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Schapiro, Michelle. "Competitive goal orientations, friendship quality, and friendship stability in gifted and nongifted adolescent friendships". Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85203.
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This study examined the friendships between gifted and regular adolescents to determine if competition was related to the quality and stability of their friendship. Sullivan (1953) had predicted that competition harmed friendship, but this has not been tested empirically. Thirty-eight gifted and 38 regular friendship dyads from grades seven and eight were recruited from two high schools in Quebec and one in Ontario. Competition was defined in terms of competitive goal orientation. Students who competed in order to improve their performance on a task were rated as more task-oriented. Those who competed in order to show superiority over others were rated as more other-referenced. Competitive goal orientation differed for gifted and regular students. Classroom teachers, physical education teachers, and peers rated gifted students as being more task-oriented and regular students as being more other-referenced in their competitive styles across both scholastic and athletic domains. Being more task-oriented was related to having less negative friendship quality (i.e., fewer conflicts), more friendly competition, and for gifted students only, more friendship stability. Conversely, being more other-referenced was related to more negative friendship qualities and, for gifted students only, unstable friendships. Additionally, friends who reported positive friendship qualities at the end of the school year remained friends over the summer more so than friends who reported negative friendship qualities. However, during the school year, when friends saw each other regularly, the quality of their friendship was not related to whether or not they remained friends. Surprisingly, the friendships of regular adolescents had more positive qualities (companionship, help, security, closeness) than the friendships of gifted adolescents. No difference in friendship stability was found between the groups. Practical implications for teachers include avoiding forms
2
Bernstein, Melissa D. "Friendships of children with ADHD| Exploring a parent friendship coaching intervention". Thesis, The University of Maine, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3581944.
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Owens, Rebecca A. "Friendship characteristics associated with adolescent friendship maintenance and dissolution". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2163.
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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iii, 94 p. : col. ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-61).
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Thompson, Nancy LeAnne. "The Friendship Fest: Perfecting Friendship through Transnational Musical Performance". W&M ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626548.
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Williams, Gerard. "Men and Friendship: An Exploration of Male Perceptions of Same-sex Friendships". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2015. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1996.
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Differences between female and male same-sex friendships have been the subject of numerous studies. Additionally, male same-sex friendships have been studied independent of the differences related to female same-sex friendships. Despite these studies, a comprehensive, agreed on definition of male friendship remains unclear or ill-defined. The manner in which men perceive, express and experience same-sex friendships can be viewed as learned behaviors based on gender schema and sex typing. Men’s friendships, as viewed through the gender schema theory, are shaped through the association of gender based male identity and male behaviors. This phenomenological study investigated male perceptions of same-sex male friendships. The broad research question for my study was how do men experience friendship? Through interviews with eight men, data were collected, analyzed by each case that produced a total of 52 themes for all participants, and then a cross-case analysis produced nine super-ordinate themes. The resultant super-ordinate themes were the basis for responding to the main research question and five specific research questions. Findings from my study allowed for the identification of specific components important to the participants regarding their friendships. A second finding was related to social expectations of participants’ friendships. Implications of my study revealed that although men are generally assumed resistant to counseling, they look upon counseling favorably. For counselors and counselor educators, a better understanding of the way men experience friendship could ultimately be a resource for better practice in the way men are attracted to and perceive the counseling practice.
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Reid, Janet Caldwell. "Perspectives on friendship and their relevance for pastoral ministry". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2000. http://www.tren.com.
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Boda, Zsófia. "Friendship based on race or race based on friendship? : the co-evoluation of friendships, negative ties and ethnic perceptions in Hungarian school classes". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6b82d554-53ce-4106-8bf1-ce602fe5d72b.
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This thesis focuses on the dynamic interplay between race and social ties. Even though in sociological studies, race is usually treated as a cause of social segregation, we argue that this is a two-way process. Our approach distinguishes between racial self-identifications and racial perceptions. In the first part of the thesis, we focus on the joint effects of these aspects on the prevalence and emergence of social ties in secondary school communities. The second part investigates social effects on racial perceptions. For the analyses, we take a social networks approach, estimating exponential random graph and stochastic actor-oriented models. First, we take a look at the state of racial segregation in friendships and negative ties within communities, and we investigate the dynamic processes that have led to the described state. We also take endogenous network mechanisms into account. We provide evidence that given an initial state of segregation, reciprocity and clustering can maintain the relative infrequency of cross-race friendships in the group, even without (additional) same-race preference. Further, we find that negative ties describe interracial segregation better than friendships: majority students tend to dislike their minority peers, but no such tendencies were found for friendships. Second, we find that minority students tend to overperceive their friends' similarity to themselves in terms of race. Moreover, there is evidence for social influence: classmates tend to accept each other's, especially their friends', opinions about their peer's race. Altogether, both empirical parts of the thesis suggest a hierarchical relationship between the majority and the minority groups: besides majority students' tendency to exclude their minority peers, those who try befriending majorities - but get rejected by them - are more likely to be perceived as minorities. There are also indications of some minority students showing outgroup preference, while others seem to compete against the majority group. This can contribute to the observed emergence of enmity between minority students.
