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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Gait and upper body”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 20 lutego 2023

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1

Shiraishi, M., i H. Watanabe. "Pneumatic Assist Device for Gait Restoration". Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 118, nr 1 (1.03.1996): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2801158.

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An assist device for gait restoration powered by body weight has been developed using pneumatic equipment. The aim of this system is to assist people who have weakened lower limbs and require rehabilitation for walking. An experimental design system based on a mechanical bracing structure demonstrates the possibility of using upper body weight to power a pneumatically operated assistive walking system for weakened lower limbs. Continuous forward stepping can be achieved by shifting the upper body weight consecutively from one walking stick to the other through the upper limbs. The main feature of the proposed device is that an individual “walks” using his own energy.

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Summa, A., G. Vannozzi i A. Cappozzo. "Upper body accelerations during gait in typically developing children". Gait & Posture 40 (sierpień 2014): S5—S6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.05.024.

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Nguyen, Trong-Nguyen, Huu-Hung Huynh i Jean Meunier. "Measurement of Human Gait Symmetry using Body Surface Normals Extracted from Depth Maps". Sensors 19, nr 4 (21.02.2019): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040891.

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In this paper, we introduce an approach for measuring human gait symmetry where the input is a sequence of depth maps of subject walking on a treadmill. Body surface normals are used to describe 3D information of the walking subject in each frame. Two different schemes for embedding the temporal factor into a symmetry index are proposed. Experiments on the whole body, as well as the lower limbs, were also considered to assess the usefulness of upper body information in this task. The potential of our method was demonstrated with a dataset of 97,200 depth maps of nine different walking gaits. An ROC analysis for abnormal gait detection gave the best result ( AUC = 0.958 ) compared with other related studies. The experimental results provided by our method confirm the contribution of upper body in gait analysis as well as the reliability of approximating average gait symmetry index without explicitly considering individual gait cycles for asymmetry detection.

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4

An, Kang, Chuanjiang Li, Zuhua Fang i Chengju Liu. "Effects of upper body parameters on biped walking efficiency studied by dynamic optimization". International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 14, nr 1 (22.12.2016): 172988141668270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881416682702.

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Walking efficiency is one of the considerations for designing biped robots. This article uses the dynamic optimization method to study the effects of upper body parameters, including upper body length and mass, on walking efficiency. Two minimal actuations, hip joint torque and push-off impulse, are used in the walking model, and minimal constraints are set in a free search using the dynamic optimization. Results show that there is an optimal solution of upper body length for the efficient walking within a range of walking speed and step length. For short step length, walking with a lighter upper body mass is found to be more efficient and vice versa. It is also found that for higher speed locomotion, the increase of the upper body length and mass can make the walking gait optimal rather than other kind of gaits. In addition, the typical strategy of an optimal walking gait is that just actuating the swing leg at the beginning of the step.

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Müller, Roy, Christian Rode, Soran Aminiaghdam, Johanna Vielemeyer i Reinhard Blickhan. "Force direction patterns promote whole body stability even in hip-flexed walking, but not upper body stability in human upright walking". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 473, nr 2207 (listopad 2017): 20170404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2017.0404.

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Directing the ground reaction forces to a focal point above the centre of mass of the whole body promotes whole body stability in human and animal gaits similar to a physical pendulum. Here we show that this is the case in human hip-flexed walking as well. For all upper body orientations (upright, 25°, 50°, maximum), the focal point was well above the centre of mass of the whole body, suggesting its general relevance for walking. Deviations of the forces' lines of action from the focal point increased with upper body inclination from 25 to 43 mm root mean square deviation (RMSD). With respect to the upper body in upright gait, the resulting force also passed near a focal point (17 mm RMSD between the net forces' lines of action and focal point), but this point was 18 cm below its centre of mass. While this behaviour mimics an unstable inverted pendulum, it leads to resulting torques of alternating sign in accordance with periodic upper body motion and probably provides for low metabolic cost of upright gait by keeping hip torques small. Stabilization of the upper body is a consequence of other mechanisms, e.g. hip reflexes or muscle preflexes.

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6

Romkes, J., E. Viehweger i K. Bracht-Schweizer. "Upper body gait deviations in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy". Gait & Posture 90 (październik 2021): 213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.09.110.

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Romkes, Jacqueline, Reinald Brunner i Katrin Schweizer. "Upper body gait kinematics in children with hemplegic cerebral palsy". Gait & Posture 39 (czerwiec 2014): S4—S5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.04.009.

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8

Lee, Daewook, Jiman Soon, Gyuri Choi, Kijoon Kim i Sangwoo Bahn. "Identification of the Visually Prominent Gait Parameters for Forensic Gait Analysis". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 4 (21.02.2022): 2467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042467.

