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Elmelund-Præstekær, Christian, Michael Baggesen Klitgaard i Gijs Schumacher. "What wins public support? Communicating or obfuscating welfare state retrenchment". European Political Science Review 7, nr 3 (24.11.2014): 427–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773914000253.
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Conventional wisdom holds that in order to evade electoral punishment governments obfuscate welfare state retrenchment. However, governments do not uniformly lose votes in elections after they cut back on welfare benefits or services. Recent evidence indicates that some of these unpopular reforms are in fact vote-winners for the government. Our study of eight Danish labor marked related reforms uses insights from experimental framing studies to evaluate the impact of welfare state retrenchment on government popularity. We hypothesize that communicating retrenchment is a better strategy than obfuscating retrenchment measures. In addition, we hypothesize that the opposition’s choice between arguing against the retrenchment measure, or staying silent on the issue, affects the government’s popularity. Thus, the study presents a novel theoretical model of the popularity effects of welfare state retrenchment. In order to evaluate our propositions, we move beyond the standard measure in the literature and use monthly opinion polls to reduce the number of other factors that might affect government popularity. We demonstrate that governments can evade popular punishment by communication. They can even gain popularity if the opposition chooses not to attack. On the other hand, government popularity declines if the government obfuscates – and the decline is even larger if the opposition chooses to attack.
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Reissová, Alice, Jana Šimsová i Ralph Sonntag. "Moving Across Borders: Brain or brain gain? A comparative in Czechia and Germany". GeoScape 15, nr 1 (1.06.2021): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geosc-2021-0003.
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Abstract The continuous drain of young university graduates leaving the country poses the threat of considerable loss, both economic and social. On the other hand, temporary labour migration can bring positive effects (experience, foreign know how). The objective of the article was to identify the attitude of German and Czech university undergraduates to labour migration and to explore the motivation factors that play a role in their decision-making. The research sample consisted of students of economics who study at regional universities in North Bohemia and neighbouring German Saxony. It was established that German students declare a greater interest in working abroad, but they tend to prefer temporary labour migration, while Czech students think more about permanently moving abroad, provided they are considering leaving for another country. Logistic forward stepwise regression was selected to establish significant explaining variables. Surprisingly, “higher salary” did not figure in the created models as an explaining variable in a single case. The amount of salary is an important motivation factor (both for Czech and German students), however, it is not the main factor which influences their decision to go abroad. The explaining variables “I want to live in a different country” and “the opportunity to gain international work experience” were shown in both cases. Governments as well as regional authorities should pay attention to the reasons why qualified workers decide on labour migration and they should pay due care to establishing why qualified workers want to live in a different country. Temporary labour migration should be encouraged and, at the same time, such conditions should be created to motivate highly qualified workers to return home. Highlights for public administration, management and planning: • The departure of young people with a university degree abroad represents considerable not only economic but also social losses. • Temporary labour migration, however, can bring positive effects (experience, foreign know-how). German students declare interest in temporary labour migration, while Czech students prefer permanent migration. • The salary is an important motivational factor (for both Czech and German students), but it is not the main factor that influences the decision to move abroad. • Governments, as well as regional authorities, should pay attention to the reasons that lead qualified workers to decide for labour migration and to look closely at answers to why young people want to live in another country. • Temporary labour migration should be supported by both government and regional authorities. In contrast, conditions should be created to eliminate permanent labour migration.
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Williams, Heather L. "Of Labor Tragedy and Legal Farce". Social Science History 27, nr 4 (2003): 525–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200012670.
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It is commonly assumed that transnational activist networks have greater power to compel state and private sector actors to address rights-based grievances as networks grow and activists gain greater visibility in the mass media. However, evidence from case studies of transnational mobilization suggests that the opposite may hold true under given circumstances. This article examines the struggle for an independent union in the Tijuana-based Han Young welding facility, which in 1997 and 1998 became one of the most important tests to date of labor law and institutions across the U.S.-Mexico border. Drawing international press, the Han Young factory conflict eventually drew in national labor unions, a multinational corporation, state governments, the U.S. and Mexican congresses, powerful private-sector lobbies, Mexican district courts, labor secretariats, national and regional media in Mexico and the United States, and eventually then Mexican president Ernest Zedillo and then U.S. president Bill Clinton. Despite the prominence of the case, however, the Han Young struggle ended in almost total defeat for labor. Evidence from the Han Young case suggests that as conflicts become more complex and drawn out, transnational activists' real influence may decrease, as redress of particular demands requires increasingly complex and surgical interventions to resolve problems. When conflicts implicate internecine power struggles among government actors, solving problems requires confrontations not only over social demands, but also over implementation of agreements when they are reached.
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Ul'masov, R., i N. Kurbanov. "LABOR MIGRATION AND FEATURES OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE RUSSIAN LABOR MARKET DURING AND AFTER THE PANDEMIC". SOCIAL & LABOR RESEARCHES 3, nr 44 (2021): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34022/2658-3712-2021-44-3-45-53.
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The paper aims to study the impact of labor migration on the construction and other sectors of the Russian economy, where labor from Tajikistan and other CIS countries is widely used, considering the factor of the coronavirus pandemic. The methodological basis of the study was the analysis of statistical data. The authors apply general scientific and special research methods. The study highlights the strategic challenges and guidelines for the development of labor migration. The paper outlines differences and common features of attitudes towards labor migrants on the part of employers and government agencies, as well as some features of migrating human capital associated with the complexity and diversity of cultures, knowledge, skills, abilities, qualifications, experience and motivation. The authors conclude that the restoration of labor migration in conditions of mass vaccination and compliance with sanitary and epidemiological requirements would fully provide labor for the construction and other segments of the Russian economy, gain the necessary pace of development, and propose specific measures to optimize migration flows and rational use of labor migrants.
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Malima, Martin K. "CHALLENGES IN COMBATING CHILD LABOUR IN SMALL-SCALE GOLD MINING COMMUNITIES IN SHINYANGA REGION, TANZANIA". International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences 3, nr 2 (9.06.2021): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/ijarss.v3i2.225.
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Combating child labour in Tanzania is a challenging endeavour especially in small-scale gold mining communities. Studies on child labour in Tanzania indicate that the government in partnership with international actors has undertaken several intervention actions to control and eliminate child labour in the country. Yet, child labour continues to be dominant in virtually all economic sectors including small-scale gold mining for reasons not sufficiently known. This research sets out to explore the challenges that face anti-child labour actors in their efforts to control and reduce child labour in Kahama district in Shinyanga region. The study uses a qualitative methodology in order to gain an in-depth insight of the context, cultural realities, community members’ views and experiences relating to child labour in small-scale gold mining communities. A sample size of 38 participants was drawn from among regional and district government officials, non-governmental organization (NGO) workers and community-based organization (CBO) activists responsible for combating child labour, small-scale gold miners, parents and children in Shinyanga region. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and documents review. Findings revealed seven challenges facing anti-child labour actors in their efforts to combat child labour in small-scale gold mining communities all arising from within the household, local community and government contexts. The study recommends that the government, policy makers and other stakeholders should develop policy interventions that effectively address these challenges in order to eradicate child labour in small-scale gold mining communities in the country. Keywords: Child Labour, Small-Scale Gold Mining, Anti-Child Labour Actors, Challenges.
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Prince, Ruth J. "Seeking Incorporation? Voluntary Labor and the Ambiguities of Work, Identity, and Social Value in Contemporary Kenya". African Studies Review 58, nr 2 (wrzesień 2015): 85–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2015.39.