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Boda, Zsófia. "Friendship based on race or race based on friendship? : the co-evolution of friendships, negative ties and ethnic perceptions in Hungarian school classes". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1b8543cc-486c-4f2d-a89f-2982f21dd32f.
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This thesis focuses on the dynamic interplay between race and social ties. Even though in sociological studies, race is usually treated as a cause of social segregation, we argue that this is a two-way process. Our approach distinguishes between racial self-identifications and racial perceptions. In the first part of the thesis, we focus on the joint effects of these aspects on the prevalence and emergence of social ties in secondary school communities. The second part investigates social effects on racial perceptions. For the analyses, we take a social networks approach, estimating exponential random graph and stochastic actor-oriented models. First, we take a look at the state of racial segregation in friendships and negative ties within communities, and we investigate the dynamic processes that have led to the described state. We also take endogenous network mechanisms into account. We provide evidence that given an initial state of segregation, reciprocity and clustering can maintain the relative infrequency of cross-race friendships in the group, even without (additional) same-race preference. Further, we find that negative ties describe interracial segregation better than friendships: majority students tend to dislike their minority peers, but no such tendencies were found for friendships. Second, we find that minority students tend to overperceive their friends' similarity to themselves in terms of race. Moreover, there is evidence for social influence: classmates tend to accept each other's, especially their friends', opinions about their peer's race. Altogether, both empirical parts of the thesis suggest a hierarchical relationship between the majority and the minority groups: besides majority students' tendency to exclude their minority peers, those who try befriending majorities - but get rejected by them - are more likely to be perceived as minorities. There are also indications of some minority students showing outgroup preference, while others seem to compete against the majority group. This can contribute to the observed emergence of enmity between minority students.
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Parker, Richard J. "Closeness and Conflict in Children’s Friendships: Relations with Friendship Stability, Adjustment and Sociometric Status". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19847.
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Not many children report relationships with friends that are both close and conflictual. There is a paucity of research examining the trajectory of children's relationship closeness and conflict together over time. This is unfortunate because contentious relationships are related to cardiovascular problems, at least in young adults and because the trajectories of these two aspects of children's relationship quality over time is not understood. Therefore, two longitudinal data sets with younger (mean age 7.5 years at Time 1; four data points over 2 years) and older (mean age 9.9 years at Time 1; two data points over 1 year) children were studied. In both cohorts, measures of friendship quality and peer nominations of liking/disliking as well as overt and relational (older cohort) aggression were completed. Children who reported relationships high in both closeness and conflict were generally satisfied with their friendships; they were not more likely to end their friendships than were children who reported different levels of closeness and conflict (younger cohort). Both boys' and girls' relationship closeness increased over time according to growth curve analyses. The relationships of girls who remained in the same friendship, and who therefore provided ratings on the same friend at each time point, tended to increase in closeness at a different rate over time than the relationships of girls who provided ratings on different friends (younger cohort). Children who reported relationships high in closeness and in conflict were not more aggressive over time than were children who reported different levels of relationship closeness and conflict. However, girls' closeness and overt aggression tracked each other (increased) over time (younger cohort). Girls who reported low social support and negative interactions in their friendships increased the most in overt aggression over time (older cohort). Aggressive and nonaggressive children generally reported similar friendship quality (both cohorts), but the friendship closeness of chronically aggressive boys decreased over time (younger cohort). There were negligible friendship quality differences amongst the sociometric groups. The discussion centers on friendship quality changes in children's continuing friendships, the potential dire effects of turbulent friendships and the friendships of aggressive as well as controversial children.
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McDonald, Stephen. "Workplace friendships: exploring friendship development between gay and heterosexual men in the workplace". Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2018. https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/702721/1/McDonald_2018.pdf.
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This thesis explores dyadic workplace friendships between gay men and heterosexual men and women. I draw on the qualitative findings of twenty interviews undertaken with men who are all openly gay in their workplaces. The interview data sheds light on these friendships within a variety of work place contexts, examining how the context of the workplace can influence the forms of friendships gay men construct. The thesis covers three main areas: 1) how gay men develop workplace friendships and the forms that these friendships take in heteronormative workplaces; 2) the importance of workplace friendships and the meanings attached to those friendships; 3) the influence of workplace friendships on gay men’s identities. In the discussion sections, queer theory is used to examine the discourses that gay men negotiate in a heteronormative workplace context. This study contributes to current knowledge on friendship development, and specifically, the issues associated with gay men developing friendships within a heteronormative workplace context. The research findings reveal the difficulties some gay men experience in developing friendships with heterosexual men, also noting how, in contrast, developing friendships with straight women was experienced as an easier process by the study participants. The study adds to current literature on the barriers to friendship construction that are faced by gay men, using queer theory to explore and analyse the findings.
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McDonald, Stephen. "Workplace friendships : exploring friendship development between gay and heterosexual men in the workplace". Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2018. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/702721/.