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Walking patterns can be used as a key parameter in identifying individuals, as it varies visually depending on one’s body size as well as their habits, gender, and age group. In this study, we measure the gait characteristics of a large number of subjects using 34 visual parameters to identify significant parameters that can be used to distinguish individual walking features. We recorded 291 subjects’ walking on a constructed footpath using four video cameras, and data on parameters was calculated at the points of double support, toe-off, and heel-strike. K-means Clustering Analysis and ANOVA were conducted to determine the difference between age, gender, and BMI. As a result, we confirm that parameters related to the spine, neck, and feet are useful for identifying individuals. In the comparative analysis between age groups, the older the age, the more significant variables appeared in the upper body. The difference between genders showed significant parameters in both the upper and lower bodies of males. Similarly, among the large BMI groups, we also derived significant results in the upper and lower bodies. The key parameters derived from this study can be used more effectively in the real-world visual analysis of gait, as the walking characteristics of a large number of subjects have been measured with a similar view as real-world CCTV. This study will be effectively utilized as a foundation for future research attempting to identify people through their gait by distinguishing major gait characteristic differences.

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9

Honjo, Toyoyuki, i Hidehisa Yoshida. "Effect of Trunk Swinging Behaviors on Planar Bipedal Walking with an Upper Body on Gentle Slope". Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 31, nr 5 (20.10.2019): 686–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2019.p0686.

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Bipedal walking locomotion is one of the characteristics of human behavior. Both the lower body and the upper body (trunk) behaviors affect walking characteristics. To achieve a suitable gait, it is important to understand the effect of the trunk behavior. Therefore, in this paper, the effects of three types of trunk swinging behavior on planar bipedal gait in a model with an upper body – forward swinging, backward swinging, and no swinging – were evaluated using numerical simulations. To reduce control inputs and reflect the effect of upper body behavior, an underactuated bipedal walker without knee joints was adopted. This walker walked down a gentle slope using only hip actuation between the stance leg and the trunk. As a result, unique gait characteristics that depended on the direction of the trunk swinging behavior were found, including a longer step length and a lower-frequency gait with forward trunk swinging behavior and a shorter step length and higher-frequency gait with smaller angular momentum with backward trunk swinging behavior.

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10

Ganea, R., N. Goemans, M. van den Hauwe, K. Aminian, A. Paraschiv-Ionescu i P. Y. Jeannet. "M.P.3.01 Gait steadiness and upper-body kinematics in DMD children". Neuromuscular Disorders 19, nr 8-9 (wrzesień 2009): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nmd.2009.06.182.

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Freslier-Bossa, Marie, Pia Moser, Pascal Suter, Erich Rutz, Reinald Brunner i Jacqueline Romkes. "Walking speed affects upper body movements during gait in healthy subjects". Gait & Posture 30 (listopad 2009): S55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.08.083.

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12

Paradisi, Francesco, Eugenio Di Stanislao, Aurora Summa, Stefano Brunelli, M. Traballesi i Giuseppe Vannozzi. "Upper body accelerations during level walking in transtibial amputees". Prosthetics and Orthotics International 43, nr 2 (16.08.2018): 204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364618792745.

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Background: The observation of upper body movement is gaining interest in the gait analysis community. Recent studies involved the use of body-worn motion sensors, allowing translation of laboratory measurements to real-life settings in the context of patient monitoring and fall prevention. Objectives: It was shown that amputee persons demonstrate altered acceleration patterns due to the presence of prosthetic components, while no information is available on how accelerations propagate upwards to the head during level walking. This descriptive study aims to fill this gap. Study design: Original research report. Methods: Twenty definitive prosthesis users with transtibial amputation and 20 age-matched able-bodied individuals participated in the study. Three magneto-inertial measurement units were placed at head, sternum and pelvis level to assess acceleration root mean square. Three repetitions of the 10-m walking test were performed at a self-selected speed. Results: Acceleration root mean square was significantly larger at pelvis and head level in individuals with amputation than in able-bodied participants, mainly in the transverse plane ( p < 0.05). Differences were also observed in how accelerations propagate upwards, highlighting that a different motor strategy is adopted in amputee persons gait to compensate for increased instability. Conclusion: The obtained parameters allow an objective mobility assessment of amputee persons that can integrate with the traditional clinical approach. Clinical relevance Transtibial amputees exhibit asymmetries due to the sound limb’s support prevalence during gait: this is evidenced by amplified accelerations on the transverse plane and by related differences in upper body movement control. Assessing these accelerations and their attenuations upwards may be helpful to understand amputee’s motor strategies and to improve prosthetic training.

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13

Opila, K. A., A. C. Nicol i J. P. Paul. "Upper Limb Loadings of Gait With Crutches". Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 109, nr 4 (1.11.1987): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3138682.

