Artykuły w czasopismach: „Fruit fly”

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Gede Swibawa, I., F. X. Susilo, Indra Murti i Esti Ristiyani. "SERANGAN DACUS CUCURBITAE ( DIPTERA: TRYPETIDAE) PADA BUAH MENTIMUN DAN PARE YANG DIBUNGKUS PADA SAAT PENTIL". Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 3, nr 2 (3.09.2003): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.2343-46.

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Dacus cucurbitae ( Diptera: Trypetidae) attacks on cucumber and peria fruits wrapped at cherelle stage. The fruit flies were important pests of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) and peria (Memordica charantia L.). The flies attacked fruits by laying egg on the fruit surface and their developing immatures caused serious damages from the inside. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of the fruit wrapping at cherelle stage on fruit fly infestation on cucumber or peria fruits. The experiment was conducted in villages of Terbanggi Besar (Central Lampung) and Jati Agung (South Lampung) during October—November 2001. A set of cherelle stage fruits, i.e. those just shed off their florescence, were wrapped using plastic bags while another set of adjacent fruits were left unwrapped. Fruits (treated or untreated) were taken soon after they fell off or at their normal harvest time, whichever came first, then were weighed and incubated in the laboratory to observe the fruit fly emergence. The results showed that fruit wrapping significantly reduced the fruit fly infestation and suppressed the fruit fly population on cucumber or peria fruits. The wrapped fruits weighed more than unwrapped fruits

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Zentani, Eman A. "Identification and description of Fruit fly species associated with different hosts in some Tripoli Fruit Orchards". Journal of Misurata University for Agricultural Sciences, nr 01 (6.10.2019): 338–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.27.

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The present field study was carried out to identify fruit fly species in Tripoli fruit orchards during 2016 – 2017 seasons by using fruit rearing method. Five hosts were examined in this study namely Guava Psidium guajava L. , Pear Pyrus communis، , Plum Prunus cerasifera, pomegranate Punica granatum and Peach Prunus persica The results revealed that three species of fruit flies that belong to family Tephritidae were identified; the Peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zontana (Saunders) and the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemaan), which were found in all fruit trees examined, and Bactrocera sp.that was recorded for the first time on Guava in the area. The fourth fruit fly species recorded was the African fig fly, Zaprionus indianus (Gupta) in pomegranate and Guava fruits.

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Pangihutan, Josua Crystovel, Danar Dono i Yusup Hidayat. "The potency of minerals to reduce oriental fruit fly infestation in chili fruits". PeerJ 10 (14.04.2022): e13198. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13198.

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Introductions In many areas, particularly in Asia, the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) causes considerable fruit damage on various plants. The fruit fly causes significant economic losses every year due to reduced fruit quantity and quality as well as export restrictions. This study aimed to examine the potency of minerals in controlling the oriental fruit fly infestation in chili fruits. Methods Experiments were conducted under laboratory and semi-field conditions using randomized block design. Ten minerals (i.e. kaolin, talc, zinc oxide, bentonite, sulfur, dolomite, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and zeolite) and an untreated control were tested under laboratory conditions. Twenty chili fruits at a green stage were soaked in each mineral suspension (2%, w/v), air-dried, and placed in a trial cage (23-L plastic container) containing 20 female oriental fruit flies. In a semi-field bioassay using a screen cage (100 cm × 70 cm × 120 cm), 20 female oriental fruit flies were exposed to a fruit-bearing chili plant sprayed with mineral suspension. Results Talc and calcium oxide significantly reduced the numbers of visiting fruit flies, oviposition holes, and eggs laid, as well as the percentage of infested chili fruits in a laboratory bioassay. Calcium hydroxide was substantially better than talc in controlling fruit fly infestation in a semi-field bioassay, although it was not significantly different from calcium oxide and calcium carbonate. Conclusion Overall, calcium oxide is a viable option for the long-term control of the oriental fruit fly on chili fruits. Calcium oxide could be utilized as the push component of a push-pull strategy to manage oriental fruit fly infestation in chili fruits because of its potential to inhibit the number of visiting fruit flies and oviposition.

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VASS, EMILY, i ANTHONY J. NAPPI. "Fruit Fly Immunity". BioScience 51, nr 7 (2001): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0529:ffi]2.0.co;2.

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Duyck, Pierre-François, Patrice David, Guillemette Junod, Caroline Brunel, Raphaël Dupont i Serge Quilici. "TROPICAL FRUIT FLY". Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 87, nr 3 (lipiec 2006): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9623(2006)87[199:tff]2.0.co;2.

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Dearolf, C. "Fruit fly “leukemia”". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer 1377, nr 1 (20.02.1998): M13—M23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-419x(97)00031-0.

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Stephenson, J. "Fruit Fly Genome". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 281, nr 11 (17.03.1999): 978—b—978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.281.11.978-b.

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Stephenson, Joan. "Fruit Fly Genome". JAMA 281, nr 11 (17.03.1999): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.281.11.978-jha90001-3-1.

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Nikos T. Papadopoulos, Dimitrios P. Papachristos i Charalambos Ioannou. "CITRUS FRUITS AND THE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY". Acta Horticulturae, nr 1065 (styczeń 2015): 1009–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2015.1065.126.

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Sultana, MS, MAK Azad i MS Islam. "Screening of Some Botanicals for Eco-friendly Control of Cucurbit Fruit Fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae) Infestation in Experimental Cucumber Field". Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 13, nr 1-2 (6.07.2022): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v13i1-2.60685.

