Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Free will and determinism

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Free will and determinism”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Free will and determinism"

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BERNSTEIN, SARA, i JESSICA WILSON. "Free Will and Mental Quausation". Journal of the American Philosophical Association 2, nr 2 (2016): 310–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/apa.2016.7.

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ABSTRACT:The questions of how to understand free will and mental causation are clearly connected, for events of seemingly free choosing are mental events that appear to be efficacious vis-à-vis other events. Nonetheless, the free will and mental causation debates have proceeded largely independently of each other. Here we aim to make progress in determining the mutual bearing of these debates. We first argue that the problems of free will and of mental causation can be seen as special cases of a more general problem of mental ‘quausation’, concerning whether and how mental events of a given type can be efficacious qua the types they are—qualitative, intentional, freely deliberative—given reasons to think such events are causally irrelevant. We go on to identify parallels between hard determinism and eliminativist physicalism and between soft determinism and nonreductive physicalism, and we use these parallels to identify a new argument against hard determinism and to reveal and motivate a common strategy underlying apparently diverse soft determinist accounts.
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Bhat, Abdur Rashid. "Free Will and Determinism". Journal of Islamic Philosophy 2, nr 1 (2006): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/islamicphil2006215.

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FREMLIN, J. H. "Free will and determinism". Nature 319, nr 6052 (styczeń 1986): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/319352a0.

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ROBINSON, JOSEPH D. "Free will and determinism". Nature 319, nr 6052 (styczeń 1986): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/319352c0.

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Nichols, Shaun. "Folk Intuitions on Free Will". Journal of Cognition and Culture 6, nr 1-2 (2006): 57–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853706776931385.

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AbstractThis paper relies on experimental methods to explore the psychological underpinnings of folk intuitions about free will and responsibility. In different conditions, people give conflicting responses about agency and responsibility. In some contexts, people treat agency as indeterminist; in other contexts, they treat agency as determinist. Furthermore, in some contexts people treat responsibility as incompatible with determinism, and in other contexts people treat responsibility as compatible with determinism. The paper considers possible accounts of the psychological mechanisms that underlie these conflicting responses.
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Zanetti, Luca. "Determinism and Judgment". European journal of analytic philosophy 15, nr 2 (12.12.2019): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31820/ejap.15.2.2.

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In a recent book entitled Free Will and Epistemology. A Defence of the Transcendental Argument for Freedom, Robert Lockie argues that the belief in determinism is self-defeating. Lockie’s argument hinges on the contention that we are bound to assess whether our beliefs are justified by relying on an internalist deontological conception of justification. However, the determinist denies the existence of the free will that is required in order to form justified beliefs according to such deontological conception of justification. As a result, by the determinist’s own lights, the very belief in determinism cannot count as justified. On this ground Lockie argues that we are bound to act and believe on the presupposition that we are free. In this paper I discuss and reject Lockie’s transcendental argument for freedom. Lockie’s argument relies on the assumption that in judging that determinism is true the determinist is committed to take it that there are epistemic obligations – e.g., the obligation to believe that determinism is true, or the obligation to aim to believe the truth about determinism. I argue that this assumption rests on a wrong conception of the interplay between judgments and commitments.
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HAYNES, SANDRA D. "FREE WILL, DETERMINISM, AND PUNISHMENT". Psychological Reports 93, nr 7 (2003): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.93.7.1013-1021.

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HAYNES, SANDRA D. "FREE WILL, DETERMINISM, AND PUNISHMENT". Psychological Reports 93, nr 8 (2003): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.93.8.1013-1021.

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KyungsukChoi. "Free Will and Neural Determinism". Korean Journal of Medical Ethics 16, nr 2 (sierpień 2013): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35301/ksme.2013.16.2.249.

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Rossi, Ernest Lawrence. "Chaos, determinism, and free will". Psychological Perspectives 20, nr 1 (styczeń 1989): 111–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00332928908407754.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Free will and determinism"

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Arthurs, Frank. "Free will, determinism, and moral responsibility". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6857/.