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Long-term crutch users and patients with arthritis are particularly susceptible to upper limb joint degeneration during aided gait. The function of the walking aid for stability, support, and restraint/propulsion must be optimized with the upper limb loadings caused by the aids. Post-operative total hip replacement (THR) patients, tibial fracture, and paraplegic subjects using sticks and elbow crutches were analyzed in this study. Elbow and shoulder joint centers and aid orientations were monitored simultaneously in three dimensions and combined with aid forces to determine upper limb moment loadings. Three loading effects were observed: tendency for the aids to cause 1) the elbow to flex and shoulder to extend, 2) the elbow and shoulder to extend, and 3) the shoulder to abduct. Moment values of up to 0.10 Nm per body weight (BW) causing the shoulder to extend were measured, i.e., of similar magnitude to the moments at the hip in unaided gait. A modification of the elbow crutch, designed to improve medial-lateral stability, was unsuccessful in use due to wrist instability. This reinforced the requirement that crutch designs integrate the aid’s function in gait with the ability of the upper limb joints to balance the applied loads.

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14

Bajd, Tadej, Marincek Crt i Marko Munih. "Functional electrical stimulation with surface electrodes". Journal of Automatic Control 18, nr 2 (2008): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jac0802003b.

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The review investigates the objective evidences of benefits derived from surface functional electrical stimulation (FES) of lower and upper extremities for people after incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) and stroke. FES can offer noticeable benefits in walking ability. It can be efficiently combined with treadmill and body weight support. Voluntary muscle strength and endurance gain can be achieved through FES assisted gait training together with increased gait velocity in absence of electrical stimulator. Cyclic FES, FES augmented by biofeedback, and FES used in various daily activities can result in substantial improvements of the voluntary control of upper extremities.

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15

Zakaria, Nur Khalidah, Nooritawati Md Tahir, Rozita Jailani i Mayada M Taher. "Anomaly Gait Detection in ASD Children based on Markerless-based Gait Features". Jurnal Kejuruteraan 34, nr 5 (30.09.2022): 965–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2022-34(5)-25.

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Children with autism are known for their difficulties in social interaction, communication, and behaviour characteristics. Hence, this study proposed to develop a markerless-based gait method for anomaly gait detection in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Firstly, a depth sensor is used during walking gait data collection of the 23 ASD children and 30 typical healthy developing (TD) children. Further, these walking gait data are divided into the Reference Joint (REF) and Direct Joint (DIR) features. For each type, five sets of features are derived that represents the whole body, upper body, lower body, the right and left side of the body. The three classifiers used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method are Naïve Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Results showed that the highest accuracy, precisely 94.22%, is achieved using the ANN classifier with DIR1 gait features representing the whole body. The highest sensitivity and specificity obtained are 94.49% and 93.93% accordingly. In addition, the proposed markerless model using the DIR1 gait features and the ANN as classifier also outperformed previous studies that have utilised the marker-based model. This promising result showed that the proposed method could be used for early intervention for the ASD group. The markerless-based gait technique also has fewer experiment protocols, thus causing the ASD children to feel more comfortable.

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16

ASANO, Fumihiko. "Generation of Stealth Walking Gait for Underactuated Rimless Wheel with Upper Body". Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2017 (2017): 2P2—H03. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2017.2p2-h03.

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17

Summa, Aurora, Giuseppe Vannozzi, Elena Bergamini, Marco Iosa, Daniela Morelli i Aurelio Cappozzo. "Multilevel Upper Body Movement Control during Gait in Children with Cerebral Palsy". PLOS ONE 11, nr 3 (21.03.2016): e0151792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151792.

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18

Oeffinger, Donna, Chester Tylkowski i Sam Augsburger. "The effects of upper body weight bearing on gait kinematics and kinetics". Gait & Posture 7, nr 2 (marzec 1998): 184–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0966-6362(98)90281-8.

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19

Asano, Fumihiko, i Seiya Kobayashi. "Generation of Strict Stealth Walking Gait Using Upper Body and Reaction Wheel". IFAC-PapersOnLine 52, nr 16 (2019): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.11.813.

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20

Rum, Lorenzo, Luca Laudani, Andrea Macaluso i Giuseppe Vannozzi. "Upper body accelerations during planned gait termination in young and older women". Journal of Biomechanics 65 (grudzień 2017): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.10.019.

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Yamamoto, Sumiko, Souji Tanaka i Naoyuki Motojima. "Comparison of ankle–foot orthoses with plantar flexion stop and plantar flexion resistance in the gait of stroke patients: A randomized controlled trial". Prosthetics and Orthotics International 42, nr 5 (4.06.2018): 544–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364618774055.