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Cucurbit fruit fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae) is the major pest of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), which severely damage the cucumber production. This study was carried to evaluate the efficacy of fourteen botanicals such as Chili (Capsicum frutescens), Garlic (Allium sativum), Onion (Allium cepa), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Carrot leaves(Daucuscarota subsp. Sativus), Bitter gourd (Momordic acharantia), young Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Mahogany seed (Swietenia macrophylla), Eucalyptus leaves (Eucalyptus globulus), Black plum leaves (Syzygium cumini), Jackfruit leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus), Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica), Black pepper (Piper nigrum) and Garden croton leaves (Codiaeum variegatum) to control the cucurbit fruit fly infestation in experimental cucumber (Green Rohini F1 Hybrid Cucumber) field during March 15, 2021– May 14, 2021. This study observed a less number of cucurbit fruit fly attack on cucumber fruits in Ginger treatment. In this treatment, only 7.06% fruits were infested by cucurbit fruit fly. The Ginger treatment reduced 14.17 times fruit fly infestation compare to control. However, a high number of cucurbit fruit fly infestations were found in Bitter gourd, young Tomato, Mahogany and Garden croton treatments. Cucurbit fruit fly infestation was low (12.50%) in Neem treatment. This treatment showed best performance on cucumber size (cm) and yield (gm). The lowest yield was found in Bitter gourd treatment. The Neem treatment kept about 3.54 times better performance in respect to cucumber yield than that of control treatment. Therefore, Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) extracts can be used as bio-pesticide for eco-friendly control of cucurbit fruit fly infestation in cucumber field. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 13(1&2): 38-42, 2020

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Rai, A., L. P. Sah, K. Adhikari i K. Shrestha. "Farmer's Perception of Fruit Fly Bactrocera spp. in Mandarin Orange and their Management in Sankhuwasabha District of Nepal". Journal of the Plant Protection Society 7, nr 01 (8.08.2022): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpps.v7i01.47287.

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The study was conducted from October to December, 2020 to evaluate farmers' understanding of loss incurred by Bactrocera spp. on mandarin orange and practices adopted by farmers for their management. Eighty households of mandarin orange growers and 15 agro-vets were purposively selected and information was collected using a semi structured questionnaire. The findings indicated severe infestation of fruit fly in mandarin with 53% of the farmers having low (>15%), 36% having medium (15-30%) and 11% having high (>30%) level of fruit damage in their orchards. The survey identified several management practices like collection and destruction of fallen fruits, pruning, use of traps and chemical pesticides in controlling fruit fly. About two-third (61.25%) of the respondents used chemicals and 15% of the farmers collected and destroyed affected fallen fruits. Some farmers also practiced pruning in the study area for the control of fruit fly. The use of traps was a rarity and its use was limited to only 10% of the total respondents. Since farmers were not much aware of the impact, life cycle and different species of fruit fly, lacked adequate training, support, and supervision, effective management of fruit fly was not possible and resulted in a much greater damage in mandarin fruit.

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Radonjić, Sanja, Snježana Hrnčić i Tatjana Perović. "Overview of fruit flies important for fruit production on the Montenegro seacoast". BASE, nr 1 (2019): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.17776.

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Description of the subject. Fruit flies are a large group of pests belonging to the order Diptera. The family Tephritidae is one of two fly families referred to as “fruit flies”. Tephritidae (true fruit flies) represent one of the largest families of flies and are part of a group of the most destructive agricultural pests in the world, attacking a wide range of fruits and fleshy vegetables. The other fruit fly family is the Drosophilidae, often called “vinegar flies”. There are also fly species from other Diptera families that attack the fruits of agricultural crops. Objectives. Due to its favorable geographic position and Mediterranean climate, the Montenegro seacoast is suited to fruit and vegetable production. The aim of this study was to make an inventory of the fruit fly species affecting fruit crops on the Montenegro seacoast. Method. The study area was 300 km along the Montenegro coast. Different types of traps (lure attractants, pheromone, and yellow sticky traps) were used for the monitoring, detection and recording of the spread of fruit flies in the area. Results. From an economic point of view, the most important species of fruit flies recorded were the Bactrocera oleae Gmel. and Ceratitis capitata Wiedem. Rhagoletis cerasi L. and Carpomya vesuviana Costa were also found to be present. Although several specimens of Rhagoletis cingulata Loew were detected in 2013-2014, this species has not, to date, been considered as established in the area of study. After the first detection of Drosophila suzukii Matsumura in 2013, this fruit fly was found to spread rapidly, and its presence is now observed along the whole Montenegro seacoast. One of the fruit fly species recorded, Silba adipata McAlpine, is considered to be one of the most destructive pests for fig production in Montenegro. Conclusions. Of seven species recorded in the study, five belonged to the family Tephritidae, and one each to Drosophilidae and Lonchaeidae.

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Syamsudin, Tati Suryati, Rinda Kirana, Asih Kartasih Karjadi i Ahmad Faizal. "Characteristics of Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) That Are Resistant and Susceptible to Oriental Fruit Fly (Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel) Infestation". Horticulturae 8, nr 4 (8.04.2022): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8040314.

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The response of chili (Capsicum annuum L.) to oriental fruit fly infestation (Bactrocera dorsalis) is highly variable among varieties. The differences in the resistance level of chili to oriental fruit fly infestation are presumed to be determined by the characteristics of chili fruit. This study aims to evaluate the morphochemical characteristics of different resistance levels of chili fruits to oriental fruit fly infestation in field conditions. The field test was carried out at the research station of the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI), West Java, Indonesia. Six essential derivatives of C. annuum from IVEGRI, consisting of three resistant and three susceptible varieties, were established in a prior investigation. The test population included 132 plants, with 22 plants planted for each variety. The resistance parameters observed were oviposition incidence, yield loss, fitness index, and chili fruit characteristics (morphology, nutrition, volatile compounds). The results showed that there were morphological and chemical differences between the varieties resistant and susceptible to oriental fruit fly infestation. The morphological characteristics of the fruit (width, weight, and thickness of fruit flesh) and fruit shape at pedicel attachment had an impact on the resistance level of fruit flies. Meanwhile, volatile compounds, water content, carbohydrates, and fiber content were among the chemical features that influenced oriental fruit fly infestation.

