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1
Garcia, Beatriz Silva. "Optimal Legislative Funding". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-06092016-115217/.
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We propose a model to study government formation by a legislative body composed by parties elected with a proportional representation rule. Once the legislative configuration is determined, the elected parties must form a government, choose a government policy and a distribution of legislative resources and benefits among the elected parties through a bargaining game. A mass of voters is assumed capable of voting strategically. Our goal is to study how a limitation on the available resources among legislators may affect the behavior of the agents involved in this system, both voters and legislators. We show that a decrease in the relative distance between ideologies increases the social welfare and decreases the necessary amount of resources to keep the optimal agreement. Moreover, there is an upper limit to this amount when the ideological distance increasesPropõe-se um modelo teórico para estudar a formação de governo por um corpo legislativo, composto por partidos eleitos em representação proporcional. Uma vez que a configuração do Legislativo é definida, os partidos eleitos devem formar um governo, escolher uma política de governo e uma distribuição de recursos e benefícios legislativos entre os partidos presentes na casa através de um jogo de barganha. Uma massa de eleitores é assumida capaz de votar estrategicamente. Nosso objetivo é estudar como uma limitação nos recursos disponíveis entre os legisladores pode afetar o comportamento dos agentes envolvidos no sistema, tanto eleitores quanto legisladores. Mostra-se que uma queda da distância relativa entre as ideologias aumenta o bem-estar social e diminui a quantia necessária de recursos que mantem o acordo legislativo ótimo. Ademais, há um limite superior para essa quantia quando a distância ideológica aumenta.
2
Siglar, Marlene Smith. "Low incidence funding". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1988. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/345.
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Fan-Osuala, Onochie. "Essays on Crowdfunding: Exploring the Funding and Post-funding Phases and Outcomes". Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6834.
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In the recent years, crowdfunding (a phenomenon where individuals collectively contribute money to back different goals and projects through the internet) has been gaining a lot of attention especially for its socio-economic impact. This dissertation explores this phenomenon in three distinct but related essays. The first essay explores the nature and dynamics of backers’ contributions and uses the insights generated to develop a forecasting model that can predict crowdfunding campaign outcomes. The second essay investigates how creators’ crowdfunding campaign design decisions impact their funding and post-funding outcomes. Interestingly, the essay highlights that certain crowdfunding campaign design decisions have differential effects on both funding and post-funding phases and this has implications for creators, backers, and crowdfunding platform owners. Finally, the third essay investigates whether creators’ post-funding relations-building efforts with backers matter and how such relations-building efforts might impact the performance of their subsequent crowdfunding campaign. In general, this dissertation not only increases our understanding of the crowdfunding phenomenon across the funding and post-funding phases, it also provides insights and tools that can help stakeholders maximize the benefits accruable to them when they engage in crowdfunding.
4
Sipari, Joonas, i Victor Mundbjerg. "Pre-seed funding for technology start-ups : The process of acquiring funding". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324927.
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This thesis investigates the pre-seed funding process for technology start-ups. Furthermore, it aims to investigate, how the process of acquiring pre-seed funding is, and which challenges entrepreneurs are facing during this process. The data of this thesis were collected through semi-structured interviews with tech start-ups that recently have gone through the funding process and where therefore able to contribute with perspectives of the pre-seed funding process. After analysing the data from the interviews, we investigated how entrepreneurs experience the process of acquiring early-stage funding. We found that the pre-seed funding process for tech start-ups first of all is time consuming. The applications to funding-organisations takes up valuable time for the start-up. Furthermore, entrepreneurs should consider the framing and pitching of the business when applying for funding. The entrepreneurs face several challenges during the process, including limitations on how the money can be spent. Many of the funding programme applications are very bureaucratic and demanding, and some startups require external assistance just to fill out these applications. The lack of network for early-stage entrepreneurs is a challenge, when applying for funding for the company. For entrepreneurs, credibility is also an important part when applying for early-stage funding. These are the areas this thesis will touch upon, as they are central aspects to processes and challenges that entrepreneurs are facing during the pre-seed funding phase. Since this thesis comprises a small group of tech start-ups from Uppsala and Stockholm in Sweden, it is not able to say anything about the possible differences in the pre-seed funding processes in other countries. However, this study gives an initial view about the process of acquiring pre-seed funding in these cities and should stimulate for further research addressing this subject in Sweden and abroad.
5
Khalil, Dalia. "Dynamic pension funding models". Thesis, City University London, 2006. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8464/.
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Achieving an adequate income in the old age to maintain the standard level of living after retirement has been a challenge to pension schemes for a long time. In fact, approaching this goal has led to a global pension crisis considering all the economic and demographic changes and the conflicting interests of employers and employees over time. This research aims to deriving different deterministic and stochastic dynamic pension funding models for defined benefit schemes within the mathematical framework of optimal control theory and dynamic programming. The practical implementation of these dynamic models into one of the largest Egyptian defined, benefit occupational pension schemes - as a case study - is a tool to examine how they act in the reality, and provide the management of the pension fund with a dynamic plan instead of the static ones that have been used in such a volatile market. Taking into consideration the optimal contribution rate of the mutual interests of both the employer and the employees by including a mixed middle term in the dynamic pension funding models. This represents both the contribution rate risk and the solvency risk and could provide a solution for one of the pension schemes problems.