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This thesis explores dyadic workplace friendships between gay men and heterosexual men and women. I draw on the qualitative findings of twenty interviews undertaken with men who are all openly gay in their workplaces. The interview data sheds light on these friendships within a variety of work place contexts, examining how the context of the workplace can influence the forms of friendships gay men construct. The thesis covers three main areas: 1) how gay men develop workplace friendships and the forms that these friendships take in heteronormative workplaces; 2) the importance of workplace friendships and the meanings attached to those friendships; 3) the influence of workplace friendships on gay men’s identities. In the discussion sections, queer theory is used to examine the discourses that gay men negotiate in a heteronormative workplace context. This study contributes to current knowledge on friendship development, and specifically, the issues associated with gay men developing friendships within a heteronormative workplace context. The research findings reveal the difficulties some gay men experience in developing friendships with heterosexual men, also noting how, in contrast, developing friendships with straight women was experienced as an easier process by the study participants. The study adds to current literature on the barriers to friendship construction that are faced by gay men, using queer theory to explore and analyse the findings.
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Maqubela, Loyiso. "The relationship between friendship quality, masculinity ideology and happiness in men's friendship". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6851.
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Friendships are voluntary, reciprocal relationships that consist of a number of provisions such as intimacy, companionship and help. These provisions or dimensions help to form, maintain and strengthen these friendships. This study has examined the claim that certain types of friendship are related to happiness, and that men's and women's friendships differ. It did so by comparing men and women in terms of the three aforementioned friendship dimensions as well as happiness. This study further investigated whether or not masculinity ideology functioned as a mediator between the dimensions of friendship and happiness. Male (n=140) and female (n=194) students from the University of Cape Town (UCT) completed the Friendship Qualities Questionnaire, which measured their scores on companionship, intimacy, help, positive affect, negative affect, satisfaction with life, and masculinity ideology. Overall happiness scores were calculated using each participant's standardised scores on measures of positive affect, negative affect and satisfaction with life. T-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests revealed that women scored significantly higher than men on measures of intimacy, help and companionship. Women also scored significantly higher than men on the satisfaction with life measure. Despite this, men and women were not significantly different in terms of their overall happiness scores. Path analysis revealed that masculinity ideology did not function as a mediator between friendship dimensions and happiness for men. However certain path coefficients were found to be significant. For men, the path between intimacy and masculinity ideology was significant as was the path between help and happiness. Additional analyses on women revealed that the paths between companionship and happiness as well as help and happiness were significant. These findings suggest that masculinity ideology does affect the expression of intimacy between men in their friendships. The findings further suggest that help is one of the most important dimensions in friendships as it is significantly related to happiness for both genders.
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Owens, Rebecca A. "Friendship features associated with college students' friendship maintenance and dissolution following problems". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2896.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2003.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 149 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-80).
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Gauthier, Jean Paul. "In honour of friendship". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0023/MQ40471.pdf.
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Kimbriel, Samuel Calvin. "Friendship as sacred knowing". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607905.
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Kerney, Barbara Lee. "A theology of friendship". Thesis, Durham University, 2007. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1829/.
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Roman, Sara. "Friendship Dynamics among Adolescents". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-125573.
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The study of social networks has become well established in social science. As part of this development, the past several decades have seen an increasing interest in adolescent social relations. Some of the relevant research has focused on explaining similarity patterns in friendship with respect to social categories and have found homophily (the tendency to select similar friends) to be an important factor, or mechanism, influencing friendships. Although the study of social networks has also documented the importance of several other factors for the formation/maintenance of friendships, it has paid little attention to how different factors might interact. Surprisingly little attention has also been paid to how culturally constructed desires and beliefs might influence friend selection. Focusing on social categories relating to immigration background and religiosity, this research examines how homophily interacts with, or is affected by, a school’s classroom organization, and whether students’ beliefs and desires influence the formation and maintenance of friendships. Specifically, the four studies that constitute the second part of this work examine (1) whether native/immigrant background homophily varies depending on whether ties are formed/maintained within or across classroom boundaries, (2) whether adolescents tend to select friends with similar preferences for cultural diversity, and whether reporting a stronger preference for cultural diversity is associated with i) having more friends in school and ii) being more inclined to select dissimilar friends with respect to parents’ birth region, (3) whether adolescents tend to select similar friends in terms of religiosity (defined as the importance attributed to religion), and whether adolescents are influenced by the religiosity of their friends, and finally (4) whether selection of friends with similar beliefs brings with it similarity among friends in terms of behaviors such as alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking. All four studies are based on three observations of the complete friendship network of a cohort of adolescents during the first year in upper secondary education (N=115) and statistical models for social network analysis, so-called stochastic actor-oriented models. The results suggest adolescents’ inclination to select similar friends in terms of social categories varies with a school’s classroom structure and (for a smaller number of students) diversity preferences. Diversity preferences are also found to play a role in friend selection processes in other ways. In addition, so is religiously. Friend selection based on similarity in religiosity is found to lead to similarity among friends with respect to drinking behaviors. These findings suggest that considering the interplay between different tie formation mechanisms as well as individual desires and beliefs can be important for better understanding the evolution of social networks.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Submitted. Paper 2: Submitted. Paper 3: Submitted. Paper 4: Submitted.