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Abstract:This article seeks to understand why Kenyans have responded so enthusiastically to the recent push, by the government and NGOs, for voluntary labor within health and development projects and interventions. It argues that voluntary labor gains meaning and value in relation to broader economies of work and unemployment, to anxieties about identity, recognition, and belonging, and to aspirations for personal as well as national development. In the context of precarious economies and the contraction of formal employment opportunities, voluntary labor constitutes valued, if unpaid, work; it offers opportunities for those excluded from formal employment to gain a valued identity and a sense of social worth; and it makes volunteers visible to powerful institutions (state and nonstate) that hold the keys to personal growth, social recognition, and developmental futures. Voluntary labor is a site of struggles about identity, social value, and recognition, which the decline of twentieth-century trajectories of progress has made acute.
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Morse, Tim. "Dying to Know: A Historical Analysis of the Right-to-Know Movement". NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 8, nr 1 (maj 1998): 117–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104829119800800117.
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The history of the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard is presented, with the implications for the role of government in regulation of job health and safety. The gaining of the Right-to-Know about chemical exposure was a significant achievement for labor, although it took fifteen years to gain a national standard. Labor and community group coalitions, divisions between chemical producers and chemical users, economic forces, third-party law-suits, and the difficulties in NIOSH/OSHA obtaining chemical identities were all important factors in gaining a standard. Chemical producers shifted from an ideology of “everything is safe” to “everything is dangerous,” and finally had to mount a campaign to get the Reagan administration to issue a national standard as a way to pre-empt state and local laws. The case illustrates the relatively greater power of industry, but that workers were able to gain increased control over their work through organizing.
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Ghazali, Mohd Safwan, Tan Peck Leong i Sazlin Suhalmie Shariff. "Rohingya Refugees Employment Readiness to Malaysian Labour Market: Challenges and the way forward". Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 5, nr 14 (1.07.2020): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i14.2099.
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A refugee in Malaysia cannot work legally due to this nation has not acceded to the 1951 Refugee Convention or its 1967 Protocol. This protracted circumstance has led the refugee community to work illegally. Analysis from literature found that the Rohingya refugees are not suitable to work in confined environment and less job mobility, which partly due to human capital constraints and some job mismatch issues. Future research is called to gain empirical data on understanding the readiness, challenges, and strategies to be implemented. The article is prominent in assisting the government in providing a clear stance on the role of Rohingya refugees in the Malaysian labor market. Keywords:Rohingya refugees; Employment; Labour Market; Readiness. eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i14.2099
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Kumar, Senthil. "Empowerment or exploitation: the case of women employment system in India's textile and clothing industry". Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 4, nr 8 (26.11.2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-12-2013-0229.
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Subject area Governance challenges in reverse value chain. Study level/applicability Women employment system in textile and clothing industry. Case overview The textile and clothing firms, often frustrated by frequent labor issues, used an innovative employment scheme – Sumangali scheme – to employ young female workers from poor families in rural areas, aged between 18 and 25 years, as apprentices for three years who would stay in dormitories located in the vicinity of the factories, draw low wages with minimum benefits. But the scheme was criticized by labor unions and Europe- and US-based non-governmental organization (NGOs) on the grounds of alleged violation of labor rights such as freedom of association, freedom of movement, exploitative working conditions, low wages with minimum or no benefits, long working hours and abusive supervisors. Their public campaign against the alleged employment practices has put tremendous pressure on the global buyers to take steps to ameliorate the situation. In the wake of campaign by NGOs, few buyers have even terminated the relationship with the manufacturers. Others have warned action against those erring manufacturers. The actions by global buyers, NGOs against some of the women employment practices raised several questions in the minds of manufacturers. They were wondering why US- and Europe-based NGOs were up in arms to dump an employment scheme unmindful of socio-economic realities in India? Is it a clever ploy that developed nations use some private, voluntary, corporate social responsibility norms to stop companies purchasing textile and clothing products from a developing country like India on the grounds of violation of labor rights? As per the International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention No. 81, it is the responsibility of central/state governments to inspect and monitor labor employment practices in an industry. Then why NGOs and other private groups volunteer to become watch dogs of labor practices and launch campaigns against mills? Would it not undermine the role of government in ensuring industrial harmony? Even if NGOs' actions are justified on the grounds of moral and ethical principles, what role should they play when it comes to management–worker relationship? In the Indian context, only the government can interfere if the relationship turns sour? Should NGOs need to use a different set of ethical standards which are more relevant and contextual to the socio-economic environment in India? Expected learning outcomes To understand evolution of apparel global value chain and workforce development challenges in India; to explore the link between consumer activism and corporate social responsibility; to explore the challenge of addressing issues such as alleged human rights violation and labor exploitation by independent suppliers located in India; to explore the challenges faced by global buyers in contextualizing, operationalizing and realizing certain human rights along the supply chain located in India; and to explore sustainability challenges of women employment in textile and clothing mills in India. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Social implications Sustenance of women employment system in India's textile and clothing industry and its associated challenges.
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Hoang Hai, Ha, i Dung Vu Thi. "Mobilizing American and Western support and sympathy for the Vietnamese Revolution through people’s diplomacy (1965-1973)". Journal of Science Social Science 66, nr 3 (sierpień 2021): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1067.2021-0054.
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The article investigates people's diplomacy of Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) from 1965 to1973, aiming to gain American and Western support and sympathy for the Vietnamese revolution. The resistance war against the US became more difficult and fiercer when the US government deployed more political and diplomatic activities to support its military campaigns in South Vietnam as well as negotiations at the Paris Conference. In addition, the Sino-Soviet split had been growing more tense, causing many difficulties for Vietnam’s anti-imperialist struggle. Therefore, the Labor Party of Vietnam and the Government of the DRV paid great attention to people’s diplomacy aiming to demonstrate Vietnam's position on American War, the legitimacy of the anti-American resistance war, thereby bringing popular pressure to bear on US government to sign the 1973 Paris Peace Accords and withdraw US military troops.
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Whyte, Christine. "A State of Underdevelopment: Sovereignty, Nation-Building and Labor in Liberia 1898–1961". International Labor and Working-Class History 92 (2017): 24–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547917000084.
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AbstractIn the nineteenth and early twentieth century, Liberia was in the unusual position of being a colony with no metropole. Without military or financial support, the settlers’ control over their territory remained weak. Surrounding European empires preyed on this weakness, and Americo-Liberian rule was often at risk from coalitions of European forces and indigenous African resistance. From the early twentieth century, the political elite took on the concept of “development” as a central part of government policy in an attempt to gain political and economic control of the hinterland areas and stave off European incursions. This policy involved the extension and reinforcement of labor policies and practices that had developed through the nineteenth century as means to incorporate settlers and indigenous people into Liberian society. When these plans failed, huge swathes of territory were turned over to foreign commercial interests in an attempt to bolster Liberian claims to sovereignty. And after the Second World War, new policies of “community development” introduced by international agencies again tried to solve Liberia's “land and labor” problem through resettlement. At each stage developmentalist rationales were deployed in order to facilitate greater government control over the Liberian interior territory.
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Ariffin, Rohanna. "Changing Employment Structures and Their Effects on Industrial Relations in Malaysia". Economic and Labour Relations Review 8, nr 1 (czerwiec 1997): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530469700800104.
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This paper describes the various stages of industrialisation through which Malaysia has passed, beginning with import substitution in the 1960s, export-oriented industries of the 1970s to heavy industries in the 1980s. The public sector, which used to employ a substantial percentage of the labour force and a high percentage of ethnic Malays, has been reduced as a result of the government's decision to corporatise and privatise many of its agencies. However, as more Malays have began working in the industrial sector, a new phenomena of an emerging Malay proletariat alongside the non-Malays has become evident. They now form more than half of the union leadership and are strongly represented among skilled workers. Whether the government will become more liberal with its laws and policies towards unions in the future is uncertain, as the democratic process in Malaysia has yet to gain a firm hold.
