Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Friendship”
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Phillips-Garrett, Carissa. "Completeness, Self-Sufficiency, and Intimacy in Seneca’s Account of Friendship". Ancient Philosophy Today 3, nr 2 (październik 2021): 200–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anph.2021.0052.
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Examining Seneca’s account of friendship produces an interpretative puzzle: if the good of the Stoic sage is already both complete and self-sufficient, how can friendship be a good? I reject the solution that friendship is simply a preferred indifferent instead of a good and argue that though Seneca’s account can consistently explain both why friendship’s nature as a good does not threaten the completeness or the self-sufficiency of the sage, Stoic friends must choose between intimate friendships that leave them vulnerable or impersonal friendships that lack intimacy but do not undermine their happiness. The consistent Stoic must choose the latter, but I argue that this conflict shows why we ought to reject the Stoic model of friendship.
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Grayson, Kent. "Friendship versus Business in Marketing Relationships". Journal of Marketing 71, nr 4 (październik 2007): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.71.4.121.
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Although combining friendship and business in the same relationship can be beneficial, it can also create conflict. A source of this conflict is incompatible relational expectations. True friends are expected to be unmotivated by benefits that can be used beyond the relationship (e.g., money, status), whereas business partners are, by definition, at least partly motivated by these more “instrumental” concerns. Using a role theory framework and data collected from a survey of 685 direct-selling agents, this article reports evidence that a conflict between friendship and instrumentality can undermine some of the business outcomes that friendship might otherwise foster. It also suggests that this conflict is more severe for friendships that become business relationships than for business relationships that become friendships. Study conclusions do not suggest that friendship is entirely “bad” for business and, instead, propose that friendship's influence can be both positive and negative.
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Worley, Timothy R., i Jennifer Samp. "Friendship Characteristics, Threat Appraisals, and Varieties of Jealousy About Romantic Partners’ Friendships". Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships 8, nr 2 (19.12.2014): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.v8i2.169.
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This study examined the role of friendship sex composition, friendship history, and threat appraisals in the experience of jealousy about a romantic partner’s involvement in extradyadic friendships. Using a survey, 201 individuals responded to scenarios describing a romantic partner’s involvement in a significant friendship outside the romantic dyad. A partner’s involvement in a cross-sex friendship was associated with greater perceptions of threat to both the existence and quality of the romantic relationship than was a partner’s involvement in a same-sex friendship. Further, the specific forms of jealousy experienced about partners’ friendships were dependent on the threat appraisals individuals associated with the friendships. Appraisals of relational existence threat mediated the influence of friendship characteristics (i.e., sex composition and history) on sexual jealousy and companionship jealousy, while appraisals of relational quality threat mediated the influence of friendship characteristics on intimacy jealousy, power jealousy, and companionship jealousy. This study points toward the central role of threat appraisals in mediating associations between rival characteristics and various forms of jealousy about a partner’s friendships.
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Spender, Katherine, Yu-Wei Ryan Chen, Sarah Wilkes-Gillan, Lauren Parsons, Alycia Cantrill, Megan Simon, Abbygale Garcia i Reinie Cordier. "The friendships of children and youth with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review". PLOS ONE 18, nr 8 (7.08.2023): e0289539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289539.
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Background Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience substantial difficulty maintaining meaningful friendships, which has implications for social functioning and mental health. No systematic review has investigated their friendship difficulties. Objectives To systematically review and methodologically appraise the quality of existing studies reporting on friendships of children with ADHD. To compare their friendships to typically-developing children, and examine associations between friendship and children’s social-emotional wellbeing and mental health. Method Six databases were searched. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the QualSyst appraisal tool and the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies. Aspects of friendships measured were charted, along with comparisons between children with ADHD and typically-developing children and the associations between friendships and social-emotional wellbeing and mental health. Results Twenty-three cross-sectional studies and one longitudinal follow-up study were included. Studies included 1509 participants with ADHD, with 1197 typically-developing participants used as a companion in 19 of the 24 studies. Friendship quantity was the most investigated aspect of friendship. Children and youth with ADHD had significantly fewer friends, lower quality friendships and poorer friendship interactions. There were mixed findings from studies investigating the role or impact of friendship on social-emotional wellbeing and mental health. Twenty-two had strong methodological quality. Conclusion Limited longitudinal studies, small sample sizes and variability in measurement restrict the interpretations of friendship over time and the causal impact of friendship on social and emotional outcomes. Further research should investigate the role and impact of friendships on the social-emotional wellbeing of children and youth with ADHD.
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French, Doran C., Sri Pidada i Andrea Victor. "Friendships of Indonesian and United States youth". International Journal of Behavioral Development 29, nr 4 (lipiec 2005): 304–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01650250544000080.
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Issues in the study of friendship across cultures were explored by reviewing a set of studies focusing on the friendships of Indonesian and United States youth. Four topics are considered: similarity of friendships across cultures, dimensions of friendships that vary across cultures, the utility of the individualism/collectivism dimension for explaining cultural differences in friendship, and methodological issues in the study of culture and friendship. Two studies are presented that address some of these issues. Although friendships of US and Indonesian youth are similar across many dimensions, the friendships of Indonesian youth appear somewhat less close, more centred on instrumental aid, less focused on enhancement of worth, and more extensive and less exclusive than those of US youth. These patterns are opposite to those that have emerged in the comparison of those in the US and other collectivist cultures, suggesting the need to modify models of collectivism and friendship. Finally, the authors advocate the use of multimethod and multiagent assessments, addressing issues of social class in cross-cultural comparison, and using a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches to study culture and friendship.
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Asbjørnslett, Mona, Gunn H. Engelsrud i Sølvi Helseth. "‘Friendship in all directions’: Norwegian children with physical disabilities experiencing friendship". Childhood 19, nr 4 (20.12.2011): 481–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0907568211428093.
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This article examines how Norwegian children with physical disabilities experience friendship during the transition between primary and secondary school. The research was based on 38 life mode interviews with 15 children. Two themes were explored: (1) different kinds of friends: friends with disabilities, friends without disabilities and technology-mediated friendships; and (2) qualities of friendship: understanding, intimacy and trust, mutuality and friendships with children both with and without disabilities. The conclusion is that children with physical disabilities adapt to different, but mutual friendships.
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JERROME, DOROTHY, i G. CLARE WENGER. "Stability and change in late-life friendships". Ageing and Society 19, nr 6 (listopad 1999): 661–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x99007540.