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The first half of this thesis is a survey of the PSR, followed by consideration of arguments for and against the principle. This survey spans from the Ancient Greeks to the present day, and gives the reader a sense of the ways in which the PSR has been used both implicitly and explicitly throughout the history of philosophy. I argue that, while none of the arguments either for or against the PSR provide conclusive evidence of its truth or falsity, we should adopt a presumption in its favour. The best hope the PSR sceptic has of demonstrating the PSR’s falsity would be to find empirical evidence of something non-deterministic, since the PSR entails determinism. The theory of libertarianism is considered as just such a counterexample; but I argue the evidence for libertarianism is flimsy, and so the presumption in favour of the PSR remains. The second half starts from the premise that the PSR—and hence also determinism—is true, and goes on to examine what implications this has for our moral responsibility practices. We examine incompatibilist arguments by van Inwagen and Galen Strawson, both of which appeal to the origination condition. I contend that these arguments are compelling precisely because the origination condition to which they appeal is compelling. This leaves us with a dilemma: it seems like we can either accept these incompatibilist arguments, which would require us to abandon our moral responsibility practices; or we could save our moral responsibility practices by adopting some form of compatibilism, but at the cost of denying the intuitively appealing origination condition. In fact, to avoid the costs of each horn of this dilemma, we can seek to create a ‘mixed view’ instead. We consider Vargas’s revisionism, Double’s free will subjectivism, and Smilansky’s illusionism and fundamental dualism, which help to shape the mixed view I argue for here: a consequentialist compatibilist theory of moral responsibility. This theory allows us to acknowledge the impossibility of true desert without dispensing with our responsibility practices.
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Cole, Ryan L. "Free will a compatibilist account /". Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2008/r_cole_112408.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in philosophy)--Washington State University, December 2008.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on Dec. 23, 2008). "Department of Philosophy." Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-39).
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Bobzien, Susanne. "Determinism and free will in Stoic philosophy". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334904.

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Whitney, Eoin. "Compatibilism of Causal Determinism and Free Will". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1017.

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An argument for the compatibility of causal determinism and free will. Draws on recently conducted philosophical experimentation related to intuition and development of the intuition of agent-causal accounts of free will in children. Argues that regardless of the intuition held, the manner in which people arise to these intuitions shows that the working definition of free will is different than people posit. Lays groundwork for why the working definition of free will is compatible with causal determinism.
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Laird, Kirstie. "Free will and mental causation". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365538.

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Wilson, David Thomas. "The nature of free will". Thesis, Electronic version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/385.

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Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University (Division of Society, Culture, Media & Philosophy, Dept. of Philosophy), 2006.
Bibliography: p. 218-228.
Free will and nature -- Metaphysical free will -- Incompatibilism -- Causal closure of the physical domain -- Free will and physics -- Free will within nature.
There is more than one problem of free will. Many philosophers approach the free will question seeking a foundation for systems of ethics or a justification for societal practices of praise and blame. ... Rather, I address the metaphysical question of how to accommodate free will within the natural world. I conclude that the natural world is not identical with the physical world and that it must contain entities or influences that are not physical in any current sense of that word.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
x, 228 p
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Inglis, Kelly. "Conscious will : illusion or reality? /". Thesis, View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B35881549.

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Perez, Edward Mario. "The philosophical problem of free will". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.

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Wilson, Kenneth Mitchell. "Augustine's conversion from traditional free choice to "non-free free will" : a comprehensive methodology". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:823cd43d-04f5-4c5d-ab0a-43be52ca1077.

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This thesis will explore whether Augustine of Hippo altered his theological views and what influences might have precipitated the alleged modifications. Augustine’s early "De libero arbitrio" argued for an individual’s ability to respond freely to God while his later anti-Pelagian writings rejected any human ability to believe until God infuses grace creating belief as his gift. Does his theology exhibit continuity or discontinuity? Four commonplace assertions within Augustinian studies are questioned in this thesis: 1.) Augustine changed his theology in AD 396; 2.) while he was writing the letter to Bishop Simplicianus (Simpl.); 3.) with his transition occurring through reading scripture (Rom.7, 9;1 Cor.15); 4.) which he developed through merely modifying prevalent doctrines. No scholarly work has researched Augustine’s entire corpus from AD 386–430 specifically analyzing his theology in the five final doctrines of: 1.) God giving initial faith as a gift, 2.) inherited damnable reatus from Adam, 3.) the gift of perseverance, 4.) unilateral pre-determination of persons’s eternal destinies independently of foreknowledge, and 5.) God’s neither desiring nor providing for the salvation of all persons. Only a comprehensive methodological approach—reading systematically, chronologically, and comprehensively through his entire corpus—can legitimately demonstrate changes. Did a Patristic consensus exist regarding post-Adamic free choice? What was Augustine’s contribution to this theology? To what degree did the combination of Stoicism, Neoplatonism, and Manichaeism contribute to his liberum arbitrium captivatum? Chapters include an introduction followed by chapters on free choice versus determinism in the: 1.) ancient philosophical-religious world, 2.) Christian authors AD 95–215, 3.) Christian authors AD 216–430, 4.) Augustine’s works AD 386–395, 5.) Augustine’s works AD 396–411, 6.) Augustine’s works AD 412–426, 7.) Augustine’s works AD 427–430, 8.) sermons and epistles, 9.) Augustine’s exegesis of scripture, and 10.) conclusion. Conclusions will be established via extensive primary quotations and references with supporting secondary sources.
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Choi, Jung K. "Balthazar Hubmaier's understanding of free will". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2008. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p001-1199.

