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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Frq"
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Tong, Sen-Miao, Ding-Yi Wang, Qing Cai, Sheng-Hua Ying i Ming-Guang Feng. "Opposite Nuclear Dynamics of Two FRH-Dominated Frequency Proteins Orchestrate Non-Rhythmic Conidiation in Beauveria bassiana". Cells 9, nr 3 (5.03.2020): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9030626.
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Non-rhythmic conidiation favors large-scale production of conidia serving as active ingredients of fungal insecticides, but its regulatory mechanism is unknown. Here, we report that two FREQUENCY (FRQ) proteins (Frq1/2) governed by a unique FRQ-interacting RNA helicase (FRH) orchestrate this valuable trait in Beauveria bassiana, an asexual insect-pathogenic fungus. Frq1 (964 aa) and Frq2 (583 aa) exhibited opposite expression dynamics (rhythms) in nucleus and steadily high expression levels in cytoplasm under light or in darkness no matter whether one of them was present or absent. Such opposite nuclear dynamics presented a total FRQ (pooled Frq1/2) level sufficient to persistently activate central developmental pathway in daytime and nighttime and supports continuous (non-rhythmic) conidiation for rapid maximization of conidial production in a fashion independent of photoperiod change. Importantly, both nuclear dynamics and cytoplasmic stability of Frq1 and Frq2 were abolished in the absence of the FRH-coding gene nonessential for the fungal viability, highlighting an indispensability of FRH for the behaviors of Frq1 and Frq2 in both nucleus and cytoplasm. These findings uncover a novel circadian system more complicated than the well-known Neurospora model that controls rhythmic conidiation, and provide a novel insight into molecular control of non-rhythmic conidiation in B. bassiana.
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Elliott, W. Brooke, Kirsten Fanning i Mark E. Peecher. "Do Investors Value Higher Financial Reporting Quality, and Can Expanded Audit Reports Unlock This Value?" Accounting Review 95, nr 2 (1.07.2019): 141–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-52508.
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ABSTRACT We present new theory and experimental findings indicating that investors ascribe value to firms that use higher financial reporting quality (FRQ), controlling for the influence of higher FRQ on their estimates of these firms' fundamental value. To guide our investigation, we draw on the cooperation literature in accounting, finance, and psychology. We identify expanded audit reports, particularly auditor commentary, as a mechanism that credibly communicates whether a firm uses higher FRQ. Auditor commentary increases investors' willingness to pay (WTP) more for shares of a firm using higher FRQ than a competing firm using lower FRQ. We also provide process evidence that investors perceive higher FRQ as cooperative behavior by measuring their affective responses and cognitive beliefs, which mediate the influence of audit commentary on investors' increased WTP for higher FRQ. A second experiment bolsters the link between investors' affective and cognitive responses to a firm's FRQ and perceived cooperative behavior.
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Loros, Jennifer J., Adam Richman i Jerry F. Feldman. "A RECESSIVE CIRCADIAN CLOCK MUTATION AT THE frq LOCUS OF NEUROSPORA CRASSA". Genetics 114, nr 4 (1.12.1986): 1095–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/114.4.1095.
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ABSTRACT A circadian clock mutant of Neurospora crassa, the most distinctive characteristic of which is the complete loss of temperature compensation of its period length, maps to the frq locus where seven other clock mutants have previously been mapped. This mutant, designated frq-9, is recessive to the wild-type allele and to each of the other frq mutants; thus, it differs from the other mutants, which show incomplete dominance to wild type and to each other. Complementation analysis suggests either that the frq locus is a single gene or that frq-9 is a deletion that overlaps adjacent genes. Preliminary efforts at fine structure mapping have indicated that recombination between certain pairs of frq mutations is less than 0.005%, a distance consistent with the locus being a single gene. The recessive nature of frq-9, coupled with complete loss of temperature compensation, suggests that this mutant may represent the null phenotype of the locus and that the frq gene is involved in the temperature compensation mechanism of the clock.—Genetic mapping studies have placed the frq locus on linkage group VIIR, midway between oli (oligomycin resistance) and for (formate auxotrophy), about 2 map units from each, and clearly indicate that frq and oli are separate genes.
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Phuong, Nguyen Thi Thanh, i Dang Ngoc Hung. "Board of Directors and Financial Reporting Quality in Vietnam Listed Companies". International Journal of Financial Research 11, nr 4 (7.07.2020): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v11n4p296.
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This article studies the impact of the Board of Directors (BOD) on financial reporting quality (FRQ) in Vietnam listed companies. The research uses FEM, REM and GLS regression models, data collected at energy enterprises listed on the stock market in Vietnam from 2010 - 2018, with 2162 observations. The research results have found that the BOD size, BOD independence, BOD chairperson cum CEO has a positive impact on FRQ while BOD meeting frequency has a negative impact on FRQ. In addition, the audit quality, the ratio of liabilities has a positive impact on FRQ while company size has a negative impact on FRQ. Further, the percentage of female BOD members does not have an impact on FRQ. Empirical research results serve as a useful basis for enterprises to improve FRQ by considering of factors of the board of director in a more effective manner.
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Brody, Stuart. "Circadian Rhythms in Fungi: Structure/Function/Evolution of Some Clock Components". Journal of Biological Rhythms 34, nr 4 (20.06.2019): 364–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730419852832.
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The fungal clock, especially that in Neurospora crassa, is composed of several proteins, notably FRQ, WC-1, and WC-2, which interact at the protein level and at the level of transcription. It is shown here that regions of the FRQ that are highly conserved in many fungal species show significant similarity to regions of proteins found in the amoebae Capsaspora and Acanthamoebae. These 2 amoebae were specifically explored because they have been suggested, based on extensive evidence, to be related to precursors of the modern fungi. Those proteins in Capsaspora/Acanthamoebae with some similarity to FRQ are LARP (an RNA-binding protein), ARNT (which has a PAS motif), and heat shock factor (HSF). These regions of LARP and HSF that show similarity to FRQ are highly conserved between plants, animals, and amoeba. This suggests that these regions were present at the time of the divergence of plants, fungi, insects, and animals, and therefore, they could be plausible precursors to regions of the fungal FRQ. These particular regions of FRQ that show similarity to LARP and HSF are also of functional significance since mutations in these regions of the Neurospora FRQ led to changes in the rhythm. The FRQ proteins from 13 different species of fungi were analyzed via motif analysis (MEME), and 11 different motifs were found. This provides some understanding as to the minimum requirements for an FRQ protein. Many of these FRQ motifs can be matched up with known domains in FRQ. In addition, these 13 different species of fungi were screened for the presence/absence of 7 additional genes/proteins that play some role in fungal clocks.