6
Siadat, Medya. "FVA: Funding Value Adjustment". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analys och sannolikhetsteori, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296342.
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Neel, Patrick L. "US funding for the UN". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA371288.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1999."September 1999". Thesis advisor(s): Richard B. Doyle. Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-139). Also Available online.
8
Dufresne, D. "The dynamics of pension funding". Thesis, City University London, 1986. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8297/.
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In the context of North American and British actuarial practice, a mathematical model is used to study the evolution over time of the fund levels (F) and contributions (C). First, actuarial cost methods are examined in the traditional static framework. Three points are studied (1) comparison of the various methods, (2) inclusion of new entrants in the valuation basis, and (3) the rate at which F(t) reaches its ultimate level. Next, the model is modified to include varying rates of return and of inflation. Two methods of adjusting the normal cost are considered; (1) the adjustment is equal to the unfunded liability divided by the present value of an annuity for a term of "m" years (Spread method); (2) each intervaluation loss is liquidated by a fixed number of payments over the following years (Amortization of Losses method). The core of the thesis has to do with random rates of return. In discrete time, these rates are supposed independent and identically distributed. Recursive equations are derived for the first and second moments of F(t) and C(t), under methods (1) and (2). In the case of the Spread method, an optimal region is specified for "m" it is shown that for m>m* the variances of both F and C are increasing functions of m. The optimal region is thus 1 < m*. The Spread method assuming rates of return to be a white noise process . A proof is given of the convergence of the discrete processes Fn (representing the fund when "n" valuations are performed every year) to a diffusion process F, as n -+ -. Using the Ito calculus of diffusion processes, the first two moment s of F( t) and C(t) are then shown to satisfy some particular differential equations. The final chapter applies similar ideas to the calculation of the moments of annuities-certain, when rates of return are a white noise process.
9
Fawole, Kehinde Rita. "Galp Energia: funding the growth". Master's thesis, NSBE, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10439.
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Шкодкіна, Юлія Михайлівна, Юлия Михайловна Шкодкина i Yuliia Mykhailivna Shkodkina. "Alternative mechanisms of funding sustainability". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31714.
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Financing of sustainable development has become a major concern for both developed and developing countries. Different global financing mechanisms have been invented so far, among which are Official Development Assistance (ODA), funds of multilateral development banks, Global environmental facility, International Emission Trading System (IETS), debt relief programmes for the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC), various bilateral programmes etc. However, many of the latter are criticized for different reasons.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31714
11
Shaw, Sherri. "Building Inequities in School Funding". Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1111090718.
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Nugent, Annita. "Government funding of university-industry collaboration: Exploring the impact of targeted funding on research translation". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/233669/1/Annita_Nugent_Thesis.pdf.
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Public funding of academic research comes with an expectation that the outcome will yield economic and societal benefit. In this thesis I investigate the effect of funding targeting university-industry collaboration on the overall objective of providing societal and economic benefit. I observe that funding schemes designed to include industry stakeholders drive university innovation, but do not necessarily seed new innovation. My study highlights the influence of the technology transfer office, and its level of sophistication, in the capture of economic value from university research.
13
Chebon, Philemon Kiprop. "Library funding : a study to identify reliable and equitable sources of public library funding in Kenya". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10181.
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Includes bibliographical references.The premise from which this research project begins is that public libraries particularly in the developing world, are unable to fully finance their services and thus should seek alternative sources of funding. This project attempts to identify sustainable funding options for the Kenya National Library Services (KNLS) with specific reference to user fees for library services. In order to put the study into perspective, an outline of library history in Kenya is presented together with an overview of social, economic, technological, and social factors which influence the provision of library and information services. The literature review traces the origin of the user fee debate and summarises the arguments for and against fees in libraries. It also attempts to determine whether economic theory could present a theoretical perspective in reconciling the divergent views. The review shows that the issue of charging for library services is hotly contested within the LIS profession and that there is no easy solution. The position of the public libraries within the African continent is contextualised by briefly detailing prevailing conditions, particularly the pressures brought to bear in library budgets during difficult economic periods. An overview of user fee policy in Kenya and the current position of library funding and income generation in South Africa are presented.
14
Bradley, Helen. "Learning out of the funding box: investigating ruling relations through the funding work of community organizations". Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119404.
