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1
Boris, Jakovljević. "Optimalno i suboptimalno podešavanje parametara robusnih linearnih regulatora necelog reda". Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2015. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=94916&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Rad je posvećen robusnom upravljanju sistemima čiji je linearni regulator i/ili dinamika necelog reda, kao i upravljačkim problemima gde regulator necelog reda u sebi poseduje i linearnu i nelinearnu dinamiku, a koji upravlja procesima čija dinamika može i linearna i nelinearna.The thesys is dedicated to robust control systems problems with linearcontrollers and/or process dynamics of noninteger order, as well as controlissues with combination of linear and nonlinear controllers of nonintegerorder that control either linear or nonlinear systems.
2
Wallace, Rick L., i Nakia J. Woodward. "A Blueprint for Tomorrow: FPIN-The Family Practice Inquiries Network". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8775.
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Regan, Amanda D. "Assessing the Role of Smaller Format Retailers on the Food Desert Landscape in Dallas, Texas". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271885/.
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Many policy and business decisions regarding food deserts in the U.S. are based on the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) definition of a food desert. This definition only includes large/national chain grocery retailers, based on the assumption that these major retailers are the only affordable sources of food contributing to balanced diets. As alternative distribution channels, including smaller stores, start to include groceries in their product offering, the need to consider the role of other businesses in the food retailing environment should be addressed. This thesis assesses the role of smaller format grocery retailers (small local grocers, convenience stores, gas stations, dollar stores, and drug stores) in shaping the food desert landscape in Dallas, Texas. The analysis evaluates the products offered in these stores, and then identifies the difference these stores make when included in the USDA analysis. This was done by collecting in-store data to determine the variety of products offered, the affordability of those products, and the overall healthfulness of the store. In addition, the gaps in supply and demand were identified in the USDA-defined food deserts in order to identify the impact any smaller format retailer may have. The findings suggest that, overall, smaller format retailers do offer a variety of products needed for a balanced diet. However, the products in these stores are mostly not affordable, and most stores offer more unhealthy foods, than unhealthy. Overall, results suggest dollar stores may play a role in alleviating the impact of food deserts.
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Antony-Debré, Iléana. "Fpd/aml : diagnostic et modélisation d'anomalies de Runx 1". Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077049.
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La maladie FPD/AML (thrombopénie familiale avec prédisposition aux leucémies aiguës myéloïdes) est due à des anomalies constitutives de RUNX1, facteur de transcription indispensable à l'hématopoïèse définitive. Dans un premier travail, nous avons proposé un nouveau moyen diagnostique des altérations de RUNX1. La myosine MYH10, normalement réprimée par RUNX1 au cours de la mégacaryopoïèse, persiste dans les plaquettes de patients FPD/AML contrairement aux patients atteints d'autres thrombopénies constitutionnelles, à l'exception des patients Paris-Trousseau. Ce nouvel outil diagnostique peut permettre également d'identifier des mutations acquises de RUNX1 dans la leucémie myélomonocytaire chronique. Nous avons ensuite modélisé la maladie FPD/AML en dérivant des cellules souches pluripotentes induites (iPSC) à partir de fibroblastes de plusieurs patients FPD/AML, porteurs de différentes anomalies de RUNX1. Nous avons reproduit les phénotypes observés chez les patients avec des défauts de génération du compartiment mégacaryocytaire et de plaquettogenèse pour toutes les lignées ; et une amplification du compartiment granulo-monocytaire uniquement avec les lignées porteuses de la mutation prédisposant à la leucémie. Nous avons mis en évidence, pour la première fois, un défaut de génération du compartiment érythrocytaire primitif embryonnaire. Ces résultats ont été confirmés en utilisant une lignée de cellules souches embryonnaires transduite par un shARN dirigé contre RUNX1. Notre modèle est donc validé, et pourra être utilisé dans le futur pour identifier de nouveaux mécanismes impliqués dans la mégacaryopoïèse et dans la leucémogenèseFPD/AML (familial platelet disorder with predisposition to acute myeloid leukemia) results from constitutive alterations of RUNX1, a hematopoietic transcription factor essential to definitive hematopoiesis. In the first part of our work, we proposed a new diagnostic test to detect RUNX1 alterations. We showed that MYH10, which is regulated negatively by RUNX1 during megakaryopoiesis, persisted in platelets from FPD/AML patients. MYHIO persistence was not detected in platelets from patients with other constitutional thrombocytopenia, except from patients with Paris-Trousseau syndrome. This new test could be used also to detect RUNX1 alterations in acquired haematological disorders like chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. In a second work, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from fibroblasts of FPD/AML patients with different RUNX1 alterations, in order to model the pathology. We reproduced the phenotype already described in patients with defect in megakaryocytic lineage whatever RUNX1 alterations and increase in granulo-monocytic compartment only with the mutation which predisposes to leukemia. We highlighted for the first time that RUNX1 is necessary also for erythroid lineage. We confirmed these results after RUNX1 knock down in an embryonic stem cell line. In conclusion we validated our model and now we can use it to study the mechanisms leading to dysmegakaryopoiesis and predisposition to leukemia in FPD/AML patients
5
Unadkat, Heema. "Investigation of turbulence modulation in solid-liquid suspensions using FPIV and micromixing experiments". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6377.