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Sela, Shlomo, David Nestel, Riky Pinto, Esther Nemny-Lavy i Moshe Bar-Joseph. "Mediterranean Fruit Fly as a Potential Vector of Bacterial Pathogens". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, nr 7 (lipiec 2005): 4052–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.7.4052-4056.2005.

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ABSTRACT The Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) is a cosmopolitan pest of hundreds of species of commercial and wild fruits. It is considered a major economic pest of commercial fruits in the world. Adult Mediterranean fruit flies feed on all sorts of protein sources, including animal excreta, in order to develop eggs. After reaching sexual maturity and copulating, female flies lay eggs in fruit by puncturing the skin with their ovipositors and injecting batches of eggs into the wounds. In view of the increase in food-borne illnesses associated with consumption of fresh produce and unpasteurized fruit juices, we investigated the potential of Mediterranean fruit fly to serve as a vector for transmission of human pathogens to fruits. Addition of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged Escherichia coli to a Mediterranean fruit fly feeding solution resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the fly's bacterial load. Flies exposed to fecal material enriched with GFP-tagged E. coli were similarly contaminated and were capable of transmitting E. coli to intact apples in a cage model system. Washing contaminated apples with tap water did not eliminate the E. coli. Flies inoculated with E. coli harbored the bacteria for up to 7 days following contamination. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that the majority of fluorescent bacteria were confined along the pseudotrachea in the labelum edge of the fly proboscis. Wild flies captured at various geographic locations were found to carry coliforms, and in some cases presumptive identification of E. coli was made. These findings support the hypothesis that the common Mediterranean fruit fly is a potential vector of human pathogens to fruits.

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Neupane, FP, MD Sharma i KR Neupane. "Incidence of Insect Pests on Chayote, Sechium edule (Swartz.) in Nepal". Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science 27 (1.05.2006): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v27i0.711.

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The insect pests recorded during 1993-96 on chayote in Chitwan, Lalitpur and Parbat districts were as follows: white grubs (Phyllophaga spp.), mole cricket (Gryllotalpa fussor Fab.), field cricket (Brachytrypes portentosus Licht.), red pumpkin beetle (Aulacophora foveicollis Lucas), blue pumpkin beetle (Aulacophora lewisii Baly), flea beetle (Monolepta signata Oliv.), tobacco caterpillar (Spodoptera litura Fab.), stink bug (Coridius janus Fab.), spotted beetle (Epilachna pusilanima Mulsant), banded blister beetle (Mylabris phalerata Pallas), brown bug (Agonoscelis nubila Fab.), cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glov.), pumpkin fruit fly (Bacterocera cucurbitae Coq.), and three unidentified insect pests- brown weevil, hairy caterpillars and stem boring beetle. Of them, the fruit fly and cotton aphid were the serious ones. Nepalese and Mexican accessions of chayotes varied for their susceptibility to both the above insects. The chayote fruits with tough fruit skin and dense and long spines were less susceptible to fruit fly, while the spineless and smooth fruits were the most susceptible. Key words: Chayote germplasm, insect pests, aphid and fruit fly J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 27:161-164 (2006)

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Seguni, ZuberiSingano. "EFFECT OF COMMUNITY BASED AREA-WIDE FRUIT FLY SUPPRESSION ON BACTROCERA DORSALIS POPULATION IN ORANGE ORCHARDS IN MUHEZA DISTRICT TANZANIA". International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, nr 9 (30.09.2016): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i9.2016.2532.

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A community-based area wide fruit fly suppression exercise involving simultaneous application by farmers of methyl eugenol-mediated mass capture of males of Bactrocera dorsalis fruit fly, crop sanitation by burial of fallen fruits and SUCCESS bait (GF 121)spot application of citrus tree crowns, was undertaken in three villages in Muheza district, Tanga region north eastern Tanzania. Male fruit fly numbers in methyl eugenol traps dropped significantly following application of the treatments from 970 flies per trap per week before application of treatments in July 2011 to 100 and 46 flies six and nine months after treatments at Kwabada village; 200 flies per trap per week before to 34 and one flies after treatment at Kwemsaa village and from 800 flies before to 64 and 50 flies per trap per week during the same period at Mlingano village. However, a fall occurred also in untreated orchards indicating a possible spill-over effect of the treatments due to the large area covered. Moreover, the treated areas might have acted as a sink that drew fruit flies from neighbouring untreated orchards into it. The drastic fall in trapped males may be associated with the effect of the treatments in reducing the number of flies so that fewer were available to fly into the traps. The collective and simultaneous application by farmers of fruit fly suppression over a large crop area is a robust strategy to manage fruit flies in citrus and other fruits orchards such as mango. The results suggest that farmers can successfully implement area-wide fruit fly suppression in smallholder citrus systems.

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Novotny, Vojtech, Anthony R. Clarke, Richard A. I. Drew, Solomon Balagawi i Barbara Clifford. "Host specialization and species richness of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in a New Guinea rain forest". Journal of Tropical Ecology 21, nr 1 (styczeń 2005): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467404002044.

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Frugivorous dacine fruit flies were studied in a lowland tropical rain forest in Papua New Guinea to determine their host specificity, abundance, and the number of species attacking various plant species. Plant species hosted 0–3 fruit fly species at median (1–3 quartile) densities of 1 (0–17) fruit flies per 100 fruits. Fruit flies were mostly specialized to a single plant family (83% species) and within each family to a single genus (88% species), while most of the species (66%) were able to feed on >1 congeneric plant species. Only 30 from the 53 studied plant species were colonized by fruit flies. The plant–fruit fly food web, including these 30 plant species and the total of 29 fruit fly species feeding on them, was divided into 14 compartments, each including 1–8 plant species hosting mutually disjunct assemblages of fruit flies. This structure minimizes indirect interactions among plant species via shared herbivores. The local species pool was estimated at 152±32 (±SE) fruit fly species. Forty per cent of all taxonomically described species known from Papua New Guinea were reared or trapped in our study area. Such a high proportion indicates low beta-diversity of fruit flies. Steiner traps were highly efficient in sampling the lure-responsive fruit fly species as they re-collected 84% of all species trapped in the same area 5 y before. Fruit fly monitoring by these traps is a cheap, simple and efficient method for the study of spatial and temporal changes in rain-forest communities.

