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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "French Ancient Law"
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Goodrich, Peter. "Oedipus Lex: Slips in interpretation and law". Legal Studies 13, nr 3 (listopad 1993): 381–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.1993.tb00493.x.
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This essay addresses a perennial theme within the doctrine of common law. It is that of the Englishness of English law or alternatively, as Nietzsche once remarked, the lawfulness of being English. It is, ofcourse, a well-known and ironic historical fact that English law is a rather confused form oflocal French Law. The most obvious feature ofcommon law has been that for most of its history, it was recorded in Latin and argued and reported in a species of French. When William Camden sought to identify the most distinctive characteristic of the inhabitants of the Island Britannia, the only thing he could find about the origin of the word Britain was the ancient Gallic practice of painting the body with woad: ‘Brith… signifies anything that is painted and coloured over.’
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Balthasar, Stephan. "Truth and secret: the protection of privacy in ancient German, French and English law". Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis / Revue d'Histoire du Droit / The Legal History Review 74, nr 3-4 (2006): 337–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181906778946074.
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AbstractComparing the legal development in France, Germany and England from 1500–1800, this article analyses the protection of those interests which are covered today by the law of privacy. Continental law, influenced by the Roman actio iniuriarum, protected personal secrets, and it also restrained, to a certain extent, the divulgation of embarrassing truths. The English law of defamation however, afforded no comparable protection, the proof of truth ("justification") being a perfect defence against any claim for damages under the head of defamation. The conclusion that the civil law has a long tradition of preserving sensitive information against unwanted publicity is underlined by the fact that the ancient ideas of protecting secrets and restricting publication of the truth helped 19th century lawyers in France and in Germany to approach the modern concept of privacy ("vie privée", "Privatleben").
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Emerson, Robert. "The French Huissier as a Model for U.S. Civil Procedure Reform". University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, nr 43.4 (2010): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.43.4.french.
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Huissiers de justice serve multiple roles in the French legal system. One is that of a court officer who compiles dossiers (reports). In that role, the huissier is d'audiencier (literally translated as "hearing" or "assisting") and works directly for the court system itself. The huissier's report remains alien to the American lawyer, who is steeped in notions of procedure and "testimonialism" and in principles of fairness which appear ancient, but are rather modern dissimulations of law and equity's rich history in the American tradition. An important aspect of most legal processes, the collection of data in preparation for litigation is particularly marked by rhetorical differentiations and historical adaptations reflecting upon (actually, reinforcing) a cross-cultural dissonance that discourages both harmonization and legal experimentation between the two great Western legal cultures (Civil Law and common law). The apparent discord between the two systems leads courts and commentators routinely to overestimate the disparity between the use of a French-styled investigative magistrate as opposed to the U.S. trial method. Despite the distinct nature of gathering evidence according to the French and U.S. traditions, the huissier is a type of figure found since the origin of the Western legal tradition. Vestiges remain in the United States, although American scholars and practitioners often overlook these manifestations (e.g., trustees and bailiffs). Still, the increasing complexity of commercial litigation, the harmonization of international civil procedure outside the United States, a growing corpus of international privacy standards, and a concern for the competitiveness of US. courts in attracting and inducing business development may cause re-examination of discovery rules, particularly the use of masters and investigative magistrates. Realizing that the French system is reflected in U.S. law not only may aid in resolution of disputes where both French and US. courts might claim jurisdiction, and where issues of transnational discovery often become key to resolving conflicts of law, but further can function as a paradigm from which particular administrative functions in U.S. courts may be reformed and harmonized with international standards and with principles of efficiency.
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Borokh, Olga N. "Ancient Chinese economic thought and the French academic context of the 1930s: Li Zhaoyi’s doctoral thesis". Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, nr 4 (2021): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080015545-6.
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The article examines the contribution of the Chinese researcher of the first half of the 20th century Li Zhaoyi to the study of the impact of ancient Chinese thought on the economic doctrine of the French physiocrats. An interpretation of the schools of Taoism, Confucianism and Legalism as carriers of the idea of natural law, which became fundamental for physiocrats, is highlighted as a key feature of Li Zhaoyi’s academic concept. The interpretation of the Chinese teachings on morality, ritual, the way-Tao, and the law-Fa as different understandings of natural law was aimed at demonstrating the Chinese influence on the European thought of the Enlightenment. A distinctive feature of Li Zhaoyi’s research was the use of European concepts, primarily anarchism and individualism, to discuss the specifics of ancient Chinese thought through comparisons with the ideas of J.J. Rousseau, P.A. Kropotkin, M.A. Bakunin, M. Stirner. The increasing attention to the legacy of Li Zhaoyi in modern China is due to the growing interest in the problem of the recognition of Chinese concepts by the global academic community. Li Zhaoyi’s name was mentioned by well-known economist J.A. Schumpeter. The influence on the French physiocrats was a rare case of China’s contribution to the development of world economic science that is expected to provide inspiration for future intercultural interactions. It is concluded that the official policy of introducing “philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics” to the outside world will help to maintain interest in the history of China’s influence on European thought.
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Kroppenberg, Inge, i Nikolaus Linder. "Kroppenberg, Inge/Nikolaus Linder, „…als große Unruhen in Göttingen wegen der Gensd'armen Statt fanden …“. Gustav Hugo und die Studentenunruhen 1809/10". Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung 136, nr 1 (26.06.2019): 164–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrgg-2019-0006.