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This article draws on material from the Bangor Longitudinal Study of Ageing. The survivors, now all 80 plus, were interviewed first in 1979 and for the last time in 1995. This paper concentrates on friendship over that period. Answers to questions about the presence or absence of ‘real friends’ and about satisfaction with the status quo are related to personal strategies for managing change in the friendship network. Four types of response to current levels of friendship are identified: contented, dissatisfied, needy and resigned. Examples are given from each category, drawing on qualitative data.Findings suggest three types of movement over the 16 years in the relationships of these very old respondents: contraction in the friendship network, expansion, and the replacement of departed friends or fading friendships. New friendships were unusual in departing from same-sex, same age and reciprocal norms of adult friendship. The findings indicate that older adult friendships might breach several of the norms of friendship common in earlier adulthood; the distinctiveness of close relationships in advanced old age calls for its treatment as a separate life stage.
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Dwi Madyo Utomo, Kurniawan. "Pengaruh Persahabatan Terhadap Kesejahteraan Hidup Manusia". Seri Filsafat Teologi 30, nr 29 (7.12.2020): 434–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35312/serifilsafat.v30i29.28.
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Friendships are fundamental to human social life. Therefore, people try every great effort to build and maintain these friendships. The aim of this paper is to discuss the effect of friendship on the well-being of individuals at every stage of human development. The method used to achieve this goal is to explore the results of studies related to friendship and its effect on human well-being. The results of these studies indicate that friendship can be related to well-being. Healthy friendships help people to adjust and give them happiness. Happy people also tend to try to build and maintain friendships. Contrarily, unhealty friendships lead to loneliness and depression. Friendships which has been built since childhood also affects the well-being of an individual’s life at the later stages of human development.
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Silver, Allan. "Friendship and trust as moral ideals: an historical approach". European Journal of Sociology 30, nr 2 (listopad 1989): 274–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975600005890.
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It is not peculiar to modern society that ideals of friendship express some of the ‘noblest’ potentials of human association. But an ideal of friendship so contrary to the forms of association that dominate the larger society is distinctive to our times. Explicit contract, rational exchange, formal division of labor, and impersonal institutions define the Great Society; by inversion, they also define those ideals constituting friendship understood at its morally best. Especially in the urban core of Western society, particularly its more educated sectors, friendships are judged of high quality to the extent that they invert the ways of the larger society. In this ideal, friendships are voluntary, unspecialized, informal and private. They are grounded in open-ended commitments without explicit provision for their termination—unlike contractual relations, prior stipulation of the conditions that legitimately end a friendship cannot be constitutive of friendship. In such an ideal, friendships are diminished in moral quality if terms of exchange between friends are consciously or scrupulously monitored, for this implies that utilities derived from friendships are constitutive, as in market relations, rather than valued as expressions of personal intentions and commitments.
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Finke, Erinn H., Jillian H. McCarthy i Natalie A. Sarver. "Self-perception of friendship style: Young adults with and without autism spectrum disorder". Autism & Developmental Language Impairments 4 (styczeń 2019): 239694151985539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2396941519855390.
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Background It has been reported that people on the autism spectrum have difficulty making and maintaining friendships. Congruence of perspective on friendships and friendship practices may affect the frequency and intensity of friendships, but this is not well understood. Aims The aims of the current project were to identify the similarities and differences in the broad perspectives and friendship practices of young adults with and without autism. Method and procedures Young adults with and without autism between the ages of 18 and 24 years completed an online survey to determine the friendship preferences that most define the perspectives of young adults with autism. Outcomes and results The results identified primarily differences in the broad perspectives and friendship practices of young adults with and without autism spectrum disorder, which may provide a context for understanding the values and priorities that need to be considered as two people (whether they have an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis or not) embark on a new potential friendship, and may help people with autism (as well as clinicians, educators, and caregivers) understand why some friendships flounder and others are established and maintained with relative ease.
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Davies, Kristin, Linda R. Tropp, Arthur Aron, Thomas F. Pettigrew i Stephen C. Wright. "Cross-Group Friendships and Intergroup Attitudes". Personality and Social Psychology Review 15, nr 4 (15.08.2011): 332–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088868311411103.
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This work identifies how cross-group friendships are conceptualized and measured in intergroup research, investigates which operationalizations yield the strongest effects on intergroup attitudes, explores potential moderators, and discusses the theoretical importance of the findings. Prior meta-analyses have provided initial evidence that cross-group friendships are especially powerful forms of intergroup contact. Although studies of cross-group friendship have grown considerably in recent years, varied assessments leave us without a clear understanding of how different operationalizations affect relationships between friendship and attitudes. With a greatly expanded database of relevant studies, the authors compared friendship–attitude associations across a wide range of specific conceptualizations. Time spent and self-disclosure with outgroup friends yielded significantly greater associations with attitudes than other friendship measures, suggesting that attitudes are most likely to improve when cross-group friendships involve behavioral engagement. Processes underlying cross-group friendships are discussed, as are implications for future research and application.
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Wilson, Robert E., Kelci Harris i Simine Vazire. "Personality and Friendship Satisfaction in Daily Life: Do Everyday Social Interactions Account for Individual Differences in Friendship Satisfaction?" European Journal of Personality 29, nr 2 (marzec 2015): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.1996.
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Who are the people who maintain satisfying friendships? And, what are the behaviours that might explain why those people achieve high friendship satisfaction? We examined the associations between personality (self–reports and peer–reports) and friendship satisfaction (self–reports) among 434 students. We also examined whether role personality (how people act with their friends) and quantity and quality of social interactions using ecological momentary assessment mediate the associations between personality and friendship satisfaction. Extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and (low) neuroticism were associated with higher levels of friendship satisfaction. These associations could not be accounted for by individual differences in role personality. In addition, our results suggest that quantity of time spent with friends and quality of friend interactions (depth of conversation, self–disclosure and lack of emotion suppression), although associated with friendship satisfaction, do not account for the associations between trait personality and friendship satisfaction. Future research should examine other potential interpersonal processes that explain why some people are more satisfied with their friendships than others and the consequences of friendship satisfaction (e.g. for well–being). Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology
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Lim, Emily, Elizabeth A. Gallagher, Cindy N. Bui, Celeste Beaulieu, Elizabeth Simpson, Laura Driscoll i Jeffrey Burr. "WHAT DOES MY PERSONALITY SAYS ABOUT MY FRIENDSHIPS IN LATER LIFE?" Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (listopad 2019): S164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.586.
