a sizable gang population. Individuals from three groups within the community who have frequent, direct contact with gang members participated in the study. Participants completed questionnaires designed to measure their general perceptions of the gangs, the actors associated with gang development, and the community's response to the gang presence. The participants perceive a number of factors as having influenced the growth of gang activity. The results showed striking perceptual differences between the groups, as well as a number of similarities.
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Sharpe, Elizabeth Gail. "Negotiating with Gang Members". Journal of Police Crisis Negotiations 2, nr 2 (czerwiec 2002): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j173v02n02_05.

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Wood, Jane L. "Understanding gang membership: The significance of group processes". Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 17, nr 6 (29.09.2014): 710–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430214550344.

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Gang researchers have robustly established that gangs facilitate increased criminal activity in members—even those who were prolifically delinquent before gang membership (Klein, Weerman, & Thornberry, 2006). This suggests that there is something about gang membership, specifically, that influences individuals’ criminality. However, so far it is not clear what this influence is. This paper, taking a social psychological perspective on gang membership considers the potential influence that group processes exert on gang members to identify with a gang, to conform to group norms, become cohesive and to strive to acquire group goals—such as status. It further speculates that adherence to group norms may cultivate gang members’ social cognitions such as moral disengagement, offense supportive cognitions, and rumination. Conclusions note how group processes deserve closer research attention due to their potential for informing more accurate gang interventions to deter potential members and to reduce existing gang membership.
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Wood, Jane L., i Howard Giles. "Group and intergroup parameters of gang activities: An introduction and research agenda". Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 17, nr 6 (12.09.2014): 704–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430214548620.

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In introducing this Special Issue on gangs, we overview the thrust of its papers, demonstrating how they assist in plugging research gaps from the dearth of psychological attention to gangs. The papers therein raise important theoretical considerations of group process effects, social identity, and communication influences in gangs. Also included are empirical examinations of how attitudes to formal organized crime groups may nurture progang views, how social networks bridge gang divides, the dehumanization and social dominance association with gang membership, and how membership longevity associates with gang members’ attitudes to their group. We conclude with theoretical prospects and empirical vistas for future work. For instance, vitality theory may help explain members’ immersion in gangs, discursive strategies could explain how youth are enticed into gangs, and examinations of community and law enforcement attitudes to gangs may provide insight into how oppositional attitudes are fostered on both sides of the gang divide.
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Bolden, Christian L. "Friendly foes: Hybrid gangs or social networking". Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 17, nr 6 (12.09.2014): 730–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430214548284.

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Hybrid gangs have been identified as having organizational processes that differ from traditional gangs. This study comparatively examines structural processes and characteristics of gangs in a chronic gang city, San Antonio, and an emerging gang city that would be more likely to have “hybrid” gangs, Orlando. A limited number of recent studies have indicated that some gangs may better fit into a social network framework, which calls into question presumptions about hybrid gangs. In this analysis, cooperation between gang members from rival gangs is examined through a social network lens, and findings indicate that such cooperation is a normalized process in the gang landscape.
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Rosen, Jonathan D., i José Miguel Cruz. "Overcoming Stigma and Discrimination: Challenges for Reinsertion of Gang Members in Developing Countries". International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, nr 15 (12.07.2018): 4758–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x18785517.

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This article is an effort to better understand the discrimination mechanisms that ex-gang members perceive upon leaving the gang and seeking to reinsert themselves into a society marked by high levels of violence and inequality, as in Central America. Based on 24 in-depth interviews with former members of MS-13, the 18th Street gang, and other street gangs in El Salvador, this article analyzes the different mechanisms of discrimination perceived by respondents as a result of the stigma of past gang membership. This article also documents how these perceptions of discrimination can affect individuals who are searching for employment opportunities and seeking to reinsert themselves into society.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Gang members – psychology"

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Kelly, Jane Frances. "Narratives of gang desistance amongst former gang members". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29549.