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This study is an institutional ethnography that examines the social relations of power organizing the work of non-profit community organizations, specifically through funding processes. Starting in the experiences of workers at three Montreal community organizations, it draws attention to the ways in which the capitalist state downloads the responsibilities of health and social services onto 'community', and coordinates the depoliticization of community organizations through funding agreements that limit political work. The study also attends to the informal and incidental learning that happens through the funding work of community organizations. The data consists of semi-structured interviews, and textual analysis of key funding documents used by the Canada Revenue Agency and Centraide of Greater Montreal. In the context of rising neoliberalism, the study reveals points of disjuncture between official funding documents and ideology, and the actual experiences of workers in community organizations. It also draws attention to the ambiguous, contradictory nature of learning in community organizations, and provides a base from which to conduct further studies in this realm.Cette étude aborde, sous la forme d'une ethnographie des institutions, les relations de pouvoir sociales qui régissent le travail des organismes communautaires à but non lucratif, plus spécifiquement dans le cadre des processus de financement. En prenant comme point de départ les expériences d'intervenants communautaires œuvrant pour trois organismes montréalais, nous attirons l'attention sur la façon dont le gouvernement capitaliste transfère les responsabilités des services sociaux et de santé vers la « communauté », et coordonne la dépolitisation des organismes communautaires par le biais d'accords de financement qui limitent la dimension politique des interventions. Nous prenons également en considération les apprentissages informels et fortuits qui accompagnent le travail de financement. L'étude est basée sur des entretiens semi dirigées, ainsi que sur l'analyse textuelle des principaux documents de financement utilisés par l'Agence du revenu du Canada et par la fondation Centraide du Grand Montréal. Dans le contexte d'un néolibéralisme croissant, notre recherche révèle des points de disjonction entre les documents de financement officiels ainsi que l'idéologie qui les sous-tend, et les expériences concrètes des travailleurs communautaires. Cette étude souligne également la nature ambigüe et contradictoire des apprentissages au sein des organismes communautaires, et ouvre la voie à des recherches plus approfondies dans ce domaine.
15
Gilboy, John Joseph. "Equalization of school funding in Montana". Thesis, Montana State University, 1996. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/1996/gilboy/GilboyJ1996.pdf.
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In 1988 the First Judicial Court of Lewis and Clark County ruled that because of disparities in spending among districts and a heavy reliance on local property taxes, the school funding system in Montana did not provide an equal opportunity for education. The Montana State Legislature responded by passing House Bills 28 and 667 in attempts to reduce the reliance on local property taxes and to bring the expenditures among districts closer together. This thesis examines school budgets for a representative sample of 301 elementary districts and 118 high school districts for fiscal years 1989, 1991 and 1995. Districts are ranked by their general fund budget per pupil in each year. High spending districts (95th percentile) are then compared to low spending districts (5th percentile). The results indicate that spending disparities have diminished among both elementary and high school districts, and among most size groups as well. High spending districts, however, still commonly spend twice as much as low spending districts, far exceeding the 1.25 ratio which is the target of both federal regulations and the state's own program. Changes in state policy over this period first reduced and then increased district dependence on local property tax levies. When HB 28 was first implemented, the state picked up a larger share of budgets in most districts. Although much of the state's contribution was itself financed by property taxes, districts did not need to rely so much on their local levies. Between 1991 and 1995, however, state funding failed to keep pace with inflation and enrollment growth. The state also changed the rules governing district finances so that voter approval is often necessary. The result of these policies has been a growing reliance since 1991 on local mill levies, 'and increasing numbers of public votes on budget issues. These trends may run counter to the goal of equalization, while restraining overall spending.
16
Lin, Horn-Chern. "Funding government services under incomplete information". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ56088.pdf.
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Friedrici, Karola [Verfasser]. "Essays on research funding / Karola Friedrici". Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2014. http://d-nb.info/1053541430/34.
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Marsh, Alan John. "Formula funding and special educational needs". Thesis, Open University, 1998. http://oro.open.ac.uk/18863/.
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This thesis is based on a six year research study and is set against the implementation of Local Management of Schools and the formula funding arrangements for pupils with special educational needs (SEN). The main aim of the research is to investigate the principles and practice for allocating additional resources to provide for pupils with SEN but without statements. Two theoretical perspectives are used: the 'special needs pupil' discourse and the 'school and teacher effectiveness' discourse (Galloway, Armstrong and Tomlinson, 1994). The study is in two main parts. First the theoretical component whereby a critical examination is given to the conceptualisation of special educational needs, to the principles or criteria for evaluating a funding formula and to the historical arrangements for funding pupils with SEN. The second part of the thesis is the empirical component consisting of two national surveys, a case study carried out in two LEAS Mercia and Whiteshire, and computer budget modelling for different funding formulae for all primary and secondary schools in Whiteshire (n=690 schools). Evidence is obtained throughout the study relating to the design of an 'improved' SEN formula which is evaluated according to the principles or criteria of simplicity, equity, effectiveness, responsiveness to needs, efficiency, stability of funding, cost containment and accountability
19
Sung, Joo-Ho. "Dynamic programming approaches to pension funding". Thesis, City University London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361860.
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Hernandez, Denise Gomez. "Pension funding and smoothing of contributions". Thesis, City University London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522902.
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Ellis, Richard. "Political party funding in South Africa". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3763.
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Strader, Laura K. "An Exploration in Funding Independent Film". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1410189827.
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Westbrook, Jane (Juanita Jane). "State Funding for Community Education Projects". Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501099/.
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The problem of this study was an analysis of the funding procedures in states which provide funding for local community education projects. The purpose of the study was to identify states which appropriate funds for community education and to provide an analysis of the guidelines for operation and use of state funds for community education at the local level. Twenty-five states were initially identified as having some type of state funding for community education, Eleven of the twenty-one states responding do provide funding for use at the local level. The guidelines and applications for obtaining these funds were compared in the areas of purpose of state legislation, minimum elements required of community education projects, eligibility requirements, use of state funds, grant periods, and annual reporting requirements.