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Abstract Gustav Hugo and the Göttingen student riots 1809/10. This paper deals with legal transplants during the Napoleonic era in Germany. Among the many changes introduced in the French ‘model kingdom’ of Westphalia, founded in 1806, were the introduction of the Code Napoléon and a complete reorganization of the judiciary. One of the institutions severely affected by these developments was the venerable University of Göttingen with its ancient privileges and royal prerogatives. The famous Romanist und founder of the Historical School, Gustav Hugo, was at its helm during the most turbulent phase of this reorganization. His achievements as vice rector are the subject of the second part of the paper.
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Fedorov, Aleksandr V., i Mikhail V. Krichevtsev. "The History of the Development of the French Laws on Criminal Liability of Legal Entities". Russian investigator 1 (1.02.2018): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3783-2018-1-46-56.
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The article reviews the history of development of French laws on criminal liability of legal entities. The authors note that the institution of criminal liability of legal entities (collective criminal liability) dates back to the ancient times and has been forming in the French territory for a long time. Initially, it was established in the acts on collective liability residents of certain territories, in particular, in the laws of the Salian Franks. This institution was inherited from the Franks by the law of the medieval France, and got transferred from the medieval period to the French criminal law of the modern period. The article reviews the laws of King Louis XIV as an example of establishment of collective criminal liability: the Criminal Ordinance of 1670 and the Ordinances on Combating Vagrancy and Goods Smuggling of 1706 and 1711. For the first time ever, one can study the Russian translation of the collective criminal liability provisions of the said laws. The authors state that although the legal traditions of collective liability establishment were interrupted by the transformations caused by the French Revolution of 1789 to 1794, criminal liability of legal entities remained in Article 428 of the French Penal Code of 1810 as a remnant of the past and was abolished only as late as in 1957. The publication draws attention to the fact that the criminal law codification process was not finished in France, and some laws stipulating criminal liability of legal entities were in effect in addition to the French Penal Code of 1810: the Law on the Separation of Church and State of December 9, 1905; the Law of January 14, 1933; the Law on Maritime Trade of July 19, 1934; the Ordinance on Criminal Prosecution of the Press Institutions Cooperating with Enemies during World War II of May 5, 1945. The authors describe the role of the Nuremberg Trials and the documents of the Council of Europe in the establishment of the French laws on criminal liability of legal entities, in particular, Resolution (77) 28 On the Contribution of Criminal Law to the Protection of the Environment, Recommendation No. R (81) 12 On Economic Crime, the Recommendation No. R (82) 15 On the Role of Criminal Law in Consumer Protection and Recommendation No. (88) 18 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States Concerning Liability of Enterprises Having Legal Personality for Offences Committed in the Exercise of Their Activities. The authors conclude that the introduction of the institution of criminal liability of legal entities is based on objective conditions and that research of the history of establishment of the laws on collective liability is of great importance for understanding of the modern legal regulation of the issues of criminal liability of legal entities.
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PIEPRZYCA, Piotr. "ANALYSE CONTRASTIVE DE LA TERMINOLOGIE DU DROIT CAMBIAIRE DANS LA LANGUE FRANÇAISE ET POLONAISE". Comparative Legilinguistics 30 (29.10.2017): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cl.2017.30.2.
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The article presents the problem of equivalence between the main terms of the law on bills of exchange in Polish and French. First, the author presents the origins of the bill of exchange and the evolution of the law on bills of exchange from ancient times until the twentieth century when the rules concerning this branch of law were unified at the international level, in the convention concluded in Geneva on 7 June 1930. Afterwards, some terms related to bills of exchange in both language versions of the convention are analyzed in order to create the mini-dictionary of principal terms. Then these results are compared with the equivalents proposed in traditional dictionaries. The aim of this study is to check whether dictionaries are a valuable source for the translator of legal texts in relation to the corpus consisting of texts of international law, written in multiple languages.
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HAMPSHER-MONK, IAIN. "EDMUND BURKE'S CHANGING JUSTIFICATION FOR INTERVENTION". Historical Journal 48, nr 1 (marzec 2005): 65–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x04004224.
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Burke's justification for intervention in French internal affairs in the name of the international community has formed a powerful strand of thought in both diplomacy and international relations theory. However, the strength and openness of Burke's advocacy, traced here, changed according to his target audience, the domestic, and the international political context. Crucially, when he came to justify the case openly, the arguments changed completely. Beginning with a Grotian argument drawn from Vattel and premised on states as isolated rights-holders in a pre-social ‘state of nature’, Burke always struggled to draw a justification for intervention in the case, allowed by Vattel, of irrevocable political disunion. This conflicted both with Burke's general conception of states as corporate wholes and his linked policy aspiration to restore the totality of French ancient institutions. Ultimately abandoning this, his final argument, fully set out only in the Letters on a regicide peace, is completely new. It is premised not on modern international law but on remedies to be found in Roman domestic law, invocation of which he justifies by claiming Europe to be a single juridical enclave, drawing on an eighteenth-century discourse of shared manners, law, and culture as constitutive of political identity and community.
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Mašek, Petr. "Zámecká knihovna Nové Syrovice". Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae – Historia litterarum 67, nr 1-2 (2022): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/amnpsc.2022.008.