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McAllister, Ian. "Australia: 11 July—Consolidating the Hawke Ascendancy". Government and Opposition 22, nr 4 (1.10.1987): 435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1988.tb00066.x.
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ON 11 JULY 1987 THE AUSTRALIAN LABOR PARTY (ALP) WAS returned, with an increased majority, to an unprecedented third term in federal government. The election result was doubly remarkable. First, the ALP has traditionally been unable to gain more than two terms in office. Schisms and factional conflict have generally ruined Labor's chances of a third period in office, as in 1949, when Ben Chifley failed to gain a third term, and in 1975, when the same fate befell Gough Whitlam, following a constitutional crisis. Secondly, the party retained office during a period of economic crisis unprecedented in Australia's modern history, a crisis which might have been expected to sweep the opposition Liberal–National coalition to power.
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Van Eck, Stefan. "Temporary Employment Services (Labour Brokers) in South Africa and Namibia". Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 13, nr 2 (15.06.2017): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2010/v13i2a2642.
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South Africa currently allows labour broking although this area of commerce is problematic. The trade union movement, government and organised business are presently debating the future regulation of this industry. Namibia has experimented with, and failed, to place a legislative ban on labour broking. The Supreme Court of Appeal of Namibia considered International Labour Organisation conventions and provisions of their Constitution before concluding that labour broking should be regulated but not prohibited. In this article it is argued that South African policy makers can gain valuable insights from the Namibian experience. It is submitted that it would be appropriate for Parliament to take cognisance of international and foreign principles and to accept amendments that would provide for stricter regulation for labour broking, rather than placing an outright ban on this economic activity.
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Thorpe, Andrew. "The Industrial Meaning of “Gradualism”: The Labour Party and Industry, 1918–1931". Journal of British Studies 35, nr 1 (styczeń 1996): 84–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386097.
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In the period from 1918 until 1931, the British Labour party adhered to the precepts of “gradualism”: incrementally and by degrees, the party would gain support and pass legislation in an inexorable progress toward the socialist millennium. For a while, it seemed that this strategy would carry all before it. Emerging from the First World War with a “socialist” commitment, it became the largest opposition party at the 1918 general election. In 1922 it became the clear opposition to the Conservatives, and Ramsay MacDonald was reelected leader after an eight-year break. A short-lived minority Labour government in 1924 was followed by heavy electoral defeat, but the party was able to form its second minority government in 1929. However, its credibility was destroyed by soaring unemployment, and the ministry collapsed in the summer of 1931 after failing to agree on public expenditure cuts. MacDonald and the chancellor of the Exchequer, Philip Snowden, led a small Labour cohort into a “National” government, which went on to crush Labour at the polls that October. Detailed work on this complex period of Labour's history is hard to find, however. Little work has been done on policy: in particular, it is surprising that, given the party's symbiotic link with trade unionism and the central role of industry in Labour leaders' conception of the transformation to socialism, so little attention has been paid to the party's industrial policy in this period.Gradualism implied that socialism would emerge from the success of capitalism.
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Koene, Bas, i Hugo van Driel. "The Rhetoric of Restraint: The Struggle for Legitimacy of the Dutch Temporary Work Agency Industry, 1961–1996". Enterprise & Society 12, nr 3 (wrzesień 2011): 562–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700010223.
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In many countries governments and labor unions have contested the post-war rise of temporary agency work, arguing that this innovation infringed on workers' rights and security. We investigate the rhetorical strategies used by Dutch temporary work agencies (TWAs) to gain legitimacy for their business between 1961 and 1996. Our conclusion is that the TWAs' trade association ABU developed a sophisticated rhetoric of “self-restraint” to legitimize the deployment of a non-standard labor arrangement. The core message was that – if applied properly - agency work did not threaten permanent employment. The complexity of the inclusive nature of this rhetorical approach, aiming to acknowledge the concerns of multiple stakeholders, was reflected in ABU's difficulty in aligning its claims of socially responsible behavior with an effective defense of the sector's economic interests. Still, the consistent focus on restraint lent credibility to the claimed function of “allocating” workers to their jobs that eventually gained the TWA industry fundamental acceptance as a responsible labor market actor.
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Arndt, Christoph. "Public policy-making and risk profiles: Scandinavian centre-right governments after the turn of the millennium". European Political Science Review 9, nr 4 (18.04.2016): 495–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773916000072.
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Recent theoretical advances in the welfare state literature have outlined the differences between labour market- and life course-related schemes as centre-right parties have difficulties in enacting retrenchment on life course-related schemes because these concern every voter. In contrast, the textbook risk profile of centre-right parties’ electorates allows them to cutback on labour market-related schemes as these parties get negligible support from workers and low-income voters. Conducting a comparative case study of recent Danish and Swedish centre-right governments, this article analyses the stylized assumptions on the party level by comparing two similar centre-right governments, which differed in their voter coalitions’ risk profile. I first argue that centre-right governments are generally constrained by the popular entrenchment of the universal welfare state when it comes to life course-related welfare schemes. Second, I argue that the leeway on labour market-related schemes is contingent on the actual risk profile of the centre-right’s electorate, and thereby move beyond the stylized assumptions from recent literature. In this respect, the Danish centre-right did, in contrast to its Swedish counterpart, gain power with an unusual high support among working-class voters which constrained its latitude on labour market-related schemes. I find that the Danish centre-right governments after 2001 acted with bound hands thanks to its high working-class backing, and refrained from outright cutbacks on both labour market- and life course-related schemes until 2010 except for labour market outsiders. In contrast, the Swedish centre-right had a much lower working-class backing and therefore engaged in some outright cutbacks of labour market-related schemes such as unemployment benefits directly after taking office 2006. The centre-right’s actual voter coalition’s risk profile is thus an important determinant for its public policies and its leeway for policy-seeking.
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Haq, Jabbar Ul, Sana Khanum i Kashif Imran. "Skill-biased Impact of Trade Liberalization on Employment in the manufacturing sector of Pakistan". Global Economics Review VI, nr II (30.06.2021): 212–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2021(vi-ii).17.
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This study explores the association between trade liberalization and skilled employment from 1990 to 2005. Our estimation approach analyzes how skilled employment is affected by the protection rate. Trade liberalization and skilled employment are associated. Liberalization has increased skilled employment in the manufacturing sector of Pakistan. The findings also indicated a significant link between skilled labor and lagged policy. The results are also robust after including the different trade-related variables. The policy insinuation is that the government should provide free education programs and technical packages in their economies to gain from the benefits of trade liberalization.
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Chaturvedi, Dr Pritha. "MSMEs Gain Momentum: An Insight into the Fund Allocation in the Budget over the years". BSSS Journal of Management 12, nr 1 (30.06.2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51767/jm1202.
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The Micro, Small and Medium enterprises (MSMEs) are the largest employers in the country after agriculture. The labor intensive sector employs approximately 114 million persons and contributes nearly 30 per cent to India’s GDP. MSME is considered as the boon for the fresh talents in India promoting economic solidity in terms of growth and export. Approximately 50 per cent of our exports come from goods and services produced and sold by the sector. Not only that the MSMEs and its contributions are directly or indirectly benefitting many other prime sectors of the country. The government acknowledging the importance of the sector grants a major part of its outlay on the same. The article is an attempt to present the analysis of the improvisation in the fund allocation for the sector in the last three budgets till the current one passed on 17th of March 2021.