24
Olsen, Joslyn R. "Funding Sustainable and Humanitarian Architectural Projects". DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/619.
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The purpose of this project is to identify sources of funding for sustainable building projects and create a catalog of the findings. This study targeted the nonprofit, humanitarian, and private organization sectors with the goal to encourage subsequent projects that may positively impact the quality of life for people in need. It has been predicted that in the next 25 years 75% of America's built environment will be either new or renovated. The downside is that new buildings cause substantial ecological damage due to the extraction of materials and account for as much as 40% of all greenhouse gases. As a result, trends in the industry of design show growth in the green-building market. How do organizations without financial means maintain environmental responsibility as they build to meet needs? Besides identifying financing sources for above-mentioned types of organizations, this thesis also offers a model for the grant-finding process geared toward first-time searchers/applicants. Applicable sources of funding from this catalog will be recommended to the Teton Valley Community School (TVCS), winner of the 2009 Open Architecture Challenge, in Victor, Idaho, and the case study for this project. At the time of this study, between September, 2009 and February, 2010, the Teton Valley Community School was in the process of seeking out grant opportunities for their innovative, sustainable classroom project. At this writing, the total figure to be raised has not yet been determined, though it is expected to be in the $5-10 million range. The TVCS master plan is to eventually build five additional classrooms with design objectives to create flexible spatial configurations, reduce the school's ecological footprint, and build a strong connection to the outdoors in response to the mountain climate where they are located.
25
Barrenho, Eliana, Marisa Miraldo, Mujaheed Shaikh i Rifat Atun. "Vertical and horizontal equity of funding for malaria control: a global multisource funding analysis for 2006-2010". BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000496.
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Background International and domestic funding for
malaria is critically important to achieve the Sustainable
Development Goals. Its equitable distribution is key in
ensuring that the available, scarce, resources are deployed
efficiently for improved progress and a sustained response
that enables eradication.
Methods We used concentration curves and
concentration indices to assess inequalities in malaria
funding by different donors across countries, measuring
both horizontal and vertical equity. Horizontal equity
assesses whether funding is distributed in proportion to
health needs, whereas vertical equity examines whether
unequal economic needs are addressed by appropriately
unequal funding. We computed the Health Inequity Index
and the Kakwani Index to assess the former and the latter,
respectively. We used data from the World Bank, Global
Fund, Unicef, President's Malaria Initiative and the Malaria
Atlas Project to assess the distribution of funding against
need for 94 countries. National gross domestic product
per capita was used as a proxy for economic need and
"population-at-risk" for health need.
Findings The level and direction of inequity varies across
funding sources. Unicef and the President's Malaria Initiative
were the most horizontally inequitable (pro-poor). Inequity
as shown by the Health Inequity Index for Unicef decreased
from -0.40 (P<0.05) in 2006 to -0.25 (P<0.10) in 2008, and
increased again to -0.58 (P<0.01) in 2009. For President's
Malaria Initiative, it increased from -0.19 (P>0.10) in 2006
to -0.38 (P<0.05) in 2008, and decreased to -0.36 (P<0.10)
in 2010. Domestic funding was inequitable (pro-rich) with
inequity increasing from 0.28 (P<0.01) in 2006 to 0.39
(P<0.01) in 2009, and then decreasing to 0.22 (P<0.10) in
2010. Funding from the World Bank and the Global Fund
was distributed proportionally according to need. In terms of
vertical inequity, all sources were progressive: Unicef and the
President's Malaria Initiative were the most progressive with
the Kakwani Indices ranging from -0.97 (P<0.01) to -1.29
(P<0.01), and -0.90 (P<0.01) to -1.10 (P<0.01), respectively.
Conclusion Our results suggest that external funding of
malaria treatment tends to be allocated to countries with
higher health and economic need but not in proportion
to their relative health need and income when compared
to other countries. While malaria eradication might
require funders to disproportionally allocate funding that
goes beyond (financial and health) need, our analysis
highlights that funders might potentially be targeting in
excess certain countries. Regular assessments of need
and greater coordination among donors are necessary
for equitable resource allocation, to improve and sustain
progress with malaria control and elimination.
26
Smith, Sharon D. "Factors that Motivate Faculty to Pursue External Funding at a 4-Year Public Institution of Higher Education". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3011.
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The purpose of this quantitative nonexperimental study was to indicate a better understanding of factors that motivate faculty at a 4-year public institution of higher education to pursue external funding. The study is focused on examining the relationship between characteristics of individual faculty members, productivity related to external funding, and faculty perception of intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors related to pursuing external funding. External funding is a major source of support for research at institutions of higher education. For universities to increase external funding for research along with increasing research productivity, it is essential that university faculty members are motivated to engage in research and seeking funding to support it (Chval & Nossaman, 2014). In order to provide adequate support universities need a clearer understanding of factors that may contribute to faculty’s motivation to pursue external funding.