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Abstract Personality traits, such as those identified in the Big Five Personality Model (i.e., openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism), may be associated with different aspects of friendship among older adults. Additionally, men and women form and maintain their friendships differently, which may result in gender differences in their friendships. This study examined the relationship between specific personality traits and friendship characteristics, including friendship quantity, frequency of social interactions with friends, positive and negative friendship quality. The study also explored whether gender moderates the relationship between personality traits and friendships in later life. This study used data from 7,250 community-dwelling older adults, aged 65 years and above (M=75.4 years old, SD=6.91), who participated in 2012 and 2014 Leave-Behind Questionnaire of the Health and Retirement Study. Results from the linear regression analysis indicated significant main effects for the different personality traits and friendship quantity, quality and social interaction frequency, but no main effect for gender was found. However, the moderating effect of gender was significant for the relationship between specific personality traits (i.e. openness to experience, agreeableness and extraversion) and social interaction with friends, as well as for positive and negative friendship quality. For example, older women who scored high on openness to experience reported significantly lower social contact frequency with friends (B=-.16, p<.05) and higher negative friendship quality (B=.08, p<.05) than men who scored high on openness to experience. Study results provide insights for understanding better how personality traits and gender play a role in friendships in later life.
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Teichert, Jeannine. "Mediating Close Friendship Intimacy in Times of (Social) Distance". Networking Knowledge: Journal of the MeCCSA Postgraduate Network 14, nr 1 (5.07.2021): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31165/nk.2021.141.648.
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This article presents mediated intimacy in friendships as a necessary but difficult course of action to bridge physical absence between close friends. Following migration research to picture the mediation of intimacy of transnational family members, differences regarding the communicative behaviour, and specifically, the obligation to communicate contrasts distant friendships with translocal family interactions. Drawing on a German study on friendship communication, this paper asks the question how to derivate measures for profound friendship exchange in social distance, with regard to the current COVID-19 pandemic. Findings reveal communication media are definitely useful to keep up existing friendships but they also prevent meaningful friendship interaction. Accordingly, this paper contributes to the discussion of mediated communication and the production of mediated intimacy in friendships and highlights potential prospects to enhance physically distanced friendships.
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Migliaccio, Todd. "Typologies of Men’s Friendships: Constructing Masculinity through Them". Masculinities & Social Change 3, nr 2 (21.06.2014): 119–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4471/mcs.2014.47.
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Male friendships are often identified as being instrumental, avoiding expressive intimacy within their friendships. Past research has focused too much on friendship being an outcome of being male or having masculine attitudes, limiting analysis of the social construction of friendships in relation to masculine performances. Focusing on the individual production of friendship limits consideration of the construction of different dyads within one social network. Open-ended interviews with twelve men about each of their close friendships focused analysis on the dyad and not the individual. From the study, it was found that men established four different typologies of friendships (non-active, closed active, open active, expressive). While each friendship dyad differed in form and intimacy, all were influenced by the social construction of masculinity in these men’s lives.
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Rouncefield-Swales, Alison, Bernie Carter, Lucy Bray, Lucy Blake, Stephen Allen, Chris Probert, Kay Crook i Pamela Qualter. "Sustaining, Forming, and Letting Go of Friendships for Young People with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): A Qualitative Interview-Based Study". International Journal of Chronic Diseases 2020 (4.09.2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7254972.
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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an incurable, chronic, gastrointestinal condition that can constrain young people’s social relationships. Few studies have specifically explored friendships of people with IBD. This qualitative, participatory study used interviews, photographs, and friendship maps to explore friendships and friendship networks of young people with IBD. An online Young Person’s Advisory Group was actively engaged throughout the study. Thirty-one young people participated (n=16 males, n=15 female; n=24 Crohn’s disease, n=6 ulcerative colitis, n=1 IBD-unclassified; the mean age at study was 18.7 years; range 14-25 years). Findings present a metatheme “The importance and meaning of friendships” and three interwoven subthemes of “Sustaining friendships,” “Forming new friendships,” and “Letting go of friendships.” Friendship was important to the young people with IBD, providing support, but associated with challenges such as disclosure. Such challenges could be mitigated by clearer conversations with clinicians about friendships and more extensive conversations about friendships and long-term conditions in education settings.
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Morris, Charlotte Ann. "The significance of friendship in UK single mothers’ intimate lives". Families, Relationships and Societies 8, nr 3 (1.11.2019): 427–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/204674318x15262010818254.
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This article explores friendship as an aspect of the intimate lives of heterosexual single mothers. It has been argued that friendship holds an increasing significance in intimate lives, against a backdrop of increasing choice and declining emphasis on kinship ties. In this context, friendship has been viewed as displacing the centrality of heteronormative romantic relationships and, in this research, friendships were often accorded a higher status. In this narrative study, participants related shifts in their personal landscapes of intimacy on becoming single mothers. Friendships were narrated as multifaceted, offering practical and emotional support, alongside acceptance. Foregrounding friendship provided possibilities for positive identifications in a context in which single mothers are often subject to judgements. While friendships were not usually described as an alternative to couple-centred family life ‐ which retained its status as the ideal intimate form ‐ for some, single motherhood entailed an opening out of intimate possibilities beyond the couple.
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Hommelhoff, Sabine. "Having Workplace Friends Is Not Always Fun". Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O 63, nr 3 (lipiec 2019): 152–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0932-4089/a000300.
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Abstract. Workplace friendships can be joyful for employees and conducive to positive organizational outcomes. However, recent research has suggested that there are also dark sides and complexities associated with workplace friendships, which are not well understood. This exploratory critical incident study of 201 employees therefore focuses on conflicts that can arise among friends when work and friendship norms clash. Incidents were coded in terms of conflicting resources and broken friendship rules. Results showed that conflicts most often revolved around the resources status and affection. That is, hierarchies and promotions collided with friendship. Moreover, two friendship rules were broken frequently, the intimacy and the third-party rule. That is, either trust was betrayed, or a friend did not act like a friend when a third person, for example, a supervisor, became involved. In demonstrating potential downsides of workplace friendships, this study aims to help employees in understanding and maintaining good workplace relationships.