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Książki na temat "Free will and determinism"

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Scardigli, Fabio, Gerard 't Hooft, Emanuele Severino i Piero Coda. Determinism and Free Will. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05505-9.

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John, Baer, Kaufman James C i Baumeister Roy F, red. Are we free?: Psychology and free will. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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John, Baer, Kaufman James C i Baumeister Roy F, red. Are we free?: Psychology and free will. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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Mark, Bernstein, red. Free will, determinism, and moral responsibility. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1994.

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1957-, Pereboom Derk, red. Free will. Wyd. 2. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Pub. Co., 2009.

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1957-, Pereboom Derk, red. Free will. Wyd. 2. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Pub. Co., 2009.

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Honderich, Ted. A theory of determinism. Oxford [England]: Clarendon Press, 1990.

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Honderich, Ted. A theory of determinism. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.

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Willmott, Chris. Biological Determinism, Free Will and Moral Responsibility. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30391-8.

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Yezzi, Ronald. Philosophical problems: God, free will, and determinism. Mankato, Minn: G. Bruno, 1993.

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Części książek na temat "Free will and determinism"

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Earman, John. "Determinism and Free Will". W A Primer on Determinism, 235–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9072-8_12.

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Scardigli, Fabio, Gerard ’t Hooft, Emanuele Severino i Piero Coda. "Introduction". W Determinism and Free Will, 1–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05505-9_1.

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Scardigli, Fabio, Gerard ’t Hooft, Emanuele Severino i Piero Coda. "Free Will in the Theory of Everything". W Determinism and Free Will, 21–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05505-9_2.

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Scardigli, Fabio, Gerard ’t Hooft, Emanuele Severino i Piero Coda. "Phenomenology, Freedom, Causality, and the Origin of Western Civilization". W Determinism and Free Will, 49–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05505-9_3.

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Scardigli, Fabio, Gerard ’t Hooft, Emanuele Severino i Piero Coda. "Grace, Freedom, Relation". W Determinism and Free Will, 79–119. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05505-9_4.

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Frede, Dorothea. "Aristotle and the Discovery of Determinism". W Free Will, 45–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61136-1_3.

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Ayer, A. J. "Free-Will and Determinism". W Logical Foundations, 119–30. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21232-3_13.

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Willmott, Chris. "Free Will and Determinism". W Biological Determinism, Free Will and Moral Responsibility, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30391-8_1.

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Franks, David D. "Determinism and Free Will". W Neurosociology, 181–202. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5531-9_10.

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Weinert, Friedel. "Determinism and Free Will". W The Demons of Science, 101–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31708-3_12.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Free will and determinism"

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Genovese, M., i F. Piacentini. "On determinism, realism, non-locality and free will". W FOUNDATIONS OF PROBABILITY AND PHYSICS - 6. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3688956.

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Wahyudi, Ezra Putranto, i Bagus Takwin. "The Relationship between Passionate Love with Belief in Free Will, Belief in Determinism and Second-Order Volition". W Universitas Indonesia International Psychology Symposium for Undergraduate Research (UIPSUR 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/uipsur-17.2018.26.

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Cvitanović, Predrag, i Domenico Lippolis. "Knowing when to stop: How noise frees us from determinism". W LET'S FACE CHAOS THROUGH NONLINEAR DYNAMICS: 8th International Summer School/Conference. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4745574.