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Background: The effect of plantar flexion resistance of ankle–foot orthoses on the ankle and knee joints is well known, but its effect on the hip joint and upper body movement during the gait of stroke patients remains unclear. Objectives: To compare the effect of an ankle–foot orthosis with plantar flexion stop and an ankle–foot orthosis with plantar flexion resistance on the gait of stroke patients in the subacute phase. Study design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: A total of 42 stroke patients (mean age = 59.9 ± 10.9 years, 36 men and 4 women) in the subacute phase were randomized to each ankle–foot orthosis group in a parallel controlled trial with no blinding. Patients received gait training from physiotherapists using the specified ankle–foot orthosis for 2 weeks. Shod gait without an ankle–foot orthosis before training and gait with an ankle–foot orthosis after training were measured by three-dimensional motion analysis. Results: A total of 20 patients were analyzed in each group. Significant differences were found in pelvic and thoracic tilt angles between the two groups. Compared with the gait without an ankle–foot orthosis, the pelvis showed forward tilt when patients walked with an ankle–foot orthosis with plantar flexion stop, and the thorax showed decreased forward tilt when the patients walked with an ankle–foot orthosis with plantar flexion resistance. Conclusion: The difference in ankle–foot orthosis function in sagittal plantar flexion resistance affected the alignment of the upper body and the pelvis during the gait of stroke patients in the subacute phase. Clinical relevance Maintaining upright posture is important in gait rehabilitation. The findings of this study suggest that the ankle–foot orthosis with plantar flexion resistance facilitated better alignment of the upper body and pelvis during the gait of stroke patients in subacute phase. This type of ankle–foot orthosis could be beneficial for patients with malalignment of the upper body and pelvis.

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Orlowski, Katja, Falko Eckardt, Fabian Herold, Norman Aye, Jürgen Edelmann-Nusser i Kerstin Witte. "Examination of the reliability of an inertial sensor-based gait analysis system". Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik 62, nr 6 (27.11.2017): 615–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2016-0067.

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AbstractGait analysis is an important and useful part of the daily therapeutic routine. InvestiGAIT, an inertial sensor-based system, was developed for using in different research projects with a changing number and position of sensors and because commercial systems do not capture the motion of the upper body. The current study is designed to evaluate the reliability of InvestiGAIT consisting of four off-the-shelf inertial sensors and in-house capturing and analysis software. Besides the determination of standard gait parameters, the motion of the upper body (pelvis and spine) can be investigated. Kinematic data of 25 healthy individuals (age: 25.6±3.3 years) were collected using a test-retest design with 1 week between measurement sessions. We calculated different parameters for absolute [e.g. limits of agreement (LoA)] and relative reliability [intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC)]. Our results show excellent ICC values for most of the gait parameters. Midswing height (MH), height difference (HD) of initial contact (IC) and terminal contact (TC) and stride length (SL) are the gait parameters, which did not exhibit acceptable values representing absolute reliability. Moreover, the parameters derived from the motion of the upper body (pelvis and spine) show excellent ICC values or high correlations. Our results indicate that InvestiGAIT is suitable for reliable measurement of almost all the considered gait parameters.

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Iosa, Marco, Augusto Fusco, Giovanni Morone i Stefano Paolucci. "Effects of Visual Deprivation on Gait Dynamic Stability". Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/974560.

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Vision can improve bipedal upright stability during standing and affect spatiotemporal parameters during walking. However, little is known about the effects of visual deprivation on gait dynamic stability. We have tested 28 subjects during walking under two different visual conditions, full vision (FV) and no vision (NV), measuring their upper body accelerations. Lower accelerations were found in NV for the reduced walking speed. However, the normalized accelerations were higher in the NV than in the FV condition, both in anteroposterior (1.05±0.21versus0.88±0.16,P=0.001) and laterolateral (0.99±0.26versus0.78±0.19,P<0.001) directions. Vision also affected the gait anteroposterior harmony (P=0.026) and, interacting with the environment, also the latero-lateral one (P=0.017). Directly (as main factor of the ANOVA) or indirectly (by means of significant interactions with other factors), vision affected all the measured parameters. In conclusion, participants showed an environment-dependent reduction of upper body stability and harmony when deprived by visual feedback.

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Tashman, S., F. E. Zajac i I. Perkash. "Modeling and Simulation of Paraplegic Ambulation in a Reciprocating Gait Orthosis". Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 117, nr 3 (1.08.1995): 300–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2794185.

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We developed a three dimensional, four segment, eight-degree-of-freedom model for the analysis of paraplegic ambulation in a reciprocating gait orthosis (RGO). Model development was guided by experimental analysis of a spinal cord injured individual walking in an RGO with the additional assistance of arm crutches. Body forces and torques required to produce a dynamic simulation of the RGO gait swing phase were found by solving an optimal control problem to track the recorded kinematics and ground reaction forces. We found that high upper body forces are required, not only during swing but probably also during double support to compensate for the deceleration of the body during swing, which is due to the pelvic thrust necessary to swing the leg forward. Other simulations showed that upper body forces and body deceleration during swing can be reduced substantially by producing a ballistic swing. Functional neuromuscular stimulation of the hip musculature during double support would then be required, however, to establish the initial conditions needed in a ballistic swing.

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Kwon, Hyun-Jung, Hyun-Joon Chung i Yujiang Xiang. "Human Gait Prediction with a High DOF Upper Body: A Multi-Objective Optimization of Discomfort and Energy Cost". International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 14, nr 01 (marzec 2017): 1650025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843616500250.