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Azarian, Mahdieh Sabaghpour, i Abdul Rahman Ahmad Dahlan . "Effectiveness of Knowledge Management in Achieving Success in Malaysian Government Agencies: A Literature Review". Information Management and Business Review 5, nr 7 (30.07.2013): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v5i7.1058.
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As knowledge is being accepted as an inseparable imperative strategy of organization, organizations look at knowledge as a power, which drives advantages to them. However, many organizations believe it is not about just the existence of knowledge but the organizational growth is being driven from the act of knowledge sharing. As modern economy, takes knowledge as a point to achieve project success, this competitive advantage is being utilized from the greater degree of inter-organizational utilization of information and data coupled with the harnessing of people’s skills and ideas as well as their commitments and motivations. Therefore, it is undeniable that today's knowledge is an essential asset of every single company and it has become more important than land, labor or capital in today’s economy. This paper investigates on the importance of knowledge management in generating of project success by analyzing whether or not government companies and agencies in Malaysia practice Knowledge Management. In this regard, a research has been conducted amongst fifteen Malaysian governmental companies and agencies to find how effective project managers in Malaysian government companies, integrate Knowledge Management criteria and key success elements in order to achieve project success and gain success.
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Shabanov, Roman, Olena Kovalenko, Iryna Shulga, Iryna Dobroskok, Liudmyla Peretyaha i Liubov Basiuk. "The Main Aspects of Ukrainian Teaching Staff Mobility As Integration Process In The Global Labor Market". Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala 11, nr 2 (3.06.2019): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/rrem/130.
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Purpose: To determine the main aspects of Ukrainian teaching staff mobility as integration process in the global society. Material: The survey involved female teachers (n=108) from H. S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University (Kharkiv, Ukraine) and Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi Hryhoryi Skovoroda State Pedagogical University (Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine). The survey contained mains aspects of teaching staff mobility, respondents chose the proposed variants of each issue and explain their choice. Results: It was determined that the most important aspects of Ukrainian teaching staff mobility were expansion of professional contacts, opportunity to gain experience in European universities, development in their professional area, gain the experience in a new professional area, international mobility, professional growth. The less attractive aspects of teaching staff mobility were increase in publication activity, the prospect of working abroad on a rolling basis, internal (regional) mobility, aspiration of permanent self-improvement. Conclusions: The level of professional mobility of Ukrainian teaching staff increase a lot last years due to the external politics of government and integration processes of modern society and it is considered to be the most effective way for professional development and competitive ability on the labor market.
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Alexander, Phuk Tjilen, Manuhutu Fenty i Hoja Hubertus. "The Accountability of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on Corporate Sustainability". E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 10019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187310019.
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The paper underscores the varying and conflicting interests of local community, local government and corporate interest; how CSR implement should comply with the regulation sets by the Indonesia government or fulfill local community needs in aim to gain more favor. This paper aims to analyze the process of formulating the model, the form of execution and the synchronization the implementation of CSR, method used in this research is qualitative, with a case study on PT. Dwikarya Reksa Abadi , Wanam District, Merauke Papua Indonesia. This paper reviews the existing CSR implementation in Merauke Papua with objective of identifying gaps and developing a framework to guide the future CSR implementation. The results showed that the company PT. Dwikarya Reksa Abadi, has implemented CSR to the local community and local economic development around the company as planned but has not received support from labor and community for a conducive business climate, and there are still CSR activities that must be implemented to fulfill local community needs.
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Amador, Emma. "Organizing Puerto Rican Domestics: Resistance and Household Labor Reform in the Puerto Rican Diaspora after 1930". International Labor and Working-Class History 88 (2015): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547915000162.
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AbstractOn November 28, 1946, a group of Puerto Rican women picketed the Chicago offices of Castle, Barton, and Associates, a private employment agency that had brought them to the city to become domestic workers. They protested low wages, long hours, and deductions from their pay for transportation and other costs. Their resistance challenged the Puerto Rican and United States governments to both recognize local labor exploitation and grapple with Puerto Rican rights as those of migrant United States citizens. These women made demands on the Puerto Rican state to regulate migrant contract work and sponsor training programs for domestic work. They would succeed as colonial subjects to gain recognition as workers. Nonetheless, they failed to win well-paid, safe, and desirable jobs. This history of Puerto Rican women's domestic work and their struggle for regulation illuminates a formative moment in the history of Puerto Rican women's organizing and activism for labor rights.
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Jeffries, Lesley, i Brian Walker. "Keywords in the press". English Text Construction 5, nr 2 (23.11.2012): 208–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/etc.5.2.03jef.
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This article describes a corpus-assisted study of some socio-political keywords (in a similar sense to Raymond Williams’ ‘cultural keywords’ 1983 [1976]), of newspaper reporting between 1998 and 2007, when Tony Blair’s New Labour government was in power. We approach the discovery of socio-political keywords via the analysis of statistical keywords. Reducing a long list of statistical keywords to a shortlist of socio-politically significant keywords is inevitably complex, and the article explains the process used here. We demonstrate that certain lexemes gain currency in relatively short historical periods and take on political importance in addition to their everyday meaning. Combining corpus linguistics with critical stylistic analysis, we explore the usage of five important socio-political keywords of the New Labour period.
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Tharu, Diapk. "Labour migration: a socio-cultural factor for social transformation in Banke district, Nepal". Sociology International Journal 7, nr 1 (6.02.2023): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/sij.2023.07.00319.
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This study deals with labour migration as a sociocultural factor to transform society and improve human livelihoods. It explores how social transformation is reshaping social systems, social identities, social patterns and practices. Labour migration has been a top choice and household strategy for improving living standards and social status. This study responds to how labour migration is affecting local ethnic communities, in particular, Tharu communities, and how the process of social transformation is restructuring social practices, social identities, social values and norms. This study primarily uses qualitative methods to gain a deeper understanding of the social transformation restructuring social, cultural and political aspects in the Tharu community. It approaches social transformation to examine the later social structures and human mobilities. The findings clearly show the processes of social transformation reforming the residents’ living standards through the receipts of remittances and technological goods and services. Social identities are also reformed with a realisation of social integration. The socioeconomic status of the migrants’ families has significantly improved. In addition, the existing social practices namely Kamaiyas (Bonded Labourers) and Sukumbasi (Slums) are removed from the Tharu communities. This study can contribute to the government and non-government-led development programs and projects as well as implement new policies and strategies to address migration-related issues in contemporary societies of Nepal and indeed in other regions of the world.
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Johnson, Nevil. "Opposition in the British Political System". Government and Opposition 32, nr 4 (październik 1997): 487–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1997.tb00442.x.
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BY 1997 THE CONSERVATIVE PARTY HAD BEEN IN POWER FOR EIGHTEEN years, the longest period of uninterrupted rule by a single party this century. To many it looked as if the alternation of two parties in government had stopped. And if that really had been the case, it would have meant that the British conception of opposition as the institutionalization within the workings of everyday politics of a standing alternative to the government of the day had broken down or been abandoned. But this is not what happened. The official opposition, the Labour Party, had re-established itself as a viable alternative government and was then able to gain not just an effective, but an overwhelming majority in Parliament in the general election of 1 May 1997. This outcome testified to more than the triumph of one party over another, marking the revival of the victor and the exhaustion of the loser: it also reasserted a crucial element in the constitutional practices of modern Britain.
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Kusterer, Hanna Li, i Claudia Bernhard-Oettel. "Exploring Employability Constructions of Migrants in Sweden and Potential Consequences for Labour Market Entrance Recommendations". Social Sciences 9, nr 3 (4.03.2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci9030026.