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The Nové Syrovice Castle library was collected by the Counts of Nimptsch, in particular Count Johann Heinrich von Nimptsch (1723–1806) and Count Karl von Nimptsch (1803–1869), and it also contains traces of the library of the Counts Marcolini. A later part of the collection was added by the Counts of Stubenberg. What is interesting is the manuscript collection, including a set of plans and drawings depicting the Hungarian fortress of Eger (Erlau) and the legal norms applicable to the duchies of Silesia. Works coming from the 16th century were mainly written by ancient authors. Early printed books are mostly in French and Latin, to a lesser extent in German, and occasionally in other languages, such as English. In addition to fiction, the library comprises numerous works of law, history, and French scientific publications. The collection contains relatively few 19th-century books; 20th-century works are completely absent, having been discarded in the 1950s.
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Kubealaková, Martina. "Problémom nie sú muži, ale ľudia". Conversatoria Litteraria 17, nr XVII (20.10.2023): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34739/clit.2023.17.01.
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The concepts of gender, gender role, gender identity, gender stereotypes, and the relationships between them are explained in the introduction of the study. The main topic is focused on essays about the relationship between masculinity and femininity, its genesis, and consequences in the contemporary life authored by the professor of ancient history at the University of Cambridge Mary Beard, the French writer Michel Houellebecq, and Jessa Crispin, the editor-in-chief of Bookslut. The essays resolve male-female power relations differently. Mary Beard offers the concept of over-gender, i.e. universality freed from the conditioning of gender identity.Michel Houellebecq dreams about human cloning and creating a new nature based on a single law, which is the moral law. Jessa Crispin prefers the world of equality based on humanity, built on the ruins of patriarchy, and shared by all people without distinction.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "French Ancient Law"
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Mangiavillano, Jean-Michel. "Le « Code Buisson » : un témoignage de l'usage et de la réception du droit romain dans la Provence des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILD022.
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Dans la préface de nombreuses œuvres doctrinales provençales de la fin du XVIIIe siècle, leurs auteurs, tels que Jean-Joseph JULIEN (1704-1789) ou encore Marc-Antoine DE BARRIGUE DE MONTVALON (1714-1775), enseignent que le droit romain constitue la « Loi de la Provence ». Dès le XVIIe siècle, une véritable littérature juridique provençale voit le jour pour étudier l'usage des dispositions du Corpus Iuris Civilis au sein de la Justice royale. Parmi elle se trouve le « Code Buisson » (titre simplifié), une explication du Code Justinien par un avocat du Parlement d'Aix dénommé BUISSON. Cet ouvrage, qui n'a jamais fait l'objet d'une impression par qui que ce soit, devient un véritable classique de Droit dans la Provence du Siècle des Lumières. En effet, tous les juristes, tant praticiens que magistrats, en possèdent une copie manuscrite, parfois augmentée de la nouvelle législation royale et des nouveaux arrêts de la Cour d'Aix. Pourtant, malgré cette célébrité, personne ne connaît la véritable identité de cet avocat aixois. Notre étude est la première à se pencher sur le Code Buisson et sur son auteur. Elle a pour objectif de rendre les lettres de noblesses au savant avocat du Grand Siècle qu'est Honoré BUISSON (1624-1692), oublié des mémoires des Provençaux jusqu'à présentIn the preface to many Provençal doctrinal works from the end of the 18th century, their authors, such as Jean-Joseph JULIEN (1704-1789) or Marc-Antoine DE BARRIGUE DE MONTVALON (1714-1775), teach that Roman Law is the « Law of Provence » (territory of the South of France). From the 17th century, a Provençal legal literature emerged to study the use of the Corpus Iuris Civilis within royal justice. Among it is the « Code Buisson » (simplified title), an explanation of the Justinian Code by a lawyer from the Parlement d'Aix (French royal Court) named BUISSON. This work, which has never been printed by anyone, becomes a classic of Law in Provence of the Age of Enlightenment. Indeed, all jurists, both practitioners and magistrates, have a handwritten copy, sometimes supplemented by the new royal legislation and the new judgments of the Court of Aix. However, despite this celebrity, no one knows the true identity of this Aix lawyer. Our study is the first to look at the Code Buisson and its author. Its objective is to restore the letters of nobility to the learned lawyer of the Grand Siècle who is Honoré BUISSON (1624-1692), forgotten in the memories of the Provençals until now
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Hernández, Vélez Juan Manuel. "La procédure, matrice des libertés anciennes : aux origines du droit au procès (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles)". Thesis, Paris 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA020002.