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Drobac, Peter. "Christian friendship and adelphopoiesis". Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2004. http://www.tren.com.
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Scholes, Stephanie. "From Intervention to Friendship". DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1183.
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Friendship is one of the hallmarks of social competence, yet few studies of interventions intended to increase social competence have evaluated their effectiveness through the formation of friendships. Peer-mediated interventions have been found to increase social competency and improve sociometric peer acceptance. Based on these findings from previous research, this study evaluated the effects of a peer-mediated intervention on the formation of reciprocal friendship for preschool children with disabilities. Evaluation using behavioral observations and sociometric nominations of friendship from classmates suggest that participation in a peer-mediated intervention may precipitate friendship formation.
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Walters, Benjamin James. "More than Words: An Examination of Intimate Expression in Men’s Homosocial Friendships". Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367716.
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Despite a history of high quality research in the area, division exists within literature examining gender and communication regarding the degree to which men experience platonic intimacy in their homosocial friendships. Dominant theoretical approaches range from those suggesting that communication behaviours typical of men’s friendships are unemotive and, therefore, lacking in intimacy (e.g., Gupta et al., 2013; Levy, 2005; Reisman, 1990); to those suggesting that men’s friendships feature overt emotional intimacy, such as vulnerable disclosure (e.g., Batalha, Reynolds, & Newbigin, 2011; Hyde, 2005; Walker, 1994). The present research aimed to examine the various modes of expressing intimacy men employed within a friendship context (Study 1), the degree to which this expression met men’s needs for intimacy (Studies 1 and 3), and the impact of contextual factors and individual subscription to masculine role norms on men’s use of various modes of expression (Study 2). A mixed methods design was employed to assess intimacy in accordance with men’s subjective definitions. Importantly, studies were designed with the limiting implicit assumptions of some previous research in mind (such as the assumption that covert expression is inherently less intimate than vulnerable expression; and that masculinity is inherently incongruent with vulnerable expression). In doing this, the present research attempted to gain new perspective on hitherto unresolved issues in this area of research.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology (PhD ClinPsych)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
Full Text
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Swenson, Lisa M. "The influence of friendship, friendship quality, and gender on collaborative processes and performance". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1556.
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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2000.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 86 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-54).
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Smith, Rhiannon L. Rose Amanda J. "Social perspective-taking in the friendships of adolescents implications for friendship quality and emotional adjustment /". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6542.
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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on January 22, 2010). Thesis advisor: Dr. Amanda J. Rose. Includes bibliographical references.
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Doyle, James J. "Understanding "spiritual friendship" in Aelred of Rievaulx". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.
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Parsons, Preston David Sunabacka. "A friendship for others : Bonhoeffer and Bethge on the theology and practice of friendship". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271115.
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This study considers the theology and practice of friendship in Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s academic writing, his pastoral work and thought, his involvement in the Abwehr plot, and his prison letters, taking special interest in the influence of Eberhard Bethge on Bonhoeffer and the influence of Bonhoeffer on Bethge. Friendship, as a locus of interpretation, also provides a fresh perspective on other aspects of Bonhoeffer’s thought, including ecclesiology, divine and human agency, eschatology, vicarious representation, concrete ethics and the divine command, politics, freedom, and obedience. Part I of the dissertation investigates Bonhoeffer’s theology before Bethge. In Sanctorum Communio, Bonhoeffer’s doctoral dissertation and first book, friendship is described as a community that is oriented to God’s creation and eschatological future, and the friend can participate in Christ’s redeeming work through ecclesial practices of Stellvertretung. Bonhoeffer’s failed friendship with Helmut Rößler, and his remarks about friendship within the context of his ministry in London and about the relation between ethics and the concrete command, offer insight into his theology of friendship as a political and ecclesiastical phenomenon in the context of the Third Reich. Part II of the dissertation looks at the theological influence Bonhoeffer and Bethge had on one another. At Finkenwalde, we begin to see this mutual influence begin to take shape, where freedom and obedience become part of the foundation of Bonhoeffer’s later concept of the Spielraum, and where we begin to see Stellvertretung, as a practice, take place between them. In the prison correspondence and through the influence of Bethge, Bonhoeffer develops the idea of the “realm of freedom” (der Spielraum der Freiheit), an expansion of Bonhoeffer’s theology of the mandates, where freedom and friendship become part of his understanding of social and political life. Integrating these theological and biographical resources, the study makes the constructive argument that a friend can be a theological Stellvertreter, taking into special account the particularity of the friend and mutuality that is characteristic of friendship. Through this participation in Christ’s redeeming work, its ecclesial location, and its political significance, a friendship can be for others.
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Mehta, Clare M. "An examination of factors contributing to adolescents' proportion of same-sex friends". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4853.
