Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Freshwater invertebrates”
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Spis treści
Zobacz listy aktualnych artykułów, książek, rozpraw, streszczeń i innych źródeł naukowych na temat „Freshwater invertebrates”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Freshwater invertebrates"
1
Dalbina, Saltanat Serikbekovna, Meruert Galymovna Kuanyshbaeva i Gulnara Sikimbaevna Saparova. "FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES OF LAKE ZAISAN". Globus 7, nr 7(64) (4.11.2021): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52013/2658-5197-64-7-4.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In this article, freshwater invertebrates are studied. Lake Zaisan is considered as an object. The article updates the list of invertebrate fauna of Lake Zaisan, which is currently relevant. The article presents steps for collecting invertebrates and determining their species composition. According to the results of the study, the species composition of thirty-nine invertebrates was determined. The author notes that the species composition of invertebrates is higher on the coast than in the lake environment, that is, the number of planktonic invertebrates is higher than that of benthos invertebrates. The author notes that the Reed thickets and kelp areas along the Lake Shore are a favorable environment for the growth of benthos organisms, that is, the predominance of benthos invertebrates, and on the sandy shores of the lake there are no invertebrates. In the course of the study, it was found that the lake is dominated by OAR-footed Scorpions, oligochetes, chironomid larvae, ashamurt Scorpions, slug worms. High-altitude Scorpions, leeches, leeches, and water mites are rare. The article considers the problem of reducing the water level of Lake Zaisan from one hundred to five hundred meters over the past year. It is worth noting that the number of benthos organisms has also decreased, as the areas of coastal reeds and algae have dried up. In addition, it is concluded that the ichthyofauna of the lake has also decreased. The result of this research work can be applied to the standard curriculum of the discipline zoology. The information contained in the article can be used by students studying at biological faculties of higher educational institutions, biology teachers in secondary schools. It will be interesting for secondary schools near Lake zaisan to use the identified invertebrates and their photos as a local component.
2
Macadam, C. R. "Freshwater aquatic invertebrates on the Isle of May, Scotland". Glasgow Naturalist 27, nr 3 (2021): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37208/tgn27323.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The invertebrate fauna of freshwater habitats on the Isle of May, Scotland was investigated and compared with the results from surveys undertaken in 1958. Overall, the freshwater invertebrate fauna appears to be diminished. However, several species were recorded as new to the Isle of May. Although the reasons for the apparent decline in freshwater invertebrates on the island are unclear, an increase in the temporary nature of the habitats due to climate warming may be a contributing factor.
3
Hills, Kasey A., Ross V. Hyne i Ben J. Kefford. "Species of freshwater invertebrates that are sensitive to one saline water are mostly sensitive to another saline water but an exception exists". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, nr 1764 (3.12.2018): 20180003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0003.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Coal mining and extraction of methane from coal beds generate effluent with elevated salinity or major ion concentrations. If discharged to freshwater systems, these effluents may have adverse environmental effects. There is a growing body of work on freshwater invertebrates that indicates variation in the proportion of major ions can be more important than salinity when determining toxicity. However, it is not known if saline toxicity in a subset of species is representative of toxicity across all freshwater invertebrates. If patterns derived from a subset of species are representative of all freshwater invertebrates, then we would expect a correlation in the relative sensitivity of these species to multiple saline waters. Here, we determine if there is a correlation between the acute (96 h) lethal toxicity in freshwater invertebrates to synthetic marine salts (SMS) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) added to dechlorinated Sydney tap water. NaHCO 3 is a major component of many coal bed effluents. However, most salinization in Australia exhibits ionic composition similar to seawater, which has very little HCO 3 − . Across all eight species tested, NaHCO 3 was 2–50 times more toxic than SMS. We also observed strong correlations in the acute toxicity of seven of the tested species to SMS and NaHCO 3 . The strongest relationship (LC50 r 2 = 0.906) was dependent on the exclusion of one species, Paratya australiensis (Decopoda: Atyidae), which was the most sensitive species tested to NaHCO 3 , but the second-most tolerant of SMS. We conclude that differences in the toxicity of different proportions of major ions can be similar across a wide range of species. Therefore, a small subset of the invertebrate community can be representative of the whole. However, there are some species, which based on the species tested in the current study appear to be a minority, that respond differently to saline effluent and need to be considered separately. We discuss the implications of this study for the management of saline coal bed waters. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects'.
4
Bilton, David T., Joanna R. Freeland i Beth Okamura. "Dispersal in Freshwater Invertebrates". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 32, nr 1 (listopad 2001): 159–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114016.
Pełny tekst źródła
5
Fujita, D. S., A. M. Takeda, R. Coutinho i F. C. Fernandes. "Influence of antifouling paint on freshwater invertebrates (Mytilidae, Chironomidae and Naididae): density, richness and composition". Brazilian Journal of Biology 75, nr 4 suppl 1 (27.11.2015): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.05114.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract We conducted a study about invertebrates on artificial substrates with different antifouling paints in order to answer the following questions 1) is there lower accumulation of organic matter on substrates with antifouling paints, 2) is invertebrate colonization influenced by the release of biocides from antifouling paints, 3) is the colonization of aquatic invertebrates positively influenced by the material accumulated upon the substrate surface and 4) is the assemblage composition of invertebrates similar among the different antifouling paints? To answer these questions, four structures were installed in the Baía River in February 1st, 2007. Each structure was composed of 7 wood boards: 5 boards painted with each type of antifouling paints (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5), one painted only with the primer (Pr) and the other without any paint (Cn). After 365 days, we observed a greater accumulation of organic matter in the substrates with T2 and T3 paint coatings. Limnoperna fortunei was recorded in all tested paints, with higher densities in the control, primer, T2 and T3. The colonization of Chironomidae and Naididae on the substrate was positively influenced by L. fortunei density. The non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) of the invertebrate community provided evidence of the clear distinction of invertebrate assemblages among the paints. Paints T2 and T3 were the most similar to the control and primer. Our results suggest that antifouling paints applied on substrates hinder invertebrate colonization by decreasing the density and richness of invertebrates.
6
Rennie, Michael D., Ted Ozersky i David O. Evans. "Effects of formalin preservation on invertebrate stable isotope values over decadal time scales". Canadian Journal of Zoology 90, nr 11 (listopad 2012): 1320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z2012-101.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Stable isotope values derived from chemically preserved organisms are a valuable resource for documenting long-term ecosystem changes. However, isotopic correction factors of preservation effects applied to samples stored for decades are frequently based on studies lasting only months, assuming that the effects of preservation stabilize within a short time frame. Very few studies test this critical assumption. We validated this assumption for formalin-preserved invertebrate tissues, finding no significant difference between mean isotopic δ13C and δ15N values of material stored 1–15 years across taxa. Preservation effects were evaluated for Amphipoda, Chironomidae, Dreissenidae, Ephemeroptera, Gastropoda, Isopoda, Sphaeridae, Oligochaeta, and Trichoptera. On average, freshwater benthos δ13C was lower by approximately 2‰ after formalin fixation, whereas δ15N values were not different from control samples. Fixation effects were similar among taxa, but were more pronounced in Gastropoda and Sphaeridae for δ13C and in Trichoptera for δ15N. We reviewed the literature to show that preserved freshwater zooplankton δ13C were slightly but significantly lower relative to control samples (–0.2‰) and higher in δ15N (+0.25‰). The mean decline among marine invertebrate δ13C was greater than for freshwater invertebrates after 1+ years of formalin preservation, but effects on δ15N were not different between marine and freshwater invertebrates.