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Himanshu, Jatinder P. Singh i Ashwani Kumar. "Prioritizing and Establishing Cause and Effect Relationships Among Financial Reporting Quality Metrics". Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 24, nr 3 (12.06.2020): 330–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972262920925600.
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Despite the widespread use of financial reporting quality (FRQ) metrics, the literature provides little evidence regarding the prominence and causal relationships among them. The article provides empirical evidence on prioritizing FRQ metrics and examining the causal relationships among them. Through extensive literature review and expert inputs, 12 FRQ metrics were finalized and analysed using the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method. India, a developing country, was selected for empirical study. Empirical results indicate that opinion in auditors’ report is the most prominent metric to examine FRQ, followed by value relevance in the context of fair value accounting. A formal scientific categorization of the metrics into cause and effect groups has also been attempted. The causal relationships among FRQ metrics and their relative prominence would help in interpreting empirical studies, which employ these metrics. The study suggests that the stakeholders can focus on prominent FRQ metrics to examine FRQ of the reporting entity before taking their decisions.
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Mbawuni, Joseph. "Users’ Perception of Financial Reporting Quality in Ghana". Accounting and Finance Research 8, nr 3 (23.08.2019): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/afr.v8n3p187.
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This paper assesses the extent to which top and middle management perceive FRQ of companies in Ghana after the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Drawing from the literature, a five-dimension FRQ questionnaire was developed for the study. It was a cross-sectional survey that involved a sample of 500 respondents from top and middle level management across seven industries in Ghana. The findings indicate that, generally top and middle management perceive the qualitative characteristics of FRQ of the Ghanaian companies to be very good. However, Timeliness of FRQ in terms of publishing audited financial reports was the only poorly rated qualitative characteristic. Implications to accounting theory and practitioners are discussed. Moreover, there were differences in respondents’ perception of FRQ according to their work background characteristics. It was found that top and middle management who were professional accountants were more critical in their assessment and therefore rated their perceived FRQ significantly lower than those who were non-accounting professionals. This study contributes to filling the void in FRQ literature regarding accounting information users’ assessment of FRQ in IFRS-compliant countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Chen, Feng, Ole-Kristian Hope, Qingyuan Li i Xin Wang. "Financial Reporting Quality and Investment Efficiency of Private Firms in Emerging Markets". Accounting Review 86, nr 4 (1.04.2011): 1255–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-10040.
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ABSTRACT Prior research shows that financial reporting quality (FRQ) is positively related to investment efficiency for large U.S. publicly traded companies. We examine the role of FRQ in private firms from emerging markets, a setting in which extant research suggests that FRQ would be less conducive to the mitigation of investment inefficiencies. Earlier studies show that private firms have lower FRQ, presumably because of lower market demand for public information. Prior research also shows that FRQ is lower in countries with low investor protection, bank-oriented financial systems, and stronger conformity between tax and financial reporting rules. Using firm-level data from the World Bank, our empirical evidence suggests that FRQ positively affects investment efficiency. We further find that the relation between FRQ and investment efficiency is increasing in bank financing and decreasing in incentives to minimize earnings for tax purposes. Such a connection between tax-minimization incentives and the informational role of earnings has often been asserted in the literature. We provide explicit evidence in this regard.
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Kovács, Dora Csilla, Veronika Mészáros, Zsuzsanna Tanyi, Edit Jakubovits, Máté Smohai, Andrea Hübner, Wei Wang i Zsuzsanna Kövi. "Hungarian version of the Family Relationship Questionnaire (FRQ)". Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships 15, nr 1 (30.06.2021): 36–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.4609.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the validity of the Family Relationship Questionnaire (FRQ) in Hungary. The FRQ was filled out together with the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) by 1017 healthy Hungarian people. The original factor structure of the FRQ did not fit well in the Hungarian sample, but with some modifications – based on modification indices – adequate fit indices could arise. The FRQ scales showed significant relations (moderate to high) with the PBI which confirmed the convergent validity of the scales. Four of the FRQ scale turned to be cross-culturally valid scales. The reliability and validity of Dominance scale in Western cultures should further be examined.
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Mbawuni, Joseph. "Assessing Financial Reporting Quality of Listed Companies in Developing Countries: Evidence from Ghana". International Journal of Economics and Finance 11, nr 9 (13.08.2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v11n9p29.
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The adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in Ghana is expected to improve the quality of financial reporting among companies in Ghana. This paper assesses the extent to which financial reports of companies listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE) meet financial reporting quality (FRQ) dimensions of IFRS. It was a descriptive study that employed two experienced professional chartered accountants who practice as independent auditors to use FRQ criteria to assess financial reports of 20 purposively selected companies listed on GSE for 2012 and 2013. Given the high inter-rater reliability (r = .96, 95% C.I., p < .0001), the findings indicate that, overall, FRQ of the listed companies meet FRQ standards by 56.48%. Generally, the financial reports were 60.95% faithfully represented, 51.01% relevant, 50.10% understandable, 40.09% comparable and 19.75% timely audited (or 80.25% untimely). Fundamental FRQ characteristics were more prevalent than enhancing FRQ. Poorly rated FRQ areas were in the use of historical cost as measurement basis, no use of graphs and tables to clarify information, no inclusion of comprehensive glossary, ratios and index, no information on adjustment in past accounting figures for future decisions, and no comparison of current and previous accounting periods and with those of other firms. The study concludes that FRQ of the listed companies is moderate but needs considerable improvement. Implications to theory, practitioners, policy makers and industry regulators are discussed. This study fills the dearth of empirical research in FRQ in IFRS-compliance companies in Sub-Saharan Africa in general and Ghana in particular.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Frq"
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Edlund, Henrik. "Reasons behind presumed low financial reporting quality (FRQ) in China". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-60385.