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L’étude retrace les fondements dogmatiques du droit au procès en France sous l’Ancien Régime. Pour ce faire, elle propose l’appellation plus abstraite de « droit subjectif aux formes juridiques » et analyse les différents discours qui durant l’époque moderne tendent à rapprocher les formes, formalités et procédures à la garantie de la liberté, jusqu’à faire de celles-ci le rempart par excellence contre l’arbitraire.La procédure constitue la matrice des « libertés anciennes » : elle a été forgée théoriquement par la doctrine, traduite institutionnellement par la magistrature, réalisée légalement par les ordonnances, et mise en application – bien que très difficilement – par les gens de robe. L’analyse des discours sur la procédure permet par ailleurs de repérer que l’affermissement du pouvoir étatique entraîne progressivement la subjectivation des énonces juridiques qui contiennent les normes procédurales. Ainsi, la conception spécifique des libertés anciennes entre en résonance avec sa traduction la plus contemporaineThis research traces the dogmatical foundations of due process of law in Ancient Regime’s France. To do so, we propose the more abstract concept of “subjective right to legal forms”. This study analyses the different speeches that in the modern age connect forms, formalities, and procedures to the protection of rights and liberties, making those forms the more adequate defence against arbitrary measures.Procedure constitutes then the source of the “ancient liberties”: it was theoretically shaped by the doctrinal works, translated into an institutional speech by the ancient magistracy, legally accomplished by the royal ordinances, and enforced, although with difficulties, by the judiciary. The examination of the speeches about procedure allows us to notice that the consolidation of the state’s power leads to the subjectivation of the legal statements containing procedural norms. Thus, the specific conception of the ancient liberties resonates with the contemporary version of them
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Le, Gal Sébastien. "Origines de l'état de siège en France (Ancien régime - Révolution)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30098.
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En France, à la suite de précédentes constitutions, la Constitution de la Ve République consacre l’état de siège (art. 36) ; à l’étranger, de nombreux pays l’ont adopté. Ce constat laisse béant un paradoxe suivant : si la France adopte, la première, une législation d’exception, elle n’offre pas pour autant de réflexion approfondie sur ce qu’est l’état d’exception. L’étude des origines et de l’histoire de l’état de siège met au jour les raisons d’un tel paradoxe. L’état de siège est originellement une disposition technique du droit militaire (loi des 8-10 juillet 1791), qui prévoit que, dans certaines circonstances, l’ordre public et la police passent de l’autorité civile, compétence par principe, à l’autorité militaire. Ainsi, la loi prévoit le renversement du principe selon lequel l’autorité civile prime sur le militaire. Au cours de la Révolution, cette disposition est utilisée afin de réprimer les troubles violents qui se multiplient à l’intérieur du territoire. Durant le XIXe siècle, les régimes successifs y recourent également, jusqu’à ce que la Cour de cassation, en 1832, donne un coup d’arrêt à cette pratique. Le législateur est donc contraint d’adopter un texte – la loi du 9 août 1849 – qui encadre précisément son usage. Cette loi est, véritablement, une législation d’exception, au sens où elle contrevient à un principe consacré par l’ordre constitutionnel, en fonction de circonstances déterminées, pour un temps et un lieu circonscrits. Elle accorde également à l’autorité militaire des pouvoirs étendus qui restreignent les libertés publiques, et consacre la compétence des juridictions militaires pour juger les non-militairesIn France, following the previous Constitutions, the State of Siege has gained acceptance under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic (art. 36); abroad, many countries have adopted it. This fact leaves a gaping paradox: if France adopts the first emergency legislation, it does not mean that the country provides an in depth reflection on what is the state of emergency. The study of the origins and history of the siege reveals the reasons for such a paradox. Martial law was originally a technical provision of military law (law of July 8-10, 1791), which provides that in certain circumstances, public order and police are transferred from the civil authority, naturally competent to the military authorities. Thus, the law provides for the reversal of the principle that the civil authority takes precedence over the military. During the Revolution, this provision is used to suppress the violent unrest that become more frequent inside the territory. During the nineteenth century, successive regimes also use it until the Supreme Court in 1832, provides a stop to this practice. The legislator is forced to enact – the Law of August 9, 1849 – which regulates precisely its use. This law is truly an emergency law, in the meaning that it contravenes a principle enshrined in the constitutional order, depending on specific circumstances, for a circumscribed time and place. It also gives to the military authority enlarged powers that restrict civil liberties, and establishes the jurisdiction of military courts to try non-military
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Le, Gal Sébastien. "Origines de l'état de siège en France (Ancien Régime-Révolution)". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30098.