7
Abelho, Manuela, Rui Ribeiro i Matilde Moreira-Santos. "Salinity Affects Freshwater Invertebrate Traits and Litter Decomposition". Diversity 13, nr 11 (21.11.2021): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13110599.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
We evaluated the effect of seawater intrusion in coastal ecosystems on the freshwater invertebrate community and on leaf litter decomposition under realistic scenarios in six outdoor freshwater mesocosms containing fauna and flora, to which increasing volumes of seawater were added. The resulting salinity values were 0.28 (control, freshwater only), 2.0, 3.3, 5.5, 9.3, and 15.3 mS cm−1. The effect of salinity was assessed for 65 days after seawater intrusion, by computing the deviation of values in each treatment in relation to the control. Our results show that seawater intrusion into freshwaters will affect the invertebrate communities and organic matter decomposition, with salinities of up to 3.3–5.5 mS cm−1 having opposite effects to salinities of more than 9.3 mS cm−1. There was a net negative effect of the two highest salinities on mass loss and richness of the invertebrates associated with the decomposing leaves. Regarding the invertebrate communities of the mesocosms, there was a net negative effect of the intermediate salinity levels on abundance and richness. Invertebrate life cycle traits conferring resilience and resistance tended to increase with low and decrease with high salinity values, while avoidance traits showed an opposite trend, and these responses were more pronounced on the later stage community. These wave-like responses of the invertebrate species traits to increasing salinity suggest that the life-history and physiological adaptations most suitable to cope with osmotic stress will differ between low and high salinity levels.
8
Behrens-Chapuis, Simone, Fabian Herder i Matthias F. Geiger. "Adding DNA barcoding to stream monitoring protocols – What’s the additional value and congruence between morphological and molecular identification approaches?" PLOS ONE 16, nr 1 (4.01.2021): e0244598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244598.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Although aquatic macroinvertebrates and freshwater fishes are important indicators for freshwater quality assessments, the morphological identification to species-level is often impossible and thus especially in many invertebrate taxa not mandatory during Water Framework Directive monitoring, a pragmatism that potentially leads to information loss. Here, we focus on the freshwater fauna of the River Sieg (Germany) to test congruence and additional value in taxa detection and taxonomic resolution of DNA barcoding vs. morphology-based identification in monitoring routines. Prior generated morphological identifications of juvenile fishes and aquatic macroinvertebrates were directly compared to species assignments using the identification engine of the Barcode of Life Data System. In 18% of the invertebrates morphology allowed only assignments to higher systematic entities, but DNA barcoding lead to species-level assignment. Dissimilarities between the two approaches occurred in 7% of the invertebrates and in 1% of the fishes. The 18 fish species were assigned to 20 molecular barcode index numbers, the 104 aquatic invertebrate taxa to 113 molecular entities. Although the cost-benefit analysis of both methods showed that DNA barcoding is still more expensive (5.30–8.60€ per sample) and time consuming (12.5h), the results emphasize the potential to increase taxonomic resolution and gain a more complete profile of biodiversity, especially in invertebrates. The provided reference DNA barcodes help building the foundation for metabarcoding approaches, which provide faster sample processing and more cost-efficient ecological status determination.
9
Wood, Timothy S. "Aquarium Culture of Freshwater Invertebrates". American Biology Teacher 58, nr 1 (1.01.1996): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4450072.
Pełny tekst źródła
10
Zalizniak, Liliana, Ben J. Kefford i Dayanthi Nugegoda. "Is all salinity the same? I. The effect of ionic compositions on the salinity tolerance of five species of freshwater invertebrates". Marine and Freshwater Research 57, nr 1 (2006): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf05103.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Salts of marine origin, predominantly consisting of Na+ and Cl− ions, are dominant in most Australian inland saline waters. The proportions of other ions, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42–, HCO3− and CO32–, in the water may influence salinity tolerance of freshwater organisms and thus the effect of increasing salinity may vary with difference in ionic proportions. We exposed freshwater invertebrates to different concentrations of four ionic compositions and compared them with commercial sea salt (Ocean Nature). They were: synthetic Ocean Nature (ONS) and three saline water types (ONS but without: SO42–, HCO3− and CO32– (S1); Ca2+, HCO3− and CO32– (S2); and Ca2+ and Mg2+ (S3)), which are considered to be the predominant saline water types in south-eastern Australia and the Western Australian wheatbelt. The 96-h LC50 values for the five media were determined for six invertebrate species and sub-lethal responses were observed for two species. There were no differences between responses of invertebrates to various ionic compositions in acute toxicity tests. However, in prolonged sub-lethal tests, animals reacted differently to the various ionic compositions. The greatest effect was observed in water types lacking Ca, for which plausible physiological mechanisms exist. Variation in ionic proportions should be taken into account when considering sub-lethal effects of salinity on freshwater invertebrates.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Freshwater invertebrates"
1
She, Shu-sheng. "Determinants of macroinvertebrate community structure on stone surfaces in Hong Kong streams /". [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1373149X.
Pełny tekst źródła
2
Chan, King-tung. "Multivariate analysis of benthic macroinvertebrate communities of Hong Kong streams /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18037045.
Pełny tekst źródła
3
She, Shu-sheng, i 佘書生. "Determinants of macroinvertebrate community structure on stone surfaces in Hong Kong streams". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31233879.