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To predict the 3D walking pattern of a human, a detailed upper body model that includes the spine, shoulders, and neck must be made, which is challenging because of the coupling relations of degrees of freedom (DOF) in these body sections. The objective of this study was to develop a discomfort function for including a high DOF upper body model during walking. A multi-objective optimization (MOO) method was formulated by minimizing dynamic effort (DE) and the discomfort function simultaneously. The discomfort function is defined as the sum of the squares of deviation of joint angles from their neutral angle positions. The neutral angle position is defined as a relaxed human posture without actively applied external forces. The DE is the sum of the joint torque squared. To illustrate the capability of including a high DOF upper body, backward walking is used as an example. By minimizing both DE and the discomfort function, a 3D whole-body model with a high DOF upper body for walking was simulated successfully. The proposed MOO is a promising human performance measure to predict human motion using a high DOF upper body with full range of motion. This has been demonstrated by simulating backward walking, lifting, and ingress motions.

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Best, Aaron N., i Amy R. Wu. "Upper body and ankle strategies compensate for reduced lateral stability at very slow walking speeds". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, nr 1936 (14.10.2020): 20201685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1685.

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At the typical walking speeds of healthy humans, step placement seems to be the primary strategy to maintain gait stability, with ankle torques and upper body momentum providing additional compensation. The average walking speeds of populations with an increased risk of falling, however, are much slower and may require differing control strategies. The purpose of this study was to analyse mediolateral gait stability and the contributions of the different control strategies at very slow walking speeds. We analysed an open dataset including kinematics and kinetics from eight healthy subjects walking at speeds from 0.1 to 0.6 m s −1 as well as a self-selected speed. As gait speed slowed, we found that the margin of stability (MoS) decreased linearly. Increased lateral excursions of the extrapolated centre of mass, caused by increased lateral excursions of the trunk, were not compensated for by an equivalent increase in the lateral centre of pressure, leading to decreased MoS. Additionally, both the ankle eversion torque and hip abduction torque at the minimum MoS event increased at the same rate as gait speed slowed. These results suggest that the contributions of both the ankle and the upper body to stability are more crucial than stepping at slow speeds, which have important implications for populations with slow gait and limited motor function.

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Zhu, Zhen Chao, Zhen Sui, Yan Tao Tian i Hong Jiang. "Modeling and Control of Passive Dynamic Walking Robot with Humanoid Gait". Applied Mechanics and Materials 461 (listopad 2013): 903–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.461.903.

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Considering the sagittal movement and the lateral swing in the humanoid practical walking, a new humanoid passive dynamic bipedal robot with the lateral movable upper body is proposed in this paper. The finite state machine (FSM) theory is adopted to control the robot, which changes agilely the control strategy according to the practical states of the humanoid gait. In the method, the torque compensation adaptive excitation control strategy is used for sagittal control and PID is applied to the upper body for the robots lateral stability. It is verified by the co-simulation based on ADAMS and MATLAB that the bipedal robot can reach the stable humanoid gait with the high energy efficiency.

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Bachschmidt, Rebecca A., Gerald F. Harris, Guy G. Simoneau i Jacqueline J. Wertsch. "A system for the analysis of upper body loads during walker-assisted gait". Gait & Posture 5, nr 2 (kwiecień 1997): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0966-6362(97)83391-7.

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Stensdotter, A., N. Pedersen, A. Wanvik, F. Öhberg, J. C. Fløvig i E. A. Fors. "Upper body 3-dimensional kinematics during gait in psychotic patients: a pilot-study". Experimental Brain Research 221, nr 4 (22.07.2012): 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-012-3184-7.

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Visser, J. M. A., A. M. Willon i R. C. Payne. "3D ANALYSIS OF UPPER BODY MOVEMENTS IN BILATERAL AMPUTEE GAIT USING INERTIAL SENSORS". Journal of Biomechanics 40 (styczeń 2007): S509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(07)70499-2.

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Bent, Leah R., J. Timothy Inglis i Bradford J. McFadyen. "When is Vestibular Information Important During Walking?" Journal of Neurophysiology 92, nr 3 (wrzesień 2004): 1269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01260.2003.

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Locomotion relies on vision, somatosensory input, and vestibular information. Both vision and somatosensory signals have been shown to be phase dependently modulated during locomotion; however, the regulation of vestibular information has not been investigated in humans. By delivering galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) to subjects at either heel contact, mid-stance, or toe-off, it was possible to investigate when vestibular information was important during the gait cycle. The results indicated a difference in the vestibular regulation of upper versus lower body control. Upper body responses to GVS applied at different times did not differ in magnitude for the head ( P = 0.2383), trunk ( P = 0.1473), or pelvis ( P = 0.1732) showing a similar dependence on vestibular information for upper body alignment across the gait cycle. In contrast, foot placement was dependent on the time when stimulation was delivered. Changes in foot placement were significantly larger at heel contact (during the double support phase) than when stimulation was delivered at mid-stance (in the single support phase of the gait cycle; P = 0.0193). These latter results demonstrate, for the first time, evidence of phase-dependent modulation of vestibular information during human walking.