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Astriani, Ririn, Adi Fahrudin i Erik Saut H. Hutahaean. "The Quality of Friendships in Students Who Experience Trust Problems". KESANS : International Journal of Health and Science 3, nr 1 (20.10.2023): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54543/kesans.v3i1.235.
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Introduction: Conflicts between individuals often clash with friendships; one of the causes is trust issues. Trust issues related to how one thinks about others; The existence of a negative mindset (negative thinking) to friends can damage trust and hurt friendship relationships. This negative mindset can affect the quality of friendships among students. Objective: This study aims to analyze the quality of friendships in students who experience trust problems. Method: One hundred and fifteen respondents have/are experiencing trust problems filling out this questionnaire. The friendship quality category was analyzed using simple correlation and regression analysis. Result and Discussion: The results of this study show that negative thinking patterns and friendship quality in students have a negative correlation. Conclusion: The lower the negative thinking, the higher the quality of the company, and vice versa; the higher the negative thinking, the lower the level of friendship.
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C, Divyabharathi. "Friendship in literature". International Research Journal of Tamil 3, nr 2 (13.03.2021): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt2125.
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Various relationships complement human life. The majority of such relationships may be some kind of blood relationship or a forced relationship. But only a relationship of ‘friendship’ is chosen according to man’s will. It is strengthened based on properties. Our literature highlights such friendships in a number of ways. Also, this article is unique in that it tells you how to maintain good friendships, how to accept acceptable friendships, and how to maintain good friendships.
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Ciairano, Silvia, Emanuela Rabaglietti, Antonella Roggero, Silvia Bonino i Wim Beyers. "Patterns of adolescent friendships, psychological adjustment and antisocial behavior: The moderating role of family stress and friendship reciprocity". International Journal of Behavioral Development 31, nr 6 (listopad 2007): 539–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025407080573.
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This study distinguishes different patterns of friendship quality in terms of support from and conflict with friends, and reciprocity. Associations between friendship patterns and adolescents' adjustment (self-perception, expectations for the future, depressive feelings, sense of alienation, lying, disobedience, and aggression) were hypothesized to be moderated by family stress and friendship reciprocity. The sample comprised 622 adolescents of both genders, aged 14 to 20 years. We administered a questionnaire, including the Friendship Quality Scale and a peer nomination, twice at a 6-month interval. We identified two patterns of stable friendships: high (47%) and low (37%) quality. In two other groups, friendship quality changed over time, either from low to high (7%), or from high to low (9%). Of all adolescents, 58% had reciprocal and stable friends and 42% had unilateral friends. Under conditions of high family stress, supportive friendships do not have a positive effect on expectations for success and sense of alienation. Reciprocal friendship promotes higher levels of lying and disobedience but also protects against aggression. Summarizing, the effects of friendship quality can be moderated, either diminishing or exacerbating it, by other context factors.
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Meyer, Lori E., i Michaelene M. Ostrosky. "Identifying Classroom Friendships: Teachers’ Confidence and Agreement With Children". Topics in Early Childhood Special Education 38, nr 2 (21.03.2018): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271121418763543.
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We conducted an exploratory study to investigate teachers’ confidence and agreement with children when teachers and children identified close classroom friendships. Participants comprised six kindergarten teachers and 110 children, including 26 children with disabilities. Data were gathered from a friendship nomination questionnaire completed by teachers and a friendship nomination task completed by children. On average, teachers accurately identified one peer that a target child also named as a “best friend.” Teachers also identified children selected as “very best friends” for 59% of their students when using a less conservative definition of very best friendship. Teachers reported being confident in identifying friendships, on average, for 39% of their class. However, greater confidence did not equate with more accurate reports. Although teachers were slightly more confident in their friendship reports for children with disabilities, they were also less accurate. Implications for supporting friendship development and future research are discussed.
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Plecas, Tamara. "The stoic notion of friendship". Theoria, Beograd 62, nr 4 (2019): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo1904073p.
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The aim of this paper is to examine the Stoic notion of friendship. First, we will examine everyday and common understanding of friendship, and afterwards we will examine philosophical understanding of ideal friendship that influenced Stoics thought. Plato?s and Aristotle?s notion of friendship is of great importance to the Stoics. The Stoics, faced with a number of challenges, such as the problem of self-sufficiency outlined in Plato?s Lysis, developed a normative ideal of friendship. That ideal, as we will demonstrate, could also be developed under the influence of everyday political friendships.
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Fisher, Alexandra N., Danu Anthony Stinson, Joanne V. Wood, John G. Holmes i Jessica J. Cameron. "Singlehood and Attunement of Self-Esteem to Friendships". Social Psychological and Personality Science 12, nr 7 (27.01.2021): 1326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550620988460.
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Romantic relationships activate a process of psychological attunement whereby self-esteem becomes responsive to the romantic bond, thereby potentially benefitting relationship quality and bolstering self-esteem. Yet some people are romantically single, raising the question: Do single people also exhibit psychological attunement? In a 2-year longitudinal study of young adults ( N = 279), we test whether singles psychologically attune to their friendships. Multilevel modeling revealed that within-person fluctuations in friendship quality predicted within-person fluctuations in self-esteem, and this association was stronger for singles than for partnered people. A cross-sectional mediation analysis also revealed that singles invested more in their friendships than partnered people, and greater friendship investment predicted greater friendship quality and self-esteem later on. Finally, singles maintain their friendship quality over time while partnered people experience declines. Taken together, these results suggest that singles are psychologically attuned to their friendships, and such attunement may benefit their belongingness and self-esteem.
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Goodyer, I. M., C. Wright i P. M. E. Altham. "Recent friendships in anxious and depressed school age children". Psychological Medicine 19, nr 1 (luty 1989): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700011119.
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SynopsisA consecutive series of school age children (7 to 16 years) with emotional disorders (N = 100) were compared with a series of community controls (N = 100) matched for age, sex and social class for the quality of their friendships. A semi-structured interview was developed to measure the quality of friendship for this purpose. Significantly more (48%) children with emotional disorder were likely to be rated as experiencing moderate to poor friendships in the 12 months prior to the onset of symptoms than were controls (16%) in the 12 months prior to interview. Prepubertal children with moderate to poor friendship patterns were classified as either predominantly anxious or depressed. Postpubertal children with moderate to poor friendships patterns were, in contrast, predominantly anxious. These findings suggest that puberty denotes a point of change for the impact of friendship deficits on the psychopathology of emotional disorder. There were no sex differences in the clinical classification of children with moderate or poor friendship patterns.