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Gangs are found all over the world, including South Africa. In Cape Town specifically, gang involvement is a critical problem in need of intervention. Despite this, little research has explored the perspectives of former gang members on leaving and staying out of the gang. Understanding how and why individuals desist from gangs has important implications for policymakers, the criminal justice system, and in the development of effective interventions, which is particularly important in low- and middle-income countries like South Africa, where very little is known about desistance from gangs, and where economic and other conditions that may lead to gang involvement are different from those in high-income countries. Drawing on a narrative theoretical framework as well as the theory of critical realism, this research sought to examine how former South African gang members understand and make sense of their desistance from gang involvement, focusing on exiting the gang life as well as maintaining a reformed lifestyle after exiting, despite the challenges this may present. Two rounds of life history interviews were conducted with twelve former gang members from a Cape Town community with a high prevalence of gangsterism. Thematic narrative analysis was used to analyse the interview data. Findings revealed that the participants’ narratives of desistance focused on a profound transformation in identity in which they moved away from the hardened, stoic gangster identity and embraced a more prosocial identity, such as that of a positive role model in the community. This transformation was a process punctuated with key turning points (such as incarceration or becoming religious) that prompted active reflection on the gang life and contributed to their decision to desist. The participants’ narratives also focused on their agency in the desistance process, which included forming a purposive intention to change their lives, committing to and maintaining this change, in spite of challenges they faced (for example, a relapse into drugs), taking personal responsibility for their pasts and striving for more independence in the future. Importantly, it also involved actively drawing on protective resources (such as meaningful and practical support from loved ones and religious belief systems) and prosocial identities (for example, being a caring husband and father) available to them within their environments, thus illustrating how the desistance process is an interaction between inner and outer resources. Therefore, it is imperative that interventions that assist desisting gangsters are targeted not only on an individual level, but a contextual level too, ensuring that individuals have access to the kinds of resources in their environment that will support their desistance.
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Gray, Lorraine. "Perceived Gender Role Conflict and Violence: Mexican American Gang Members". Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1440772642.

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Afalava, Natasha Leeann. "Utah Pacific Islander Former Gang Members: Meanings of Everyday Lived Experiences". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2914.

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Gangs continue to extend a strong influence around the United States, impacting most urban areas and spreading into suburban and rural communities. With approximately one million members actively involved, gangs account for up to 80% of crimes in some communities. Amidst crime and antisocial activities associated with gangs, gangs continue to be a strong allure for youth. Much research has investigated reasons for youth joining gangs; however, there is a lack of research exploring the kinds of experiences youths receive while living the gang life. According to Utah statistics, Pacific Islander youth are at high risk of joining a gang: A disproportionately high percentage of Utah gang members are of Pacific Islander decent. Pacific Islanders make up less than 1% of Utah's population while composing 13% of Utah's gang population and 1.6% of Utah's state prison population. Minimal research has been conducted to understand the kinds of experiences Pacific Islander youths experience while with the gang. This information is critical to informing effective prevention and intervention efforts. Addressing this need, this retrospective qualitative study focused on four males, Utah Pacific Islander former gang members who experienced gang life while in their youth. During one-on-one interviews with the primary investigator, each individual described his personal gang experiences, providing four detailed stories/descriptions of everyday lived experiences. Each interview portrayed themes of feeling respected, having access to things desired, feeling a family bond, and having the presence of significant others in their lives. Based on information shared in these four interviews, the discussion section summarizes implications for intervention and practice, providing insights to better understand underlying needs of Pacific Islander youth and reasons for entry into, continued activity in, and eventual exit from gang life.
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Mingo, Christopher Dominic. "Perceptions of gang violence in an Elsies River primary school in the Western Cape". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 1999. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Turnbull, Marie Elizabeth. "School Safety: Comparing Students' Perceptions with Faculty Members' Perceptions". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1438340194.

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Eggleston, Erin Jon. "An ethnology of youth texts on gangs, trouble and rehabilitation : a dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology at Massey University /". 1997. http://www.psychologist.net.nz/phd%20contents.htm.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massey University, 1997.
Includes bibliographical references. Also available in an electronic version via the Internet. Address as of 13/02/2003: http://www.psychologist.net.nz/phd%20contents.htm.
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"Assessing the Treatment Needs of Female Juvenile Gang Members: An Exploratory Study". Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.14710.

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abstract: The research on female juvenile gang members is limited in scope and research has not yet examined mental health issues in this population. This study examines the case histories of 127 female juvenile gang members who were arrested by the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice. To add to the limited gender-specific research on female juvenile gang members, data are presented regarding this population's mental health problems, childhood maltreatment, substance abuse problems, age of contact with the juvenile justice system, and other factors salient to female juvenile gang members' prevention, treatment, and intervention needs. Female juvenile gang members who had a mental health diagnosis were significantly more likely to report childhood maltreatment. Female juvenile gang members who were younger at their age of first arrest were significantly more likely to report chronic substance use. Clinical levels of anger-irritability and depression-anxiety were found for approximately half of female juvenile gang members and suicide ideation was found for approximately one fourth. These findings have important implications for practitioners and gender-specific prevention, intervention, and treatment programs targeted specifically for female juvenile gang members.
Dissertation/Thesis
M.S.W. Social Work 2012
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Książki na temat "Gang members – psychology"

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1959-, Roleff Tamara L., red. What encourages gang behavior? San Diego, Calif: Greenhaven Press, 2002.

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National Crime Prevention Centre (Canada), red. Youth gang involvement: What are the risk factors? Ottawa, Ont: National Crime Prevention Centre, 2007.