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China and its economic development is today something that affects us all in one way or another. Through economic expansion Chinese companies starts to be an important player on the global scene. They are getting an international competitor, co-operating with foreign companies and it has the latest year been heavily invested in by foreign financiers. Conversely, according to recent research a vast majority of the experts claims that the Chinese companies’ financial reporting disclosure holds a low quality. That these financial reports include plentiful falsified information is disturbing the market and prevents shareholders a fair and free view of the companies, it also reduces the control possibilities. Voices have been raised demanding changes to ensure a higher FRQ in the future. But to find the right actions and point out needed changes, the first requirement is finding the roots behind the presumed low FRQ. Experts’ point at different directions, comprising of nine main underlying reasons that are primarily considered affecting the FRQ in negative matters. These nine explanations will be evaluated against each other in this thesis to find out where the main focus needs to be to prevent future falsified financial statements. The nine reasons where it is claimed that China are lacking are: - Legal system -Education -Pressure -Political impact -Ownership structure -Auditing -Low Business ethics -Tax avoidance -Cost reduction This thesis finds that the main underlying reasons behind Chinese firms’ falsified financial stamen are: (1) Pressure – that influences managers and is a great incentive for earnings management. (2) Political impact – the political impact seem to have a substantial negative influence on companies FRQ. (3) Ownership structure – low transparency and hierarchal business structures appears to be biggest problems within the corporate governance. (4) Low business ethics – a too corrupt and non-moral business structure threatens the integrity of the financial reports. (5) Tax avoidance – the unwillingness to pay taxes makes many companies reduce earnings or hide sales to avoid value added tax (VAT). (6) Cost reduction – The high endeavor to keep costs down might in many cases also bring effects on the quality of disclosed material.
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Sakkas, Symeon. "Prove di caratterizzazione meccanica del legame di adesione fra FRP ed acciaio". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/190/.
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Il progresso nella tecnica di recupero e di rinforzo nelle strutture metalliche con i polimeri fibro-rinforzati FRP (fibre reinforced polymers).
1.1 Introduzione nelle problematiche ricorrenti delle strutture metalliche.
Le strutture moderne di una certa importanza, come i grattacieli o i ponti, hanno tempi e costi di costruzione molto elevati ed è allora di importanza fondamentale la loro durabilità, cioè la lunga vita utile e i bassi costi di manutenzione; manutenzione intesa anche come modo di restare a livelli prestazionali predefiniti.
La definizione delle prestazioni comprende la capacità portante, la durabilità, la funzionalità e l’aspetto estetico. Se il livello prestazionale diventa troppo basso, diventa allora necessario intervenire per ripristinare le caratteristiche iniziali della struttura.
Strutture con una lunga vita utile, come per la maggior parte delle strutture civili ed edilizie, dovranno soddisfare esigenze nuove o modificate: i mezzi di trasporto ad esempio sono diventati più pesanti e più diffusi, la velocità dei veicoli al giorno d'oggi è aumentata e ciò comporta anche maggiori carichi di tipo dinamico.
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Campbell, Zachary Taylor. "STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF BACTERIAL BIOLUMINESCENCE IN VIVO AND IN VITRO". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195376.
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Despite the importance of molecular recognition in nearly all aspects of protein function, the determinants of specificity for enzyme-substrate and protein-protein interactions are poorly understood. The majority of these complexes involving bacterial luciferase from V. harveyi have yet to be fully characterized. Luciferase catalyzes the reaction of molecular oxygen, FMNH2 and a long-chain aliphatic aldehyde yielding FMN, the corresponding carboxylic acid and blue-green light. In vivo, luciferase is thought to obtain FMNH2 following transfer from a transiently associated oxidoreductase. To identify the oxidoreductase responsible for providing FMNH2 in E. coli, bioluminescence was compared using single gene deletion strains deficient in either a homolog to the endogenous V. harveyi oxidoreductase (Frp) or an oxidoreductase distantly related to luxG from V. fischeri (Fre). Fre is responsible for reducing flavin in vivo but does not physically interact with luciferase. The association between luciferase and the flavin product is also described. Luciferase was crystallized and subjected to soaking with high concentrations of FMN. A model was obtained for luciferase bound to FMN. Using molecular dynamics, models for the enzyme:aldehyde, enzyme:FMNH2, and luciferase bound to several reaction intermediates are presented. Finally, a conserved loop region adjacent to the active center was investigated for the ability to facilitate protein:protein interaction between luciferase and the endogenous Frp oxidoreductase. Following alanine mutagenesis of the charged residues throughout this loop, it appears that the residues targeted by this study are not components of a docking platform but facilitate a lid-gating mechanism of paramount importance for catalytic function.
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Albicini, Laura. "I materiali compositi avanzati (FRP, FRG) classificazione e applicazioni nel restauro e ricostruzione post-sisma". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12168/.
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Questo lavoro mira alla conoscenza e all’approfondimento tecnologico ed applicativo dei materiali compositi fibrorinforzati in ambito edilizio.
Dal punto di vista tecnologico con il termine compositi ci si riferisce a quella famiglia di materiali derivati dalla combinazione di due o più componenti di diversa natura allo scopo di ottenere un prodotto finale di prestazioni più elevate rispetto ai singoli materiali costituenti.
In considerazione dell’elevato numero dei materiali costituenti, delle loro possibili combinazioni e della continua evoluzione della ricerca, parte sostanziale dell’elaborato verte sulla sistematizzazione delle informazioni reperibili sul mercato, dallo studio alla loro produzione.
Il lavoro prende il via con una ricerca storica che tratteggia l’evoluzione dei materiali compositi e del loro utilizzo, dai primi impieghi ad oggi, con particolare riferimento all’ambito architettonico.
Il passo successivo è stato analizzare i possibili prodotti finali, destinati all’edilizia, seguendo una precisa logica di trattazione, che parte dalla descrizione dei singoli elementi che lo compongono, all’esposizione più articolata delle caratteristiche meccaniche del composito, con l’obiettivo di giungere ad una sua catalogazione.
Mi sono poi interessata alle caratteristiche meccaniche, ai meccanismi di crisi ed alle possibili metodologie applicative del materiale a disposizione del progettista il cui ambito si estende dal rinforzo strutturale, al delicato problema del restauro e della conservazione del patrimonio edilizio esistente e degli interventi post sisma.