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Situmorang, Markus. "Gereja Sebagai Komunitas Persahabatan". Seri Filsafat Teologi 30, nr 29 (7.12.2020): 334–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35312/serifilsafat.v30i29.26.
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Friendship is not something new in human life. It has existed since man existed in the world with others. Awareness of self and other creations encourages man to build friendship. Many philosophers and theologians have had ideas about the meaning of friendship. With friendship, our life becomes meaningful. The Scriptures also give the meaning of true friendship to human being. Therefore, friendship is a very essential thing in human life. True friendship needs to be based on love, trust, sincerity, sacrifice, kindness, and so on. Friendship itself must be born from the soul. A soul that is ready to give the best for friends. The friendships built by people are often fragile and vulnerable to break up. True friendship will not be eroded by time and distance. It will last forever when a soul is united in it. The Church is a community built by Jesus. The Church is born of friendship. Jesus gathers His friends at one Eucharistic table.
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Saunders, Pamela, i Kate de Mederios. "METHODOLOGICAL CONCERNS FROM A MIXED-METHODS STUDY OF FRIENDSHIP IN PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA LIVING IN LTC". Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (1.12.2023): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.0986.
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Abstract This paper will examine the methodological issues that arose as part of the Friendship Study (de Mederios, Saunders, Doyle, Mosby, 2012). These issues range from tracking to integrating data as well as ethical considerations of multiple participants living with dementia and their legally authorized representatives. The Friendship Study investigated ‘friendships’ in people with dementia living in long-term care. We used a mixed-methods approach that emphasized qualitative methods over quantitative ones, with integration during the analysis stage. Specifically, we investigated friendships among 31 assisted living residents with moderate to advanced dementia. The Friendship Study was based on the growing literature on social interactions in dementia settings. ‘Social interactions’ describe communicating, verbally and non-verbally, at least once with another person while ‘friendship’ suggests a deeper, more meaningful connection that may include reciprocity, intimacy, and shared trust. From our qualitative analyses, we found that friendships among residents were characterized by voluntary participation and accommodation in conversation, and recognition of the uniqueness of the other. Further quantitative results revealed no correlation between memory test scores, or demographic characteristics (except gender) and friendship dyads identified by staff. Staff’s perceptions of residents’ friendships were not supported through observation. This paper will explore the variety of qualitative methods employed (e.g., ethnographic observation, semi-structured interviews, transcription, coding) and outline how these data were collected, managed, and synthesized. Best practices will be provided.
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Mumford, Elizabeth A., Bruce G. Taylor i Peggy C. Giordano. "Perpetration of Adolescent Dating Relationship Abuse: The Role of Conditional Tolerance for Violence and Friendship Factors". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, nr 5-6 (1.02.2017): 1206–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517693002.
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Research has pointed to the salience of friendships in predicting abuse in adolescent dating relationships. The current study investigates the perpetration of physical and sexual dating abuse as predicted by individual conditional tolerance for dating abuse within the context of friendship behaviors and group characteristics. Using two waves of the National Survey of Teen Relationships and Intimate Violence (STRiV; N = 511 daters aged 12-18 years), we investigated the effects of baseline individual tolerance for hitting dating partners and friendship factors on perpetration of physical and sexual adolescent dating abuse (ADA) approximately 1 year later. Conditional tolerance for hitting boyfriends was associated with ADA perpetration in the absence of friendship characteristics. Daters who reported recent discussion of a problem with friends and female daters who named all-girl friendship groups were more likely to report ADA perpetration. Close friendships are an avenue for preventing ADA perpetration. Furthermore, ADA perpetration may be reduced by targeting conditional tolerance for violence particularly against male partners within female friendship groups.
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Khuu, Thoa V., David R. Schaefer, Adriana J. Umaña-Taylor i Allison M. Ryan. "The Limitations of Intergroup Friendship: Using Social Network Analysis to Test the Pathways Linking Contact and Intergroup Attitudes in a Multigroup Context". Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 9 (styczeń 2023): 237802312311610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23780231231161048.
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Recent research on intergroup contact theory has emphasized the potency of cross-group friendship for reducing prejudice. Evaluating this claim requires consideration of competing friend influence and selection processes. Few studies have jointly tested these mechanisms and often only in limited, majority/minority group contexts. In this study, the authors articulate several mechanisms linking friendships with intergroup attitudes and test them in a diverse U.S. context (two large high schools with significant representations of multiple ethnoracial groups). The analysis involves a longitudinal network model of friendship and attitude coevolution. The findings indicate that ingroup friends influenced intergroup contact attitudes (ICAs) over time, while more open ICAs promoted selection into cross-group friendship. By contrast, effects of cross-group friendships on ICAs were limited to White students with Black friends. These findings suggest that the effect of intergroup contact is overstated in the context of friendship and that more focus should be paid to understanding other friendship dynamics.
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Souza, Luciana Karine de. "In search of true friendship". Kriterion: Revista de Filosofia 49, nr 117 (2008): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-512x2008000100010.
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The present text proposes a discussion on the concept of true friendship. The argument is grounded mostly on Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, Owen Flanagan's ethics as human ecology, and on contemporary authors' works about the Greek philosopher's concept of friendship. Given that human beings flourish through 1) exercising capacities, 2) being moral, and 3) having true friendships, difficulties to establish the level of trust required by true friendships turns the search itself (for them) morally valid.
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Korkiamäki, Riikka, i Catherine Elliott O'Dare. "Intergenerational Friendship as a Conduit for Social Inclusion? Insights from the “Book‐Ends”". Social Inclusion 9, nr 4 (15.12.2021): 304–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v9i4.4555.
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Friendship is said to promote psychological and physical well‐being and increase social inclusion. Yet, intergenerational friendship has garnered little research attention due to the assumed dominance of age homophily in friendship. In this article we explore intergenerational friendship from the perspective of “younger” and “older” friends at the “generational book‐ends” of the life course. We focus on the role that intergenerational friendship plays in processes of social inclusion in the everyday lives of the participants, bringing together a study conducted in Finland and one in Ireland. Both studies employ qualitative methodology, drawing from interviews with 31 young people who were refugees (aged 13–18) in Finland and 23 older people (aged 65+) in Ireland. Our findings reveal that the younger and the older participants concur on the qualities and benefits of intergenerational friendship. Additionally, while age is not a uniform definer of friendships, differences in chronological age are not meaningless but support caring, enjoyment, and inclusion in alternative ways compared to peer‐aged friendships. Access to diverse company, distinct support, broader networks, and alternative identities lead to increased experiences of social inclusion at a personal and societal level. We conclude by calling on policy makers and communities to create spaces and opportunities for inclusion through friendship for all generations.