Pełny tekst źródła
4
Firkins, Ian. "Environmental tolerances of three species of freshwater crayfish". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11282/.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The only species of crayfish native to the British Isles, i.e. Austropotamobius pallipes, is presently widely distributed throughout much of England, Wales and Ireland. The main controlling factor behind this distribution is the predominantly "bicarbonate" freshwater system of the British Isles. In geological terms, native crayfish are generally found in areas of chalk, carboniferous or magnesium limestone, or drift deposits of boulder clay. More recently, native crayfish have been affected by a general decline in the quality of Britain's freshwater system largely due to sewage effluent and agricultural. By far the majority of native crayfish records are associated with water bodies of very good or good quality, with the result that many populations of A. pallipes are isolated in small, good quality headwaters, due to the degree of pollution in the main rivers acting as "chemical barriers". The last two decades have seen a number of alien species of crayfish imported into England and Wales for aquaculture and culinary purposes. Deliberate and accidental introductions have resulted in the establishment of populations of these species in the wild, the most widespread being the North American signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus and the European slender-clawed crayfish Astacus leptodactylus. An important and devastating consequence of the introduction of alien species of crayfish has been the spread of the crayfish plague fungus Aphanomyces astaci, possibly initiated by infected P. leniusculus. Both A. pallipes and A. leptodactylus are susceptible to the disease, with the result that populations of A. pallipes have been eliminated from, whole lengths of river, such as the River Kennet and the Hampshire River Avon. The nature of the disease and the ease with which it is spread means that crayfish is an ongoing problem in England and Wales, with new populations of A. pallipes regularly becoming affected. The distribution of alien species in the British Isles is an artificial one, initially determined by man, although consideration of water quality may have determined the choice of aquaculture sites. However, established populations of alien species in the wild will be subject to the same constraints as A. pallipes, which will affect their subsequent spread and distribution in the freshwater system of England and Wales. A greater tolerance of environmental factors may allow alien species to inhabit waters not currently occupied by the native species, such as polluted or estuarial waters, and possibly threaten populations of A. pallipes protected by "chemical barriers". This study investigated and compared some of the environmental tolerances of A. pallipes, A. leptodactylus and P. leniusculus and consisted of two parts: 1.) Comparison of the tolerance of A. pallipes, A. leptodactylus and P. leniusculus to four common pollutants; chloride, copper, ammonia and lindane, using lethal and sublethal toxicity tests. No species was found to have a greater overall pollution tolerance on the basis of the toxicants used in this study. Median lethal concentrations (LC50) obtained from lethal studies with stage II juveniles indicated that A. leptodactylus juveniles were most tolerant of chloride, but were very sensitive to lindane. P. leniusculus stage II juveniles were least tolerant of chloride, but of equal or greater tolerance when tested in larger juvenile stages, and were most tolerant of copper. A. pallipes juveniles were very sensitive to copper, and all three species showed a similar sensitivity to ammonia. However, episodic experiments with ammonia and copper indicated that differential short-term tolerance to toxicants, i.e. less than 24 hours, may be important in determining the outcome of episodic pollution events on crayfish populations. Salinity studies indicated high resistance to chloride, with all three species able to tolerate salinities up to 50% seawater, implying freshwater crayfish may be able to tolerate estuarine conditions. Accumulation studies with P. leniusculus inferred resistance to high levels of copper in the environment, with a substantial storage capacity for the metal and a regulatory mechanism for excretion of excess amounts. However, establishment of populations under high saline or high copper conditions would be limited by the lower tolerance of early life stages. Similarly, sublethal studies implied that sublethal toxicant effects on early life stages may be important in determining presence or absence of crayfish from a waterbody, through effects on recruitment. 2.) Comparison of the thermal relations of A. pallipes, A. leptodactylus and P. leniusculus, using tolerance, growth and respiration experiments. Results from tolerance experiments showed that P. leniusculus had a greater overall thermal tolerance, so is more resistant to changes in environmental temperature, such as in waters affected by thermal discharges or in waters affected by drought and reduced flow. In growth experiments P. leniusculus grew faster at all temperatures tested and was predicted to grow at temperatures unsuitable for the other species. Therefore, P. leniusculus would not only be able to survive and grow in conditions unsuitable for A. pallipes and A. leptodactylus, but will also grow faster where favourable conditions exist for all three species. Field experiments showed that, although P. leniusculus juveniles were smaller on release from the female, they were released earlier and their faster growth rate allowed them to maintain a distinct size advantage over A. pallipes juveniles, which was very marked by the end of the growing season. Large size is a key element in the attributes leading to competitive success in other crayfish species. Field observations on mixed populations of plague-free P. leniusculus and A. pallipes indeed show that signal crayfish are superior competitors, eventually eliminating A. pallipes. Therefore temperature effects may be important in determining the outcome of competition in mixed crayfish populations.
5
Rodrigues, Andreia do Carmo Martins. "Combined effects of invasive species and insecticide exposure on freshwater invertebrates". Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22326.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Doutoramento em BiologiaFreshwater invertebrate communities are often exposed to multiple stressors that can disrupt aquatic trophic chains and ecosystem functioning. Insecticide contamination and invasive species are two main anthropogenic stressors of concern in freshwaters. Understanding their combined effects to community structure and vital ecosystem functions present challenges for an improved ecological risk assessment. The main objective of this research was thus to investigate whether the deleterious effects of insecticide pollution may be mediated by the presence of alien invasive species. An integrative study was designed to assess the direct and indirect effects of these actual threats to freshwater benthic communities, from the individual towards the community and ecosystem levels with focus on detritus-based food webs. Chlorantraniliprole (CAP), an anthranilic diamide was selected as model compound due to its novel mode of action that confers specificity for ryanodine receptors of insects. Plus, CAP neurotoxicity can potentially disrupt individual behaviour and chemical communication among freshwater species. In a first step, CAP toxicity was assessed and compared with that from a broad-spectrum pyrethroid. Although CAP revealed less toxicity towards the selected species in comparison with the pyrethroid esfenvalerate (ESF), environmentally relevant concentrations of both insecticides disrupted the feeding behaviour of the shredder Sericostoma vittatum and impaired the development of the collector Chironomus riparius. Further, metabolic costs and sub-organismal effects due to insecticide-induced stress were also assessed with different biochemical biomarkers, revealing high energetic costs in exposed organisms. Two biotic factors of high ecological relevance, predation and resource quality, were selected and effects of two widely distributed invasive species (Procambarus clarkii and Eucalyptus globulus) were also considered. Multiple stressors exposures were then performed in microcosms systems with tri-trophic simplified detritus-based food webs to evaluate effects on leaf decomposition, C. riparius development and shredder-collector interactions. In a first trial, combined effects of CAP exposure and predation risk were tested. Shredders presence drastically increased leaf decomposition, but CAP exposure decreased this ecosystem process. CAP toxicity, predation risk and shredders presence independently lead to decreases on C. riparius growth. Additionally, in similar assays, alder and eucalypt leaf decomposition was reduced under predation risk, impairing larvae growth, being this effect exacerbated in the presence of less nutritive eucalypt leaves. In both assays, C. riparius growth was reduced in the presence of the shredders, suggesting a competition between these species, irrespective of CAP exposure or predation risk. Lastly, freshwater benthic communities were exposed to CAP and invasive species presence in mesocosms systems allowing to test the different combinations of stressors under a more complex and realistic exposure scenario. Community responses to CAP were assessed in the presence of leaf litter of different nutritional value (native A. glutinosa vs invasive E. globulus leaves) and the presence of different predators (native dragonfly Cordulegaster boltonii vs invasive crayfish P. clarkii). A path analysis using structural equation modeling (SEM), was applied to identify, quantify and discriminate between the strength of direct and indirect effects of all stressors and their combination on community structure (macroinvertebrate abundances) and ecosystem function (leaf decomposition and primary production). Environmentally relevant exposure to CAP, presence of crayfish and eucalypt leaves all contribute to changes on macroinvertebrate abundances. Crayfish presence mediated CAP toxicity to collectors and grazers. Shredders and collectors survival was reduced in treatments with eucalypt leaves which also presented lower leaf decomposition in comparison with streams with alder leaves. CAP toxicity towards collectors was magnified in the streams with Eucalyptus leaves. Density-mediated effects were observed and reductions of grazer species lead to increased primary production. In summary, this research showed that predator identity and detritus quality can mediate the effects of insecticide contamination on structural and functional endpoints in benthic freshwater communities and highlights the value of incorporating biotic stressors in ecotoxicological experiments. The present thesis is a contribution to the complex task of assessing the effects of pesticides under a more natural and complex scenario of exposure that is, nevertheless, critical for an effective risk management of freshwater ecosystems near agricultural areas.