This study was conducted at a 4-year public university in the Southeastern region of the United States. One hundred sixty-seven full-time tenure-track and tenured faculty participated in the study using the web-based anonymous Motivating Factors to Pursuing External Funding Faculty Survey developed by the researcher. The quantitative data were analyzed using a series of single sample t-test, independent t-test, and chi-squared test.
This study revealed that the gender and tenure status of full-time tenure-track and tenured faculty at the participating institution does not significantly affect their productivity as it relates to grant submissions or awards. The findings also indicated that the full-time tenure-track and tenured faculty perceive autonomy and self-actualization as significant intrinsic positive motivators and financial rewards as a significant extrinsic positive motivator to pursuing external funding. Additionally, the study found that the full-time tenure-track and tenured faculty did not perceive institutional support services as an extrinsic motivator to pursuing external funding.
27
Bengtsson, Anna. "Crowdfunding of condominium". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146615.
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The purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether a specific method of financing, so called Crowd Funding, CF, can be applied on the Swedish housing market. Limitations are made to the housing market of Stockholm since it is different in many ways from the housing market in the rest of the country. Real estate is only mentioned as examples of items in different funding methods when the new solution is aimed primarily for the condominium market. Problems are identified and investigated through interviews with officials involved in funding. Preliminary there is a historical background to the proposal, various needs that have arisen and why. The background includes the concept of CF as a method, its application and what it is that makes it so successful. This is followed by an overview of the conventional lending market in Sweden and an overview of a range of alternative financing methods that could be applied to the condominium property today. A solution based on a combination of CF and conventional mortgages is presented. It also follows issues that must be investigated and resolved in connection with the use of CF in combination with conventional mortgages. The problems are discussed in interviews with relevant officials and presented under the heading Results of the investigations. A brief overview of client funds and client accounts is provided as background for the reader to follow the reasoning that follows. Finally, there is a draft legally tenable agreement that could be applied to the presented solution. The thesis discusses legal parties and concepts in situations that might arise. Under alternative financing methods situations are discussed between lenders and borrowers. Lenders are usually institutional lenders, but may include private lenders as well. Borrowers are generally individuals. The whole relationship is built up as a form of credit where the risk premium is paid in a form of an option. This means that the funding schemes are mixed in a new form of financing, why the parties' names also may be mixed.Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om en specifik finansieringsmetod, så kallad Crowd Funding, CF, går att tillämpa på den svenska bostadsrättsmarknaden. Avgränsningar görs till Stockholms bostadsrättsmarknad då denna skiljer sig på många sätt från bostadsmarknaden i resten av landet. Fastigheter tas endast upp som exempel på objekt inom finansieringsmetoder då den nya lösningen i första hand riktar sig till bostadsrättsobjekt. Problem identifieras och utreds genom intervjuer med funktionärer som arbetar med finansiering. Inledande presenteras bakgrunden till förslaget, olika behov som har uppstått och varför. Bakgrunden innefattar begreppet CF som metod, hur den tillämpats och vad det är som gör den så framgångsrik. Därefter ges en översikt över den konventionella lånemarknaden i Sverige och en översikt över en rad alternativa finansieringar som skulle kunna tillämpas på bostadsrättsobjekt idag. . En potentiell lösning av finansieringsproblematiken presenteras i form av ett förslag som innebär en kombination av CF och konventionella lån. Vidare följer problem som måste undersökas och lösas i samband med användning av CF och konventionella lån. Problemen diskuteras i intervjuer med relevanta funktionärer och presenteras under rubriken "Resultat från undersökningar" En kort översikt om klientmedel och klientmedelskonton ges som bakgrund till läsaren för att kunna följa resonemanget som följer. Slutligen presenteras ett utkast till juridiskt hållbart avtal som skulle kunna tillämpas på CF. I uppsatsen diskuteras juridiska parter och begrepp i situation som kan tänkas uppstå. Under alternativa finansieringsmetoder diskuteras situationer mellan långivare och låntagare. Långivare är normalt institutionella kreditgivare men kan även innefatta mer privata kreditgivare. Låntagare är generellt endast privatpersoner. Under avsnittet där CF helt eller delvis tillämpas på bostäder, benämns kreditgivare som investerare eller finansiär beroende på finansieringsform. Låntagaren, köpare av bostaden, benämns kredittagaren. Hela förhållandet är uppbyggt som en form av kreditgivning där riskpremien betalas ut i en form av option. Detta innebär att finansieringsmetoderna blandas i en ny form av finansiering, varför parternas benämningar också kan komma att blandas.
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Scherrer, Miles. "Funding of Social Enterprises : A case study of high investor engagement funding practices on for-profit social enterprises". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-297872.
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This bachelor thesis evaluates how high-engagement investors contribute to the development and growth of for-profit social enterprises by providing both funding and non-financial advisory services focused on organisational capacity-building. Case studies on three social enterprises describe the structure of funding deals, what considerations affected these due to the high social character of the ventures, and inquire into the relationship between social enterprise and their investors to evaluate how the investors provide value for their investees beyond capital. The investor types involved include commercial venture capital funds, angel investors, accelerator programs and venture philanthropy funds; a sort of social impact investment fund which combines the high- engagement mentoring of venture capital funds with lower expectations on financial returns in exchange for higher demands on social impact. The findings indicate that high-engagement investors in general provide a wide range of services to the social enterprises studied, where strategic advisory services and networks introductions are identified as key enablers for development. Aligning philosophies on the combination of business and social impact is also identified as critical for a constructive relationship between investor and investee. The perceived value of venture philanthropy funding diverges between the cases; while filling an empty space in the social enterprise capital market, some findings question their capabilities and investment model. Apart from the initial research questions on how high-engagement investors add value to social enterprises, the study raises further questions on social enterprise funding in general and the issues that obstructs these organisations from introducing innovation and growth to underdeveloped markets.