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Gotoda, Hiroshi, Kenta Hayashi, Ryosuke Tsujimoto, Shohei Domen i Shigeru Tachibana. "Dynamical Properties of Combustion Instability in a Laboratory-Scale Gas-Turbine Model Combustor". W ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-58170.

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We present an experimental study on nonlinear dynamics of combustion instability in a lean premixed gas-turbine model combustor with a swirl-stabilized turbulent flame. Intermittent combustion oscillations switching irregularly back and forth between a burst and pseudo-periodic oscillations exhibit the deterministic nature of chaos. This is clearly demonstrated by considering two nonlinear forecasting methods: the extended version [1] of the Sugihara & May algorithm [2] as a local predictor, and the generalized radial basis function network as a global predictor [3], [4]. The former enables us to extract the short-term predictability and long-term unpredictability nature of chaos, while the latter can produce surrogate data to test for determinism as a free running approach. Permutation entropy is estimated by a symbolic sequence approach for the surrogate data to test for determinism and is also used as an online detector to prevent lean blowout.
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Rajesh, Vazhayil Govindan, i V. N. Narayanan Namboothiri. "Utilizing Recurrence Quantification Analysis for Chatter Detection in Turning". W ASME 2010 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2010-34222.

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Recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) quantifies the number and duration of recurrences of the nonlinear dynamical system presented by its phase space trajectory. The present work analyzes the dynamics of the cutting process in a lathe by studying the recurrent behavior of the system using RQA. It reports the capability of this analysis to detect the transition from chatter free cutting to chatter cutting which occurs due to instability of the cutting process, during the turning operation. The study reveals that the RQA variable, percent determinism is sensitive to this transition. It is found that the value of this variable increases when chatter occurs.
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Robinette, Darrell, Michael Grimmer i Randall Beikmann. "Determining Physical Properties for Rotating Components Using a Free-Free Torsional FRF Technique". W SAE 2011 Noise and Vibration Conference and Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-1663.

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Nagarajan, Sudhagar, Toni Schenk i Beata Csatho. "Determining camera pose using free-form lines". W 2010 Western New York Image Processing Workshop (WNYIPW). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wnyipw.2010.5649747.

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Nava, Vincenzo, Felice Arena i Alessandra Romolo. "Non-Linear Random Wave Groups With a Superimposed Current". W 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92477.

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In this paper a new solution for non-linear random wave groups in the presence of a uniform current is obtained, by extending to the second-order the Boccotti’s ‘Quasi-Determinism’ (QD) theory. The second formulation of the QD theory gives the mechanics of linear random wave groups when a large crest-to-trough wave height occurs. Here the linear QD theory is firstly applied to the wave-current interaction. Therefore the nonlinear expressions both of free surface displacement and velocity potential are obtained, to the second-order in a Stokes’ expansion. Finally some numerical applications are presented in order to analyze both the wave profile and the wave kinematics.
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Yeandel, Stephen, Emma Armstrong, Veselina Marinova, Colin Freeman i John Harding. "Determining the free energy of aqueous mineral interfaces". W Goldschmidt2023. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2023.15813.

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Haglund, R. F. "Scientific and Technological Applications of Free-Electron Lasers in Ultraviolet Photon-Stimulated Desorption Spectroscopy". W Free-Electron Laser Applications in the Ultraviolet. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fel.1988.thc2.

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Discussions of photon-surface interactions have traditionally been cast in terms of the collective properties (e.g., the heat capacity or the optical susceptibility) of the irradiated material. However, the development of lasers and synchrotron light sources, coupled with innovative applications of both mass and optical spectroscopy, is making it possible to study photon-surface interactions at an atomic scale by determining the quantum states of atoms and molecules at and near material surfaces. Short-wavelength free-electron lasers operating in the XUV and VUV regions of the spectrum offer some exciting prospects for novel photon-matter interaction experiments which take advantage of the FEL's intrinsic properties of narrow bandwidth, high intensity, short temporal pulse length and coherence. In this review, we examine some of the ways in which free-electron lasers in the VUV and XUV can lead both to new tools for studying photon-surface interactions through uv-photon-stimulated-desorption (PSD) spectroscopy, and to new developments in optical technology which might help solve certain pressing technological needs of XUV FELs.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Free will and determinism"

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Price, J. T., J. MacDougal, R. Villeneuve i J. F. Gransden. Methods for determining pellet volumes and effect on free swelling indices. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/302661.