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En France, à la suite de précédentes constitutions, la Constitution de la Ve République consacre l’état de siège (art. 36) ; à l’étranger, de nombreux pays l’ont adopté. Ce constat laisse béant un paradoxe suivant : si la France adopte, la première, une législation d’exception, elle n’offre pas pour autant de réflexion approfondie sur ce qu’est l’état d’exception. L’étude des origines et de l’histoire de l’état de siège met au jour les raisons d’un tel paradoxe.L’état de siège est originellement une disposition technique du droit militaire (loi des 8-10 juillet 1791), qui prévoit que, dans certaines circonstances, l’ordre public et la police passent de l’autorité civile, compétence par principe, à l’autorité militaire. Ainsi, la loi prévoit le renversement du principe selon lequel l’autorité civile prime sur le militaire. Au cours de la Révolution, cette disposition est utilisée afin de réprimer les troubles violents qui se multiplient à l’intérieur du territoire. Durant le XIXe siècle, les régimes successifs y recourent également, jusqu’à ce que la Cour de cassation, en 1832, donne un coup d’arrêt à cette pratique. Le législateur est donc contraint d’adopter un texte – la loi du 9 août 1849 – qui encadre précisément son usage. Cette loi est, véritablement, une législation d’exception, au sens où elle contrevient à un principe consacré par l’ordre constitutionnel, en fonction de circonstances déterminées, pour un temps et un lieu circonscrits. Elle accorde également à l’autorité militaire des pouvoirs étendus qui restreignent les libertés publiques, et consacre la compétence des juridictions militaires pour juger les non-militairesIn France, following previous Constitutions, the state of siege gained acceptance under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic (art. 36); many countries abroad adopted it. This fact leaves a gaping paradox: even if France adopts the first emergency legislation, it does not mean that it provides an in depth reflection on what is the state of emergency. The study of the genesis and history of the state of siege reveals the reasons for such a paradox. Originally, the state of siege was a technical measure of military law (law of July 8-10, 1791), which provided that in certain circumstances, public order and police would transfer from the civil authority, competent on principle, to the military authority. Thus, law foresaw the reversal of the principle according to which the civil authority takes precedence over the military. During the Revolution, this measure was used to suppress the violent unrest that became more frequent inside the territory. Throughout the nineteenth century, successive governments had also recourse to it until the Supreme Court put an end to this practice in 1832. Consequently ,the legislator was forced to pass a bill - the Law of August 9, 1849 - which would frame precisely its use. This law truly is an emergency law, which means that it contravenes a principle enshrined in the constitutional order, depending on specific circumstances, for a circumscribed time and place. It also gives to the military authority enlarged powers which restrict civil liberties, and establishes the jurisdiction of military courts to judge non-military courts
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BORRE', MATTEO. "UN RIVOLUZIONARIO DURANTE L'ANTICO REGIME: JACQUES-VINCENT DELACROIX (1766-1789)". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/225564.
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The research aims to provide a first introductory look to the life and thought of Jacques-Vincent Delacroix (1743-1831), Avocat au Parlement in Paris during the Ancien Régime, a well-known professor of Public law at the Lycée from 1789 to 1793, Judge in Versailles since 1795 and author of a real bestsellers of the Revolutionary Era, the “Constitutions des principaux États de l’Europe et des États-Unis”.
Lawyer and man of letters who lived between the reign of Louis XV and the French Revolution of 1830, Delacroix has been both a prolific writer and an eye-witness of the political and cultural changes who finally lead to the creation of the Modern France.
So, the life of Delacroix became a case of study due to the fact that it helps to understand better the many ups-and-downs and the late successes of an entire generation, who asserted itself only at the end of the Ancien Régime and slowly became the trait d’union between the revolutionaries of 1789 and the men who arose again in defense of freedom in 1830.
This study, who wants also be a first contribution to a future fulfillment of a more specific political biography of Delacroix, takes shape as an interdisciplinary approach to his life – where the first part is a description of the put on trial of Delacroix in front of the Revolutionary Tribunal in 1795 and a report of both the contemporary and the historical debate that surrounded the event, the second one is a complete and revisited biographic profile, and the third one is a reconstruction of his carrier during the Ancien Régime – that finally lead to explain how Delacroix came closer to the revolutionary line-up and what are the origins of his following faithful, but always critical, acceptation of the ideals of 1789.
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Martin, Nicolas. "De la Chambre de commerce de La Rochelle aux bureaux de Versailles, les relations commerciales entre droit romain et Europe du Nord au XVIIIe siècle : la voile rochelaise dans l'ombre de la Hanse". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LAROD035.
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Créée en 1719 pour lancer une nouvelle représentation de la sphère « commerciale » au sein de la généralité, la Chambre de commerce de La Rochelle, point central d’une organisation institutionnelle complexe, participe activement à la vie politique et économique du royaume. Malgré la rivalité organique qui la fragilise, cette neuvième chambre parvient finalement à se présenter comme l’interlocuteur privilégié du négociant et son plus fervent défenseur. En tant qu’intermédiaire entre les rouages du pouvoir et les maisons de commerce, elle devient le pilier du négoce de la généralité et aussi sa mémoire, en collectant une abondante correspondance et de nombreux écrits touchant au commerce. Inscrite dans une logique de participation mais aussi de contestation, sa défense des intérêts locaux au sein du vaste intérêt national trouve tout particulièrement à s’exprimer dans les relations commerciales avec l’Europe du Nord. Certes, les préoccupations essentielles du commerce sont ailleurs, dans la mesure où ce circuit maritime ne saurait rivaliser en importance avec le trafic colonial et la traite négrière. Pour autant, les négociants rochelais n’entendent pas se résigner à la situation de fait qui prévaut dans la route du Nord : des denrées coloniales et des marchandises françaises fort convoitées par l’espace septentrional, mais transportées presque exclusivement sous pavillon étranger. Connus pour être de « grands disputeurs et faiseurs de mémoires », les Rochelais ne manquent pas d’analyser au fond les causes de la crise du commerce direct entre le Nord de l’Europe et le royaume. Ils dénoncent non seulement la mainmise quasi hégémonique des Anglais et des Hollandais sur cette voie d’échanges, mais également les mesures adoptées par les bureaux de Versailles