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Lee, Kevin, i Wei Tang. "A Fully Wireless Wearable Motion Tracking System with 3D Human Model for Gait Analysis". Sensors 21, nr 12 (12.06.2021): 4051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21124051.

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This paper presents a wearable motion tracking system with recording and playback features. This system has been designed for gait analysis and interlimb coordination studies. It can be implemented to help reduce fall risk and to retrain gait in a rehabilitation setting. Our system consists of ten custom wearable straps, a receiver, and a central computer. Comparing with similar existing solutions, the proposed system is affordable and convenient, which can be used in both indoor and outdoor settings. In the experiment, the system calculates five gait parameters and has the potential to identify deviant gait patterns. The system can track upper body parameters such as arm swing, which has potential in the study of pathological gaits and the coordination of the limbs.

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Kusnanto, Kusnanto, Ganda Ardiansyah i Harmayetty Harmayetty. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NURSING INTERVENTIONS TRUNCAL CONTROL EXERCISE AGAINST THE UPPER LIMB FUNCTION, BALANCE, AND GAIT ON THE CLIENT POST STROKE". Jurnal NERS 11, nr 2 (30.11.2016): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jn.v11i22016.300-310.

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Introduction: Poststroke clients will have impaired postural body that can have affect to their balance, ability to gait and function of the upper limb. Truncal control exercise can improve and maintain body postural be good. Rehabilitation poststroke still focusing on upper and lower limbs exercise of hemiplegia compared postural body’s repair. Method: This type of research used experimental with quasy control group pretest – postest design. The number of samples obtained with consecutive sampling techniques that appropriate criteria research consists of 20 respondents (n = 10 treatment-and n-control = 10). The independent variable is the truncal control exercise. The dependent variable is the function of the upper limb, balance, and gait. Data were collected by using observation and checklist sheets. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and paired t-test with α = 0,05. Results and analysis: The results of statistical tests performed in the treatment group and the control was obtained p-value of the functional capabilities of the upper limb = 0.270 and p-value of performance of upper limb function = 0.289. The results of statistical tests performed in the treatment group and the control was obtained p-value of balance = 0.017. The results of statistical tests performed in the treatment group and the control was obtained p-value of gait = 0.026. Discussion and conclusion: Nursing interventions truncal control exercise have less effective results to changes in upper limb function, but it is effective to balance and walk clients pascastroke. Nursing interventions truncal control exercise have more effective results to changes in balance than gait on poststroke clients. Nursing interventions truncal control exercise can be continued as a form of collaborative action for medical-surgical nurse with physiotherapy to optimize rehabilitation programs of posstroke clients with balance and gait problems in clinic or home’s client.

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McGibbon, Chris A., i David E. Krebs. "Age-Related Changes in Lower Trunk Coordination and Energy Transfer During Gait". Journal of Neurophysiology 85, nr 5 (1.05.2001): 1923–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.85.5.1923.

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The effects of aging on lower trunk ( trunk–low-back joint–pelvis) coordination and energy transfer during locomotion has received little attention; consequently, there are scant biomechanical data available for comparison with patient populations whose upper body movements may be impaired by orthopaedic or neurologic disorders. To address this problem, we analyzed gait data from a cross-sectional sample of healthy adults ( n = 93) between 20 and 90 yr old ( n = 44 elderly, >50 yr old; n = 49 young, <50 yr old). Gait characteristics of elders were mostly typical: gait speed of elders (1.13 ± 0.20 m/s) was significantly ( P = 0.007) lower than gait speed of young subjects (1.20 ± 0.18 m/s). Although elders had less low-back (trunk relative to pelvis) range of motion (ROM; P = 0.013) during gait than young subjects, no age-related differences were detected in absolute trunk and pelvis ROM or peak pitch angles during gait. Despite similar upper body postures, there was a strong association between age and pelvis-trunk angular velocity phase angle ( r = 0.48, P < 0.001) with zero phase occurring at approximately 55 yr of age; young subjects lead with the pelvis while elderly subjects lead with the trunk. Age related changes in gait speed and low-back ROM were unable to explain the above findings. The trunk-leading strategy used by elders resulted in a sense reversal of the low-back joint power curve and increased ( P = 0.013) the mechanical energy expenditure required for eccentric control of the lower trunk musculature during stance phase of gait. These data suggest an age-related change in the control of lower trunk movements during gait that preserves upper body posture and walking speed but requires a leading trunk and higher mechanical energy demands of lower trunk musculature—two factors that may reduce the ability to recover from dynamic instabilities. The behavioral and motor control aspects of these findings may be important for understanding locomotor impairment compensations in aging humans and in quantifying falls risk.