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Anonymous, California Gangs, red. The big book "as we see it". [Los Angeles: [California Gangs Anonymous Statewide Services, 1997.

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Hernandez, Arturo. Peace in the streets: Breaking the cycle of gang violence. Washington, DC: Child Welfare League of America, 1998.

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Cerbino, Mauro. Pandillas juveniles: Cultura y conflicto de la calle. Quito, Ecuador: Editorial El Conejo, 2004.

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Corthron, Kia. Breath, boom. New York: Dramatists Play Service, 2002.

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Harlan, Vernon T. Youth street gangs: Breaking the gangs cycle in urban America. San Francisco, Calif: Austin & Winfield, 1997.

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W, Branch Curtis, red. Adolescent gangs: Old issues, new approaches. Philadelphia, PA: Brunner/Mazel, 1999.

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P, Thornberry Terence, red. Gangs and delinquency in developmental perspective. Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

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McLagan, Graeme. Guns and gangs: Inside Black gun crime. London: Allison & Busby, 2005.

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Części książek na temat "Gang members – psychology"

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James, Mark. "Gang Member Typologies and Levels of Embeddedness". W Psychology of Gang Involvement, 36–48. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003242734-4.

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Kubik, Joanna, Ashley Schappell D’Inverno, Meagan Docherty, Carolina Herrera i Paul Boxer. "Addressing the problems of gangs and gang members in the justice system". W The Routledge International Handbook of Forensic Psychology in Secure Settings, 374–84. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315673073-28.

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Antony, Robert J. "The Laboring Poor and Banditry". W Unruly People. Hong Kong University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888208951.003.0007.

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While the archival records reveal little about the psychology of criminals and criminality, they do shed important light on the identities and personal backgrounds of bandits. In Chapter 7 the author examines the social composition of members of bandit gangs and sworn brotherhoods: age, marital status, geographic mobility, and occupations. Significantly, and contrary to the usual interpretation of banditry in the scholarly literature, the evidence from Guangdong demonstrates that banditry was not merely an occupation of younger men but also of older, more mature adults, many of whom were married with families. Most convicted bandits and brotherhood members came from China’s laboring poor, those individuals who were highly mobile, lived on the fringe of respectable society, and earned only a subsistence living. The fact that such a large number of bandits and brotherhood members were mature working family men suggests that they turned to crime in times of desperation or as a necessary supplement to honest work. Unemployment and chronic underemployment, the author maintains, forced many among the working poor to commit crime; stealing became an important, though normally only occasional, part of their livelihoods and life cycles.
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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Gang members – psychology"

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Parung, Christina Albertina Ludwinia, i I. Gusti Ayu Maya Vratasti. "PSYCHOEDUCATION TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF HIV AMONG MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN IN SURABAYA CITY". W International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact015.

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"Sexual transmission of HIV among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) is believed to be one of the sources of the AIDS epidemic. Nowadays, governments, communities, and NGOs are taking action to prevent its spread by assisting and educating groups of MSM in their countries. This assistance involves experts in many fields of study, including psychology. In the field of psychology, psychoeducation is believed to be one of the ways to assist the MSM groups. In September to December 2019, the authors conducted a mentoring effort to the MSM community at the MSM community gathering location called Gang Pattaya, in the city of Surabaya, the second largest and densely populated city in Indonesia The existence of this community is disguised by the general public, but is well known by NGOs. Community members do MSM out of their liking, although some do it in exchange for money. However, safety factors, such as using condoms for MSM, are not a priority for this community. They do MSM whether they receive a reward or not, just out of a boost of pleasure. There is no attempt to find out the health of the partner once they are attracted to each other. In general, they do not know whether they are infected with HIV. Most of them feel healthy and since they do not show any symptoms, they think it is not necessary to get tested. In the mentoring process, we conduct psychoeducation, which begins with an approach to certain individuals so that they are comfortable with our presence, then increasing awareness of safer sex behavior for HIV prevention for groups in the form of counseling using the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) approach. Counseling is carried out in various forms including roleplay, games, and seminars. The number of participants was 11 people as agents of changes of the community, varying from 19 - 47 years old. Pretest related to knowledge of safer sex was carried out before conducting the intervention and post-test after the intervention. The normality test used is the Shapiro-Wilk analysis. Different tests on the data obtained were carried out using the non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. None of the participants had lower post-test knowledge scores than the pre-test. Prestest and post test for safer sex behavior showed 2 participants with safer sex behavior did not change. Both belong to the senior group, while other participants have an improvement in their safer sex behavior. These findings suggest that intervention programs for MSM as an effort to reduce HIV transmission should pay attention to affective and cognitive coping strategies."
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