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Hardy, Cindy L. "Friendship formation in early adolescence". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ44865.pdf.
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Forman, Gideon. "Friendship in the Peace Movement". Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59882.
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The thesis suggests a way in which the peace movement can make itself attractive to citizens. It begins with the assumption that the movement should satisfy some of their personal needs. One such need is that of relief from the pains of anxiety. Drawing upon Heidegger, the thesis outlines two of these pains--impotence and unheimlichkeit--and shows why we experience them. Then, using Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, it explains why true friendship is a positive response to the pains. True friends further each other's courage, a virtue whose possession helps them to weather impotence. True friends are, in fundamental ways, the same as one another: Their partial identity counters the effects of non-humans whose radical otherness makes the partners feel unheimlich.A movement which promotes true friendship within its ranks--and publicizes this fact--will likely attract new members and have success in retaining old ones. The last chapter discusses, in concrete terms, how friendship among movement members can be fostered.
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Van, Rensburg Erma J. "Love and friendship in cyberspace". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52328.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since its birth in the early 1960's the Internet has been growing exponentially in all areas and it is predicted that by the year 2002, 490 million people around the world will have Internet access. Similarly, a rapidly increasing number of people are finding themselves working and playing on the Internet, using computer mediated communication (CMC) to converse, exchange information, debate, court, and show compassion. As a result CMC has become a new way for people to find or meet each other via social Internet tools and form and develop personal relationships. Malcolm R. Parks (1997) compiled a theory of relational development, incorporating seven dimensions along which the nature of interaction changes as relationships develop or deteriorate: 1. Interdependence (influence on each other), 2. Breadth (variety of interaction), 3. Depth (intimacy of interaction), 4. Commitment (expectations that a relationship will continue), 5. Predictability and understanding (familiarity with each other), 6. Code change (creating own linguistic forms and culture) and 7. Network convergence (introducing each other to respective online contacts and social networks). This study investigated the relational development reached in interpersonal relationships initiated and maintained online via social Internet tools. As mainly South Africans responded, results provide first time information about South African Web users' online relationships. Results show that the majority of online relationships reached above average levels of relational development as measured by elevated scores on most of the seven dimensions. The results also show significant differences between the levels of relational development reached in online friendships as opposed to online romantic attachments. The results are consistent with past research and could be used as a point of departure for further investigations into South African's Internet social practices and relational development in online settings.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Internet het, sedert sy oorsprong in die vroee 1960's, eksponensieel gegroei tot die mate dat, teen die jaar 2002, 'n voorspelde 490 miljoen mense wereldwyd Internet toegang sal he. Daar is net so 'n dramatiese toename in die hoeveelheid mense wat die Internet begin gebruik ten einde te werk en te speel, deur CMC (computer mediated communication) te gebruik om te gesels, te debatteer, inligting uit te ruil, mekaar die hof te maak en ondersteuning te verleen. As gevolg hiervan is CMC 'n nuwe platform waar mense mekaar ontmoet deur sosiale Internet instrumente in te span en op hierdie wyse persoonlike verhoudings te begin. Malcolm R. Parks (1997) het 'n teorie van relasionele ontwikkeling saamgestel, waarvolgens hy die sewe dimensies wat verander soos verhoudings groei of disintegreer, inkorporeer. Die dimensies is: 1. Interafhanklikheid (invloed op mekaar), 2. Breedte (variasie van interaksie), 3. Diepte (intimiteit van interaksie), 4. Verbintenis (verwagting dat die verhouding sal hou), 5. Voorspelbaarheid en begrip (bekend wees met mekaar), 6. Kode verandering (nuwe taalvorme en idiome) en 7. Netwerk konversie (om mekaar bekend te stel aan elektroniese en ander kontakte). Hierdie studie het die relasionele ontwikkeling ondersoek wat bereik is deur interpersoonlike verhoudinge wat deur middel van 'n sosiale Internet instrument ge'inisieer en onderhou is. Hoofsaaklik Suid-Afrikaners het deelgeneem en vir die eerste keer is statistiek oor Suid- Afrikaanse Internet gebruikers se elektroniese vehoudings beskikbaar. Resuitate toon dat die meerderheid van die verhoudings hoer as gemiddelde vlakke van relasionele ontwikkeling bereik het, 5005 gemeet deur die sewe dimensies. Die resultate wys ook dat daar 'n betekenisvolle verskil is tussen die relasionele ontwikkeling van elektroniese vriendskappe en romantiese verbintenisse. Die resultate stem ooreen met vorige studies en vorm 'n stewige grondslag vir verdere navorsing oor Suid-Afrikaners se sosiale Internet praktyke en verhoudings.
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Sebastian, Barbara J. "Friendship Community and Fitness Center". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35329.
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I propose to design a facility that will be both a fitness center and a community center. The building will integrate a fragmented site, making the site a cohesive whole and making all parts of the site navigable through extensive terracing, inside and outside the structure. Emphasis will be placed on making the community center more important visually than its larger counterpart, the fitness center.Master of Architecture
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Long, Janie Kathryn. "Social provisions in adult friendship". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53843.