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Clarke, Anthony R., i Penelope F. Measham. "Competition: A Missing Component of Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Risk Assessment and Planning". Insects 13, nr 11 (17.11.2022): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13111065.

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Tephritid fruit flies are internationally significant pests of horticulture. Because they are also highly invasive and of major quarantine concern, significant effort is placed in developing full or partial pest risk assessments (PRAs) for fruit flies, while large investments can be made for their control. Competition between fruit fly species, driven by the need to access and utilise fruit for larval development, has long been recognised by researchers as a fundamental component of fruit fly biology, but is entirely absent from the fruit fly PRA literature and appears not be considered in major initiative planning. First presenting a summary of the research data which documents fruit fly competition, this paper then identifies four major effects of fruit fly competition that could impact a PRA or large-scale initiative: (i) numerical reduction of an existing fruit fly pest species following competitive displacement by an invasive fruit fly; (ii) displacement of a less competitive fruit fly pest species in space, time or host; (iii) ecological resistance to fruit fly invasion in regions already with competitively dominant fruit fly species; and (iv) lesser-pest fruit fly resurgence following control of a competitively superior species. From these four major topics, six more detailed issues are identified, with each of these illustrated by hypothetical, but realistic biosecurity scenarios from Australia/New Zealand and Europe. The scenarios identify that the effects of fruit fly competition might both positively or negatively affect the predicted impacts of an invasive fruit fly or targeted fruit fly control initiative. Competition as a modifier of fruit fly risk needs to be recognised by policy makers and incorporated into fruit fly PRAs and major investment initiatives.

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Davenport, Thomas L., Thomas L. White i Stanley P. Burg. "Optimal Low-pressure Conditions for Long-term Storage of Fresh Commodities Kill Caribbean Fruit Fly Eggs and Larvae". HortTechnology 16, nr 1 (styczeń 2006): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.16.1.0098.

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U.S. regulations prevent importation of fresh horticultural commodities that have not received an approved quarantine treatment assuring 99.999% (Probit 9) mortality of potentially invasive insect pests. Because imported mangoes (Mangifera indica) are likely to be infested by the caribbean fruit fly (Anastrepha suspensa) and other tropical fruit flies in the Americas, such as the mexican fruit fly (A. ludens), guava fruit fly (A. striata), inga fruit fly (A. distincta), south american fruit fly (A. fraterculus), sapote fruit fly (A. serpentina), and the west indian fruit fly (A. obliqua), they must be hot-water treated prior to shipment in order to satisfy quarantine requirement. Hot water treatment often damages the fruit, especially if it is not fully mature. Hypobaric [low pressure (LP)] intermodal shipping containers developed by the VacuFresh Corp. preserve fresh commodities, such as horticulturally mature mangoes, far longer than is possible using other technologies. We tested the ability of caribbean fruit fly eggs and larvae to survive simulated optimal hypobaric conditions for shipment of mangoes [15 and 20 mm mercury (Hg), ≥98% relative humidity, 13 °C (the lowest, safe nonchilling temperature)]. Caribbean fruit fly eggs or larvae were maintained on agar media, flushed with one air change per hour at the storage pressure, and shielded with Mylar to prevent radiant heat uptake and limit evaporative cooling. Nearly 98% of the eggs and larvae were killed within 1 week at 15 and 20 mm Hg in nine replicated experiments. All eggs were killed by 11 days with a predicted kill of 99.999% of the eggs by 9.4 days in 15 mm Hg and 10.6 days in 20 mm Hg LP (based on Probit 9 statistical analysis), whereas a substantial number of eggs survived to 14 days at atmospheric pressure (760 mm Hg). Shipment of fresh produce using this technology promises to provide quarantine control while preserving the freshness of fully mature tropical fruits and vegetables.

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Kawate, Michael K., i Julia A. Coughlin. "Mediterranean Fruit Fly Control on Persimmon, 1989". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 18, nr 1 (1.01.1993): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.78.

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Abstract The study was conducted at 3 persimmon orchard sites in Kula, Hawaii. At each site, 10 trees were selected, 5 for treatment and 5 for control. Sprays were applied to bearing trees weekly during harvest to control MFF. Applications were made on 25 Oct; 1, 8, 15, and 22 Nov; 1 Dec. A CO2-backpack sprayer was operated at 30 psi, using an adjustable spray nozzle. Each tree received 20 ml of spray (4.9 liters/ha), 2.75 mg Al/ml. The spray was applied as 2-10 ml broadcast sprays, one on each side of the tree. Control trees were not sprayed. Fruits were harvested on 31 Oct; 7, 14, 21 Nov; 1, 8 Dec. Fruits were categorized into marketable fruit and fruit fly damage fruit and counted. Phytotoxicity was evaluated on 26 Oct.

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Sharma, Prakriti, i Bhishma Raj Dahal. "Life cycle and eco-friendly management of Chinese fruit fly (Bactrocera minax) in sweet orange (Citrus sinesis Osbeck) in Nepal". Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 5, nr 2 (25.06.2020): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2020.0502013.