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Hurley, Charles A. "Capital Maintenance Funding of Two-year Colleges in the Tennessee Board of Regents System and Selected Funding Models". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1993. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2737.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the differences between selected state capital maintenance models and the model used in Tennessee. Research questions addressed the differences between the other selected models and the Tennessee model; the quantitative results of the models using data collected from the 14 Tennessee public two-year colleges, and the policy issue differences of the selected models. Research involved gathering information for each specific selected model including common factors used to calculate capital maintenance needs. Comparisons were made of the major components of each model. Actual data from the 14 Tennessee public two-year colleges was incorporated into each model. The quantitative results were then compared. Research also revealed policy issue differences between the selected models. These differences were examined. Results of this study included suggestions for enhancements to the Tennessee model which would provide more equitable funding of capital maintenance needs for each institution. Other suggestions and conclusions included the development of specific training and guidelines for the proper completion of model calculations. It was also suggested that an awareness campaign be initiated to strengthen the funding authority's commitment to the capital maintenance problem.
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Goodhart, Christopher A. "Allocation of navy real property maintenance funding". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA334843.
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Karsch, Michelle E. "An analysis of Navy bachelor housing funding". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1993. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA277310.
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Dotan, Gil'ad. "Women's nonprofit-organizations, funding, nature, management, dilemmas". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ33984.pdf.
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Luke, Charles A. Camp William E. "Equity in Texas public education facilities funding". [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3647.
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Toh, Carolyn Anne. "A new way of funding public hospitals /". Title page, and contents only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EC/09ect645.pdf.
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Thomson, Frances Louise. "Intergovernment funding of tourism on Kangaroo Island /". Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EC/09ect4829.pdf.
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Fisher, Justin T. "The institutional funding of British political parties". Thesis, Brunel University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385180.
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Stadler, Christian. "Three essays on pension accounting and funding". Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530783.
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Kral, Steven G. "A balanced approach to funding homeland security". Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/44599.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedState and local funds are currently inadequate for completely securing local infrastructures. This thesis poses a solution to the funding issues by looking at the problem from two perspectives: risk assessment methodology and civic involvement. Risk assessment reduces the need for funding by funding the highest risk return on investment assets only. It is the foundation for determining the funding and resources required for hazard mitigation; however, the current risk methodology used by the Department of Homeland Security, Threat and Hazard Identification Risk Assessment, is flawed because it lacks adequate rigor and does not incorporate a major goal in measuring effectiveness—return on investment. Citizen involvement may provide an alternative source of funding through crowdsourcing, rather than taxation. Involving citizens in making decisions about resources and raising capital for security measures provides a viable alternative to federal funding and supports public desire to play a role against terrorism. But in order to make such a shift in expectations attainable, citizens must have the trust and transparency that is fostered through accurate assessments, communication, engagement, and reporting. This thesis evaluates the current risk methodology and its shortcomings and proposes a more rigorous approach based on in-depth, holistic risk analysis to reduce vulnerabilities within a vast network of critical infrastructure assets, and proposes crowdsourcing, crowdfunding, and bonding as alternatives to traditional federal government grant funding.
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Gayle, Vernon. "Students' personal funding strategies in higher education". Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298295.
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Hwang, Yuan-Shie. "Funding health care in Britain and Taiwan". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283167.
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Colombo, Luigi. "Funding strategies for defined benefit pension schemes". Thesis, City University London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418979.
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Owadally, Muhammad Iqbal. "The dynamics and control of pension funding". Thesis, City University London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287665.
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Kassahun, Walelign M. "HIV Prevalence and Donor Funding in Ethiopia". Thesis, Walden University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13806354.
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Many researchers have documented the trend of decreasing financial support from donors for human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) responses in Ethiopia. Less information is available regarding the correlation between trends of HIV prevalence and external funding and ways to address the impact that funding scarcity could cause. The purpose of this study was to examine the trend of HIV prevalence and donor funding levels, analyzing how the 2 are correlated, and opportunities to improve responses. Using the proximate determinant framework, the research questions examined the changes in HIV prevalence in Ethiopia during the past 10 years; the association between the trends of HIV prevalence, funding levels, and services provided; and the effect of different characteristics on the trend of the prevalence. A paired sample t-test, time series forecasting, Pearson correlation, chi-square test, and multiple regression were employed using a secondary data of sampled 1,067 people from the Demographic and Health Surveys and data from donors. Results indicated that the change in prevalence was statistically significant (t [10] = 4.59, p = .001), and correlated with the funding levels(r (10) = .635*, p = .027), a significant relationship between funding level and type of services, χ2 (2, N = 1067) = 1425.7, p < .001 and a significant regression equation to predict HIV prevalence (F (9, 1056) = 12.639, p < .001). The results from this study could be used to inform the Ministry of Health of Ethiopia and HIV project implementers to plan for domestic sustainable financing initiatives, invest based upon evidence-based HIV prevention strategies that could most directly impact quality of life and guide future research.