As comunidades de invertebrados de água doce estão frequentemente expostas a múltiplas pressões que podem perturbar as cadeias tróficas e funções do ecossistema. A contaminação por inseticidas e a presença de espécies invasoras são duas das principais pressões antropogénicas nestes sistemas. Entender os seus efeitos combinados na estrutura e funções das comunidades é um dos atuais desafios para uma melhor avaliação de risco ecológico. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se os efeitos deletérios da poluição por inseticidas são mediados pela presença de espécies invasoras. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo integrativo dos efeitos diretos e indiretos destas ameaças para as comunidades bentónicas de água doce, medindo respostas ao nível do indivíduo, da comunidade e ecossistema, com foco em cadeias alimentares de detritos. Chlorantraniliprole (CAP), uma diamida antranílica, foi usado como composto modelo devido ao seu modo de ação que lhe confere especificidade pelos recetores de rianodina de insetos. Além disso, a neurotoxicidade do CAP pode perturbar o normal comportamento e comunicação química entre espécies. Primeiramente, a toxicidade do CAP foi avaliada e comparada com a de um piretróide de amplo espectro. Embora o CAP se tenha revelado menos tóxico para as espécies estudadas que o esfenvalerato (ESF), concentrações ambientalmente relevantes de ambos os inseticidas inibiram a alimentação do fragmentador Sericostoma vittatum e diminuíram o desenvolvimento do coletor Chironomus riparius. Os custos metabólicos e os efeitos ao nível suborganismal foram avaliados através de diferentes biomarcadores bioquímicos, revelando elevados custos energéticos para estes invertebrados quando sob stress químico. Os efeitos de dois fatores bióticos de elevada relevância ecológica, predação e qualidade do recurso alimentar, foram estudados e avaliados alterando a sua identidade por duas espécies invasoras (Procambarus clarkii e Eucalyptus globulus) amplamente distribuídas na Europa. Exposições a múltiplos stressores foram então realizadas em sistemas de microcosmos com cadeias alimentares de detritos simplificadas para avaliar a decomposição de folhada, o crescimento de C. riparius e alterações nas interações fragmentador-coletor. Num primeiro ensaio, foram avaliados os efeitos combinados da exposição a CAP e risco de predação. A presença de fragmentadores aumentou consideravelmente as taxas de decomposição da folhada, mas a contaminação por CAP teve o efeito contrário. A toxicidade do CAP, o risco de predação e a presença de fragmentadores contribuíram para o decréscimo do crescimento de C. riparius. Em ensaios similares, a decomposição da folhada de amieiro e eucalipto foi reduzida sob risco de predação, diminuindo o crescimento das larvas, sendo este efeito exacerbado com eucalipto, de menor valor nutricional. Em ambos os ensaios, o crescimento de C. riparius foi reduzido na presença dos fragmentadores, sugerindo uma competição entre estas espécies, independentemente da exposição a CAP ou presença do predador. Por fim, comunidades bentónicas de água doce foram expostas a CAP e presença de espécies invasoras em mesocosmos, permitindo testar as diferentes combinações de stressores sob um cenário de exposição mais relevante. As respostas das comunidades ao CAP foram avaliadas na presença de folhada de diferentes valores nutricionais (da nativa Alnus glutinosa vs folhas da invasora E. globulus) e na presença de diferentes predadores (odonata nativo Cordulegaster boltonii vs lagostim invasor P. clarkii). Para identificar, quantificar e discriminar a magnitude dos diversos efeitos diretos, indiretos e combinados dos vários stressores sobre a estrutura da comunidade (abundância de macroinvertebrados) e função do ecossistema (decomposição foliar e produção primária), utilizou-se um método de análise de equações estruturais (SEM). Concentrações ambientalmente relevantes de CAP, a presença do lagostim e das folhas de eucalipto, contribuíram para alterações na abundância de macroinvertebrados. A presença do lagostim mediou os efeitos tóxicos do CAP para coletores e herbívoros. A sobrevivência dos fragmentadores e coletores foi reduzida nos tratamentos com folhada de eucalipto, que por sua vez também apresentaram menor decomposição em comparação com os rios com folhada de amieiro. A toxicidade do CAP para os coletores foi magnificada em rios com eucalipto como recurso alimentar. Efeitos mediados pela densidade foram observados através da redução de herbívoros que levou ao aumento de produção primária. Em síntese, este estudo demonstra que a identidade do predador e a qualidade dos recursos alimentares podem mediar os efeitos da contaminação por inseticidas em parâmetros estruturais e funcionais das comunidades bentónicas de água doce e destaca o valor da incorporação de stressores bióticos em testes ecotoxicológicos. A presente tese é um contributo para a complexa tarefa de avaliar os efeitos dos pesticidas considerando cenários de exposição ecologicamente relevantes que é, no entanto, crítica para uma avaliação de risco eficaz em ecossistemas de água doce perto de áreas agrícolas.
6
Tan, Thomas Ching-Jen. "Telomere biology in the freshwater planarian Schmidtea mediterranea". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12308/.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Freshwater planarian Schmidtea mediterranea is an emerging model for studying in vivo gene functions and regulation in native cell niches. The obligate asexual strain of this species reproduces by fission, in which succession of soma occurs without passing through the germline. To achieve this somatic immortality the somatic stem cells need to overcome the end replication problem. Therefore it can be hypothesised that somatic telomere maintenance in asexual S. mediterranea must possess a germ-like property, with which age-related erosions can be adequately repaired. In this PhD project, the telomere repeat unit in S. mediterranea was confirmed to be the vertebrate-like TTAGGG. Attrition of whole body telomere length was found in ageing sexual worms and also in asexual worms which had not gone through recent fission events. Opposite telomere length dynamics were observed in regenerated samples of the two strains, with erosion in the sexuals and reset in the asexuals. The telomere maintenance was found to increase during regeneration in both strains, with a higher level of increase in asexual worms. A homolog of the telomerase reverse transcriptase subunit, Smed_Tert, was identified and characterised in this organism. High level of Smed_Tert expression was seen in germ cells in mature sexual worms and adult stem cells in asexual worms. Knockdown of Smed_Tert expression by RNA interference caused progressive telomere erosion, however effects on cell proliferation and viability have not been observed in knockdown samples. Four alternate splice isoforms of Smed_Tert were identified. The enhanced telomerase activity during regeneration correlates with a proportional increase in the full-length isoform and a decrease in isoforms with a truncated TRBD domain, suggesting a dominant negative regulation of telomerase by alternative splicing. Significant increase in the expression of the full-length isoform was seen in regenerating asexual samples but not in sexual strains, which correlates with their telomere length dynamics. It is hoped that the comparative studies between the sexual and asexual strains can improve our understanding of how soma can evolve to become an effective inheritable unit.