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In the flexible Swedish labour market, the concept of employability has grown important. Within a neoliberal framework, accountability for one’s possibility to successfully obtain or keep employment rests with the individual. In contrast, within a social welfare discourse the individual is offered care and support in order to gain employment. The present study combined intersectional and discourse analytical approaches with the understanding that individual employability is subjectively constructed in the exploration of labour market induction, employability constructions and categorizations in the discourse used by government agencies directly involved in the labour market integration of newly arrived migrants. Public documents comprising information on labour market entrance, employability and associated concepts such as competence building and career development were analysed. The employability constructions were often contradictory—placed at the crossroads of neoliberal and social welfare discourses—and built on tacit assumptions and influenced by stereotypes. Conveying such employability constructions further could lead to exclusion from long-term employment and have detrimental psychological and health repercussions. Instead, it is of importance to work towards reconstructing migrants’ employability in this new context without damaging influence from inflexible categorizations and stereotypes.
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England, Kim. "Home, domestic work and the state: The spatial politics of domestic workers’ activism". Critical Social Policy 37, nr 3 (19.03.2017): 367–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261018317695688.
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This article explores the spatialities associated with the recent emergence of a social movement of domestic workers in the United States. Domestic work is rendered invisible, not only as a form of ‘real work’, but also because it is hidden in other people’s homes. The article unpacks the home as a private space beyond government intervention, and as domestic worker activists argue, when homes are workplaces workers should be protected from exploitation. Domestic workers have become active and visible in campaigns to gain coverage under labour legislation at the state and federal government levels. An analysis of the success of their campaigns reveals a set of strategies and tactics that draw on feminist care ethics in a range of different locations, and that thinking spatially has been pivotal in the emergence and continued growth of their social movement.
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Meizhura, Helga, Dini Turipanam Alamanda i Fajar Sidiq Adi. "Technological Adoption For The Online System of Public Aspirations and Complaints Service (Lapor) in Bandung City". AFEBI Management and Business Review 2, nr 1 (9.06.2017): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47312/ambr.v2i1.57.
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<p>The city government of Bandung has made serious efforts in solving the urban problems creatively through the utilization of ICT, known as Smart City. One of the smart government programs being implemented is the online public aspirations and complaints service through an application system called LAPOR. So far, the application is considered effective enough to engage public participation, eventhough there are also many contradictory and negative comments shared by the users. Therefore, it is important to find out the actual description of public acceptances for the LAPOR system.</p><p><br />The affecting factors of interest and behavior in using the system were identified by the model of UTAUT 2 developed by Venkatesh et al. In 2012. The data in this study was collected using questionnaires distributed to 405 respondents of those who live in Bandung city, either the users of LAPOR application or those who have not used it yet. The results showed that the most influential factor of interest in using the LAPOR system is Price Value. This indicates that public wants the proportional benefits of the costs incurred for using the system.Other influential factors are Hedonic Motivation, Social Influence, Habit, and Facilitating Condition. Hence, these findings will enable practitioners to gain information in improving the successful implementation of technology-based governance programs.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: Smart City, Smart Government, UTAUT 2</p>
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Meizhura, Helga, Dini Turipanam Alamanda i Fajar Sidiq Adi. "Technological Adoption For The Online System of Public Aspirations and Complaints Service (Lapor) in Bandung City". AFEBI Management and Business Review 2, nr 01 (9.08.2017): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47312/ambr.v2i01.57.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
<p>The city government of Bandung has made serious efforts in solving the urban problems creatively through the utilization of ICT, known as Smart City. One of the smart government programs being implemented is the online public aspirations and complaints service through an application system called LAPOR. So far, the application is considered effective enough to engage public participation, eventhough there are also many contradictory and negative comments shared by the users. Therefore, it is important to find out the actual description of public acceptances for the LAPOR system.</p><p><br />The affecting factors of interest and behavior in using the system were identified by the model of UTAUT 2 developed by Venkatesh et al. In 2012. The data in this study was collected using questionnaires distributed to 405 respondents of those who live in Bandung city, either the users of LAPOR application or those who have not used it yet. The results showed that the most influential factor of interest in using the LAPOR system is Price Value. This indicates that public wants the proportional benefits of the costs incurred for using the system.Other influential factors are Hedonic Motivation, Social Influence, Habit, and Facilitating Condition. Hence, these findings will enable practitioners to gain information in improving the successful implementation of technology-based governance programs.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: Smart City, Smart Government, UTAUT 2</p>
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Light, Donald W. "Managed Care in a New Key: Britain's Strategies for the 1990s". International Journal of Health Services 28, nr 3 (lipiec 1998): 427–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/mdxv-5gnq-jjwp-jcem.
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The new Labour government in Britain has issued three variations of a White Paper that outline significant changes in how the world's largest managed care health system will be run. All three emphasize systemwide criteria for quality, effectiveness, and health gain, which in turn imply redressing past inequalities in funding and service. One, the Scottish Paper, eliminates Thatcher's internal market and returns to a simple organizational structure centering on the health boards. The other two propose combining primary care practices into purchasing groups, a daunting task that will spawn many new problems and expenses as it recreates the internal market.
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Pholphirul, Piriya. "Educational mismatches and labor market outcomes". Education + Training 59, nr 5 (12.06.2017): 534–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-11-2016-0173.
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Purpose Educational mismatches constitute negative impacts on labor markets in most countries, Thailand is no exception. The purpose of this paper is to quantify the degree of educational mismatch in Thailand and its impacts on labor market outcomes. Design/methodology/approach This study analyzes data obtained from Thailand’s Labor Force Survey to estimate the likelihood of horizontal and vertical mismatches and their impacts on labor market outcomes. Findings Estimation results reveal the existence of a high level of both vertical and horizontal mismatches in the labor market. The vertical mismatch tends to be most prevalent in the case of graduates with degrees in the social sciences, while the existence of the horizontal mismatch is mostly found in the case of graduates with backgrounds in the physical sciences. Samples with a degree in health science seem to be least impacted by both types of mismatch. Education-job mismatches, either vertical or horizontal mismatches, are found to cause negative impacts on workers’ employment. Findings indicate that workers who encountered either horizontal or vertical educational mismatches tended to have lower monthly incomes than did those without such mismatches. Vertical mismatches seemed to result in lower incomes than did the horizontal mismatches. Furthermore, both types of mismatch are found to not have any significant impact on workers’ employability. Research limitations/implications Nevertheless, due to different types of mismatches such as skill mismatch or personality mismatch, this paper only quantifies degree mismatch on the context of Thailand only. Nevertheless, different structure of labor market can show different findings. Practical implications Both horizontal mismatch and vertical mismatch can be mitigated with strong collaboration system between colleges/universities and employers. Therefore, the government should further promote better cooperation between universities and the private sector (industry-university linkages) by encouraging more exchanges between high-level executives and students of the private sector and higher-education institutes. More opportunities for students to practice their skills in real workplace settings should be provided, and students should also be able to gain credits from participating in such training. In Thailand, at present there are only a few degree programs that require students to complete an internship. Social implications As for social policy recommendations, to reduce both horizontal and vertical mismatches in practices, it is essential that the education sector promote a life-long learning framework that allows workers whose jobs do not match their educational background (or with their educational attainment) to receive the training and develop the skills required by employers. Originality/value Comparing to other literature in these areas in which survey data from the authors are relied, this paper, however, uses the Thai Labor Force Survey, which is the national representative sample data set. The results found from this paper are therefore useful to be reliable on implying appropriated policy recommendations.
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ETXEBARRIA ETXEITA, Ignacio Javier. "Organización y funcionamiento municipal y personal directivo público profesional". Revista Vasca de Administración Pública / Herri-Arduralaritzarako Euskal Aldizkaria, nr 107-II (28.04.2017): 349–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.107.2017.2.10.