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Huang, Wei-Yang, i Cheng-En Wu. "Interventions to Improve Body Composition, Upper and Lower Extremity Muscle Strength, and Balance Ability of Older Female Adults: An Intervention Study". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 8 (14.04.2022): 4765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084765.

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The aim of the present study was to understand the effects of a moderate-intensity physical activity program on the changes observed in the body composition, upper and lower extremity muscle strength, as well as balance in elderly female adults in order to evaluate sarcopenia. In this study, 30 healthy elderly females were recruited and were randomly assigned to either the control group or the experimental group. The experimental group engaged in a moderate-intensity physical activity program twice a week for 8 weeks. Using a body composition analyzer, the senior fitness test, and handgrip strength and gait speed tests, all participants were tested in pre- and post-tests. The results of the study revealed changes in the overall body composition in the experimental group, with significant decreases in body mass index, body fat percentage, and body fat mass and substantial increases in the basal metabolic rate and skeletal muscle mass, while the upper and lower extremity muscle strength and balance ability also showed significant improvements. The moderate-intensity physical activity program also increased upper limb handgrip strength and lower limb gait speed, showing that the plan was able to effectively evaluate sarcopenia. The study concluded that using upper limb handgrip strength and lower limb walking speed to evaluate sarcopenia are useful diagnostic tools. Moderate-intensity physical activity is effective for improving muscle strength and reducing sarcopenia.

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Yagi, Satoshi, Yoshihiro Nakata, Yutaka Nakamura i Hiroshi Ishiguro. "Perception of Emotional Expression of Mobile Humanoid Robot Using Gait-Induced Upper Body Motion". IEEE Access 9 (2021): 124793–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3110160.

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Frizera Neto, Anselmo, Juan A. Gallego, Eduardo Rocon, José L. Pons i Ramón Ceres. "Extraction of user's navigation commands from upper body force interaction in walker assisted gait". BioMedical Engineering OnLine 9, nr 1 (2010): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-925x-9-37.

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Romkes, Jacqueline, i Katrin Bracht-Schweizer. "The effects of walking speed on upper body kinematics during gait in healthy subjects". Gait & Posture 54 (maj 2017): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.03.025.

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SATO, HARUHIKO, i PAUL D. ANDREW. "FEASIBILITY OF ESTIMATING JOINT MOMENTS DURING GAIT WITH ONLY KINEMATIC DATA". Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 02, nr 02 (czerwiec 2002): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519402000320.

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A preliminary model is presented for estimating floor reaction forces during human walking based only on kinematic data. Such a model would be useful for supplementing purely qualitative gait analysis performed in clinics where force plates would be an unaffordable luxury, but not for situations in which quantitative data would be used in making such decisions as how to perform an orthopedic surgery. In this model, the vertical components of floor reaction forces are determined by conventional double differentiation of kinematic data, but the horizontal (fore-aft) components are based instead on constraints in which the floor reaction forces are characterized as acting through the center of mass of the upper body. To assess the accuracy of our calculations, we gathered data of gait by a healthy 22-year-old woman using a motion analysis system with force plates. Pathological gait data were also examined. Joint moments were computed from both force plate data and from our estimates of floor reaction forces. Prediction of vertical force showed higher reliability than prediction of fore-aft force. Joint moments from kinematics were successfully calculated in normal gait, but not in pathological gait, especially at the hip joint. The proposed approach may have some merit for performing a gait analysis even when no force plate is present, but the inaccuracy increases in the case of a subject whose upper body sways during gait.

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WANG, QINING, YAN HUANG, JINYING ZHU, LONG WANG i DONGJIAO LV. "EFFECTS OF FOOT SHAPE ON ENERGETIC EFFICIENCY AND DYNAMIC STABILITY OF PASSIVE DYNAMIC BIPED WITH UPPER BODY". International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 07, nr 02 (czerwiec 2010): 295–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021984361000209x.

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Passive dynamic walking has been developed as a possible explanation for the efficiency of the human gait. In this paper, we investigate the effects of foot shape on energetic efficiency and dynamic stability of passivity-based bipeds with upper body. Three walking models with point feet, round feet and flat feet were presented. Each model has an upper body constrained to keep midway between legs. We use computer simulations to find which foot shapes are indeed optimal in view of energetic efficiency and dynamic stability for a passive dynamic biped with upper body. Simulation results indicate that feet improve both the energetic efficiency and dynamic stability of passive dynamic bipeds.

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Kim, Kyoung, Yoav Gimmon, Jennifer Millar i Michael Schubert. "Using Inertial Sensors to Quantify Postural Sway and Gait Performance during the Tandem Walking Test". Sensors 19, nr 4 (13.02.2019): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040751.