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Makgamatho, Kedibone Grace. "Funding rural development in South African municipalities". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95596.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.The main purpose of this research paper is to reveal the importance of rural development with the aim of making municipalities the main drivers of rural development - this in an effort to stimulate and increase economic participation for rural people. The study seeks to understand the intervention by municipalities in accelerating rural development, how municipalities are currently implementing and funding development programmes to improve the lives of rural people. Rural development has been a key strategy to develop the lives of rural people in many countries around the globe. The concept has somewhat been paired in other countries with the achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). In the new South Africa, the rural development concept has been revived through the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP), which intended to eliminate the inequality that was brought by the apartheid system. Many other programmes of development or rather, rural development, were introduced to bridge the gap between the poverty-stricken areas/individual and those who have access to resources for the betterment of their lives. The signs of poverty are, however, still visible in many parts of South Africa, with insignificant signs of improved lives, mostly for rural areas, regardless of the programmes that have been initiated by government since the democratic elections took place in 1994. Thus, the effectiveness of rural development policies and implementation of associated programmes are still questionable. Municipalities are mandated to implement the rural development programmes by default, as they are closer to beneficiaries and communities on the ground. Thus, enabling municipalities to steer these development programmes is a good bottom-up approach to development as opposed to national level undertaking to implement these programmes from the top. However, municipalities have also proved to have their challenges, including challenges of sourcing funding, which then make the drive and implementation of these development ideas difficult to carry out. The study reveals that funding of rural services or anything that is rural in nature, has become very difficult. Thus, this study investigated how municipalities strive to raise funding for rural development in an effort to improve rural people’s lives. The related factor that has been investigated is the capabilities and capacity of municipalities to implement the development programmes. The study also explored the current development situation on how municipalities have been able to carry out the development mandates and what has been the impact of rural development programmes/policies since they have been developed to breach the gap of inequality in the country. Indication by municipalities is that most of their funding is from the government through the Municipal Infrastructure Grants (MIG) and Equitable Share. However, this funding does not necessarily encompass funding for rural development programmes but rather is for normal capital expenditure, operational expenditure to enable basic service delivery projects, such as water and electricity. The results have indicated that rural development projects are not specifically or necessarily budgeted for, but they are dealt with on a case-by-case basis or as and when rural development ideas are thought of. Regarding the institutional capacity of municipalities, most of the municipalities within the sample (72%) indicated that there is lack of adequate and skilled labour to address the challenges and priorities of rural development. The above challenges have led to municipalities realising a minimal impact for rural development and the inability to prove and point out in any way, the improvement of rural people’s lives. Perhaps some of this depends on how municipalities and communities understand rural development. The study revealed that most municipalities understand rural development as improvement of rural people’s lives and understood rural development as the provision of rural services and infrastructure. This thought is correct regarding rural development, however, the challenges of minimal impact experienced by municipalities could be linked to the limited funding that is being provided for rural development. The consensus is that funding of rural development has been minimal and there has to be more interaction to ensure it is as a priority like other programmes planned and budgeted for by government. There is a need for municipalities to be properly capacitated with skills and technical assistance to take forward the rural development mandate. In the process, municipalities should be able to allocate funds provided either by government or by private sector institutions to avoid rural development projects being funded by chance. To reduce the poverty lines that are visible in most rural areas, rural communities also need to be given training to allow them the mobility to grow those rural development programmes being introduced by government and municipalities, thus sustaining their lives in the long term. Collaboration is of importance, thus different stakeholders should be involved to assist municipalities in accelerating the rural development agenda.
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Serti, Pierre, i Tom William. "Debit Value Adjustment & Funding Value Adjustment". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analys och sannolikhetsteori, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-288029.
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Ostrom-Blonigen, Jean. "Funding the Technology of a Research University". Diss., North Dakota State University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27007.
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Using the central information technology unit (CITU) on the North Dakota State University (NDSU) campus, this project triangulated two independent studies in an effort to converge data findings. The studies were conducted in an effort to determine whether CITU?s budget constraints were known to its stakeholders and how the extended use of the theory of Communication Privacy Management (CPM) into this organizational communication setting might be possible. The studies, which were both conducted by a CITU employee (participant/observer) included: 1) an online email survey involving 244 non-student employee participants and 2) interviews with 21 non-student employees. In Study #1, the participant/observer and two independent coders found, with the exception of CITU?s leadership, that NDSU?s non-student employees did not appear to consider CITU?s budget constraints in their IT needs/requests of CITU. From these results, the participant/observer and two independent coders identified a communication opportunity for CITU to create a message linking CITU?s inability to meet the campus? IT needs/requests directly to its budget constraints. In Study #2, the participant/observer and two independent coders again found, with the exception of CITU?s leadership, that NDSU?s non-student employees did not appear to consider CITU?s budget constraints in their IT needs/requests of CITU. Additionally, the participant/observer and two independent coders found the presence of all six CPM propositions and four facets of communication identified in both the CPM and organizational communication literature. Even in an open-records state, such as North Dakota, CPM may be useful in describing the communication challenges surrounding both private and traditionally private information within newly formed organizations like CITU or within existing organizations that function more as a set of unrelated individuals. Central IT units or other organizations that are experiencing relationship dissatisfaction with their stakeholders due to budget constraints must work to invite their stakeholders to be co-owners in their budget difficulties, so that they understand why their IT need/requests are not being met. In order to accomplish this task, CITU?s message must be simple and consistent and must be accompanied by a firm set of negotiated rules. When messages are consistent and understood, satisfied co-ownership exists.