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This empirical study examined the social provisions that adults felt they received from friendship as well as what they desired from friendship and explored discrepancies between what was received and desired. The social provisions were distinguished as: attachment, social integration, reliable alliance, guidance, reassurance of worth, and opportunity for nurturance. The study sought to provide a comprehensive picture of adult friendship by examining multiple predictor variables. The independent variables were subdivided into three categories: selfperception (personality type, gender orientation, selfesteem, and psychological well-being), family intimacy (intimacy with parents, siblings, and spouse) and personal attributes (age, sex, and marital status).
The investigation was conducted in Blacksburg, Virginia. Respondents were drawn from a random sampling of faculty and staff members of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. The Total Design Method for mail surveys was applied to meet the objectives of the research (Dillman, 1978). A total of 449 questionnaires were completed and returned, representing a response rate of 65%.
Regression analysis was used to address the research questions. The results of the study indicate that individual characteristics do indeed affect an individual's perceptions of the meaning and adequacy of friend relationships. The findings underscored the importance of using multiple explanatory variables in a study of this nature. However, the self-perception variables proved to be more predictive than the family intimacy or personal attributes variables. The extraverted personality type was the most significant independent variable having the greatest relative influence in ten of the eighteen regressions. The feeling personality type was also very significant.
Because friendship is a voluntary association, expressions of personality characteristics may be more evident than in other relationships. The fact that the personality variables were such strong predictors in this study suggests that further research is needed in this area. Also, the results of the study indicate the need to include both gender orientation and sex as variables in future research because both were significant in this study.Ph. D.
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Horton, Sarah. "Rethinking Friendship: Fidelity within Finitude". Thesis, Boston College, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109031.
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Thesis advisor: Richard KearneyThis dissertation asks what it means to be faithful to the friend. From Aristotle onward friendship has often been taken as the foundation of political life, but as it is a private relation that excludes many fellow citizens, fidelity to the friend may conflict with the duties of citizenship and endanger the political realm. What is more, one can never be perfectly faithful to one’s friend, so is true friendship impossible? I argue that friendship, though always a risk, directs us toward a justice that is higher than the political. Moreover, friendship is a great good that is suited to our finitude. While our finitude renders perfect fidelity impossible, it is also the horizon within which alone friendship can take place. Friendship is possible for those who admit its impossibility, who love precisely that the other – whether the other person or a language – escapes them.Chapter 1 considers selected ancient and medieval examinations of friendship in order to clarify friendship’s unstable place in the borderlands of hostility and hospitality. Only the dispossession of the self opens it to alterity. Thus if friendship is possible, it is possible only between strangers, not citizens secure in their ipseity. To bind people into a community, it must also shatter open any community in which they believe themselves to be comfortably at home. Chapter 2 further explores, in light of Emmanuel Levinas’ ethics, the conflict between friendship and one’s obligation to others. Levinas posits a self who is absolutely responsible for every other according to an asymmetrical ethical relation; how then can one prefer the friend to others? I reply that friendship serves as a forceful reminder of the singularity of the other and of the inadequacy of the comparisons among people that politics must employ to determine whose interests will win out. Friendship is not, however, only a signpost that points to ethics: it is a good that needs no justification to be worthwhile. Chapter 3 proposes that friendship arises from our finitude. Drawing on Emmanuel Falque’s work, I maintain that finitude is a positive good that is suited to humans. Friends translate the world for each other – but what of the fact that translation is always unfaithful? It is impossible, as Jacques Derrida has emphasized, to maintain infinite fidelity to the friend, but this impossibility is constitutive of friendship. Stepping beyond this horizon would not lead to better friendships but would destroy the possibility of friendship by taking us outside the limits that constitute humanity, when it is as humans that we love each other in friendship. Chapter 4 further investigates the possibility of friendship by taking up the suggestion, raised in Marcel Proust’s In Search of Lost Time, that friendship is an illusion because it pretends to offer knowledge of another even though such knowledge is impossible. I argue that a careful reading of the Search reveals that writing itself functions as an act of friendship: the narrator discovers that through writing his world can encounter the worlds of others. True friendship is a relation across absence. Finally, chapter 5 shows how the promise of fidelity to the friend constitutes the self: the promise creates the very world that the self is called to translate for the friend. I conclude that although one can never achieve perfect fidelity to the friend, this is no reason to despair of fidelity: the very infidelity of the self’s witness to the friend may still bear witness to the friend’s irreplaceability. Bearing witness to the friend is a task to be undertaken in fear and trembling but also in gratitude and joy, for friendship is a great good of our existence within finitude
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2020
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Philosophy
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Hoosen-Shakeel, Shameela. "Gender differences in friendship selection and friendship quality of children with and without learning disabilities". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29158.pdf.
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McDougall, Patricia Anne. "Charting the territory of cross-gender friendship : conceptions of friendship and the selection of friends". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq27199.pdf.
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Östlund, Pernilla. "The power of friendship : Can friendship between ethnic groups reduce prejudices in multi-ethnic Suriname?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412741.