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Rabaglietti, Emanuela, Maria Fernanda Vacirca, Giulia Zucchetti, Carmen Camacho i Silvia Ciairano. "SIMILARITY, COHESION, DISTANCING AND FRIENDSHIP QUALITY AMONG ITALIAN AND BOLIVIAN BOYS AND GIRLS: A CROSS NATIONAL COMPARISON". Problems of Psychology in the 21st Century 3, nr 1 (10.06.2012): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/ppc/12.03.82.
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This study aimed to contribute at exploring friendship in children from two different countries, Italy and Bolivia, focusing on the association between specific characteristics of children’s friendships, such as similarity, cohesion and distance with friends as represented by the children through drawing, and the perception of their friendship quality. Participants were 100 children (55 Italians and 45 Bolivians) attending primary schools. The two subgroups are balanced for gender and age [Italian girls: 56%, N=31, Bolivian girls 51%, N=23; M age Italian children=8.09 (SD = .74) and Bolivian children M age=7.91 (SD = .90)]. We used children’s drawings and self-reported measures to investigate the dyadic characteristics and the quality of their friendship. Results showed that Italian children drawn themselves and their best friend more similar than Bolivian children [F (1, 94) = 6.65; p<.002]. There are more conflicts in the friendships of Bolivian children than in the Italian ones [F (1, 98) = 7.87; p<. 006]. There is a moderation effect of children's nationality on the association between the pictorial friendship features and friendship quality. These preliminary findings highlighted the importance of investigating children's perceptions of friendship, which is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon, taking into account the social and cultural differences. Key words: cohesion, cross-national differences, distancing, friendship quality, similarity.
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Kastner, Marlene. "Formation and Benefits of Intercultural Friendships: The Role of Communication". Journal of Intercultural Communication 21, nr 3 (12.07.2022): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36923/jicc.v21i3.19.
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This qualitative study provides novel insights into exploring factors that influence intercultural friendship formation and friendship benefits, focusing on the role of communication. A research gap has been addressed by focusing on Muslim women who wear the hijab and exploring what factors had influenced their friendship formation with people from culturally different backgrounds and what impact the friendship had on the self. Findings suggested that cultural, linguistic and religious similarity was deemed as not important for friendship formation. Instead, similar values, self-disclosure and respectful communication assisted intercultural friendship formation. Friendship barriers included cultural misconceptions and behavioral uncertainty. Clear evidence emerged that these intercultural friendships led to positive attitudinal changes of the individuals within and beyond the friendship. This included increased cultural understanding, acceptance and self-reflection. It was revealed that cultural misconceptions (and levels of Islamophobia) were eliminated and ethnocentrism was reduced.
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Emmeche, Claus. "Robot Friendship". International Journal of Signs and Semiotic Systems 3, nr 2 (lipiec 2014): 26–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsss.2014070103.
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Friendship is used here as a conceptual vehicle for framing questions about the distinctiveness of human cognition in relation to natural systems such as other animal species and to artificial systems such as robots. By exploring this very common form of a human interpersonal relationship, the author indicates that even though it is difficult to say something generally true about friendship among humans, distinct forms of friendship as practiced and distinct notions of friendship have been investigated in the social and human sciences and in biology. A more general conceptualization of friendship as a triadic relation analogous to the sign relation is suggested. Based on this the author asks how one may conceive of robot-robot and robot-human friendships; and how an interdisciplinary perspective upon that relation can contribute to analyse levels of embodied cognition in natural and artificial systems.
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Do, Thien Tat, i Tham Thi Huong Pham. "Navigating peer pressure: The role of friendship quality in middle school students". Multidisciplinary Science Journal 6, nr 11 (31.05.2024): 2024242. http://dx.doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2024242.
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This study explores the relationship between peer pressure and friendship quality among middle school students in Vietnam, aiming to understand how these factors interact and affect students' social experiences and academic outcomes. A convenience sampling approach was used to survey 403 students from Tan Tao A Secondary School and Viet My Secondary School during the 2023-2024 academic year. Participants completed the Perceived Peer Pressure Scale and the Friendship Quality Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS to conduct descriptive and comparative statistical analyses. The findings indicate a significant relationship between peer pressure and friendship quality. Students with high-quality friendships reported higher levels of resistance to peer pressure and positive peer encouragement, while those with weaker friendships were more vulnerable to negative influences. Notably, students experiencing higher levels of peer pressure also reported higher friendship quality scores, suggesting a complex interplay between these factors. Strong, supportive friendships can act as a buffer against negative peer pressure, promoting resilience and positive behaviors among middle school students. Educational interventions that foster positive peer relationships and provide support for students with weaker friendships are essential. Further research should explore the longitudinal impact of these relationships to inform more effective interventions.
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Veniegas, Rosemary C., i Letitia Anne Peplau. "Power and the Quality of Same-Sex Friendships". Psychology of Women Quarterly 21, nr 2 (czerwiec 1997): 279–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00113.x.
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Does the quality of same-sex friendship depend on the gender of the friends and the balance of power between friends? Fifty-four men and 60 women undergraduates evaluated two of their same-sex friendships, one equal in power and one unequal in power. The quality of each friendship was rated in terms of emotional closeness, satisfaction, liking, self-disclosure, and rewards. In general, most young adults evaluated their friendships positively. Mixed-model multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) found significant main effects of gender and power on ratings of quality, but no interactions. Consistent with previous research, women generally evaluated their same-sex friendships more positively than did men. Gender differences were relatively small in magnitude and were not found for all indices of relationship quality, however. As predicted, participants rated equal-power friendships significantly higher than unequal-power friendships on all measures of quality. Power appears to be an important but largely neglected element of friendship.
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Peng, Changmin, Jeffrey Burr, Sae Hwang Han, Kyungmin Kim i Jan Mutchler. "Volunteering and Cognitive Health Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Friendship". Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (1.12.2020): 415–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1340.