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Luke, Charles A. "Equity in Texas Public Education Facilities Funding". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3647/.
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The need to establish appropriate, adequate, and decent educational facilities for school children across the nation has been well-established. The ability of school districts in each state to build these facilities has varied widely in the past. Historically, most facilities funding ability for school districts has come from the local community and has been tied to property wealth and the ability of the community to raise significant tax dollars to pay for school buildings. Responding to an expanding need for increased facilities funding and school funding litigation, the state of Texas added facilities funding mechanisms for public school facilities construction in the late 1990s. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not the methods of facilities funding were equitable in the state of Texas. In this study, equity values were framed around three equity concepts established in school funding equity literature. These three concepts were (1) horizontal equity defined as the equal treatment of equals, (2) vertical equity defined as the unequal treatment of unequals, and (3) wealth neutrality defined as the absence of a relationship between school district wealth and the equal opportunity of students. The sample comprised 1,039 school districts in the state of Texas. Well-established equity measures were administered to data including capital outlays, weighted per pupil capital outlays, instructional facilities allotments, and school district wealth. Horizontal equity measures included the McLoone index, the Verstegen index, the federal range ratio, and the coefficient of variation tests. The Odden-Picus Adequacy index (OPAI) was administered to determine levels of vertical equity. Finally, wealth neutrality was determined utilizing the Pearson product-moment correlation test. Findings indicated that there were poor horizontal equity levels both in the top half and bottom half of the distribution of capital outlay spenders. A coefficient of variation test was administered to determine overall horizontal equity. While it did not indicate poor overall horizontal equity, the existence of extreme outliers in both halves of the distribution indicated that the dispersion of spending at the top and bottom of the distribution were inequitable. In fact, over the three year period of the study, fifteen percent of the top spending districts spent between forty and fifty percent of all capital outlay expenditures. Vertical equity was tested by implementing a court mandated equalization standard of eighty-five percent. When the OPAI was administered at this equity level, vertical equity was poorer than horizontal equity. Finally, while some state implemented facilities funding mechanisms were wealth-neutral, the overall funding system, with its heavy reliance on bonded indebtedness, was not.
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Georgiou, Danielle. "The Politics Of State Public Arts Funding". Arlington, TX : University of Texas at Arlington, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10106/973.
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Askin, Jacalyn Ann. "Community college funding: Environmental and institutional influences". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282905.
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Community colleges are unique among higher education institutions in their potential access to local appropriations as well as state funding. Twenty-six states reported to the Education Commission of the States in 2001 that community colleges in their states received some share of local funding. In research question one, using data for 781 public community colleges, we explore the implications of resource dependency theory for mission differentiation between dual-funded and state-funded colleges. Research question two studies the influences of state demographics, economics, politics and college governance on state and local appropriations. We examine how these factors similarly and differently influence the two streams of public funding as well as how the two interact. We also investigate the question of whether local appropriations "pay off" for community colleges. This work extends prior research that has focused on funding for higher education in the aggregate or for four-year colleges and universities.
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Kassahun, Walelign Meheretu. "HIV Prevalence and Donor Funding in Ethiopia". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6446.
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Many researchers have documented the trend of decreasing financial support from donors for human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) responses in Ethiopia. Less information is available regarding the correlation between trends of HIV prevalence and external funding and ways to address the impact that funding scarcity could cause. The purpose of this study was to examine the trend of HIV prevalence and donor funding levels, analyzing how the 2 are correlated, and opportunities to improve responses. Using the proximate determinant framework, the research questions examined the changes in HIV prevalence in Ethiopia during the past 10 years; the association between the trends of HIV prevalence, funding levels, and services provided; and the effect of different characteristics on the trend of the prevalence. A paired sample t-test, time series forecasting, Pearson correlation, chi-square test, and multiple regression were employed using a secondary data of sampled 1,067 people from the Demographic and Health Surveys and data from donors. Results indicated that the change in prevalence was statistically significant (t [10] = 4.59, p = .001), and correlated with the funding levels(r (10) = .635*, p = .027), a significant relationship between funding level and type of services, Ï?2 (2, N = 1067) = 1425.7, p <.001 and a significant regression equation to predict HIV prevalence (F (9, 1056) = 12.639, p < .001). The results from this study could be used to inform the Ministry of Health of Ethiopia and HIV project implementers to plan for domestic sustainable financing initiatives, invest based upon evidence-based HIV prevention strategies that could most directly impact quality of life and guide future research.