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Goodwin, Amanda G. "Friendship Formation and Maintenance: Examining Friendship Patterns of Homosexual Men and Heterosexual Women in Close Relationships". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/GoodwinAG2003.pdf.
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Parker, Sandra. "Conceptions of friendship: how women and men perceive themselves and others in the context of their friendships". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28965.
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This study examined the ways in which women and men view themselves and their women and men friends, in the context of their friendships. Ninety-five female and 95 male undergraduates completed the Friendship Questionnaire, in which they rated each of their closest friends, and rated themselves with each of those friends, on 13 dimensions of friendship. Test-retest procedures demonstrated the measure had satisfactory reliability. The general results are reflected in three patterns of friendship: 1) relationships with men friends tend to be less reciprocal than relationships with women friends in self disclosure, empathic understanding, deepening other's self awareness, and responsibility; 2) men's same-sex relationships tend to be lower in appreciation, empathic understanding, deepening other's self awareness, responsibility, and empowerment; and 3) women tend to report that they give more than they receive in friendships with women and men, on empathic understanding, self disclosure, and connectedness. The results of this study support the notion that although there is more commonality than difference in women's and men's friendships, many significant differences do exist. Further, this methodology illustrates the importance of studying people's conceptions of themselves and their friendships within the context of their specific real-life relationships.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Abraham, Michelle M. "Early Adolescent Friendship and Self-Esteem". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1216321700.
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Kwok, Suk-ying. "Primary children's perceptions of friendship: friendship quality and its effects on peer acceptance, socialdissatisfaction and loneliness". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29789795.
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Richard, Jacques F. "A typology of children's friendship motivation". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6233.
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In this study, correlates of children's motivation to form friendships are examined using the Friendship Motivation Scale for Children (FMSC), a new scale designed to assess the motivational dimensions that contribute to children's desire for friendships. Specifically, the FMSC consists of four subscales that measure intrinsic motivation, two forms of regulation for extrinsic motivation (identified and external), and amotivation. The results, obtained with a sample of 490 fifth-, sixth-, and seventh-grade boys and girls, confirmed the factor structure of the scale for both genders and revealed adequate reliability (i.e., internal consistency and test-retest stability). Construct validity of the scale was demonstrated by (a) correlations among the four subscales displaying a simplex pattern, and thus supporting the underlying theoretical model (i.e., self-determination continuum), (b) positive correlations between subscales situated at the high end of the self-determination continuum (i.e., intrinsic motivation and identified regulation) and a relationship-maintaining goal, positive correlations between subscales situated at the low end of the self-determination continuum (i.e., external regulation and amotivation) and a revenge goal, and a positive correlation between external regulation and a control goal, (c) positive correlations between self-determined friendship motivation and items assessing the global importance of friendships, and (d) positive correlations between self-determination scores from members of friendship dyads. Furthermore, analyses revealed the existence of several correlates of children's friendship motivation. Children who were more self-determined in their motivation to form friendships were preferred by their peers, and they reported greater perceived social competence, a more internal locus of control of social experience, greater social support from family members, best friend and teacher, and fewer feelings of loneliness and social dissatisfaction. Moreover, loneliness was partially predicted by the discrepancy between children's friendship motivation and presence or absence of a best friend. Finally, girls reported greater self-determined friendship motivation than boys, and gender differences were observed in the relationships between friendship motivation and some of its correlates (i.e., one item stating that friendship is more important than popularity, peer preference, number of reciprocated friends, and having a mutual best friend).
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Lienert, Tania Marie, i Tlienert@latrobe edu au. "Relating Women : Lesbian Experience of Friendship". La Trobe University. Communication, Arts and Critical Enquiry, 2003. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20041006.114625.
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Friends are of crucial importance to lesbians� lives, their significance heightened due to lack of acceptance from blood family, work colleagues and society. Despite a proliferation of literature on lesbians� love relationships, lesbians� friendships remain understudied. In the light of theorising about widespread shifts in intimacy patterns in modern industrial societies, this thesis examines the role of friendship for contemporary lesbians. It takes an interdisciplinary approach, using lesbian feminist, feminist psychological and mainstream sociological theories to interpret lesbians� negotiations of their friendships and preoccupations with their own continually developing sense of self. The study finds that firstly, the most significant issue in negotiating friendships is deciding on a lesbian identity despite socialisation to �compulsory heterosexuality�. Friends are expected to be accepting and supportive or they are lost. Discrimination, the fact that the lover is the �best friend�, struggles with difference in lesbian communities, time constraints and a more general shift to individualism mean that community and family contacts are replaced by small, supportive and affirming friendship networks. These meet needs and within them lesbians negotiate a sense of self, but for the most part with no template of political consciousness. Secondly, while friendships are important, they are also difficult. The fluidity of the friendship relationship, blurred boundaries between friends and lovers, and women�s moral �imperative to care� all provide barriers to communication. Thirdly, while lesbians value �the relational self�, a confident sense of self is challenged when close-connected relationships sit at odds both with mainstream, heterocentric culture, and with traditional models of psychology which promote independence and separateness. Lesbians who are confident communicators, who have access to alternative feminist discourses which value relatedness, and who, together with their friends, are open to change, are able to negotiate satisfactory friendships and relationships. The study demonstrates lesbians� complex subjectivities as changing selves are negotiated through friendships, love relationships and communities, particularly through experiences of loss.