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Barlo. L51551 Quick and Accurate Method to Determine the Free-Corrosion Potential of a Buried Pipeline. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), wrzesień 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010523.

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Velychko, Vladyslav Ye, Elena H. Fedorenko i Darja A. Kassim. Conceptual Bases of Use of Free Software in the Professional Training of Pre-Service Teacher of Mathematics, Physics and Computer Science. [б. в.], listopad 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2667.

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The development of education is associated primarily with the use of ICT. A significant experience is already gained in how to use educational computer systems while new forms and methods of learning based on modern information technology are being developed and used. In relation to free software, a period when the quantity should translate into quality and an indicator of such translation is development of the concept of the introduction of free software in educational activities of universities. The proposed concept, let’s take Ukraine as an example, determines the main aim of introduction of free software in the training of pre-service of Mathematics, Physics and Computer Science; defines the objectives, measures, principles, the role and value of free software in the informatization process and results of its implementation.
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Goetsch, Arthur L., Yoav Aharoni, Arieh Brosh, Ryszard (Richard) Puchala, Terry A. Gipson, Zalman Henkin, Eugene D. Ungar i Amit Dolev. Energy Expenditure for Activity in Free Ranging Ruminants: A Nutritional Frontier. United States Department of Agriculture, czerwiec 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696529.bard.

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Heat production (HP) or energy expenditure for activity (EEa) is of fundamental nutritional importance for livestock because it determines the proportion of ingested nutrients available for productive functions. Previous estimates of EEa are unreliable and vary widely with different indirect methodologies. This leads to erroneous nutritional strategies, especially when intake on pasture does not meet nutritional requirements and supplementation is necessary for acceptable production. Therefore, the objective of this project was to measure EEa in different classes of livestock (beef cattle and goats) over a wide range of ecological and management conditions to develop and evaluate simple means of prediction. In the first study in Israel, small frame (SF) and large frame (LF) cows (268 and 581 kg) were monitored during spring, summer, and autumn. Feed intake by SF cows per unit of metabolic weight was greater (P < 0.001) than that by LF cows in both spring and summer and their apparent selection of higher quality herbage in spring was greater (P < 0.10) than that of LF cows. SF cows grazed more hours per day and walked longer distances than the LF cows during all seasons. The coefficient of specific costs of activities (kJ•kg BW-0.75•d-1) and of locomotion (J•kg BW-0.75•m-1) were smaller for the SF cows. In the second study, cows were monitored in March, May, and September when they grazed relatively large plots, 135 and 78 ha. Energy cost coefficients of standing, grazing, and horizontal locomotion derived were similar to those of the previous study based on data from smaller plots. However, the energy costs of walking idle and of vertical locomotion were greater than those found by Brosh et al. (2006) but similar to those found by Aharoni et al. (2009). In the third study, cows were monitored in February and May in a 78-ha plot with an average slope of 15.5°, whereas average plot slopes of the former studies ranged between 4.3 and 6.9°. Energy cost coefficients of standing, grazing, and walking idle were greater than those calculated in the previous studies. However, the estimated energy costs of locomotion were lower in the steeper plot. A comparison on a similar HP basis, i.e., similar metabolizable energy (ME) intake, shows that the daily energy spent on activities in relation to daily HP increased by 27% as the average plot slope increased from 5.8 and 6.02 to 15.5°. In the fourth study, cows grazing in a woodland habitat were monitored as in previous studies in December, March, and July. Data analysis is in progress. In the first US experiment, Boer and Spanish does with two kids were used in an experiment beginning in late spring at an average of 24 days after kidding. Two does of each breed resided in eight 0.5-ha grass/forb pastures. Periods of 56, 60, 63, 64, and 73 days in length corresponded to mid-lactation, early post-weaning, the late dry period, early gestation, and mid-gestation. EEa expressed as a percentage of the ME requirement for maintenance plus activity in confinement (EEa%) was not influenced by stocking rate, breed, or period, averaging 49%. Behavioral activities (e.g., time spent grazing, walking, and idle, distance traveled) were not highly related to EEa%, although no-intercept regressions against time spent grazing/eating and grazing/eating plus walking indicated an increase in EEa% of 5.8 and 5.1%/h, respectively. In the second study, animal types were yearling Angora doeling goats, yearling Boer wether goats, yearling Spanish wether goats, and Rambouilletwether sheep slightly more than 2 yr of age. Two animals of each type were randomly allocated to one of four pastures 9.3, 12.3, 4.6, and 1.2 ha in area. The experiment was conducted in the summer with three periods, 30, 26, and 26 days in length. EEa% was affected by an interaction between animal type and period (Angora: 16, 17, and 15; Boer: 60, 67, and 34; Spanish: 46, 62, and 42; sheep: 22, 12, and 22% in periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively (SE = 6.1)). EEa% of goats was predicted with moderate accuracy (R2 = 0.40-0.41) and without bias from estimates of 5.8 and 5.1%/h spent grazing/eating and grazing/eating plus walking, respectively, determined in the first experiment; however, these methods were not suitable for sheep. These methods of prediction are simpler and more accurate than currently recommended for goats by the National Research Council.
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Hertel, Thomas, David Hummels, Maros Ivanic i Roman Keeney. How Confident Can We Be in CGE-Based Assessments of Free Trade Agreements? GTAP Working Paper, czerwiec 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp26.