Ho concluso il testo con la presentazione di un caso studio di un intervento di miglioramento sismico di un edificio in pietra e laterizi di pregio architettonico, con un sistema in FRG.
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Steyaert, Johanna M. "Studies on the regulation of conidiation in species of Trichoderma". Lincoln University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/544.
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A characteristic feature of species of Trichoderma is the production of concentric rings of conidia in response to alternating light-dark conditions. In response to a single burst of light, a single ring of conidia forms at what was the colony perimeter. On the basis of these observations, competency to photoconidiate has been proposed to be due to the age and metabolic rate of the hyphal cell. In this study, conidiation was investigated in five biocontrol isolates (T. hamatum, T. atroviride, T. asperellum, T. virens and T. harzianum) using both a morphological and molecular approach. All five isolates produced concentric conidial rings under alternating light-dark conditions on potato-dextrose agar (PDA), however, in response to a 15 min burst of blue light, only T. asperellum and T. virens produced a clearly, defined conidial ring which correlated with the colony margin at the time of light exposure. Both T. harzianum and T. hamatum photoconidiated in a disk-like fashion and T. atroviride produced a broken ring with a partially filled in appearance. On the basis of these results, it was postulated that competency to photoconidiate is a factor of the metabolic state of the hyphal cell rather than chronological age or metabolic rate. The influence of the source of nitrogen on photoconidiation was assessed on pH-buffered (pH 5.4) minimal medium (MM) amended with glutamine, urea or KNO₃. In the presence of glutamine or urea, T. asperellum and T. harzianum conidiated in a disk, whereas, when KNO₃ was the sole nitrogen source, a ring of conidia was produced. Further, in the presence of increasing amounts of glutamine, the clearly defined photoconidial ring produced on PDA by T. asperellum became disk-like. These results clearly demonstrated that primary nitrogen promotes photoconidiation in these isolates and strongly suggests that competency of a hyphal cell to conidiate in response to light is dependent on the nitrogen catabolite repression state of the cell. The experiments were repeated for all five isolates on unbuffered MM. Differences were apparent between the buffered and unbuffered experiments for T. atroviride. No photoconidiation was observed in T. atroviride on buffered medium whereas on unbuffered medium, rings of conidia were produced on both primary and secondary nitrogen. These results show that photoconidiation in T. atroviride is influenced by the buffering capacity of the medium. Conidiation in response to light by T. hamatum and T. virens was absent in all nitrogen experiments, regardless of the nitrogen source and buffering capacity, whereas both isolates conidiated in response to light on PDA. These results imply that either both sources of nitrogen are required for photoconidiation, or a factor essential for conidiation in these two isolates was absent in the minimal medium. Mycelial injury was also investigated in five biocontrol isolates of Trichoderma. On PDA, all isolates except T. hamatum conidiated in response to injury. On nitrogen amended MM, conidiation in response to injury was again observed in all isolates except for T. hamatum. In T. atroviride, injury-induced conidiation was observed on all medium combinations except the pH-buffered MM amended with glutamine or urea and T. virens conidiated in response to injury on primary nitrogen only, regardless of the buffering capacity. These results have revealed conidiation in response to injury to be differentially regulated between isolates/species of Trichoderma. On unbuffered MM amended with glutamine or urea, conidiation in response to injury occurred at the colony perimeter only in T. atroviride. It was hypothesised that the restriction of conidiation to the perimeter may be due to changes in the pH of the agar. The experiment was repeated and the pH values of the agar under the growing colony measured at the time of light induction (48 h) or injury (72 h). The areas under the hyphal fronts were acidified to below the starting value of the medium (pH 5.4) and the centres of the plates were alkalinised. The region of acidification at the time of stimuli correlated with the production of conidia, which implicates a role for crossregulation of conidiation by the ambient pH. The influence of the ambient pH on injury-induced conidiation was investigated in T. hamatum and T. atroviride on MM amended with glutamine and PDA, pH-buffered from pH 2.8 to 5.6. Thickening of the hyphae around the injury site was observed at the lowest pH values on MM in both T. atroviride and T. hamatum, however no conidia were produced, whereas both Trichoderma species conidiated on pH-buffered PDA in a strictly low pH-dependent fashion. This is the first observation of injury-induced conidiation in T. hamatum. The influence of the ambient pH on photoconidiation was assessed in T. hamatum, T. atroviride and T. harzianum using both buffered and unbuffered PDA from pH 2.8 to 5.2. On buffered PDA, no conidiation in response to light was observed above pH 3.2 in T. hamatum, above 4.0 in T. atroviride and above 4.4 in T. harzianum, whereas on unbuffered PDA it occurred at all pH values tested. It was postulated that conidiation at pH values above 4.4 on unbuffered PDA was due to acidification of the agar. The pH values of the agar under the growing colony were measured at the time of light exposure and in contrast to the MM with glutamine experiments, alkalisation of the agar had occurred in both T. atroviride and T. hamatum. No change in medium pH was recorded under the growing T. harzianum colony. These results indicate that low pH-dependence of photoconidiation is directly related to the buffering capacity of the medium. Recent studies have linked regulation of conidiation in T. harzianum to Pac1, the PacC orthologue. In fungi, PacC regulates gene expression in response to the ambient pH. In these studies pH-dependent photoconidiation occurred only on buffered PDA and on unbuffered PDA conidiation occurred at significantly higher ambient pH levels. It is proposed that the influence of ambient pH on conidiation in the isolates used in this study is not due to direct Pac1 regulation. The T. harzianum isolate used in this study produced profuse amounts of the yellow anthraquinone pachybasin. Production of this secondary metabolite was strictly pH-dependent, irrespective of the buffering capacity of the medium. Studies in T. harzianum have linked Pac1 regulation to production of an antifungal α-pyrone. pH-dependence on both buffered and unbuffered media strongly suggests that pachybasin production may also be under the control of Pac1. Photoconidiation studies on broth-soaked filter paper, revealed rhythmic conidiation in the pachybasin producing T. harzianum isolate. Diffuse rings of conidia were produced