7
Ortiz, Natali Ortiz. "The effect of pond dyes on mosquitoes and other freshwater invertebrates". Thesis, University of Reading, 2018. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/77950/.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Freshwater habitats are important because they represent two percent of Earth’s water resources, are highly diverse in aquatic organisms and are the most productive and threatened ecosystem worldwide. Pollution, urbanization and climatic changes are responsible for drastic changes in these ecosystems. The creation of new ponds offers an opportunity to increase biodiversity, landscape connectivity and provide new habitat for organisms. However, new ponds might be a good habitat for mosquitoes to lay eggs. Mosquitoes have worldwide distribution and are responsible for most of the vector-borne diseases, affecting thousands of people and causing millions of deaths. British mosquitoes currently do not carry human diseases, but they are a biting nuisance. Their distribution, abundance, species composition and potential for mosquito disease transmission are intimately linked to the physical environment. Culex pipiens is commonly found in UK gardens and is a potential vector of viruses including the West Nile Virus. However, any environmental factors that significantly change the distribution and population of Cx. pipiens could impact future risks of disease transmission. Pond dyes are a cosmetic product for garden ponds and lakes; they inhibit algal growth and improve the overall appearance of the water body reflecting surrounding planting. The dyes block red light from entering the water, interrupting the process of photosynthesis and therefore inhibiting the growth of certain aquatic plants such as algae. Although these dyes are non-toxic to fish and invertebrates, their use in urban gardens raises questions linked to mosquito oviposition, since coloured water can be an attractant.
8
Simaika, John Pascal. "Practical conservation planning from local to continental scales using freshwater invertebrates". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18051.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata) are a valuable tool for assessing aquatic systems and have been used as indicators of ecological health, ecological integrity, and environmental change, including climatic change. In four separate studies I explored the usefulness of dragonflies as surrogates in biomonitoring, site prioritization and indication of global climate change. In the use of dragonflies for biomonitoring, I field-tested a freshwater ecological integrity index, the Dragonfly Biotic Index (DBI), based on dragonfly assemblages at the local scale, and compared the DBI to a standard freshwater benthic macroinvertebrate-based freshwater health index. Overall, dragonflies were more sensitive to changes in river condition than were macroinvertebrates, and the DBI site value and macroinvertebrate scores were highly significantly correlated. I conclude that dragonfly assemblages in the form of a DBI are an excellent tool for environmental assessment and monitoring freshwater biodiversity, with the potential to replace benthic macroinvertebrate-based freshwater quality assessments. In the second study, I used the DBI to prioritize sites for conservation action in South Africa. Using a selected set of top prioritized sites, I compared the DBI’s performance to that of a rarity-complementarity algorithm. Site prioritization using the DBI reveals that CFR sites protect Red Listed taxa rather well. The rarity-complementarity algorithm represents all species, but without greater emphasis on the rare and threatened species. I conclude that the DBI is of great value in selecting biodiversity hotspots, while the algorithm is useful for selecting complementarity hotspots. The third study was made possible by the recent completion of a continental assessment of freshwater biodiversity, which revealed that patterns of richness and threat of four well-studied aquatic taxa largely coincide at the continental scale. Using only dragonflies, I built a protected areas network for Africa using spatial planning software. I then compared the performance of the existing African reserve network and that of known global biodiversity hotspots against the model, and identified sites of conservation concern. Although the current reserve network covers 10.7% of the landscape, the proportional representation of species geographic distributions in reserves is only 1.1%. The reserve network is therefore inefficient, and many areas of conservation priority that are not formally protected remain. The advantage of operating at the fine scale, while covering a large geographic area is that it shifts the focus from the large-scale hotspots to smaller priority areas within and beyond hotspots. In the fourth study, I created species distribution models of dragonflies in an El Niño-prone biodiversity hotspot in South Africa, and predicted the changes in species richness, geographic range and habitat suitability, forty and eighty years from now. According to the model results of two different emissions scenarios, at least three species will be lost from the area by 2050, and four by 2080. The remaining species are predicted to persist with reduced geographical ranges, at generally higher elevations. Most species presented here thrive quite well in artificial environments, that is, engineered ponds or dams. It is therefore unlikely that loss in connectivity will play a role for these species.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Naaldekokers (Insecta:Odonata) is waardevolle instrumente om akwatiese sisteme te assesseer, en is al gebruik as aanwysers van ekologiese gesondheid, ekologiese integriteit en omgewingsverandering, insluitend klimaatsverandering. In vier studies het ek die nut van naaldekokers as surrogate in biomonitering, area prioritisering en indikasie van globale klimaatsverandering ondersoek. In die benutting van naaldekokers in biomonitering, het ek ´n varswater ekologiese integriteits indeks, die Dragonfly Biotic Index (DBI), wat gebaseer is op naaldekokergemeenskappe op die plaaslike skaal, getoets en dit vergelyk met ´n standaard bentiese makroinvertebraat-gebaseerde varswater gesondheids index. Naaldekokers was meer sensitief vir veranderinge in riviertoestand as makroinvertebrate, en die DBI lokaliteit waarde en makroinvertebraat telling was beduidend gekorreleer. Die gevolgtrekking was dat naaldekoker gemeenskappe in die vorm van die DBI ‘n uitstekende instrument is vir omgewings assessering en die monitering van varswater biodiversiteit, met die potensiaal om bentiese makroinvertebraat-gebaseerde varswaterkwaliteit assessering te vervang. In die tweede studie, het ek die DBI gebruik om areas te prioritiseer vir bewaringsaksie in Suid Afrika. Met die gebruik van ‘n geselekteerde set top prioriteit areas, het ek die DBI se prestasie vergelyk met die van ‘n rariteit-komplemetariteit algoritme. Area prioritisering met die gebruik van die DBI het aangedui dat CFR areas taxa op die Rooi Lys goed beskerm. Die rariteit-komplementariteit algoritme verteenwoordig alle spesies, maar beklemtoon minder skaars en bedreigde spesies. Die gevolgtrekking was dat die DBI van meer waarde is in die selektering van biodiversiteits ‘hotspots‘, terwyl die algoritme nuttig is vir die selektering van komplementariteits ‘hotspots‘. Die derde studie was moontlik gemaak deur die onlangse voltooiing van ‘n kontinentale assessering van varswater biodiversiteit, wat aangedui het dat patrone van rykheid en bedreiging van vier goed-bestudeerde akwatiese taxa grootliks ooreenstem op die kontinentale skaal. Met die gebruik van naaldekokers, het ek ‘n beskermde area netwerk gebou vir Afrika met ruimtelike beplannings sagteware. Ek het die prestasie van die bestaande Afrika reservaatnetwerk en die van bekende globale biodiversiteit ‘hotspots‘ vergelyk teen die model, en het areas van bewaringsbelang geidentifiseer. Alhoewel die bestaande reservaatnetwerk 10.7% van die landskap dek, is die proporsionele verteenwoordiging van spesies se geografiese verspreiding net 1.1%. Die reservaatnetwerk is dus onvoldoende en baie areas van bewaringsbelang is nie formeel beskerm nie. Die voordeel van op die fyn skaal werk terwyl ‘n groot geografiese are gedek word, is dat dit die fokus van groot skaal ‘hotspots‘ na kleiner prioriteits areas binne en buite ‘hotspots‘ verskuif. In die vierde studie, het ek spesies verspreidingsmodelle van naaldekokers geskep in ‘n El Nino-geneigde biodiversiteits ‘hotspot’ in Suid Afrika, en het veranderinge in spesies rykheid, geografiese verspreiding en habitatsgeskiktheid voorspel, veertig en tagtig jaar van nou af. Volgens die modelresultate van twee verskillende emissie scenarios, sal ten minste drie spesies verlore gaan uit die area teen 2050, en vier teen 2080. Daar word voorspel dat die oorblywende spesies sal voortduur in verkleinde geografiese areas, by groter hoogte bo seespieël. Die meeste spesies hier verteenwoordig floreer in kunsmatige omgewings, soos mensgemaakte damme. Dit is dus onwaarskynlik dat ‘n verlies in konnektiwiteit ‘n rol sal speel vir hierdie spesies.