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Abstract We lack knowledge about the underlying mechanisms that link formal volunteering to cognitive health. Friendships can be formed and improved through volunteering. Friendship is also beneficial to cognitive health as it often involves sharing information and promoting social interactions. This study investigated the potential mediating role of friendship (i.e., the number of close friends and the quality of friendships) for the association between volunteering (i.e., volunteering status and volunteering hours) and episodic memory among middle-aged and older adults in the United States, using data from the 2014 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (N = 6,029). Moderated mediation models were employed to test the mediation role of friendship for the association between volunteering and cognition for two age groups, middle-aged adults (age 50-64, n = 2,441) and older adults (age 65+, n = 3,588). The results showed that the quality of friendships, but not the number of close friends, mediated the relationship between volunteering (both status and hours) and episodic memory for middle-aged adults. However, mediation effects of friendship were not discovered for older adults. Our findings emphasize the important role of the quality of friendship in understanding the cognitive benefit of volunteering among middle-aged adults. For older adults, the nonsignificant effects of friendship may be consistent with socioemotional selectivity theory, suggesting that older adults may not use volunteering to expand their social networks. Instead, they may participate in volunteer work for other reasons in the context of shrinking social networks.
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Evans, Rebecca, Pascal Mallet, Cécile Bazillier i Phillipe Amiel. "Friendship and Cancer". Reviews in Health Care 6, nr 2 (30.04.2015): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/rhc.v6i2.1171.
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Friendships are a powerful healing force for physical and mental illness. The study of the role of friendship for cancer patients has been relatively neglected and academic evidence-based studies are lacking. A literature review of research was performed linking cancer with friendships and social support (other than that provided by family members or members of medical staff). Some studies report the importance of friendships formed amongst young children and often in a school context; fewer studies have focused on friendships amongst adults with cancer. Direct links between friendships formed and/or maintained amongst cancer patients and their precise effects on an individual’s battle with cancer have yet to be explored.
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Ord, Jon, i Tony Jeffs. "Friendship: The ‘Achilles Heel’ of European Youth Work Policy". Youth 3, nr 4 (13.11.2023): 1268–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/youth3040080.
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This paper analyses the historical development of friendship in youth work in the UK and more recent studies of the impact of youth work in both the UK and in the wider European context to argue that European youth work has failed to acknowledge this important aspect of practice. During youth work’s initial 150 years in the UK three concepts resided at the heart of the enterprise: (a) the ‘club’; (b) ‘membership’ and (c) ‘friendship’. Friendship eclipsed the others for they grew out of the friendships formed between workers and young people, and the young people themselves. Practitioners during this era expected to offer unconditional friendship to members, and to teach them the arts of acquiring and sustaining friendships via the modelling of virtuous behaviour. An exemplar founded upon Aristotle’s concept of friendship. Two recent research programmes highlight the degree to which friendship remains a core element within youth work. These are a comparative study of European youth work provision and a longitudinal study of youth work’s impact Each found the acquisition of and ability to make and retain friends were viewed as key benefits accruing from involvement in youth groups. Both, however, stand in stark contrast to current formulations regarding youth work’s future role in Europe which pay scant attention to the centrality of friendship This article discusses these developments and the important role friendship has and can play within youth work.
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Lozano, Elizabeth B., Mahzad Hojjat i Judith Sims-Knight. "Does Ego-Resilience Impact Friendship Outcomes?" Journal of Individual Differences 37, nr 2 (kwiecień 2016): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000197.
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Abstract. The present study examined the relationship between resilience and positive outcomes in friendships of young adults. SEM and bootstrapping analyses were performed to test whether positive emotions mediate the relationship between ego-resilience and enhanced friendship outcomes. Findings revealed indirect effects for friendship closeness, maintenance behaviors, and received social support. Our findings demonstrate the importance of positive emotions and its connection with trait resilience in the realm of friendships.
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Aeby, Gaëlle, i Jenny van Hooff. "Who gets custody of the friends? Online narratives of changes in friendship networks following relationship breakdown". Families, Relationships and Societies 8, nr 3 (1.11.2019): 411–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/204674318x15271464535444.
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This article explores online narratives of the loss or change of friendships following an intimate partner relationship breakdown. Drawing on internet forum discussions, we explore individuals’ transitions from coupled to single, and the multiple ways in which this affects their friendship ties. Forum users struggled to reconcile friends’ abandonment or distance with cultural representations of friendship as providing intense emotional support during critical life transitions. Users also reflect on the impact of their recent singlehood on friendships established and maintained while coupled, with relationship breakdown illuminating previously unacknowledged couple privilege. We argue that the loss of friendships exacerbated and became part of the break-up experience, illustrating the embedded nature of relationships (Smart, 2007). Relationship breakdown is perceived as acting as an ‘ordeal’ for friendship, revealing the depth and quality of existing ties, as users reflect on their own neglect of friendships while they were coupled.
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Dominguez, Jess, i Jeffrey A. Hall. "Examining context shifts’ effect on relationship trajectories in friendships using Turning Point Theory". Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 37, nr 6 (19.03.2020): 1892–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407520909475.
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Drawing from Turning Point Theory, this study explores whether context shifts, which are changes in the location where a friendship is enacted, affect relationship trajectories and friendship closeness. Study 1A ( N = 120) experimentally manipulated invitations for context shifts in college friendships to test their effects on perceived relationship trajectory, social attraction, and closeness. Study 1B ( N = 112) replicated the results of Study 1A with working adults. Both studies’ results suggest that context-variable shifts lead to a change in perceived relationship trajectory but did not influence social attraction or closeness. In Study 2, first-year students ( N = 98) reported on turning points in their friendships twice over 9 weeks. Friendships reporting context-variable shifts as a turning point were associated with higher friendship closeness than relationships that had no turning points and similar closeness as friendships that reported self-disclosure as a turning point.
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Kanagasabai, Nithila, i Shilpa Phadke. "Forging Fraught Solidarities: Friendship and Feminist Activism in South Asia". Feminist Encounters: A Journal of Critical Studies in Culture and Politics 7, nr 1 (1.03.2023): 02. http://dx.doi.org/10.20897/femenc/12880.
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Friendship has been central to the forging of feminist solidarities. Cross-border friendships and feminist activism in South Asia have disrupted narratives of violence and hostility between countries. Friendship then is deeply political for multiple reasons, often facilitating a powerful critique and unsettling hegemonic, heteropatriarchal narratives of affective relationships. Drawing on the narratives of feminist activists in South Asia, we explore the nuances of ‘doing activism’ with friends as well as how friendship itself inflects activism and the interrogations that these might bring to the fore. We reflect on the ways in which feminist activism has engaged with fun arguing that joy is intrinsic to feminist organising. We also examine feminist fractures and how these might impact our activism, our friendships, and what they reveal about structural inequalities. As we reflect on the transformative potential of feminist activism within the South Asian region over the last four decades and the friendships it has nurtured, we ask if friendship has fulfilled the promise of challenging existing structural hierarchies and reimagining our relationships, concluding that the answer must be yes and no.