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With the proliferation of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) over the past decade, demand for quantitative analysis of their likely impacts has surged. The main quantitative tool for performing such analysis is Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modeling. Yet these models have been widely criticized for performing poorly (Kehoe, 2002) and having weak econometric foundations (McKitrick, 1998; Jorgenson, 1984). FTA results have been shown to be particularly sensitive to the trade elasticities, with small trade elasticities generating large terms of trade effects and relatively modest efficiency gains, whereas large trade elasticities lead to the opposite result. Critics are understandably wary of results being determined largely by the authors’ choice of trade elasticities. Where do these trade elasticities come from? CGE modelers typically draw these elasticities from econometric work that uses time series price variation to identify an elasticity of substitution between domestic goods and composite imports (Alaouze, 1977; Alaouze, et al., 1977; Stern et al., 1976; Gallaway, McDaniel and Rivera, 2003). This approach has three problems: the use of point estimates as “truth”, the magnitude of the point estimates, and estimating the relevant elasticity. First, modelers take point estimates drawn from the econometric literature, while ignoring the precision of these estimates. As we will make clear below, the confidence one has in various CGE conclusions depends critically on the size of the confidence interval around parameter estimates. Standard “robustness checks” such as systematically raising or lowering the substitution parameters does not properly address this problem because it ignores information about which parameters we know with some precision and which we do not. A second problem with most existing studies derives from the use of import price series to identify home vs. foreign substitution, for example, tends to systematically understate the true elasticity. This is because these estimates take price variation as exogenous when estimating the import demand functions, and ignore quality variation. When quality is high, import demand and prices will be jointly high. This biases estimated elasticities toward zero. A related point is that the fixed-weight import price series used by most authors are theoretically inappropriate for estimating the elasticities of interest. CGE modelers generally examine a nested utility structure, with domestic production substitution for a CES composite import bundle. The appropriate price series is then the corresponding CES price index among foreign varieties. Constructing such an index requires knowledge of the elasticity of substitution among foreign varieties (see below). By using a fixed-weight import price series, previous estimates place too much weight on high foreign prices, and too small a weight on low foreign prices. In other words, they overstate the degree of price variation that exists, relative to a CES price index. Reconciling small trade volume movements with large import price series movements requires a small elasticity of substitution. This problem, and that of unmeasured quality variation, helps explain why typical estimated elasticities are very small. The third problem with the existing literature is that estimates taken from other researchers’ studies typically employ different levels of aggregation, and exploit different sources of price variation, from what policy modelers have in mind. Employment of elasticities in experiments ill-matched to their original estimation can be problematic. For example, estimates may be calculated at a higher or lower level of aggregation than the level of analysis than the modeler wants to examine. Estimating substitutability across sources for paddy rice gives one a quite different answer than estimates that look at agriculture as a whole. When analyzing Free Trade Agreements, the principle policy experiment is a change in relative prices among foreign suppliers caused by lowering tariffs within the FTA. Understanding the substitution this will induce across those suppliers is critical to gauging the FTA’s real effects. Using home v. foreign elasticities rather than elasticities of substitution among imports supplied from different countries may be quite misleading. Moreover, these “sourcing” elasticities are critical for constructing composite import price series to appropriate estimate home v. foreign substitutability. In summary, the history of estimating the substitution elasticities governing trade flows in CGE models has been checkered at best. Clearly there is a need for improved econometric estimation of these trade elasticities that is well-integrated into the CGE modeling framework. This paper provides such estimation and integration, and has several significant merits. First, we choose our experiment carefully. Our CGE analysis focuses on the prospective Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA) currently under negotiation. This is one of the most important FTAs currently “in play” in international negotiations. It also fits nicely with the source data used to estimate the trade elasticities, which is largely based on imports into North and South America. Our assessment is done in a perfectly competitive, comparative static setting in order to emphasize the role of the trade elasticities in determining the conventional gains/losses from such an FTA. This type of model is still widely used by government agencies for the evaluation of such agreements. Extensions to incorporate imperfect competition are straightforward, but involve the introduction of additional parameters (markups, extent of unexploited scale economies) as well as structural assumptions (entry/no-entry, nature of inter-firm rivalry) that introduce further uncertainty. Since our focus is on the effects of a PTA we estimate elasticities of substitution across multiple foreign supply sources. We do not use cross-exporter variation in prices or tariffs alone. Exporter price series exhibit a high degree of multicolinearity, and in any case, would be subject to unmeasured quality variation as described previously. Similarly, tariff variation by itself is typically unhelpful because by their very nature, Most Favored Nation (MFN) tariffs are non-discriminatory in nature, affecting all suppliers in the same way. Tariff preferences, where they exist, are often difficult to measure – sometimes being confounded by quantitative barriers, restrictive rules of origin, and other restrictions. Instead we employ a unique methodology and data set drawing on not only tariffs, but also bilateral transportation costs for goods traded internationally (Hummels, 1999). Transportation costs vary much more widely than do tariffs, allowing much more precise estimation of the trade elasticities that are central to CGE analysis of FTAs. We have highly disaggregated commodity trade flow data, and are therefore able to provide estimates that precisely match the commodity aggregation scheme employed in the subsequent CGE model. We follow the GTAP Version 5.0 aggregation scheme which includes 42 merchandise trade commodities covering food products, natural resources and manufactured goods. With the exception of two primary commodities that are not traded, we are able to estimate trade elasticities for all merchandise commodities that are significantly different form zero at the 95% confidence level. Rather than producing point estimates of the resulting welfare, export and employment effects, we report confidence intervals instead. These are based on repeated solution of the model, drawing from a distribution of trade elasticity estimates constructed based on the econometrically estimated standard errors. There is now a long history of CGE studies based on SSA: Systematic Sensitivity Analysis (Harrison and Vinod, 1992; Wigle, 1991; Pagon and Shannon, 1987) Ho
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Trugman, Daniel Taylor. Do large and small earthquakes start alike? Rupture determinism and earthquake early warning. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), styczeń 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1492559.