in dark-grown cultures and, in cultures exposed to light for 15 min at 48 h, the rings were clearly defined. These results show that conidiation is under the control of an endogenous rhythm in T. harzianum and represent the first report of circadian conidiation in a wild-type Trichoderma. A Free-Running Rhythm (FRR) assay was used to investigate rhythmic gene expression in T. atroviride IMI206040 and a mutant derivative, in which the wc-2 orthologue, blr-2, was disrupted. Over a 3 d period, expression of gpd, which encodes the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, oscillated with a period of about 48 h. In the Δblr-2 mutant, the gpd rhythm was absent. These results revealed that in T. atroviride, gpd expression is under the control of an endogenous clock and that clock-regulated expression of gpd is associated with a functional BLR complex. Using degenerate primers, a portion of frq, which encodes the N. crassa clock oscillator FREQUENCY, was isolated from T. atroviride and used to probe the FRR assay northern blots. No frq expression was detected at any time point, which suggests that the circadian clock in Trichoderma does not involve FREQUENCY. In a concurrent study, orthologues of rco-1 (rcoT) were isolated and sequenced from T. atroviride and T. hamatum using a combination of degenerate, inverse and specific PCR. RcoT is an orthologue of the yeast global co-repressor Tup1 and in the filamentous fungi, RcoT orthologues have been demonstrated to negatively regulate conidiation. Genomic analysis of all available rcoT orthologues revealed the conservation of erg3, a major ergosterol biosynthesis gene, upstream from rcoT in ascomycetous filamentous fungi, but not in the ascomycetous yeast or in the basidiomycetes. These studies have significantly contributed to our understanding of the regulatory factors controlling conidiation in Trichoderma and have multiple implications for Trichoderma biocontrol; most notable the promotion of conidiation by primary nitrogen and low pH. Incubation conditions can be altered to suit the nitrogen and pH preferences of a biocontrol strain in order to promote cost effective conidial production, however this is not easily achieved in the soil, where the biocontrol strain must perform in a highly buffered environment optimised for plant growth. Successful use of Trichoderma biocontrol strains may involve the screening and targeting of strains to the appropriate pH conditions or the selection of new strains on the basis of capacity to perform under a given range of conditions.
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Thai, Thelin Jenny, i Vadman Ebba Florin. "Harmonisering av redovisningen för SME : Är regelverken princip eller regelbaserade?" Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-10407.
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En önskan om en enad internationell uppsättning av redovisningsstandarder har uppkommit på senare tid på grund av globaliseringen. FASB har i ett försök att närma sig IASB regelverk implementerat mer principer i US GAAP medan IASB har implementerat fler regler i IFRS. Trenden pekar mot harmoniseringen för att lyckas med en enad internationell uppsättning redovisningsstandarder. Globaliseringen påverkar inte enbart börsnoterade företag utan även små och medelstora företag (SME). Arbetet för harmonisering av små och medelstora företags (SME) regelverk har dock inte berörts i lika stor grad. Studiens syfte är att undersöka till vilken grad regelverken IFRS for SME, FRS 102 och FRF for SME är princip- eller regelbaserade gentemot varandra samt att utreda till vilken grad dessa är harmoniserade med varandra.För att uppfylla syftet har en kvalitativ studie utförs med hjälp av en innehållsanalys. Kvalitativ data används i uppbyggnad av den teoretiska referensramen med skriftliga källor i form av vetenskapliga artiklar. Empirin består av delar ur lagtexter av regelverken IFRS for SME, FRS 102 och FRF for SME som analyseras med utgångspunkt i den teoretiska referensramen.Det vi kom fram till var att IFRS for SME och FRS 102 är principbaserade regelverk medan FRF for SME är ett regelbaserat regelverk. När de sedan ställdes emot varandra betraktas FRS 102 precis som IFRS for SME som ett principbaserat regelverk men till en större grad. IFRS for SME och FRS 102 bedöms således som harmoniserade. FRF for SME anser vi å andra sidan vara ett regelbaserat regelverk och när det ställs emot IFRS for SME och FRS 102 anses det därmed svagt regelbaserade. Vi kan följaktligen inte betrakta FRS for SME som harmoniserade med varken IFRS for SME eller FRS 102.Vår studie bidrar därmed till litteratur om harmoniseringen av SME företag samt till IFRS for SME, FRS 102 och FRF for SME är huvudsakligen princip- eller regelbaserad. Dessutom görs en reflektion över om den enda aspekten med redovisningen är jämförbarhet då är det optimala läget för harmonisering när regelverken är stark regelbaserade.AbstractA desire for a united international set of accounting standards has arisen in recent times due to globalization. FASB has in an attempt to approach the IASB regulations implemented more principles in US GAAP, while the IASB has implemented more rules in IFRS. The trend is pointing towards harmonization to succeed in the desire for an united international set of accounting standards. Globalisation does not only affect listed companies but also small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Harmonisation of these small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) framework have not been written about to the same degree as the listed companies. The study aims to examine to which extent regulations IFRS for SME, FRS 102 and FRF for SME's are principle or rule-based to one another. The second purpose of the study is to investigate the degree to which these are harmonized with each other.A qualitative study with a content analyse have been conducted to fulfill the purpose of the study. Qualitative data is used in the construction of the theoretical framework in form of written sources such as scientific articles. The empirical data is also of qualitative character and consists of parts of the legal texts of the regulations IFRS for SME, FRS 102 and FRF for SMEs. The empirical data is analyzed on the basis of the theoretical framework.The conclusion was that IFRS for SME and FRS 102 are principle-based frameworks while FRF for SMEs is a rules-based framework. When they were facing each other FRS 102 was considered as a principle-based regulations but to a greater degree then IFRS for SME. IFRS for SME and FRS 102 is consequently considered harmonized. FRF for SMEs on the other hand is a rules-based framework and when it is set against the IFRS for SME and FRS 102 it is considered weak rule-based. We cannot therefore regard FRS for SMEs harmonized with either IFRS for SMEs or FRS 102.Our study contributes to the literature on the harmonization of SME companies, and whether the IFRS for SME, FRS 102 and FRF for SMEs are mainly principle- or rulebased. In addition, a reflection on if the only aspect of the financial report is comparability then optimal framework for harmonization are one that is strong rulebased.