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Wong, Benjamin K. S. "Justice and friendship in Xenophon's Memorabilia". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ28084.pdf.
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Pleydon, Anne P. "Female adolescent friendship and delinquent behaviour". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq39151.pdf.
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Hawkey, Janice B. "Adolescent friendship and bullying at school". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0001/MQ45325.pdf.
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Lucas, Janine. "Assessing the friendship skills of children /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SPS/09spsl933.pdf.
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fazlollahi, Afag S. "Elizabeth Carter's Legacy: Friendship and Ethics". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_diss/69.
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"Elizabeth Carter's Legacy: Friendship and Ethics" examines the written evidence about the relationships between Elizabeth Carter and her father, Dr. Nocolas Carte; Catherine Talbot; Sir William Pulteney (Lord Bath); and Samuel Johnson to explain how intellectual and personal relationships may become the principal ethical sdource of human happiness. Based on their own set of moral values, such as intellectual and individual liberty and equality, the relationships between Carter and her friends challenged eighteenth-century traditional norms of human relationships.
The primary source of this study, Carter's poetry and prose, including her letters, present the poet's experience of intellectual and individual friendship, reflecting Aristotle's ethics, specifically his moral teaching that views friendship as a human good contributing to human happiness--to the chief human good. Carter's poems devoted to her friends, such as Dr. Carter, Talbot, Montagu, Lord Bath, as well as her "A Dialogue" between Body and Mind, demonstrate her ethical legacy, her specific moral principles that elevated human relationships and human life. Carter's discussion of human relationships introduces the moral necessity of ethics in human life.
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Young, Elizabeth Helen. "Friendship in the face of death". Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270984.
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Fung, Po-ling, i 馮寶玲. "Friendship formation of new arrival adolescents". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31961617.
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Gardiner, Coral Elizabeth. "Mentoring : towards an improved professional friendship". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2008. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/187/.
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In this thesis, I develop and then test an approach to mentoring that after Clutterbuck (1991), I call, Professional Friendship. This is to better understand the role of mentoring more broadly and that of learning mentors in particular. My hypothesis examines the problem of: ‘To what extent is professional friendship a core component of successful mentoring relationships?’ I begin with an examination of the importance of mentoring generally and the role of the learning mentor specifically, before critically accessing the literature on both to date. I then explain the origin of Professional Friendship and give my own definition, before testing its validity in a study of the role of learning mentors in a large West Midlands Education Service. I use five sources of data: a systematic literature search; a mentee questionnaire; a set of mentoring case studies provided mainly by mentors; in depth interviews with mentors; and my own lived experience. The data shows me that Professional Friendship is a core component of successful mentoring relationships and that may be of broad benefit; certainly it is useful in assessing the role of learning mentors. However, the analysis also leads me to suggest ways in which the construct can be adapted and improved.
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Block, Per. "A situational understanding of friendship networks". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4b954504-4bd2-4cef-a949-8e102d05939d.
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The structure of social networks, and people's position within these networks, are important predictors of many individual and group-level outcomes. One type of social networks that is regularly studied are the mutually interdependent relations of friends. This thesis focusses on friendship networks between adolescents in the context of schools. Arguably the most important and consistently found regularities in adolescent friendship networks are i) the tendency of friendships to be mutual, called reciprocity; ii) their tendency to cluster in groups, known as transitivity; and iii) the tendency of friendships to be present between those that are similar to one another, called homophily. Various social theories originating in different disciplines have theoretically proposed and empirically found micro-mechanisms that explain the regular occurrence of these substructures in friendship networks. This thesis introduces a framework of how the relation between these different networks tendencies can be understood. I propose that each of the three network evolution mechanisms can be connected to a type of social situation in which friends interact to form and maintain their friendships. Social situations that are dyadic and only involve two persons are connected to reciprocal friendships. Group-based social situations, on the other hand, are related to transitivity and homophily, where the groups are either defined socially or through common characteristics. Starting from this proposition, I suggest that when two adolescents share one forum for interaction with one another, i.e. they regularly meet within one of the social situations, meeting in additional other situations does not increase the likelihood of a friendship tie existing as much as could be expected from the sum of the effect of meeting in either situation. Consequently, I expect a negative interaction between the different network mechanisms. After a series of empirical analyses that support the outlined reasoning, I use the developed perspective to investigate how the micro-mechanisms contribute differentially to the creation of newly formed friendships and to the maintenance of already existing friendships. Finally, I show how a situational understanding of friendship can be used to differentiate which friendships are most important for social influence and for peer pressure.
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Hermann, G. "Ritualised friendship and the Greek city". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272912.
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