qu’ils jugent trop timides. Cette réalité, expliquée jusqu’alors par des considérations d’ordre économique, politique et culturel, se colore de tout autres teintes si l’on prend en considération la norme juridique. Analysée à plusieurs niveaux et dans plusieurs dimensions, cette dernière révèle une inégalité de traitement manifeste entre négociants français et étrangers. Ententes diplomatiques, traités internationaux, législation douanière, cadre institutionnel, toutes les composantes de la règle de droit jouent un rôle important dans le fonctionnement de ce circuit maritime. Toutefois, la corrélation entre la règle de droit et le commerce du Nord ne saurait être appréhendée par la seule étude des échanges avec le port de La Rochelle. Le regard doit se porter également vers les modèles institutionnels et douaniers septentrionaux. Or ces derniers confirment que la spécificité de la norme juridique dans certains États du Nord constitue un élément déterminant de cette carte maritime. Et au-delà de ce constat, l’analyse attentive de l’un des plus anciens monuments du droit maritime médiéval, par ailleurs à l’origine de la ligue hanséatique, conduit à une singulière découverte : ce texte, connu sous le nom de « Lois de Visby » laisse transparaître, dans le berceau même de l’Europe du Nord, une très nette influence romaineCreated in 1719 to launch a new representation of the "trade” sphere within the general population, the La Rochelle Chamber of Commerce, the central point of a complex institutional organization, participates actively in the political and economic life of the kingdom. In spite of the organic rivalry which weakens it, this ninth Chamber succeeds finally in becoming the privileged representative of the trader and its most fervent supporter. As the middleman between the wheels of power and the trading companies, it becomes not only the mainstay of popular trade, but also its recorder, by collecting numerous items of correspondence and papers relating to trade. In a policy of both participation and dispute, its defense of local interests within the vast national interest is especially to be found in business relations with Northern Europe. Admittedly, the main trade concerns are elsewhere, as this maritime circuit could never compete in importance with colonial traffic and the slave trade. For all that, the Rochelais traders do not intend to give up - which is shown in the route to the North: colonial commodities and French products, strongly desired by the North, but transported almost exclusively under a foreign flag. Famous for being "big debaters and memory makers", the Rochelais do not fail to analyze the root causes of the direct business crisis between Northern Europe and the kingdom. They denounce not only the almost hegemonic control that both the English and the Dutch have over these trade routes, but also the measures adopted by the Versailles offices which they consider too timid. This reality, explained until then, by economic, political and cultural considerations, looks completely different if we consider the legal rule. Analyzed on several levels and in several dimensions, the latter reveals an obvious disparity of treatment between French and foreign traders. Diplomatic agreements, international treaties, customs legislation, institutional framework, all the components of legal rule, play an important role in the functioning of this maritime circuit. However, the correlation between legal rule and trade with the North could not be explained merely by the observance of trade exchanges with the port of La Rochelle. The northern institutional and customs models must also be examined. And yet these models confirm that the specificity of legal rule in some Northern States constitutes a determining element of this maritime chart. Furthermore, the careful analysis of one of the oldest monuments of medieval maritime law, at the origin of the Hanseatic league, leads to a singular discovery: this text, known by the name of "Lois de Visby" shows clearly, in the cradle of Northern Europe, a very clear Roman influence
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Pilátová, Lucie. "Nástin dějin lidských práv do jejich všeobecné deklarace". Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-331696.
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The thesis is focused on the history of human rights, and their evolution since the time of ancient Greece and Rome to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948. The aim of the work is to make reader acknowledged with major events which influenced the development of human rights. Described are the thoughts of philosophers and significant events that changed the course of development of human rights. There is depicted a situation in ancient Rome and Greece, the period of development of the Christian faith and the Middle Ages and significant modern milestones including French revolution and the emergence of Declaration of Human rights, the reign of Maria Theresa and her son Joseph II. who made o lots of reforms, or revolution of 1848 and finally the emergence of Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948.
Książki na temat "French Ancient Law"
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Foster, Longsdorf George, red. The cyclopedic dictionary of law: Comprising the terms and phrases of American jurisprudence, including ancient and modern common law, international law, and numerous select titles from the civil law, the French and Spanish law, etc., etc., with an exhaustive collection of legal maxims. Littleton, Colo: F.B. Rothman, 1987.
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Shumaker, Walter A. The cyclopedic dictionary of law: Comprising the terms and phrases of American jurisprudence, including ancient and modern common law, international law, and numerous select titles from the civil law, the French and the Spanish law, etc., etc., with an exhaustive collection of legal maxims. Littleton, Colo: F.B. Rothman, 1987.
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Canada, red. Bills, notes and cheques: The Bills of Exchange Act, 1890, Canada, and the acts amending the same : with notes and illustrations from Canadian, English and American decisions, and references to ancient and modern French law. Wyd. 3. Toronto: Carswell, 1996.
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Chiang, Wei. La légende de Mulan: Héroïne de la Chine antique = The legend of Mu Lan : a heroine of ancient China. Monterey, CA: Victory Press, 1992.
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Agnès, Spiquel, i Guérin Jeanyves, red. Les révolutions littéraires aux XIXe et XXe siècles: "a la fin, tu es las de ce monde ancien". Valenciennes: Presses universitaires de Valenciennes, 2007.
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Silva, Jean da. Le Salon de la Rose₊Croix: 1892-1897. Paris: Syros-Alternatives, 1991.
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usa. The Histories. London: Penguin Publishing, 2010.
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usa. Makedonia kai Makedones ston Hērodoto: Keimena, metaphrasē, hermēneutikes sēmeiōseis. Athēna: Ekdoseis Gkovostē, 1993.
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usa. Histories. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
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usa. The Landmark Herodotus. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2009.