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Li, Shiqing. "FRP rupture strains in FRP wrapped columns". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6246.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Applying lateral confinement to concrete columns using fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites is a very promising technique. FRP rupture is the typical failure mode of FRP wrapped columns under axial compression. numerous experiments have shown that the FRP rupture strain in an FRP wrapped circular column is significantly lower than the FRP ultimate rupture strain determined from flat coupon test of FRP. Despite a large number of studies on the application of FRP confined columns, the mechanisms and level of lower-than-apparent FRP rupture strain still remain unclear. This thesis presents theoretical, Numerical and experimental studies aiming at developing a deeper understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of this phenomenon. A comprehensive literature review was presented providing the background on FRP confined columns, material properties of FRP composites as well as some factors which may lead to premature FRP rupture. A FE analysis was conducted to investigate the FRP hoop strains in the split-disk test, explaining for the first time that the fundamental mechanism of the lower FRP rupture strain in the split-disk test than in the flat coupon test is because strain localisation due to geometric discontinuities at the ends of the FRP and bending of the FRP ring at the gap due to change of curvature caused by the relative moment of the two half disks, as the FRP (as a brittle material) ruptures once the maximum strain at one of these locations reaches the FRP rupture strain. A list of contributory factors affecting the apparent FRP rupture strain in FRP wrapped columns were next identified and classified. An analytical solution was developed to investigate the influence of the triaxial stress state on the FRP strain efficiency, this factor has been shown to have a potentially significant effect on the failure of the FRP wrap but considerable discrepancies exist between predictions using different failure criteria so further research has been identified in this area. FE models were developed to examine the effect of the geometrical discontinuities on the strain efficiency of FRP jackets in FRP wrapped concrete-filled circular steel tubes and FRP wrapped concrete columns. It is demonstrated that severe FRP hoop strain concentrations occur in very small zones near the ends of the FRP wrap in both types of FRP wrapped columns, leading to premature FRP rupture and thus lower strain efficiency. The combined effects of end constraint and FRP overlap on the behaviour of FRP wrapped concrete columns was investigated using a three dimensional FE model considering one half of the length of an FRP-wrapped concrete cylinder. The results have shown that the frication between both ends of a column and the loading platens provides constraints to the ends of the column, but this constraint has little effect on the strain concentration caused by the geometrical discontinuities of the FRP overlap, though the ultimate axial strain of the FRP wrapped columns can be significantly overestimated if the end constraints are not considered.
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Öberg, Nathalie, i Mikaela Ljungviken. "Komponentansatsen : i nationell och internationell redovisning". Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17874.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Samhället står ständigt inför utveckling, en effekt av det är att redovisningen går mot att bli mer global. Som följd av att internationell redovisning står inför utveckling har en vilja att förändra redovisningen nationellt utvecklats. Ett resultat av utveckling och modernisering av svensk redovisning är införandet av fyra nya regelverk, däribland K3-regelverk som blir gällande år 2014. En förändring som införandet av K3-regelverket medför är krav på komponentansatsen för materiella anläggningstillgångar. Komponentansatsen innebär att en materiell anläggningstillgång ska delas upp i betydande komponenter för att sedan skriva av komponenterna med separata nyttjandeperioder. Införandet av komponentansatsen i svensk redovisning har varit ett omdiskuterat ämne. Flertalet problem med införandet har lyfts fram i tidigare forskning. Som följd av komponentansatsens införande syftar vår studie till att undersöka ansatsen nationellt och internationellt.Studiens första syfte är att undersöka vilka möjligheter och begränsningar fem erfarna revisorer ser vid införandet av komponentansatsen i K3-regelverket samt om de tillfrågade revisorerna anser att komponentansatsen kommer att medföra problem. Vidare har en komparativ studie genomförts som undersökt hur komponentansatsen behandlas internationellt, vilket besvarar studiens andra syfte. Den internationella jämförelsen innefattar följande standarder: IFRS, IFRS for SMEs, FRS 102, FRF for SMEs samt standarder som ger uttryck för US GAAP.Genom studien kan det konstateras att de tillfrågade revisorerna ser både möjligheter och begränsningar med komponentansatsen. Överlag har de en positiv attityd till komponentansatsen. Det kommer som följd av att de tillfrågade revisorerna anser att komponentansatsen kommer att bidra till en mer rättvisande bild av ett företags ekonomiska ställning, i jämförelse med tidigare normgivning. Komponentansatsen bidrar till ett mer verklighetstroget avskrivningsförfarande vilket är grunden till att ansatsen medför en mer rättvisande bild enligt respondenterna. De tillfrågade revisorerna anger även vissa begränsningar vid införandet av komponentansatsen. De framhåller att det främst är inledningsfasen som kommer medföra problem med anledning av att K3-regelverket är ett principbaserat regelverk. Problemen som respondenterna anger uppstår som följd av att tillämpningen av komponentansatsen bygger på egna bedömningar och tolkningar. Vidare kan det, genom den komparativa studien, konstateras att det finns stora likheter i hur komponentansatsen behandlas internationellt. De undersökta standarderna är i många avseenden lika. Alla de undersökta standarderna tillåter att komponentansatsen tillämpas för materiella anläggningstillgångar, det är endast ASC 360 som inte ställer det som ett krav. Vidare uttrycker samtliga standarder att företag ska särredovisa komponenter om de har ett betydande värde, medan utformningen skiljer sig beträffande användandet av ordet väsentlig.Program: Civilekonomprogrammet
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Hu, Shenghua, i 胡盛华. "FRP-strengthened RC slabs anchored with FRP anchors". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47849800.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Existing reinforced concrete (RC) structure can be strengthened upon the addition
of externally bonded high-strength light-weight fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP)
composites. An abundance of research over the last two decades has established
the effectiveness of the externally bonded FRP via extensive experimental testing.
Perhaps the most commonly occurring failure mode though is premature
debonding of the FRP and debonding generally occurs at strains well below the
strain capacity of the FRP. Debonding failures are undesirable as they are
typically brittle and represent an under-utilisation of the FRP material. A
straightforward means to prevent or at least delay debonding is by the addition of
mechanical anchors, however, research to date on anchors is extremely limited. Of
the various anchor concepts examined to date by researchers, this dissertation will
focus on anchors made from FRP which are herein referred to as FRP anchors.