9
Cappo, Michael. "Frogs as predators of organisms of aquatic origin in the Magela Creek system, Northern Territory /". Title page, contents and summary only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SM/09smc249.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródła
10
Elangovan, Ramalingam. "Accumulation and distribution of aluminium in two freshwater invertebrates at neutral pH". Thesis, University of Manchester, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488074.
Pełny tekst źródłaKsiążki na temat "Freshwater invertebrates"
1
Batzer, Darold, i Dani Boix, red. Invertebrates in Freshwater Wetlands. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24978-0.
Pełny tekst źródła
2
Monakov, A. V. Feeding of freshwater invertebrates. Ghent, Belgium: Kenobi Productions, 2003.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
3
Dobson, Michael. Guide to freshwater invertebrates. Ambleside, Cumbia: Freshwater Biological Association, 2012.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
4
Kriska, György. Freshwater Invertebrates in Central Europe. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1547-3.
Pełny tekst źródła
5
Kriska, György. Freshwater Invertebrates in Central Europe. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95323-2.
Pełny tekst źródła
6
Wu, Shi-Kuei. Colorado freshwater mollusks. Boulder, Colo. (Campus Box 218, Boulder 80309): University of Colorado Museum, 1989.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
7
Environment, Alberta Alberta. Benthic invertebrate assessment in Wabamun Lake, November 2002. Edmonton: Alberta Environment, 2003.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
8
M, Yule Catherine, i Yong Hoi-Sen, red. Freshwater invertebrates of the Malaysian region. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Akademi Sains Malaysia, 2004.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
9
Shearer, Jeffrey S. Macroinvertebrate bioassessment of Black Hills streams, South Dakota: Final report. Rapid City, S.D: South Dakota Dept. of Game, Fish and Parks, 2006.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
10
Reverberi, Giuseppe. Experimental embryology of marine and freshwater invertebrates. Amsterdam: North-Holland Pub. Co., 1989.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Freshwater invertebrates"
1
Batzer, Darold, Haitao Wu, Terry Wheeler i Sue Eggert. "Peatland Invertebrates". W Invertebrates in Freshwater Wetlands, 219–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24978-0_7.
Pełny tekst źródła
2
Kriska, György. "Identification key – Freshwater Invertebrates – Invertebrata I". W Freshwater Invertebrates in Central Europe, 10–27. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1547-3_2.
Pełny tekst źródła
3
Kriska, György. "Identification Key: Freshwater Invertebrates". W Freshwater Invertebrates in Central Europe, 1–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95323-2_1.
Pełny tekst źródła
4
Wantzen, Karl M., Mercedes R. Marchese, Marinez I. Marques i Leandro D. Battirola. "Invertebrates in Neotropical Floodplains". W Invertebrates in Freshwater Wetlands, 493–524. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24978-0_14.
Pełny tekst źródła
5
Brendonck, Luc, Sandro Lanfranco, Brian Timms i Bram Vanschoenwinkel. "Invertebrates in Rock Pools". W Invertebrates in Freshwater Wetlands, 25–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24978-0_2.
Pełny tekst źródła
6
Reynolds, Julian D. "Invertebrates of Irish Turloughs". W Invertebrates in Freshwater Wetlands, 191–217. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24978-0_6.
Pełny tekst źródła
7
Trexler, Joel C., i William F. Loftus. "Invertebrates of the Florida Everglades". W Invertebrates in Freshwater Wetlands, 321–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24978-0_10.
Pełny tekst źródła
8
Stafford, Joshua D., Adam K. Janke, Elisabeth B. Webb i Steven R. Chipps. "Invertebrates in Managed Waterfowl Marshes". W Invertebrates in Freshwater Wetlands, 565–600. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24978-0_16.
Pełny tekst źródła
9
Cooper, Matthew J., i Donald G. Uzarski. "Invertebrates in Great Lakes Marshes". W Invertebrates in Freshwater Wetlands, 287–320. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24978-0_9.
Pełny tekst źródła
10
Batzer, Darold, i Dani Boix. "An Introduction to Freshwater Wetlands and Their Invertebrates". W Invertebrates in Freshwater Wetlands, 1–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24978-0_1.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Freshwater invertebrates"
1
Frank, Tanner, i Susan Tremblay. "A MID-DEVONIAN LAGERSTÄTTE FROM THE CATSKILLS (NEW YORK, USA) REVEALS INVERTEBRATES FROM AN EARLY FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM". W GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-383574.
Pełny tekst źródła
2
Turner, Charles A., Asher Jacob Lichtig, Spencer G. Lucas i Adrian P. Hunt. "An Assemblage of Freshwater Invertebrates and other Fossils from the Upper Cretaceous Fossil Forest Member of the Fruitland Formation, Fossil Forest Research Natural Area, San Juan County, New Mexico". W 2019 New Mexico Geological Society Annual Spring Meeting. Socorro, NM: New Mexico Geological Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.56577/sm-2019.1001.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaporty organizacyjne na temat "Freshwater invertebrates"
1
Tronstad, Lusha. Aquatic invertebrate monitoring at Agate Fossil Beds National Monument: 2019 data report. National Park Service, kwiecień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2293128.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Monitoring ecosystems is vital to understanding trends over time and key to detecting change so that managers can address perturbations. Freshwater streams are the lifeblood of the surrounding landscape, and their health is a measure of the overall watershed integrity. Streams are the culmination of upland processes and inputs. Degradation on the landscape as well as changes to the stream itself can be detected using biota living in these ecosystems. Aquatic invertebrates are excellent indicators of ecosystem quality because they are relatively long-lived, sessile, diverse, abundant and their tolerance to perturbation differs. Aquatic invertebrates were monitored at three sites along the Niobrara River at Agate Fossil Beds National Monument in 2019 completing 23 years of data using Hester-Dendy and Hess samplers. Hess samplers are artificial multi-plate samplers suspended in the water column to allow invertebrates to colonize and Hess samples collect invertebrates in a known area on natural substrate and vegetation. We identified 45 invertebrate taxa from four phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Nematoda) using both samplers in the Niobrara River (Appendix A and B). Hester-Dendy samplers collected 4 taxa not found in Hess samples and Hess samples collected 17 taxa not collected with Hester-Dendy samplers. Hess samples captured more (91%) than Hester-Dendy samples (62%). Crustacea, Diptera and Ephemeroptera were the most abundant groups of invertebrates collected in the Niobrara River. The proportion of Insecta, Annelida, Trichoptera and Diptera differed between Hester-Dendy and Hess samples (p < 0.05). EPT richness, proportion EPT taxa and Hilsenhoff’s Biotic Index (HBI) (p < 0.0001) differed between sampler types, but taxa richness, taxa diversity and evenness (p > 0.29) did not. We collected the highest density of invertebrates at the Agate Middle site. Agate Spring Ranch had the lowest taxa richness and HBI, and the highest proportion of EPT taxa. HBI at the sites ranged from 4.0 to 6.3 (very good to fair from Hilsenhoff 1987) using the Hester-Dendy and 5.2 to 6.9 (good to fairly poor from Hilsenhoff 1987) using the Hess sampler.