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Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) is a highly profitable fruit crop of Nepal. However, for the past five years, farmers experienced poor productivity partly attributed to the severe infestation of exotic Chinese fruit fly (Bactorcera minax), particularly in Sindhuli and Ramechhap district of Nepal. In this context, we attempted to review on identification, life cycle, and eco-friendly management of Chinese fruit fly. The review is documented based on a field visit and relevant works of literature from Journal articles, books, pamphlets, etc. The Chinese fruit fly has tremendous ability to take a long-range flight, thus, migrated from China to Bhutan and crossing the Indo-Nepal eastern border, finally reached to eastern mid-hills of Nepal. Moderate temperature and low humidity of mid-hills of Nepal are favorable for the exponential growth of the pest. Being sweet orange most preferable commodity, the host range of the fly includes almost all the citrus fruits. The fly has damaged 20-50% of the fruit every year and resulted in a loss of millions of rupees. Therefore various pest management practices can be deployed for sustainable eco-friendly management of the pest. The Chinese fruit fly can be successfully managed by hydrolase protein baits, regular pruning, augmentation of bio-control agents, and using soft systemic insecticides. Various other options for the management of Chinese fruit fly are also discussed with their biological efficacy for the sustainable and eco-friendly management of pests.

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Kawate, Michael K., i Julia A. Coughlin. "Mediterranean Fruit Fly Control on Persimmon, 1991". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 18, nr 1 (1.01.1993): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.78a.

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Abstract The study was conducted at a 50-yr-old persimmon orchard in Kula, Hawaii. Thirty trees were used; 15 for treatment and 15 for control. Sprays were applied to bearing trees prior to first harvest and continuing weekly throughout the harvest period to control MFF. Application dates were as follows: 18 and 25 Sep; 2, 9, 16, 23, and 30 Oct; 6, 13, 20, and 27 Nov. Sprays were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer at 30 psi with a single nozzle generating large droplets. Each tree received 100 ml of spray (25 liters/ha), 2.0 mg Al/ml. The spray was directed at the underside of foliage on each tree. Control trees were not sprayed. All mature persimmon fruits on each tree were harvested weekly. Harvest dates were as follows: 10, 15, 22, and 29 Oct; 5, 12, 19, and 26 Nov; 3 Dec. Efficacy of sprays was evaluated weekly at harvest by sorting the harvested fruit from each tree into the following categories: (a) marketable fruit; (b) fruit fly stung fruit; and (c) unmarketable fruit with damage by other factors (minor insect pests, disease etc.). Fruits in each category were counted.

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Maharjan, Ranju, Rajendra Regmi i Kapil Poudel. "Monitoring and Varietal Screening Cucurbit Fruit Fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Cucumber in Bhaktapur and Kathmandu, Nepal". International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 3, nr 4 (30.12.2015): 714–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i4.13988.

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Monitoring of cucurbit fruit fly by using four different types of traps was conducted in Sipadole VDC of Bhaktapur district during 2012 to observe the population dynamics. Three different types of fruit flies were recorded, in which the number of B. cucurbitae dominated to other species. Only B. cucurbitae damaged the cucumber, which was trapped 92.68%, 87.05%, 90.61%, and 69.38% in cue-lure, banana pulp bait, sticky traps and fly catcher, respectively. The highest number of fruit flies (167.5 male fruit flies/3traps) was recorded in cue-lure trap during the first week of September, which coincided with 85.45% RH and 21.67°C and 25.04°C minimum and maximum temperature, respectively. Positive relation of temperature, relative humidity and fruit fly catches was observed. Thus, cue-lure was the most effective traps for monitoring of fruit fly population. In varietal screening, among the six different varieties of cucumber, i.e. Kathmandu local, Kusle, Kamini, Malini, Kasinda and Mahyco Green Long, they were highly significant difference in yield. Kamini gave the highest marketable fruit 26.66 mt/ha yield and the lowest by Kusle (5.05 mt/ha). All the varieties were affected by cucurbit fruit fly. The highest number of unmarketable fruit set was observed in Kamini (22.29 fruits/plant). Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(4): 714-720

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Yaran, Mehmet, Vedat Görmez i Mürşit Koyuncu. "A New Record of Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) From Turkey and Contributions to Fauna of Gaziantep Province". Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, nr 12 (25.12.2021): 2233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i12.2233-2237.4538.

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Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the most important Diptera families, some species damage fruits, and cause millions of dollars in every years. In this study, adult fruit fly materials were collected from Gaziantep province between 2010 and 2021 from possible host plants using insect net. Obtained materials were examined, and were determined that 15 species. All species recorded for the first time from Gaziantep province. In addition, Goniurellia tridens (Hendel, 1910) recorded as a new record from Turkey. With these contributions, Gaziantep fruit fly fauna increased to 44 species. In the article, examined materials, current list of Gaziantep fruit fly fauna and adult and wing figures of Goniurellia tridens (Hendel, 1910) were given.

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Miller, Greg. "Fruit Fly Fight Club". Science 315, nr 5809 (12.01.2007): 180–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.315.5809.180.

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Kowald, A., i T. Kirkwood. "Explaining fruit fly longevity". Science 260, nr 5114 (11.06.1993): 1664–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.8503014.

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Robine, J., i K. Ritchie. "Explaining fruit fly longevity". Science 260, nr 5114 (11.06.1993): 1665–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.8503015.

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Sidow, Arend, i Philippe Lacroute. "Fruit Fly Family Fun". Cell 131, nr 7 (grudzień 2007): 1222–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2007.12.003.

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Roy JK, Rahman MM, Ali MR i Hossain ME. "Morphometric Detection of Mango Fruit Fly Collected from Different Mango Growing Regions of Bangladesh". Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment 03, nr 02 (2022): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47440/jafe.2022.3205.