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Vestibular dysfunction typically manifests as postural instability and gait irregularities, in part due to inaccuracies in processing spatial afference. In this study, we have instrumented the tandem walking test with multiple inertial sensors to easily and precisely investigate novel variables that can distinguish abnormal postural and gait control in patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction. Ten healthy adults and five patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction were assessed with the tandem walking test during eyes open and eyes closed conditions. Each subject donned five inertial sensors on the upper body (head, trunk, and pelvis) and lower body (each lateral malleolus). Our results indicate that measuring the degree of balance and gait regularity using five body-worn inertial sensors during the tandem walking test provides a novel quantification of movement that identifies abnormalities in patients with vestibular impairment.

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Ando, Tomoaki, Yojiro Yamasaki i Shinichi Yoshinaga. "1210 Gait Generation of a Compass-Like Biped Model in Consideration of the Upper Body". Proceedings of Conference of Chugoku-Shikoku Branch 2008.46 (2008): 459–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecs.2008.46.459.

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Romkes, Jacqueline, Wietske Peeters, Aidia M. Oosterom, Sara Molenaar, Iris Bakels i Reinald Brunner. "Evaluating upper body movements during gait in healthy children and children with diplegic cerebral palsy". Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B 16, nr 3 (maj 2007): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bpb.0b013e32801405bf.

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FUJIMOTO, Tetsuro, i Fumihiko ASANO. "2P1-T05 Skipping Gait of Bipedal Robot with Upper Body Walking on Limited Friction Surface". Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2015 (2015): _2P1—T05_1—_2P1—T05_4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2015._2p1-t05_1.

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Kang, Gu Eon, i M. Melissa Gross. "Concurrent validation of magnetic and inertial measurement units in estimating upper body posture during gait". Measurement 82 (marzec 2016): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2016.01.007.

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Buckley, Christopher, Brook Galna, Lynn Rochester i Claudia Mazzà. "Attenuation of Upper Body Accelerations during Gait: Piloting an Innovative Assessment Tool for Parkinson’s Disease". BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/865873.

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The objective of the current investigation was to explore whether upper body accelerations obtained during gait provide sensitive measures of postural control in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Thirteen people with PD (70±11years) and nineteen age-matched controls (70±7years) walked continuously for two minutes while wearing three inertial sensors located on their lower back (L5), shoulder level (C7), and head. Magnitude (root mean square (RMS)), attenuation (attenuation coefficient), and smoothness (Harmonic ratios, HR) of the accelerations were calculated. People with PD demonstrated greater RMS, particularly in the mediolateral direction, but similar harmonic ratio of head accelerations compared to controls. In addition, they did not attenuate accelerations through the trunk and neck as well as control participants. Our findings indicate that measuring upper body movement provides unique information regarding postural control in PD and that poor attenuation of acceleration from the pelvis to the head contributes to impaired head control. This information is simple to measure and appears to be sensitive to PD and, consequently, is proposed to benefit researchers and clinicians.

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ASANO, Fumihiko, i Seiya KOBAYASHI. "Generation of Stealth Walking Gait on Frictionless Level Surface Utilizing Upper Body and Reaction Wheel". Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2019 (2019): 1A1—O01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2019.1a1-o01.

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KOBAYASHI, Seiya, i Fumihiko ASANO. "Generation of Stealth Walking Gait on Frictionless Descending Stairs Utilizing Upper Body and Reaction Wheel". Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2019 (2019): 1A1—O02. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2019.1a1-o02.

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Panwar, Ruchi, i N. Sukavanam. "Trajectory tracking using artificial neural network for stable human-like gait with upper body motion". Neural Computing and Applications 32, nr 7 (21.11.2018): 2601–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00521-018-3842-1.

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Phan, Huu Lam, Thi Huong Le, Jung Min Lim, Chang Ho Hwang i Kyo-in Koo. "Effectiveness of Augmented Reality in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Meta-Analysis". Applied Sciences 12, nr 4 (11.02.2022): 1848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12041848.

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Augmented reality (AR)-based rehabilitation shows potential to improve upper and lower limb function after stroke. This study aims to review the effect of AR technology in the recovery of the upper and lower limb function in stroke patients. Published randomized controlled trials and observational investigations with adult stroke patients were retrieved from five electronic databases to analyze the effect of the AR systems in improving motor function and balance and gait function for stroke patients. The treatment effect was estimated by standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using a random effect model for motor function outcomes at the body structure and function, body activity and participation level of the International Classification of Functioning, and balance and gait outcomes. In total, 13 investigations (9 for the upper limb and 4 for the lower limb) were identified. AR demonstrated a significant influence on the upper limb function (SMD = 0.657; 95% CI, 0.287 to 1.026; p = 0.000) and the lower limb function (SMD = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.039 to 1.001; p = 0.034). The present analysis suggests that AR applications could offer options for increasing treatment intensity and promoting motor recovery after a stroke. This approach can be used with the conventional rehabilitation methods as a new intervention for recovering upper and lower limb function.

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