2
Bowles, David, Michael Williams, Hope Dodd, Lloyd Morrison, Janice Hinsey, Tyler Cribbs, Gareth Rowell, Michael DeBacker, Jennifer Haack-Gaynor i Jeffrey Williams. Protocol for monitoring aquatic invertebrates of small streams in the Heartland Inventory & Monitoring Network: Version 2.1. National Park Service, kwiecień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284622.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) is a component of the National Park Service’s (NPS) strategy to improve park management through greater reliance on scientific information. The purposes of this program are to design and implement long-term ecological monitoring and provide information for park managers to evaluate the integrity of park ecosystems and better understand ecosystem processes. Concerns over declining surface water quality have led to the development of various monitoring approaches to assess stream water quality. Freshwater streams in network parks are threatened by numerous stressors, most of which originate outside park boundaries. Stream condition and ecosystem health are dependent on processes occurring in the entire watershed as well as riparian and floodplain areas; therefore, they cannot be manipulated independently of this interrelationship. Land use activities—such as timber management, landfills, grazing, confined animal feeding operations, urbanization, stream channelization, removal of riparian vegetation and gravel, and mineral and metals mining—threaten stream quality. Accordingly, the framework for this aquatic monitoring is directed towards maintaining the ecological integrity of the streams in those parks. Invertebrates are an important tool for understanding and detecting changes in ecosystem integrity, and they can be used to reflect cumulative impacts that cannot otherwise be detected through traditional water quality monitoring. The broad diversity of invertebrate species occurring in aquatic systems similarly demonstrates a broad range of responses to different environmental stressors. Benthic invertebrates are sensitive to the wide variety of impacts that influence Ozark streams. Benthic invertebrate community structure can be quantified to reflect stream integrity in several ways, including the absence of pollution sensitive taxa, dominance by a particular taxon combined with low overall taxa richness, or appreciable shifts in community composition relative to reference condition. Furthermore, changes in the diversity and community structure of benthic invertebrates are relatively simple to communicate to resource managers and the public. To assess the natural and anthropo-genic processes influencing invertebrate communities, this protocol has been designed to incorporate the spatial relationship of benthic invertebrates with their local habitat including substrate size and embeddedness, and water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and turbidity). Rigid quality control and quality assurance are used to ensure maximum data integrity. Detailed standard operating procedures (SOPs) and supporting information are associated with this protocol.
3
Lotufo, Guilherme. Preparation of sediment amended with Insensitive Munitions (IM) compounds for use in toxicity tests with freshwater invertebrates; Scientific Operating Procedure series : characterization of IMX ecotoxicological effects. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), październik 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/29527.
Pełny tekst źródła
4
Lotufo, Guilherme, i J. Farrar. Assessing the sediment toxicity of Insensitive Munitions (IM) compounds using 10-day whole-sediment exposures with freshwater invertebrates; Scientific Operating Procedure series : characterization of IMX ecotoxicological effects. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), październik 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/29524.
Pełny tekst źródła
5
Ashworth, William. Ecological interactions of habitat forming emergent vegetation : With focus on Phragmites australis and Typha sp. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.7bt282v5l5.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Stands of emergent vegetation such as the common reed (Phragmites australis) and members of the genus Typha are a key part of many freshwater and brackish shoreline ecosystems. Similar to trees in a forest, these macrophytes provide structural complexity, a source of food, and shelter from harsher abiotic conditions supporting a broad range of flora and fauna. However, in recent years, anthropogenic activities have facilitated these species to dominate their native ecosystems, forming increasingly homogenous reed beds, and furthermore to invade many non native habitats. In this text, I review the ecological interactions of habitat forming emergent vegetation with an emphasis on other macrophytes, fish, birds and invertebrates. Trends in literature highlight both the importance of emergent vegetation to aquatic ecosystems, but also the negative impact they can have when invading, or forming dense homogenous stands. The competitive exclusion of other macrophytes and physical reduction of space within stands of emergent vegetation are the main drivers that negate or reverse most of the beneficial ecological interactions of reed or Typha with other organisms. I also detail how various management practices have attempted to address the presented issues, with the most successful methods being those that aim to promote heterogeneity. While progress has been made, future studies should focus on the identification of optimal management practices, to pave the way for more effective conservation applications.
6
Rich, Megan, Charles Beightol, Christy Visaggi, Justin Tweet i Vincent Santucci. Vicksburg National Military Park: Paleontological resource inventory (sensitive version). National Park Service, marzec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2297321.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Vicksburg National Military Park (VICK) was established for its historical significance as a one of the principle military sieges resulting in a turning point during the American Civil War. The steep terrain around the city of Vicksburg was integral in the military siege, providing high vantage points and a substrate that was easy to entrench for the armies, but unknown to many is the fossil content, particularly a diversity of fossil mollusks. These fossils at VICK are important paleontological resources which have yet to receive focused attention from park staff, visitors, and researchers. The park’s geology is dominated by windblown silt from the last Ice Age which overlays river-transported gravels and bedrock of the late Oligocene–early Miocene-age Catahoula Formation or early Oligocene Vicksburg Group. The park is home to the type section (a geological reference locality upon which a formation is based) for the Mint Spring Formation, one of the most fossiliferous formations in this group (Henderson et al. 2022). Beginning roughly 32 million years ago (Dockery 2019), the early Oligocene deposits of the Vicksburg Group were deposited as the sea level along the Gulf Coast shore repeatedly rose and fell. The eponymously named Vicksburg Group is comprised of, from oldest to youngest, the Forest Hill, Mint Spring, Marianna Limestone, Glendon Limestone, Byram, and Bucatunna Formations. Each of these formations are within VICK’s boundaries, in addition to outcrops of the younger Catahoula Formation. Paleozoic fossils transported by the ancestral Mississippi River have also been redeposited within VICK as pre-loess stream gravels. Overlying these layers is the Quaternary-age silt which composes the loess found throughout VICK, meaning the park’s fossils span the entire Phanerozoic Eon. The fossils of VICK consist mostly of near-shore marine Oligocene invertebrates including corals, bryozoans, bivalves, gastropods, scaphopods, ostracods, and more, though terrestrial and freshwater snails of the loess, microfossils, plant fossils, occasional vertebrates, and others can also be found in the park. Notable historical figures such as Charles Alexandre Lesueur, Charles Lyell, and John Wesley Powell all collected fossils or studied geology in the Vicksburg area. The Vicksburg Group is culturally relevant as well, as the Glendon Limestone Formation has been identified by its embedded fossils as a source rock for Native American effigy pipes. This paleontological resource inventory is the first of its kind for VICK. Although Vicksburg fossils have most recently been studied as part of the Gulf Coast Inventory & Monitoring Network (Kenworthy et al. 2007), the park has never received a comprehensive, dedicated fossil inventory before this report. At least 27 fossil species, listed in Appendix B, have been named and described from specimens collected from within VICK’s lands, and VICK fossils can be found at six or more non-NPS museum repositories. Beginning in January 2022, field surveys were undertaken at VICK, covering nearly all the park’s wooded areas, streams, and other portions beyond the preserved trenches and tour road. Fossils were collected or observed at 72 localities. These specimens will be added into VICK’s museum collections, which previously contained no paleontological resources. Considering the minimal attention dedicated to these resources in the past, these newly acquired fossil specimens may be used in the future for educational, interpretive, or research purposes. Future park construction needs should take into account the protection of these resources by avoiding important localities or allowing collection efforts before localities become inaccessible or lost.