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Kelley, Donald R. "Ancient Verses on New Ideas: Legal Tradition and the French Historical School". W The Writing of History and the Study of Law, VII—319—VII—338. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003556305-9.
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"Introductory: the French Prelude to Modern Historiography". W The Ancient Constitution and the Feudal Law, 1–29. Cambridge University Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511571459.003.
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"The Discovery of Feudalism: French and Scottish Historians". W The Ancient Constitution and the Feudal Law, 70–90. Cambridge University Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511571459.006.
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Huq, Aziz Z. "Seeding the rule of law". W The Rule of Law: A Very Short Introduction, 12–27. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780197657423.003.0002.
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Abstract The idea of the rule of law distills ideas that developed earlier under different rubrics and varying verbal formulations in both ancient and early modern theorizing about the state. This chapter focuses on the three most canonical figures—the ancient Greek thinker Aristotle, the French aristocrat and proto-sociologist Charles-Louis de Secondat (known too as the Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu, or just Montesquieu), and the English Whig thinker, political activist, and imperial administrator John Locke. These thinkers did not use the phrase “rule of law,” but nevertheless are commonly perceived as its forebearers. It then takes on the peculiar, persistent myth that the Magna Carta lies at the root of the rule of law—and rejects that idea as anything more than a fable.
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Aker, Simon Whitt. "The Reformulation of Contractual Formality". W Themes in Comparative Law, 199–217. Oxford University PressOxford, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199258567.003.0014.
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Abstract For the nineteenth century and much of the twentieth century, the general tendency of contract law in both the civilian systems of continental Europe and the English common law has been towards the diminution in the significance of contractual formalities. For some civil lawyers this tendency has been seen as a proper and desirable consequence of a consensualist vision of contracts, contrasting sharply with the supposed formalism of ancient Roman law. In the case of French law, this tendency towards contractual informality was given expression despite the terms of the Civil Code, notably as regarding ‘gift contracts’. While considerations of public policy ought properly to control the private law-making of parties to contracts, in principle whatever their form the expressions of their ‘autonomy’ should be given binding effect.
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Gordley, James. "The Structure of the Modern Civil and Common Law of Torts". W Foundations of Private Law, 159–81. Oxford University PressOxford, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199291670.003.0009.
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Abstract Neither the ancient Roman law nor the traditional common law had much to say about torts in general. They recognized what we would call particular torts, each with its own rules. The civil law eventually arrived at a unified concept of tort. Roman distinctions were regarded as peculiarities of Roman positive law and many eventually disappeared. As we will see, this change was again the work of the late scholastics of the 16th and early 17th centuries for whom the Roman actions were all directed at doing what Aristotle described as commutative justice in involuntary transactions. By this view, the defendant was liable if he was at fault for injuring the rights of the plaintiff. Liability without fault, which existed in Roman law, remained, but it was never satisfactorily explained. Again, many of their conclusions remained co shape modern civil law after the Aristotelian ideas on which they were originally based had been forgotten. Articles 1382-3 of the French Civil Code and§ 823(1) of the German Civil Code contain general provisions imposing liability on one who intentionally or negligently injures another’ s rights, although the German Code enumerates these rights and the French Code merely speaks of ‘ harm’ to the plaintiff (dommage). Neither code deals with strict liability, and the deficiency has been supplied, in France, by creative judicial interpretation, and in Germany, by special legislation.
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Barmash, Pamela. "Introduction". W The Laws of Hammurabi, 1–18. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197525401.003.0001.
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The fame of the ancient Babylonian king Hammurabi is due to the collection of laws written under his patronage. The Laws of Hammurabi was recopied for more than a thousand years after it was promulgated, and when the text of the Laws of Hammurabi was lost to history, the style and content exemplified in it left traces on the laws of other cultures. In December 1901–January 1902, during an excavation of Susa in present-day Iran, French archaeologists discovered the Laws of Hammurabi, inspiring great publicity and interest. It is crucial evidence for the history of law and for understanding the human experience in general.
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Brown, L. Neville, John S. Bell i Jean-Michel Galabert. "The Constitutional and Administrative Background". W French Administrative Law, 9–43. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198765134.003.0002.
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Abstract The ‘duality’ of the droit civil and the droit administratif in France, and more particularly the dual system of courts, cannot be under stood without some appreciation of French constitutional history and the present Constitution of the Fifth Republic. This is particularly important because the Conseil d’Etat was the child of the Revolution of 1789 and the period of the Consulate (1798-1802), although droit administratif itselfwas, as we shall see in a subsequent chapter, a later development. The course of French political history since the Revolution has been charted by repeated shifts of power between the executive and the representative assembly. On the one hand, there has been the authoritarian or Bonapartist tradition (inherited from the Ancien Regime) of autocratic rule based upon a powerful and centralized bureaucracy and acting more or less independently of parliament. On the other hand, there is the parliamentary tradition whereby the elected assembly imposes its will upon the executive, although still relying upon a strong bureaucracy.
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Gerstenblith, Patty. "Historical Appropriations/Historical Claims". W Cultural Objects and Reparative Justice, 59—C3N208. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192872104.003.0003.