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LABURPENA: Euskadiko Toki Erakundeei buruzko Legeak udal-funtzionamendua eta -antolaketa arautzen ditu, eta udal-autonomia indartzen du, estatuko legediarekin erkatuta areagotu egin baitu tokiko entitateen autoantolakuntzarako gaitasuna, bidea emanez tokiko gobernuek modu gardenagoan joka dezaten eta hautetsiek lana eta familia hobeto uztar ditzaten. Legeak, horrez gain, tokiko gobernuak indartzea lortu nahi du, eta, horretarako, eskuordetze-teknikak jaso, eta modu aitzindarian arautu du zuzendari publiko profesionalen figura; oraingoz, hala ere, 40.000 biztanletik gorako udalerrietarako mugatu da. RESUMEN: La Ley de Instituciones Locales de Euskadi regula la organización y funcionamiento municipal y potencia la autonomía municipal al incrementar respecto a la legislación estatal la capacidad de autoorganización de las entidades locales posibilitando una actuación de los gobiernos locales más transparente y una mejor conciliación de la vida laboral y familiar de las corporativas y corporativos. La Ley busca asimismo potenciar los gobiernos locales y para ello incorpora técnicas de delegación y de forma pionera regula la figura de los directivos públicos profesionales si bien de momento limitada a los municipios con una población superior a los 40.000 habitantes. ABSTRACT: The Act on Local Entities of Euskadi regulates the municipalorganization and functioning and enhances the municipal autonomy by increasing as compared to the State legislation the self-government capacity of local entities enabling a more transparent operation by local governments and a better labour and family reconciliation of municipalities memberships. The Act also seeks to promote local governments and to do this it includes techniques of delegation and in a pioneer way it regulates the figure of public professional managers though only limited to those municipalities with a population exceeding 40.000 inhabitants.
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Nizova, Lyudmila M., i M. I. Danilova. "Professional rehabilitation as aspect integration of disabled people in society (on example of the Republic of Mari El)". Medical and Social Expert Evaluation and Rehabilitation 19, nr 3 (15.09.2016): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9537-2016-19-3-153-158.
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In the article there is reflected the complex of the most important andfundamental problems ofintegration ofpersons with disabilities into society in two ways: in the theoretical and methodological and analytical-sociological. There are considered institutional aspects of the vocational rehabilitation atfour levels: international, national, regional and local. The study of the views ofdomestic researchers in theoretical and methodological terms has shown problems of the employment ofpersons with disabilities at the regional level to be insufficiently studied up until now. In this connection there were investigated main directions of vocational rehabilitation and integration of disabled people into society thanks to efforts of the Government of the Mari El Republic, Main Bureau of Social and Medical and Expertise of the Republic of Mari El of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation, Department of Labor and Employment ofpopulation of the Republic of Mari El. There is given an estimation of the management and vocational rehabilitation of persons with disabilities in the competitive mesoeconomic labour market. On the basis of monitoring and sociological research of two categories of respondents there were identified priorities, issues andfactors, determined the employment of the disabled persons as a specific population group. The dynamics of active forms of the employment and ranging opinions of respondents allowed to prove the positive role of vocational rehabilitation to expedite the integration processes of disabled persons in society: decline in the number of cases of disability among working age persons surveyedfirstly, reducing the percentage of the gain in the severity ofdisability, the increase in the proportion of the complete rehabilitation among the adult population, the decline in the proportion ofpersons with disabilities among the unemployed people owing to such forms as the organization of specialized job fairs, quotas and creation of work places, referral of disabled persons about self employment. Nevertheless, bearing in mind the persistence of revealed problems, there are proposed author measures on the improvement of the efficacy of the impact of vocational rehabilitation ofpersons with disabilities to accelerate their integration into society, taking into account vectorness, including governing bodies, employers and people with disabilities.
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Sri, Suwitri, Yuniningsih Tri i Moch Mustam. "Labor Warranty Policy Implementation in the North Konawe Regency of Southeast Sulawesi Indonesia". E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 11015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187311015.
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JAMPERSAL aims to eliminate barriers to pregnant women for financial gain, including labor inspection guarantee pregnancy, parturition, Ministry and Service of the Newborn. Problems faced are: many societies that don’t utilize JAMPERSAL, uneven first level services, the limited information, process claims, limitations of means and health facilities, and overlapping regulations. Research objectives are: (1) analyze how implementation program of JAMPERSAL, (2) analyze the precision of the policy implementation of JAMPERSAL, and (3) identify the factors restricting the driving policy implementation and of JAMPERSAL. This study type’s is descriptive with a qualitative approach, data collection with interviews, observation and FGD. The technique of determination of the informants is Purposive. data analysis with the reduction, the presentation, and verification. JAMPERSAL policy in North Konawe Regency has been conducted using appropriate Regulation there is, seen from the aspect of accuracy. Seen from the aspect of the precision of the process are still not aware that completion of the executor and the public in implementing policies. As for the factors that support is the communication, while restricting factor was resources, attitudes/disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The recommendations presented: recommendations presented was so that the Government in making the rules clearer and does not cause misinterpretation and socialization continued support to communities in remote areas so that they will understand the policy.
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Munguti, Jonathan, Jacob O. Iteba, Nicholas Outa, James G. Kirimi, Daniel Mungai, Domitila Kyule, Kevin Obiero i Erick O. Ogello. "Reviewing the Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Kenyan Aquaculture Sector and Future Adaptive Strategies". Journal of Agricultural Science 15, nr 1 (15.12.2022): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n1p70.
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For many Kenyans, the aquaculture business provides a vital source of food and work. However, information on Kenya’s aquaculture sector’s resilience in the face of emerging global shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic requires additional examination. Prior to the epidemic, Kenya’s aquaculture industry had grown from a tiny participant to a critical component of the country’s fish food system, with fish and fisheries products becoming the most extensively traded food commodity in Kenyan market places. However, as indicated in the review, the aquaculture value chain has not been scrutinised since the onset of COVID-19. Lockdowns enacted during the pandemic had a significant influence on access to aquaculture inputs, fish commerce, and the socio-economic livelihoods of stakeholders and players in Kenya’s aquaculture value chain. Thus, initial and long-term adaptive strategies, particularly those implemented by governments, could help to the development of COVID-19 specific and generic resilience to numerous shocks and stressors among stakeholders and players involved in the country’s aquaculture industry. Some of the measures include a government incentive package to help the fisheries and aquaculture sectors recover, improve farming operations, and gain market trust, as well as the adoption of new methods to reduce labor intensity, such as intelligent sensors, camera systems, and automated or remotely controlled monitoring/feeding strategies. Such strategies and policies can protect the sector from future shocks triggered by pandemics and other unforeseen circumstances.
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Nurdiansyah, Fahmi. "MARKETING POLITIK DPP PARTAI GERINDRA PADA PEMILU LEGISLATIF 2014". Politika: Jurnal Ilmu Politik 9, nr 1 (24.04.2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/politika.9.1.2018.60-70.
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The purpose of this research is to know the implementation in the political marketing of Gerindra Party and some factors encouraging the party to gain a wide range of constituent voters in the legislative elections 2014. The aforementioned evidence reveals that Gerindra Party approached middle class down society and youth, on determining intended voters and this party also focusing on small society (farmer, fisherman, labour, teacher and small trader). In terms of positioning, Gerindra Party put themselves in outside of the government and acknowledge them as the party for small society. In Indonesian political constellation, it can be seen that political party has a high correlation with the power of public figure to increase popularity and electability. Gerindra Party is still introduced Prabowo Subianto as a public figure who can be used to gain a number of voters for the party.