7
Herring, Theodore, Justin Tweet i Vincent Santucci. Wind Cave National Park: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, czerwiec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299620.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Wind Cave National Park (WICA), the first cave in the world to become a national park, is famous for the park’s namesake feature. Wind Cave, named for the noticeable wind-flow patterns observed as air moves in and out of the natural cave entrance, is currently the third longest cave system in the United States and seventh longest in the world. Wind Cave formed when groundwater dissolved buried layers of the fossiliferous Madison Limestone, which were deposited during the Mississippian subperiod approximately 359 to 347 million years ago. In addition to the Madison Limestone, several other formations are exposed within the park, dating from the early Proterozoic to the Holocene. The presence of fossils within the park has been known since at least the late 19th century when early settlers explored the cave to turn the geologic feature into a tourist attraction. However, most of the geologic work conducted during the park’s history has focused on the exploration and development of the cave itself, rather than its fossils. Paleontology became a bigger focus in the late 20th century when the park partnered with the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology to recover and research fossils found within the cave and on the park’s surface. Other partnerships include those with the Mammoth Site of Hot Springs and Northern Arizona University, through which researchers have studied Quaternary cave deposits found across the park. In ascending order (oldest to youngest), the geologic formations at WICA include undifferentiated lower Proterozoic rocks (Precambrian), Harney Peak Granite (Precambrian), Deadwood Formation (Cambrian–Ordovician), Englewood Limestone (Devonian–Mississippian), Madison Limestone (Mississippian), Minnelusa Formation (Pennsylvanian–Permian), Opeche Shale (Permian), Minnekahta Limestone (Permian), Spearfish Formation (Permian–Triassic), Sundance Formation (Middle–Upper Jurassic), Unkpapa Sandstone (Upper Jurassic), Lakota Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Fall River Formation (Lower Cretaceous), White River Group (Eocene–Oligocene), and Quaternary alluvium, conglomerate, and gravel deposits. The units that are confirmed to be fossiliferous within the park are the Deadwood Formation, Englewood Limestone, Madison Limestone, and Minnelusa Formation, which contain a variety of marine fossils from a shallow sea deposition environment; the Sundance Formation, which has much younger marine fossils; the Lakota Formation, which has yielded petrified wood; and the White River Group and Quaternary deposits, which contain vertebrate and invertebrate fossils deposited in and near freshwater streams, lakes, and ponds. Many of the fossils of WICA are visible from or near public trails and roads, which puts them at risk of poaching or damage, and there is evidence that fossil poaching occurred at several of the Klukas sites soon after they were discovered. Furthermore, there are several fossil sites on the tour routes within Wind Cave, which are of value to interpretation and the park experience. WICA has implemented cyclic fossil surveys in the past to monitor site conditions, and it is recommended that this paleontological resource monitoring be continued in the future.
8
Salcido, Charles, Patrick Wilson, Justin Tweet, Blake McCan, Clint Boyd i Vincent Santucci. Theodore Roosevelt National Park: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, maj 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293509.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Theodore Roosevelt National Park (THRO) in western North Dakota was established for its historical connections with President Theodore Roosevelt. It contains not only historical and cultural resources, but abundant natural resources as well. Among these is one of the best geological and paleontological records of the Paleocene Epoch (66 to 56 million years ago) of any park in the National Park System. The Paleocene Epoch is of great scientific interest due to the great mass extinction that occurred at its opening (the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event), and the unusual climatic event that began at the end of the epoch (the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, an anomalous global temperature spike). It is during the Paleocene that mammals began to diversify and move into the large-bodied niches vacated by dinosaurs. The rocks exposed at THRO preserve the latter part of the Paleocene, when mammals were proliferating and crocodiles were the largest predators. Western North Dakota was warmer and wetter with swampy forests; today these are preserved as the “petrified forests” that are one of THRO’s notable features. Despite abundant fossil resources, THRO has not historically been a scene of significant paleontological exploration. For example, the fossil forests have only had one published scientific description, and that report focused on the associated paleosols (“fossil soils”). The widespread petrified wood of the area has been known since at least the 19th century and was considered significant enough to be a tourist draw in the decades leading up to the establishment of THRO in 1947. Paleontologists occasionally collected and described fossil specimens from the park over the next few decades, but the true extent of paleontological resources was not realized until a joint North Dakota Geological Survey–NPS investigation under John Hoganson and Johnathan Campbell between 1994–1996. This survey uncovered 400 paleontological localities within the park representing a variety of plant, invertebrate, vertebrate, and trace fossils. Limited investigation and occasional collection of noteworthy specimens took place over the next two decades. In 2020, a new two-year initiative to further document the park’s paleontological resources began. This inventory, which was the basis for this report, identified another 158 fossil localities, some yielding taxa not recorded by the previous survey. Additional specimens were collected from the surface, among them a partial skeleton of a choristodere (an extinct aquatic reptile), dental material of two mammal taxa not previously recorded at THRO, and the first bird track found at the park. The inventory also provided an assessment of an area scheduled for ground-disturbing maintenance. This inventory is intended to inform future paleontological resource research, management, protection, and interpretation at THRO. THRO’s bedrock geology is dominated by two Paleocene rock formations: the Bullion Creek Formation and the overlying Sentinel Butte Formation of the Fort Union Group. Weathering of these formations has produced the distinctive banded badlands seen in THRO today. These two formations were deposited under very different conditions than the current conditions of western North Dakota. In the Paleocene, the region was warm and wet, with a landscape dominated by swamps, lakes, and rivers. Great forests now represented by petrified wood grew throughout the area. Freshwater mollusks, fish, amphibians (including giant salamanders), turtles, choristoderes, and crocodilians abounded in the ancient wetlands, while a variety of mammals representing either extinct lineages or the early forebearers of modern groups inhabited the land. There is little representation of the next 56 million years at THRO. The only evidence we have of events in the park for most of these millions of years is isolated Neogene lag deposits and terrace gravel. Quaternary surficial deposits have yielded a few fossils...