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Siba, Balázs. "A barátságkaraván jelensége és jelentősége az életben". Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Theologia Reformata Transylvanica 68, nr 2 (30.12.2023): 263–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbtref.68.2.16.
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The Phenomenon of the Caravan of Friendship and Its Importance in Life. In this academic essay, I invite the reader to think about our human relationships, our friendships: who are the supporters and allies in our lives? How are friendships born and why do they fade away? What do we need to strengthen our friendships and to become people who are seen as supporters by others? The way we make friends throughout our lives depends on our personality, our gender, our age, and our socio-cultural environment. Our network of relationships needs to include family, friends, home, and work. Our network of friends may also change from time to time, for example, when we move to a new place or change jobs. As the distances between connections increase, so do the number of people with whom we can no longer have deeper relationships. In this paper, we look at the basic dynamics of relationships and how friendship patterns change with age. The paper concludes with a brief theological reflection on friendship. Keywords: friendship, socio-cultural environment, network of relationships, dynamics of relationships
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Fiebert, Martin S., i Kimberly S. Wright. "Midlife Friendships in an American Faculty Sample". Psychological Reports 64, nr 3_suppl (czerwiec 1989): 1127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.64.3c.1127.
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This study explored midlife same-sex friendship patterns in an American sample of married faculty members. of particular interest were perceived changes in friendship behavior from young adulthood to midlife and sex differences in friendship interactions. 14 men and 14 women between the ages of 40 and 55 yr. provided responses in a structured interview and completed a comprehensive friendship survey, the Acquaintance Description Form. Analysis showed that while both men and women spend less time now with their close friends than they did formerly, the strength of relationship and expressed self-disclosure were perceived to increase with time. Women, compared to men, reported relating more intimately with their friends and rated their current friendships as more important to them than did men. The durations of men's friendships, both currently and retrospectively, were longer than women's.
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Trujillo, G. M. "Friendship for the Flawed". Southwest Philosophy Review 36, nr 1 (2020): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/swphilreview202036122.
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When considering the value of friendship, most philosophers ignore the negatives. Most assume that humans need friends to flourish, and some argue that friendships can be good, no matter the risks entailed. This makes conversations about the value of friendship one-sided. Here, I argue that Cynics and Pessimists have an important view on friendship, despite it being ignored. They hold that: (a) friendship is unnecessary for flourishing, and (b) friendship presents ethical risks, especially to one’s own self-sufficiency. I defend these views. Then I conclude with reflections on why Cynics and Pessimists actually make great friends. By helping people to focus on vulgar human nature and the flaws that humans have, they create an unpretentious basis for friendship.
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Demir, Melikşah, Andrew Haynes, Haley Orthel-Clark i Ayça Özen. "Volunteer Bias in Research on Friendship Among Emerging Adults". Emerging Adulthood 5, nr 1 (8.07.2016): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167696816641542.
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Five studies ( N = 5,150) relying on an exhaustive procedure addressed whether volunteer bias (VB) exists in friendship research among emerging adults (EAs). Consistently, the studies showed that women are more willing than men to participate in research on same-sex best friendship (SSBF). Studies 2 through 5 showed that friendship duration is not related to volunteering. Studies 3 and 4 showed that the friendships of volunteers were higher in positive friendship experiences compared to nonvolunteers. Finally, Study 5 showed that a significant portion of nonvolunteers ended up participating in research on SSBF. VB in research on friendship is an artifact that presents a concern for the generalizability and validity of findings relative to the friendship experiences of EAs. Recruitment strategies that could alleviate this problem are discussed.
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Cherry, Myisha. "On the Cultivation of Civic Friendship". Journal of Philosophical Research 46 (2021): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jpr20211025184.
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I examine the possibility of civic friendship to solve the problem of over-doing democracy, paying close attention to how it can counter affective polarization and social homogeneity. In Section I, I explore civic friendship as a solution to polarization. In section II, I argue that Talisse’s civic friendship—in the context of nonpolitical collaboration—is akin to Aristotle’s utility and pleasure-friendships. Given the nature of civic friendship, in Section III–VI I make amendments to Talisse’s proposal. I argue that if civic friendship is to address not only desaturation but polarization, and it has these Aristotelian features, then the cultivation of taste, equity, and ethical attentiveness are necessary.
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Coleman, Martin. "Ideal Friendship, Actual Friends". Ruch Filozoficzny 79, nr 1 (4.04.2023): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/rf.2023.002.
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Friendship, on George Santayana’s account, is a form of human society made possible by consciousness of ideals while simultaneously rooted in the experience of embodied creatures spontaneously drawn to each other. His philosophical and autobiographical writings on friendship (particularly his friendship with Frank Russell) exemplify a practice of cultivating wisdom and suggest how we can come to understand our own actual friendships and the opportunities for self-knowledge and sanity in them.
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Anderson, Austen R., i Blaine J. Fowers. "An exploratory study of friendship characteristics and their relations with hedonic and eudaimonic well-being". Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 37, nr 1 (10.07.2019): 260–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407519861152.
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Friendships are an important source of happiness, well-being, physical health, and longevity. Researchers have often linked unidimensional friendship quality to life satisfaction and positive affect, which are hedonic forms of well-being. Aristotle presented an expanded view of friendship with three general characteristics: Utility, Pleasure, and Virtue. Following his theory, we expected Pleasure and Utility characteristics to be primarily related to hedonic well-being (HWB). In contrast, we expected Virtue characteristics to be more strongly related to eudaimonic well-being (EWB), which includes meaning, personal growth, and positive relationships in this study. This exploratory study assessed Aristotle’s theory about friendship and well-being with 375 participants. Two exploratory structural equation models were tested. There was an indirect relationship between Utility characteristics and HWB through Help Received. A friend’s Virtue characteristics had an indirect relationship with EWB through the reliability of the friendship. These findings indicate that friendship characteristics related to utility and virtue friendships appear to have differential implications for understanding the role of friends in happiness and flourishing.