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Verbic, Miroslav, Boris Majcen, Olga Ivanova i Mitja Cok. "R&D and economic growth in Slovenia: A dynamic general equilibrium approach with endogenous growth". Panoeconomicus 58, nr 1 (2011): 67–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan1101067v.
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In the article, we model R&D as a major endogenous growth element in a small open economy general equilibrium framework and consider several R&D policy scenarios for Slovenia. Increase of the share of sectoral investment in R&D that is deductible from the corporate income tax and increase of government spending on R&D turned out to be the most effective suggested policy measures. While the former policy measure is still followed in part by an undesired transfer of the tax relief to dividends, a moderate increase of government spending on R&D boosts long-run productivity in the economy, thus increasing the future value of firms, which is reflected in a desired dividend increase. The households that would gain more utility from such policy scenarios are those with more skilled and highly skilled labour, but not the very top earners in the economy.
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Arlow, Jonathan. "A JobBridge to nowhere: The National Internship Scheme as fast policy leading to bad policy". Administration 67, nr 2 (1.05.2019): 71–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/admin-2019-0014.
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AbstractJobBridge, the Irish National Internship Scheme, was a labour activation measure launched in July 2011, during a period of extreme economic crisis, and was marketed as a chance for young people to gain career experience in quality work placements. Over 60 per cent of participants found employment after leaving the scheme but it suffered from high deadweight losses and was widely criticised as exploitative during its existence. This was quite predictable, which leaves the puzzle as to why JobBridge was designed without more regulations to protect the entry-level jobs market and the interests of the unemployed? This paper will trace the processes behind this suboptimal decision-making. First, it will show the institutional factors influencing poor policy decisions on labour activation. Then it will explain the main incentives behind an under-regulated programme, which were the need to develop a workable scheme as quickly as possible and to do this without significant funding. Finally, it will show how the decision-making process prioritised the interests of the Labour Party, government, business and the concerned parents of unemployed youth over the interests of the unemployed.
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Butum, Lavinia Cornelia. "The role of international competences in increasing graduates’ access to the labor market". Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 11, nr 1 (1.07.2017): 513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/picbe-2017-0055.
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Abstract The transition from student to employee status has become an important issue for labor market analysts, students and universities. Literature recognizes that the international experience represents a successful factor for future employability. In this regard, a new curricular model should include international competences in order to build the qualifications required by the global labor market. A recent study (Stan, Butum & Zodieru, 2016) highlighted the importance of youngsters’ professional training upon graduation and the crucial role of collaboration between universities, companies and governments (through education policies) in increasing graduates’ accessibility to well - paid jobs and in developing an entrepreneurial career. The same study provides the results of a qualitative research that leads to the conclusion that most Romanian students have the capacity to obtain the desired job if they can swiftly gain the soft skills required by companies. It is also mentioned that the labor market has increased the demand for international competences and practical skills in recent years. The purpose of this article is to analyze the dynamics of Romanian and European students’ feedback on their universities. Beginning with the analysis of soft skills needed for the labor market and their appreciation as perceived by students, the study will examine the dynamics of students’ appreciation on international experience and other work activities that ensure the achievement of international competences and reduce the time for obtaining a job. Afterward, the paper will analyze students’ career priorities and students’ perception of university performance in providing practical and international skills needed for the labor market. The analysis will include 3-year statistic data from Trendence Graduate Barometer regarding Romanian students’ perception. The conclusions will show the dynamic of students’ expectations on provided skills and the connection with their career priorities. Furthermore, the main results of this study will represent a basis for future research in designing a guide for developing the internationalized curriculum, as well as for a future analysis of the international competences needed by students when searching for a well-paid job.
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Liang, Yiyong. "The emerging labour market and transformation from state amateurs to professional athletes". Communist and Post-Communist Studies 52, nr 4 (4.11.2019): 379–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2019.10.005.
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Corporate governance and its associated concerns had no bearing on Chinese industry management before its national economic reform in the early 1980s. The government's intention has been tomake all state-owned enterprisesmore effective and efficient than they previously were by gradually introducing Western enterprise methods with a capitalist market approach. The article explores the notion of corporate governance in the context of Chinese football by studying the emerging labour markets and management of professional football players to gain a comprehensive understanding of the issues concerning the governance of Chinese sports and its human resource management. It seeks to contribute to the development of stakeholder theory as an important analytical framework on Chinese management studies in the field of professional sport during its economic transition.
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van den Elsen, Josine, i Brenda Vermeeren. "Age and sustainable labour participation: studying moderating effects". International Journal of Manpower 41, nr 5 (28.11.2019): 503–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-10-2018-0362.
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Purpose Research findings are ambiguous regarding the effects of age on sustainable labour participation (SLP), defined as the extent to which people are able and willing to conduct their current and future work. The purpose of this paper is to contribute by examining age effects on SLP by focusing on the moderating role of workload. Design/methodology/approach A mixed-method study was conducted in 2018. First, a survey was distributed among a sample of 2,149 employees of the Dutch central government. Second, 12 interviews with public sector employees took place to gain greater insight into the quantitative data collected. Findings Three components that reflect an employee’s SLP were studied: vitality, work ability and employability. The quantitative results, in general, showed that SLP decreased with ageing. However, in contrast to the hypothesis, the results showed a significant positive relationship between age and energy. Moreover, relationships between an employee’s age and certain aspects of their SLP were moderated by workload. The interviews helped to interpret these results. Practical implications The findings demonstrate that some of the older worker stereotypes are unfounded, and the important practical implications of these are discussed. Originality/value Earlier research has produced conflicting findings regarding the relationship between age and (aspects of) SLP. By investigating several aspects of SLP in separate regressions within this research, the specific influences of age have become clearer. Furthermore, the research provides fresh insights into the relationship between age and SLP by including moderating effects of workload.
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Van den Putte, Lore. "EU Bilateral Trade Agreements and the Surprising Rise of Labour Provisions". International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 31, Issue 3 (1.09.2015): 263–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2015015.
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Surprisingly, labour provisions in EU bilateral trade agreements have widened and deepened over the past decade. One would have expected the opposite, given the coming to power of centre-right governments in the early 2000s and a stronger liberalization agenda since 2006. This article addresses this rather remarkable development. First of all it dismisses the argument that protectionist motives underlie the stronger social clauses in EU trade agreements. Instead, drawing on the theory of the life-cycle of norms, it suggests that social trade has become an unobjectionable norm within the EU. The article then offers several explanations for why the social-trade nexus has been barely disputed, and indeed has further expanded through subsequent trade arrangements. These include the stronger influence of the European Parliament, path-dependencies stemming from the EU’s previous template, and the need to gain public support in the face of criticism of free trade agreements. Most importantly, it stresses that the framing of core labour rights as part of a broader ‘sustainable development’ agenda has contributed to their unobjectionable status. While this framing has helped to forge a consensus with regard to the social trade agenda, giving equal status to labour and environmental provisions under the sustainable development umbrella might also have adverse consequences for the concept of labour provisions.
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Bloom, David E., David Canning i Alyssa Lubet. "Global Population Aging: Facts, Challenges, Solutions & Perspectives". Daedalus 144, nr 2 (kwiecień 2015): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00332.
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The rapid aging of populations around the world presents an unprecedented set of challenges: shifting disease burden, increased expenditure on health and long-term care, labor-force shortages, dissaving, and potential problems with old-age income security. We view longer life spans, particularly longer healthy life spans, as an enormous gain for human welfare. The challenges come from the fact that our current institutional and social arrangements are unsuited for aging populations and shifting demographics; our proposed solution is therefore to change our institutions and social arrangements. The first section of this essay provides a statistical overview of global population aging and its contributing factors. The second section outlines some of the major challenges associated with widespread population aging. Finally, the third section of the essay describes various responses to these challenges, both current and prospective, facing individuals, businesses, institutions, and governments.