The details and results of a program of research on the performance of FRP
anchors in FRP-strengthened structures are presented in this dissertation. An
extensive review of exiting literature helps establish knowledge gaps which serve
to justify the need and the scope of the research reported herein. A novel bow-tie
FRP anchor concept is then proposed and tested in smaller-scale single-shear
FRP-to-concrete joint assemblages as well as larger-scale simply-supported FRP-strengthened
RC slabs. The anchors are shown to increase the strength and slip
capacity of the joints by up to 41 % and almost 600 %, respectively, in
comparison with unanchored control joints. The anchors are then shown to
increase the load and deflection capacity of slabs by 30 % and 110 %, respectively,
above an unanchored control slab. In addition to strength, it is the ability of FRP
anchors to introduce deformability into FRP-strengthened RC slabs which is
particularly beneficial in order to produce safer structures.
An analytical model is then developed which is based on a novel quad-linear
moment-curvature response which can capture the complete load-deflection
response of the FRP-strengthened slabs anchored with FRP anchors. The
analytical modeling approach enables closed-form equations to be derived which
can then be used by design engineers to relatively easily construct load-deflections
responses and accurately predict member responses. Following the
concluding comments for the project as a whole, future research topics of
relevance are identified.published_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Lorentzon, Frank. "Fri vilja? /". Göteborg, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/61.
Pełny tekst źródłaKsiążki na temat "Frq"
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Brøgger, Suzanne. Smuler fra kærlighedens bord: Samlet og kommenteret af Fru Z. [København]: Gyldendal, 2004.
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Cour, Flemming La. Fra "Fy og Bi" til "Far til fire": Fru Alice O'Fredericks. [Denmark]: Lindhardt og Ringhof, 1997.
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Bergesen, Helge Ole. En vei til fred: Hvis vi kan fri oss fra frykten. Oslo: Aschehoug, 1987.
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Frognes, Ingegerd Nome. Fru Barbra til Andøen: Og andre beretninger fra det gamle Kristiansand. [Jar: I.N. Frognes], 2005.
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Mchangama, Jacob. Fri os fra friheden: En dansk historie om frihed i forfald. København]: Gyldendal, 2012.
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FAQ. Boise, Idaho: Ahsahta Press, 2009.
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Layseca, María Irene Soto. Los secretos del fra-fra. Santiago de Chile: Mosquito Editores, 1991.
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Layseca, María Irene Soto. Los secretos del Fra-Fra. Santiago de Chile: Mosquito Editores, 1991.
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Hörmann, Karl. Surgery for sleep-disordered breathing. New York: Springer, 2005.
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Ranney, Thomas A. Susceptibility of ABS, FEP, FRE, FRP, PTFE, and PVC well casings to degradation by chemicals. [Hanover, N.H.]: US Army Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory, 1995.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Frq"
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Dunlap, Jay C., Jennifer J. Loros, Benjamin D. Aronson, Martha Merrow, Susan Crosthwaite, Deborah Bell-Pedersen, Keith Johnson, Kristin Lindgren i Norman Y. Garceau. "The Genetic Basis of the Circadian Clock: Identification of frq and FRQ as Clock Components in Neurospora". W Novartis Foundation Symposia, 3–25. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470514597.ch2.
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Gooch, Jan W. "FRP". W Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 328. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_5332.
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Gooch, Jan W. "FMQ". W Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 320. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_5192.
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Spandau, Ulrich, i Heinrich Heimann. "FAQ". W Practical Handbook for Small-Gauge Vitrectomy, 361–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89677-9_25.
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Passarelli, Vincenzo. "FAQ". W La donazione in Italia, 127–30. Milano: Springer Milan, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1932-4_18.
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Paoletti, Paoletto. "FAQ". W La donazione in Italia, 45–53. Milano: Springer Milan, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1932-4_5.
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Sarcar, Vaskaran. "FAQ". W Design Patterns in C#, 609–13. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6062-3_30.
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Sarcar, Vaskaran. "FAQ". W Design Patterns in C#, 433–37. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-3640-6_30.
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Sarcar, Vaskaran. "FAQ". W Java Design Patterns, 163–67. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-1802-0_25.
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Coombs, J., i Y. R. Alston. "Germany (Frg)". W The International Biotechnology Directory 1989, 60–61. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10289-1_13.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Frq"
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Abu-Dbaa, Reem, Haneen Othman, Menatallah Zewein i Vijay Ganji. "Validation of FFQ against Food Records for Vitamin D in Qatar Population". W Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0206.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background: Measurement of Vitamin D nutritional status through dietary assessment is a cost effective method. The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is usually validated against food records (FR). There is no Vitamin D specific FFQ for Qatar population Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a Vitamin D centric FFQ and validate FFQ against 3-day FR for Qatar population. Methodology: A quantitative FFQ based on Vitamin D containing foods consumed in Qatar was developed. Vitamin D content of foods were gathered from food labels and food composition tables from the USDA. A Vitamin D content database was developed for this study purpose. Dietary intakes using FFQ and 3-day FR were collected from 62 participants. Vitamin D intakes from FFQ and 3-day FR were validated with quartile comparison and Bland-Altman (BA) tests. Results: BA plot showed an agreement between FFQ and 3-day FR Vitamin D intakes. BA index was 3.23%, which is <5%, a commonly used standard for validation. Quartile correlation showed ≈73% of the subjects were within 1 quartile difference. Conclusion: In conclusion, an agreement was found between Vitamin D intakes from FFQ and 3-day FR. This indicates that the FFQ can be used as a valid dietary method to assess Vitamin D status in Qatar’s population
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Ahmed, M., K. Lenard, I. Hassan i N. Esmail. "Modeling of the Onset of Gas Entrainment From a Stratified Two-Phase Region Through Two Side Branches". W ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45016.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
A theoretical analysis for the onset of gas pull-through (entrainment) during discharge from a stratified two-phase region through two vertically aligned side branches has been developed in this paper. Initially, a simplified point-sink model was developed; this was followed by the acquisition of a more accurate finite branch model. The predicted value of the critical height at the onset of gas entrainment was found to be a function of each branches’ corresponding Froude number (Fr1 and Fr2), as well as the ratio between the vertical distance connecting the centerlines of the two branches and the diameter of the branches (L/d). The predicted values of the critical heights were found to be consistent with the corresponding experimental data at different values of Fr1, Fr2 and L/d. From the basis of the present models, it was established that when increasing the flow through the lower branch, the critical height increased for all values of Fr1 and L/d. In addition, it was found that increasing the vertical distance between the two branches, reduced the effects of the lower branch on the determination of the critical height.