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Thakurgaon districts during the period from April to June 2020 for morphometric detection of mango fruit fly collected from different mango growing regions of Bangladesh. Five locations of each Dinajpur and Thakurgaon district were selected and surveyed for collection of mango fruit fly. The samples were used in detecting the morphometric similarities/dissimilarities at the Entomology Laboratory of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University. The locations for collection of the samples in Dinajpur district were Biral, Bochagonj, Kaharole, Fulbari and Khanshama and in Thakurgaon were Sadar, Pirganj, Ranisankail, Baliadangi and Haripur. Data were collected on wing, head, thorax and abdomen of fruit flies and further study was ensured. The fruit fly samples were collected using pheromone trap (methyl-eugenol) at mango orchards. Four different species were morphometrically identified using stereomicroscope. Oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis), melon fruit fly (Zeugodacus cucurbitae), pumpkin fruit fly (Zeugodacus tau), and peach fruit fly (Bactrocerazonata) were the four species of fruit flies that were identified. Total 85.41% of oriental fruit flies were found in pheromone trap which was the highest in number among the collected species. However, 2.44 % of peach fruit fly were identified which was the lowest number of fruit fly. Moreover, 8.81% and 3.34% percent of melon fruit fly and pumpkin fruit fly were collected from pheromone trap respectively. Therefore, number of oriental fruit flies were highest compared to others. The highest infestations were observed at Dinajpur district compared to Thakurgaon district in mango orchard. Dinajpur district’s oriental fruit fly was larger compared to Thakurgaon district’s oriental fruit flies

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Aluja, Martín. "Fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) research in Latin America: myths, realities and dreams". Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil 28, nr 4 (grudzień 1999): 565–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0301-80591999000400001.

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I offer a critical assessment of fruit fly research in Latin America based on the notion that many myths and misconceptions are forced upon students and young scientists or government officials. I argue that after an enlightening beginning of the century, during which many significant discoveries were made about the natural history of these insects, little progress has been observed in many areas of fruit fly research and management in Latin America during the past 50 years. This has been caused in part by the reductionist, single-species or pest-only approaches followed in the study of these marvelous insects, as well as by the scarcity of studies under natural conditions. To break this vicious cycle, I propose that we pay more attention to the natural history of non-pest and pest species, broaden the scope and widen the time scale of our studies, strengthen the theoretical and ecological underpinnings of fruit fly research in Latin America and foster the comparative approach whenever possible. I present several fruit fly myths (e.g., the status of certain fruits as fruit fly hosts and certain species as pests), review the status of knowledge in most areas of fruit fly research in Latin America, and discuss some possibilities for future studies. I conclude by proposing that on the threshold of the new millennium, the time seems appropriate to follow those early pioneers and once again push forward our understanding of fruit fly biology, ecology and behavior. To achieve this, we need to generate new paradigms and foster creative thinking among our students.

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Badii, K. B., M. K. Billah, K. Afreh-Nuamah i D. Obeng-Ofori. "Species composition and host range of fruit-infesting flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in northern Ghana". International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 35, nr 03 (10.07.2015): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758415000090.

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An important aspect of fruit fly management is accurate information on the species and their host spectrum. Studies were conducted between October 2011 and September 2013 to determine the host range and species diversity of pest fruit flies in the northern savannah ecology of Ghana. Fruit samples from 80 potential host plants (wild and cultivated) were collected and incubated for fly emergence; 65 (81.5%) of the plant species were positive to fruit flies. From records in Africa, 11 plant species were reported to be new hosts to the African invader fly,Bactrocera invadens(Drew, Tsuruta and White, 2005). This study documented the first records ofDacus ciliatus(Loew) andTrirhithrum nigerrimum(Bezzi) in northern Ghana although both species have been previously reported in other parts of the country. Infestation byB. invadenswas higher in the cultivated fruits;Ceratitis cosyradominated in most wild fruits. Cucurbitaceae were mainly infested by three species ofDacusandBactroceracucurbitae, a specialized cucurbit feeder. Among the commercial fruit species, the highest infestations were observed in mango, tomato, sweet pepper and watermelon, whereas marula plum, soursop, tropical almond, sycamore fig, African peach, shea nut, persimmon, icacina and albarillo dominated the wild host flora. The widespread availability of host plants and the incidence of diverse fly species in the ecology call for particular attention to their impact on commercial fruits and the development of sustainable management strategies against these economically important pests in Ghana.

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El-hajj, Abdel Kader, Nabil Nemer, Samer Hajj Chhadeh, Faten Dandashi, Hiyam Yosef, Mouhammed Nasrallah, Mayssaa Houssein, Vera Talj, Mahmoud Haris i Zinnet Moussa. "Status, Distribution and Parasitism Rate of Olive Fruit Fly (Bactrocera oleae.Rossi) Natural Enemies in Lebanon". Journal of Agricultural Studies 5, nr 4 (6.03.2018): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v6i1.12769.

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Olive tree is considered one of the most important cultivated crops in Lebanon. The cultivated area is mainly concentrated in the north and south Lebanon. Among the obstacles affecting olive cultivation is the olive fruit fly infestation which negatively alters the quality of olive oil. Olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae) is mainly controlled by chemical means. At the present time, no biological program against this pest is considered in Lebanon. The aim of this study is to investigate the status of olive fruit fly parasites in Lebanon. The study was conducted for one year in 28 orchards located in five regions of olive production. Fruit samples were collected weekly from June to October. A total of 23096 fruits was collected from all orchards. Eight parasites were detected. Eupelmus urozonous and Opius concolor were the most abundant parasites in most orchards, the others were restricted to specific locations. The only exception was observed at Abdeh site where most of the parasites were isolated. Parasitism rates ranged from 2.4 to 42.1 % and the average rate of all locations was 13.3%. The low parasitism rate recorded in this study is insufficient to control olive fruit fly. Introduction and rearing of natural enemies along with other management tactics may enhance the control of olive fruit fly infestation

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Salazar-Mendoza, Paolo, Ivan Peralta-Aragón, Ladislao Romero-Rivas, Jordano Salamanca i Cesar Rodriguez-Saona. "The abundance and diversity of fruit flies and their parasitoids change with elevation in guava orchards in a tropical Andean forest of Peru, independent of seasonality". PLOS ONE 16, nr 4 (26.04.2021): e0250731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250731.