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Stofkova, Jana, Adela Poliakova, Katarina Repkova Stofkova, Peter Malega, Matej Krejnus, Vladimira Binasova i Naqibullah Daneshjo. "Digital Skills as a Significant Factor of Human Resources Development". Sustainability 14, nr 20 (13.10.2022): 13117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013117.
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Digital technologies play a key role in reviving the world economy. The EU has pledged to combine recovery support with resilient digital transformation. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the lack of digitization in Slovakia and the shortcomings of digital skills in citizens and communication with institutions. Digital skills are important and should form part of educational policy. ICT skills can help people succeed in the labour market and improve communication with public administration. Digitization and globalization increase the importance to communicate through the Internet, applications, and other e-based gadgets. Digital skills are one of the essential parts of e-Government, so people can use e-Government services in communication with public administration. The current crisis is affecting citizens’ use of online services. Indices concerning the digital economy are analysed, such as the digital economy and society index DESI and e-Government digital skills (EGDI) from 2018 to 2021 revealed a stagnant state in 2018 and 2019, and in 2020, there was a decrease in basic digital skills. The next index is E-Government Digital Index. It focuses on human capital and digital skills in these indices. The paper analyses and identifies the digital skills of citizens in the context of e-Government development and describes the use of e-Government services by EU citizens with a focus on the Slovak Republic. The data were collected through a questionnaire survey of Slovak Republic citizens’ digital skills according to selected categories, the use of e-Government services as well as awareness of e-Government services. Solutions that improve e-Government in the Slovak Republic are gradually being implemented. Improving digital skills according to the National Coalition for Digital Skills and Professions in the Slovak Republic is one of the priorities of The Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, which has adopted an action plan for 2019–2022 to improve the results in the DESI index by 2025 and focus on the digital skills required by employers. The survey revealed that in Slovakia, the majority of schools offer only weak support for digital education (about the EU-27 average of 68% and 45%, respectively). The research also revealed a decreased level of digital literacy among young people. These competencies are very important to gain a position in the labour market in the digital society. The projects aim to support the development of digital skills of primary and secondary school students, and the integration of new technologies into teaching.
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Weitz, Yechiam. "Reshaping the Political Order in Israel, 1965–1967". Israel Studies Review 33, nr 3 (1.12.2018): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/isr.2018.330304.
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This article examines the major changes in the Israeli political arena, on both the left and right, in the two years before the 1967 War. The shift was marked by the establishment in 1965 of the right-wing Gahal (the Herut-Liberal bloc) and of the Labor Alignment, the semi-merger of Israel’s two main left-wing parties, Mapai and Ahdut HaAvodah. Some dissatisfied Mapai members broke away from the Alignment and formed a new party, Rafi, under the leadership of David Ben-Gurion. They did not gain nearly enough Knesset seats to take power in the November 1965 election, but Rafi did become part of the emergency national unity government that was formed in June 1967, due largely to the weak position of Levi Eshkol as prime minister. This enabled Rafi’s Moshe Dayan to assume the minister of defense position on the eve of the Six-Day War, which began on 5 June 1967.
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Rogucka, Maria Anna. "Teresa Żarnower’s Mnemonic Desire for Defense of Warsaw: De-Montaging Photography". Arts 9, nr 3 (28.07.2020): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts9030084.
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Teresa Żarnower (1897, Warsaw, Poland–1949, New York, United States), a Polish Constructivist artist of Jewish descent who was forced to emigrate abroad during World War II, became a dominant figure working for the Polish government in exile. She produced a series of photomontages for a book titled The Defense of Warsaw, which was published in 1942 by a “Polish Labor Group” in New York. Żarnower used her technical expertise in photomontage to create new configurations of war photographs documenting Nazi Germany’s attack on Poland in 1939. She chose this shocking and politically loaded content to gain credibility and global attention for her work. Drawing on Benjamin Buchloh’s essay From Faktura to Factography, the aim of this study is to analyze the factographic paradigm in the usage of war photography and in the context of the esthetics of constructivist photomontage. The focus will lie on its mnemonic and archival functions, further highlighting the montage’s function as a key form of social memory model.
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Sayfutdinova, Leyla, i Ayça Ergun. "Azerbaijani Engineers in the Global Economy: Transnational Professionals Versus “Button-Pushers”". Journal of Developing Societies 34, nr 2 (1.05.2018): 144–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x18767993.
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This article examines the changes in the engineering profession in Azerbaijan after the inflow of foreign investment into Azerbaijan’s oil industry since 1990s. The integration of Azerbaijan’s oil industry into global economy has led to a significant reshaping of the engineering profession, both within and outside of the oil industry. Multinational companies, which have been the main agents of this integration, have introduced advanced technologies and helped many Azerbaijani engineers to gain access to the international labor market, often serving as credentializing institutions. At the same time, the presence of these multinational companies have also opened the way for new inequalities. They have indirectly created an important division within the engineering profession—a division between internationally mobile engineers from the oil industry and engineers in other industries. Outside of the oil industry, engineering work has in many cases been reduced to routine tasks of assembly and operations, while research, design, and manufacturing were made redundant in the context of the oil-driven development promoted by Azerbaijan’s government.
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DRINOT, PAULO. "Fighting for a Closed Shop: The 1931 Lima Bakery Workers' Strike". Journal of Latin American Studies 35, nr 2 (maj 2003): 249–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x03006771.
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This article uses the 1931 strike by the Lima bakery workers' union as an optic through which to study the politicisation of industrial relations in the context of the emergence of populist politics in Peru. Faced with a loss of control over the bakery workforce and a hostile and ineffective system of collective bargaining, the union turned to an alternative strategy in its attempts to gain control over the workforce and the productive process. It presented itself as a bulwark against labour militancy and sought to establish political ties to the Sánchez Cerro government. Although the strategy was largely unsuccessful, this case study illustrates the extent to which Peruvian workers played an active role in the construction of populist politics in the 1930s.
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Narayanamurthy, Gopalakrishnan, Pradeep Kumar Hota, Surya Prakash Pati i Manoranjan Dhal. "Maruti Manesar lockout: the flip side of people management". Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 5, nr 2 (16.04.2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-02-2014-0042.
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Subject area Human Resource Management (HRM), Industrial Relations, Labor Law (Indian business context), Organizational Behavior, Trade Union and Employer-Employee Relationship. Study level/applicability Academic students (MBA and BBA), management trainees, HR managers and top management of organizations interested in understanding the importance HRM practices. Case overview This case describes an Industrial Relations situation in an automobile company in India. It begins with the mention of Maruti Suzuki India Limited's (MSIL) brush with an unprecedented labor violence that rocked its Manesar facility on July 18, 2012, eventually leading to the lock out of the same on July 21, 2012. Further, it describes the background of the company, employer-employee relationship, a series of strikes experienced by the company, incidents that led to the violence, incidents that happened on the day of violence and finally actions taken after the violence by the company, the government and the union. With such details, the case raises questions on the prolonged people management issues afflicting MSIL. It endeavors to educate the discussants on the specifics of an industrial relations system and the role of each actor toward maintaining industrial peace. Expected learning outcomes Understanding the role of actors of industrial relations toward effective HRM in the organization. Analyzing the compliance of the actors under the existing labor laws as applicable to the organization. Comprehending the attitude of employees, employers and industry toward each other and also toward the job. To understand the nuances of people management function and its contribution toward the violence that eventually resulted in lockout. To comprehend various organizational behavior concepts that shall help synergize the employees' objectives and employer's goal. To analyze the complete incident with relevant organizational and industrial relations (IR) theories. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.