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Kimble, Ashley, Derek Muensterman, Liliana Cahuas, Ivan Titaley, Jennifer Field, Anthony Bednar i Lee Moores. Extraction and analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) from Meals Ready-to-Eat (MRE) films using GC-MS and LC-MS/MS. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), maj 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47114.

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This work was in response to the Defense Logistic Agency’s (DLA) Subsistence Network Broad Agency Announcement, BAA-0003-16 addressing 2019 NDAA Section 329 that states packaging materials used for Meals Ready-to-Eat (MRE) that contact food products must be free of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). This was addressed by determining the presence or absence of PFAS on MREs by extraction followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Any samples positive for PFAS were quantitated using LC triple quadrupole (QqQ) MS at the US Army Engineering and Research Development Center (ERDC) and by high resolution quadrupole time-of-flight (qTOF) MS and GC-MS at Oregon State University (OSU).
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Wiles, Janet. Bio-Inspired Computation: Clock-Free, Grid-Free, Scale-Free and Symbol Free. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, czerwiec 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada626811.

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Watts, Christopher A. Chaos and simple determinism in reversed field pinch plasmas: Nonlinear analysis of numerical simulation and experimental data. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), wrzesień 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10189484.

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Lara, Juan. Free Enterprise. Redaktor Ángel Carrión-Tavárez. Puerto Rico Institute for Economic Liberty, grudzień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53095/13582002.

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What is free enterprise? What role does it play in the economy and how does it relate to economic liberty? Why do different ways of interfering with free enterprise persist? What problems can interference with free enterprise cause? Under what circumstances is limiting the space for free enterprise justified?
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