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Lower elevations are generally thought to contain a greater abundance and diversity of insect communities and their natural enemies than higher elevations. It is less clear, however, how changes in seasons influence this pattern. We conducted a 2-year study (2013‒2014) in guava orchards located in a tropical Andean forest of Peru to investigate differences in fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and their parasitoid communities at two elevations and over two seasons. Fruit fly traps were installed, monitored, and guava fruits were sampled from eight orchards at low (800–950 m above sea level) and high (1,700–1,900 m above sea level) elevations and during the dry and rainy seasons. At each orchard, adult fruit fly trap captures and emergence of fruit flies and their parasitoids from guava fruit were quantified to determine their abundance and species composition. There was a greater abundance and species richness of fruit flies captured in traps at lower elevations, as well as higher abundance and species evenness of fruit flies that emerged from fruit, indicating that lower elevations are associated with larger fruit fly populations. The abundance, species richness and diversity of parasitoids were also greater at lower elevations. Consequently, guava fruit infestation and fruit fly parasitism rates were also greater at lower elevations. Seasonality also influenced fruit fly populations with a greater number of flies emerging from guava fruit and more fruit infested in the rainy season. However, seasonality had no effect on parasitoid population parameters or rate of parasitism, nor did it interact with elevation as an influence of populations of fruit flies or their parasitoids in guava orchards. This study highlights the importance of examining both elevation and seasonality for a better understanding of the population dynamics of fruit flies and their parasitoids in tropical agroecosystems.

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Sommer, Noel F., i F. Gordon Mitchell. "Gamma Irradiation—A Quarantine Treatment for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables?" HortScience 21, nr 3 (czerwiec 1986): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.21.3.356.

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Abstract The multibillion-dollar United States fresh fruit and vegetable industries are under threat because of actual or potential quarantines that may be imposed within hours or days if any one of many insect pests are introduced (40; P.V. Vail, personal communication). California, Florida, Texas, and Hawaii are particularly vulnerable because their climates are favorable for fruit fly species, and important shares of their produce enter into interstate and international trade. The 1980-82 California infestation by the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), was eradicated. The Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), is currently being fought in Florida and the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), poses a problem in Texas. In Hawaii, 3 fruit flies are endemic. They are the Oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis (Hend.), the melon fly, Dacus cucurhitae (Coq.), as well as the Mediterranean fruit fly. The Queensland fruit fly, Strumeta tryoni (Froggatt), is endemic in parts of Australia and threatens to become much more widely distributed.

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35

Rahman, MM, T. Sultana, MM Uddin i M. Shahjahan. "Impacts of temperature, relative humidity and total number of fruits on cucurbit fruit fly infestations under field condition". Progressive Agriculture 26, nr 1 (12.08.2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v26i1.24507.

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The research was carried out in the field laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University during April to July 2013 to correlate the temperature, relative humidity and number of fruits with the level of fruit infestations by cucurbit fruit fly, Bactrocerea cucubitae. Three cucurbitaceous vegetables namely bitter gourd (BARI Karola-1), ridge gourd (BARI Jhinga-1), and snake gourd (Local Chichinga) were taken as host crops. Percent fruit infestations were compared with the natural variation of temperature, relative humidity and number of fruits under field condition. Fruit infestations varied significantly with the variation of temperature, relative humidity and total number of fruits among three selected vegetables. Increasing of temperature had profound positive role in bitter gourd fruit infestation whereas negative relationship was found for ridge gourd infestation. However, statistically insignificant but positive effect of temperature was observed in snake gourd infestation. Fruit infestation of ridge gourd and snake gourd increased with the increase of relative humidity while negative relationship was observed in case of bitter gourd. Percent fruit infestations by cucurbit fruit fly were also found to be affected by total number of fruits. Positive but weak relationships were found between percent fruit infestations and total number of fruits of all three vegetables used in the experiments.Progressive Agriculture 26:1-5, 2015

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36

Lopes, Teresa, Vitor Ramos, Cristina Cameirão, José Pereira i Paula Baptista. "Fruit-Associated Endophytes from Olive Cultivars with Different Levels of Resistance to Fruit Fly and Their Relationship with Pest Infestation". Biology and Life Sciences Forum 4, nr 1 (3.12.2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecps2020-08880.

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Olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is the most important olive pest, with major economic importance in olive production worldwide. Different olive cultivars exhibit different propensities to fruit fly infestation and the causes are still unclear. Here, we want to disclose the potential role of olive-associated endophytes in conferring such susceptibility differences. Accordingly, the endophytic microbial composition of infested and non-infested fruits from cultivars Madural (susceptible to olive fly) and Cobrançosa (less susceptible) were studied. A culture-dependent approach was used, the isolates being identified by sequencing of their internal transcribed spacer (for fungi) and 16S rRNA gene regions (for bacteria). Overall, there was a larger consortium of bacteria associated with olives than fungi. The bacterial communities were predominantly composed of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria phyla, while the fungal isolates belonged to the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Both host cultivar and level of fly infestation had a negligible effect on fungal and bacterial community composition. Despite this, a clear positive association of microbial consortia with the resistant cultivar (Kocuria sp., Actinobacterium sp., Rhodococcus sp., Pseudomonas citronellolis, Aspergillus flavus, Cladosporium sp., and Meristemomycetes arctostaphylos) and non-infested fruits (Kocuria sp., Stereum sp., and Vishniacozyma victoria) was found. Their functional roles in host cultivar susceptibility/resistance to the fruit fly is a topic that requires further studies.

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Stamenkovic, Svetomir, Pantelija Peric i Drago Milosevic. "Rhagoletis cerasi Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae): Biological characteristics, harmfulness and control". Pesticidi i fitomedicina 27, nr 4 (2012): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif1204269s.