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Abstract This chapter explores how the development of international law to protect the economic interests of colonizing and imperial countries at the expense of the colonized led to expropriations that continue to make it extremely difficult to carry out restitution today. Three examples of expropriations over the course of the nineteenth century are used to highlight the ongoing debate as to the proper location of cultural objects. The chapter first discusses three phases of the Parthenon Sculptures in ancient history, at the time of their expropriation by England, and as a modern example of the conflict between the rescue narrative and contextualism. The chapter then turns to the Yuanmingyuan Palace complex that was destroyed with its cultural artefacts appropriated in a display of domination by the British and the French over foreign trade. Finally, the chapter explores the Benin cultural objects looted during the British Punitive Expedition of 1897 and the lasting effects of colonialism and imperialism on cultural heritage.
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Von Reden, Sitta. "Re-evaluating Gernet: Value and Greek Myth". W From Myth to Reason?, 51–70. Oxford University PressOxford, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198152347.003.0003.
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Abstract Almost fifty years after its first publication, Louis Gernet’s’s article ‘La Notion mythique de la valeur en Grece’ is still widely read and frequently cited. This is not only because no similar study has been devoted to the same subject again, but also because of Gemet’s distinctive influence on the sixieme section of the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, on French structuralism, and especially on J.-P. Vemant. Yet despite the enduring importance that his work has had through the ‘Vemant school’ in international scholarship, and quite in contrast to his book and papers on law, Gernet’s’s article on value has been more frequently referred to than it has been engaged with in detail. This is all the more regrettable as its argument, to the extent that it concerns economic history, is far more radical than any advanced by Moses Finley, and anticipates a conceptual tum which is only now entering Anglo-American scholarship. More relevant still to this volume is the fact that the problem of value as Gernet poses it raises important questions about myth and logos in relation to the transformation of a premonetary to a monetary society in ancient Greece.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "French Ancient Law"
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Prelević-Plavšić, Snežana, i Živorad Rašević. "Evolution of the legal status of women in contractual relations: From discrimination to equality in business". W Employment, Education and Entrepreneurship 2024, 637–47. Faculty of Business Economics and Entrepreneurship, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5937/eee24059p.
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The fundamental principles of the European-continental legal systems, particularly regarding the status of natural persons, have their roots in Roman law. Roman law recognized a broad range of population categories, whose legal and business capacity, among other things, depended on the individual's social status within the family. Women held a specific legal status and were under the guardianship (tutela) or authority (manus) of a man, typically their father or husband. Their legal capacity was restricted, especially in terms of entering into contracts and other business dealings. The natural law school, which revived the ancient notion of inalienable natural rights (ius naturales), had a significant influence on the French bourgeois revolution, whose motto "liberté, fraternité, égalité" was embedded in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. The principle of legal equality, which presupposes the equal application of legal norms to all, reflects one of the fundamental principles of the rule of law and is considered a key tenet of a just legal system. However, the Global Gender Gap Report for 2023, published by the World Economic Forum, shows that the gender gap in the field of entrepreneurship stands at 31.6%. According to these figures, it will take an additional 131 years to achieve full gender equality in entrepreneurship globally, indicating that despite significant legal reforms that have improved the position of women in business, full gender equality in this area has not yet been attained.
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Dutzer, Michel, Jean Pierre Vervialle, Alain Andre´ i Albert Marchiol. "Centre de la Manche Institutional Control Period: After the First Safety Review". W ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59236.
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Centre de la Manche disposal facility is the first French surface disposal facility dedicated to low and intermediate level short lived radioactive waste. It started up in 1969. After a continuous improvement, in the design of disposal vaults, in operational modes, in the whole process of waste management, in the safety approach, the last packages were received in 1994. 527,000 m3 of waste packages have been disposed during the 25 years of operation. The facility was licensed for the institutional control period in 2003. The disposal vaults are covered with a multilayer capping system that includes a bituminous membrane to provide protection against rainwater infiltration. Water that might infiltrate through the membrane is collected by the bottom slab of the vaults to a pipe network implemented in an underground gallery. Measurements show an overall infiltration rate of about 3 l/m2/year that complies with the objective of Andra of a few liters per square meter and per year. Investigations are performed in order to assess the behavior of the membrane in the long term. For this purpose periodically samples of the bituminous membrane are taken and measurements are performed. As at the beginning of the operational period waste packages were not conditioned in accordance with the specifications that are presently prescribed to waste generators, some settlements can be observed on the ancient part or the facilities. At the end of 2009 some excavation works were performed in an area where a settlement of few tens of centimeters was observed. The integrity of the membrane could be observed and the adequacy of the selection of this option for the watertightness of the capping system was so confirmed. Environmental monitoring includes radiological and chemical measurements for discharge, underground water and surface water. In the particular framework of Centre de la Manche, a contamination of groundwater by tritiated wastes occurred in 1976. Theses wastes were removed in 1977 and 1978 but tritium can still be detected under the facility. However the impact to a hypothetical critical group, using only local water, is presently about 0,4 μSv per year (2009). A safety review of the facility was performed in 2009 by the regulatory body. It was noticed that the behavior of the facility was consistent with predictions. The progressive strategy proposed by Andra to improve the capping system, in particular to achieve long term stability of the slopes, was assessed. The process implemented by Andra to maintain memory of the facility was discussed. In this way the periodical safety reviews are part of the dynamic process through which the monitoring of the facility will become progressively more and more passive.