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Dilli, Ravilla. "Analysis of 5G Wireless Systems in FR1 and FR2 Frequency Bands". W 2020 2nd International Conference on Innovative Mechanisms for Industry Applications (ICIMIA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icimia48430.2020.9074973.
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Ayazi, Philip, Gabriel Monreal, Hassan Bleibel, Frank Zamora i Larry Watters. "Stability of Chemically Degraded Friction Reducers and Their Relationship to Regain Conductivity". W SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206308-ms.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Previously, it was shown that zeta potential could be used as a metric to determine friction reducer (FR) performance. Specifically, the extent of and how quickly the FR reaches peak friction reduction in source water. A correlation postulated from the previous work is zeta potentials relationship to an FR's stability during mechanical or chemical degradation. In other words, can zeta potential be used as a metric to determine the extent of polymer breaking and can this relationship be translated to regained conductivity? This paper describes a laboratory study of zeta potential measurements to track breaker reaction rates, stability of broken polymer dispersions, and the relationship between chemical degradation of FRs and regained conductivity. The approach of this investigation involves measuring zeta potential of frac fluids formulated using anionic and cationic FRs with varying types and concentrations of breakers at different temperatures and times. These metrics are then correlated with regain conductivity. A quantitative relationship exists between zeta potential, fluid rheology, and regain conductivity. Zeta potential evaluation of degraded FR's in frac fluids correlate to performance in regain conductivity testing. These measurements can expedite the selection of chemical breakers with respect to performance. Zeta potential measurements of degraded FR are indicative of broken FR dispersion stability which has impact on regain conductivity. Tracking behavior of cationic FR's using zeta potential reveals the materials can become anionic with time and temperature and become susceptible to agglomeration with iron. Zeta potential measurements can be used during a chemical breaker selection process as a viable supplement to industry standard tests for assessing the comparative effectiveness of chemical breakers in frac fluids.
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Kasahara, Naoto, Masanori Ando, Masaki Morishita, Hiroshi Shibamoto, Yoshihiko Tanaka i Kazuhiko Inoue. "Research and Development Issues for Fast Reactor Structural Design Standard (FDS)". W ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2255.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
For the realization of safe and economical fast reactor (FR) plants, the Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute (JNC) and Japan Atomic Power Company (JAPC) are cooperating on a research project titled “Feasibility Study on Commercialized FR Cycle Systems.” To certify the design concepts and validate their structural integrity, the research and development of the “Fast Reactor Structural Design Standard (FDS)” is recognized as being an essential theme. FDS considers the general characteristics of FRs and the design requirements for their rationalization. Three main problem areas related to research and development issues were identified by FDS. The first is “refinement of failure criteria,” which takes characteristic design conditions into account. The next is the development of “guidelines for inelastic design analysis” in order to predict the elastic plastic and creep behaviors of high-temperature components. Finally, efforts are being made toward preparing “guidelines for thermal load modeling” for FR component design where thermal loads are dominant. Their research plans and current status are explained.
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Foster, David A. "FRA". W the 1994 ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/326619.326945.
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Abo Khamis, Mahmoud, Hung Q. Ngo i Atri Rudra. "FAQ". W SIGMOD/PODS'16: International Conference on Management of Data. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2902251.2902280.
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Lee, Yangsup, Sanghyuk Jung i Yong Ho Song. "FRA". W the 7th IEEE/ACM international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1629435.1629459.
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"FAQ". W 2008 International Conference on Radar. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar.2008.4653874.
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Matam, Rakesh, i Somanath Tripathy. "FRI-attack". W the 1st International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2185216.2185307.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaporty organizacyjne na temat "Frq"
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Rej, D. J., W. N. Hugrass, G. A. Barnes i R. E. Siemon. FRC formation experiments with tearing reconnection on the FRX-C/LSM device. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), wrzesień 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7153110.
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Artana, Daniel, Cynthia Moskovits, Jorge Puig i Ivana Templado. Fiscal Rules and the Behavior of Public Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean: Towards Growth-Friendly Fiscal Policy?: The case of Argentina. Inter-American Development Bank, luty 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003057.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This paper analyzes the implementation of Fiscal Rules (FR) in Argentina. Several clear attempts to establish a FR at the national level are identified. The analysis suggests that the environment matters. The only FR that was binding in the period was approved in 2004 during an economic boom, with the country under a program with the IMF and with high political support. During the world financial crisis the expenditure ceilings were relaxed, however, and current primary expenditures soared. Simulations show that a countercyclical fund could have been implemented even after reducing highly distorting taxes at the federal and provincial levels, and at the same time securing a high level of capital expenditure as a share of GDP, had Argentina complied with the 2004 FR. Moreover, an econometric exploration of the link between flexible FRs and public investment finds that a flexible FR helps to mitigate the negative effects of fiscal consolidations on provincial public investment. Based on the previous analysis, guidelines for a proposal for a FR in Argentina are provided.
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Daniels, A. E., J. F. Morrison, L. A. Joyce, N. L. Crookston, S. C. Chen i S. G. McNulty. Climate projections FAQ. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-277.
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Woodbeck, Dean. InCommon Steward Program FAQ. Internet2, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.26869/ti.125.1.
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Marsh, Anne S. FAQ: Microbiology of Built Environments. American Society for Microbiology, wrzesień 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aamcol.sept.2015.
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Hilsen, Anne Inga, i Asbjørn Grimsmo. Underveisrapport fra prosjektet Gravide i handelsnæringen. Oslo: Arbeidsforskningsinstuttet, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/afi/fou/2011/4.
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Duthinh, Dat, i Kunwar Bajpai. Strength of an interlocking FRP connection. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6829.
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Krall, N. A. A program of FRC theory research. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maj 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5147898.
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YANOCHKO, R. M. Fuel Retrieval System (FRS) Design Verification. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), styczeń 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/801159.
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Prodell, A. Construction of Helical Magnets fro RHIC. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), kwiecień 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1661621.
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