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The European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a highly destructive pest in sweet and sour cherry orchards with a distribution area throughout Europe and the temperate regions of Asia. It occurs regularly in all production regions of these fruit species in Serbia, damaging up to 10% of cherries in commercial production, while damage can go up to 100% in orchards and on solitary threes unprotected by control measures. In Serbia, European cherry fruit fly most often attacks and damages fruits of the lateripening cultivars of sweet cherry (Van, Stela, Hedelfinger, Bing, Lambert, Drogan?s Yellow). After a sweet cherry harvest, adults migrate to sour cherry where they continue feeding and ovipositing in half-mature sour cherries (prevailingly the domestic ecotype Oblacinska). During their activity period, larvae damage the fruits, so that they can no longer be consumed either fresh or processed. The high percentage of sour cherries damaged by R. cerasi has become a factor limiting exports because the intensity of infestation of this fruit exceeds permissible limits. Pesticide use for controlling this pest, especially in integrated production, is based on a very poor selection of insecticides which cause problems with residual ecotoxicity. Consequently, alternative measures for controlling European cherry fruit fly have been intensively studied over the past few years. This work surveys up-to-date results of various studies on the European cherry fruit fly as a very important pest in Serbia and other South and Mid-European countries. The work contains detailed descriptions of its biological characteristics, flight phenology, infestation intensity and possibilities of fly control in sweet and sour cherry production areas.

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Nahid, S., MR Amin, MM Haque i SJ Suh. "Seasonal Abundance and Infestation of Fruit Fly on Cucumber". SAARC Journal of Agriculture 18, nr 2 (4.01.2021): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v18i2.51123.

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Population dynamics and infestation of fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett (Diptera: Tephritidae) was monitored on cucumber, Cucumis sativus using methyl eugenol trap during summer and autumn in 2017 at Gazipur, Bangladesh. Relationship between the abundance of fruit fly and meteorological factors was also studied. The fruit fly showed significantly higher abundance in summer compared to autumn. The larval population per fruit was found higher in summer (24.9 fruit-1) than that in autumn (1.5 fruit-1). The daily mean temperature had significant positive, light intensity had insignificant positive, relative humidity had insignificant negative and rainfall had insignificant negative correlation with fruit fly abundance. The temperature, light intensity, relative humidity and rainfall individually contributed to fruit fly abundance of 14.1 %, 24.0 %, 0.8 % and 1.8 %, respectively. The combined effect of the weather parameters on fruit fly abundance was 40.7 % and the equations were insignificant. The fruit fly showed significantly lower level of infestation in methyl eugenol treated plots as compared to controls in both summer and autumn. SAARC J. Agri., 18(2): 233-241 (2020)

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39

Mazor, Michal, i Amnon Erez. "Processed kaolin protects fruits from Mediterranean fruit fly infestations". Crop Protection 23, nr 1 (styczeń 2004): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-2194(03)00169-8.

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40

Mwatawala, M. W., M. De Meyer, R. H. Makundi i A. P. Maerere. "Host range and distribution of fruit-infesting pestiferous fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) in selected areas of Central Tanzania". Bulletin of Entomological Research 99, nr 6 (27.03.2009): 629–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485309006695.

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AbstractThe host range of major fruit fly pests in Central Tanzania was evaluated from October 2004 to October 2006. Samples of 48 potential hosts were collected and incubated for fruit fly emergence. Bactrocera invadens was the dominant species in incidence expressed as the ratio of infested to total number samples collected, as well as infestation rate, expressed as number of flies emerging per unit weight. Eight new host fruits are reported. Infestation by native pests, such as Ceratitis capitata and C. cosyra, was minor compared to B. invadens. Ceratitis rosa was the dominant species in temperate fruits, and Cucurbitaceae were mainly infested by Bactrocera cucurbitae, a specialized cucurbit feeder. Among commercial fruits, high infestation incidences were observed in mango and guava, but they decreased throughout the fruiting season. Low infestation rates were observed in all Citrus species and in avocado, indicating these fruits as poor hosts for the studied fruit fly pests in this region. Widespread availability and abundance of fruit species studied here ensures year-round breeding of B. invadens. Seasonal infestation differs, with mango being the most important host in October to January, while guava being important from February to August. Tropical almond showed very high incidence and infestation rate for B. invadens and might act as an important reservoir host, bridging the fruiting seasons of mango and guava. Soursop acts as an important host for C. cosyra after the mango season. Ceratitis capitata is a pest of minor importance of the commercial fruits studied in this region.

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Follett, Peter A., Francis T. Zee, Randall T. Hamasaki, Kim Hummer i Stuart T. Nakamoto. "Susceptibility of Low-Chill Blueberry Cultivars to Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Oriental Fruit Fly, and Melon Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)". Journal of Economic Entomology 104, nr 2 (1.04.2011): 566–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ec10272.

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Jeszenszky, Arleen W. "Managing the Fruit Fly Experiment". American Biology Teacher 59, nr 5 (1.05.1997): 292–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4450311.

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Weiss, R. "Protein Determines Fruit Fly Physique". Science News 134, nr 5 (30.07.1988): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3972831.

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Sosnowski, Jennifer. "The Fruit Fly (Genotype: nevermore)". Annals of Improbable Research 13, nr 3 (1.05.2007): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3142/107951407781125589.

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Shulman, Joshua M., Lisa M. Shulman, William J. Weiner i Mel B. Feany. "From fruit fly to bedside". Current Opinion in Neurology 16, nr 4 (sierpień 2003): 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wco.0000084220.82329.60.

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Hoffman, M. "Fruit fly learning research mushrooms". Science 255, nr 5040 (3.01.1992): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1313185.

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Gavrilov, L., i N. Gavrilova. "Fruit fly aging and mortality". Science 260, nr 5114 (11.06.1993): 1565–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.8502999.

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Olshansky, S., B. Carnes i C. Cassel. "Fruit fly aging and mortality". Science 260, nr 5114 (11.06.1993): 1565–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.8503000.

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Nusbaum, T., J. Graves, L. Mueller i M. Rose. "Fruit fly aging and mortality". Science 260, nr 5114 (11.06.1993): 1567–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.8503001.

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Ueno, Taro, i Kazuhiko Kume. "Sleep research with fruit fly". Folia Pharmacologica Japonica 145, nr 3 (2015): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/fpj.145.134.

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