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The focus of this thesis is the study of turbulent solid-liquid stirred suspensions, which are involved in many common unit operations in the chemical, pharmaceutical and food industries. The studies of two-phase flows present a big challenge to researchers due to the complexity of experiments; hence there is a lack of quantitative solid and liquid hydrodynamic measurements. Therefore, an investigation of turbulence modulation by dispersed particles on the surrounding fluid in stirred vessels has been carried out, via two-phase fluorescent Particle Image Velocimetry (FPIV) and micromixing experiments. The main property of interest has been the local dissipation rate, as well as root-mean-square (rms) velocities and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) of the fluid. Initially a single-phase PIV study was conducted to investigate the flow field generated by a sawtooth (EkatoMizer) impeller. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into various PIV techniques before moving on to more complex two-phase flows. Subsequently stereo-, highspeed and angle-resolved measurements were obtained. The EkatoMizer formed a good case study as information regarding its hydrodynamics is not readily available in literature, hence knowledge has been extended in this area. An analysis of the mean flow field elucidated the general structure of fluid drawn into the impeller region axially and discharged radially; the latter characterised the impeller stream. The radial rms velocity was considered to represent best the system turbulence, even though the tangential rms velocity was greater close to the blade; however the radial component was more prevalent in the discharge stream. Due to differences in rms velocities, TKE estimates obtained from two and three velocity components deviated, being greater in the latter case. Integral (1-D and 2-D) length scales were overestimated by the quantity W / 2 in the impeller region. Ratios of longitudinal-to-lateral length scales also indicated flow anisotropy (as they deviated from 2:1). The anisotropy tensor showed that the flow was anisotropic close to the blade, and returned to isotropy further away from the impeller. Instantaneous vector plots revealed vortices in the discharge stream, but these were not associated with flow periodicity. Alternatively, the vortex structures were interpreted as low frequency phenomena between 0-200 Hz; macro-instabilities were found to have a high probability of occurrence in the discharge stream. Dissipation is the turbulent property of most interest as it directly influences micromixing processes, and its calculation is also the most difficult to achieve. Its direct determination from definition requires highly resolved data. Alternative methods have been proposed in the literature, namely dimensional analysis, large eddy simulation (LES) analogy and deduction from the TKE balance. All methods were employed using 2-D and 3-D approximations from stereo-PIV data. The LES analogy was deemed to provide the best estimate, since it accounts for three-dimensionality of the flow and models turbulence at the smallest scales using a subgrid scale model. (Continues...).
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Szablowski, David. "Re-Packaging FPIC: Contesting the Shape of Corporate Responsability,Sate Authority, and Indigenous Governance". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/78673.
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El presente artículo explora la disputa vigente sobre el principio queindica que se requiere el consentimiento libre, previo e informado(CLPI) de un pueblo indígena para autorizar la extracción industrialen su territorio. A partir de los aportes de la obra de Tsing acerca delas conexiones globales, el trabajo analiza cómo es que los actoresinterconectados en redes se empeñan en llevar adelante ampliosproyectos de colaboración (como el reconocimiento de los derechosindígenas) empleando estrategias de persuasión. Se discutenlos esfuerzos realizados por el movimiento indígena transnacionalpara promover el concepto del CLPI, así como tres ejemplos en losque diferentes actores buscan apropiarse y recaracterizar el CLPIpara que calce en sus propias metas.En este trabajo propongo examinar cómo los proyectos gubernamentalesglobales rivales son promovidos y disputados por las redesdescentralizadas que unen a actores que operan a diferentes escalas.Sostengo que la noción de Tsing de «paquetes itinerantes» ofreceuna manera útil de conceptualizar los medios por los cuales loselementos de estos proyectos son difundidos, traducidos, acogidosy adaptados en diferentes localidades alrededor del mundo. Analizoestas dinámicas en relación con el cuestionamiento al modelo degobernanza basado en el principio de que se necesita el consentimientolibre, previo e informado (CLPI) de un pueblo indígenapara autorizar acciones que puedan impactar sobre un territorio o derechos indígenas. A través de la promoción de diferentes versionesde CLPI, los actores interconectados en red están disputandola naturaleza y la forma de la responsabilidad social empresarial,la autoridad del Estado y la relevancia de la gobernanza indígena.Propongo explorar las implicaciones de las diferentes estrategias deempaquetamiento para la disputa entre modelos rivales de gobernanzay para su propensión a ser acogidos en los sitios locales.In this paper, I propose to examine how rival global governmentalprojects are asserted and contested by decentralized networks thatlink actors operating at different scales. I argue that Tsing’s notionof «travelling packages» provides a useful way of conceptualizingthe means by which elements of these projects are diffused, translated,taken up, and adapted into different localities around theworld. I explore these dynamics in relation to the contestation of agovernance model based on the principle that the free, prior andinformed consent (FPIC) of an indigenous people is required toauthorize actions that may affect upon indigenous territory or indigenousrights. Through the assertion of different versions of FPIC,networked actors are contesting the nature and shape of corporatesocial responsibility, the authority of the state, and the significanceof indigenous governance. I propose to explore the implicationsof different packaging strategies on the contestation between rivalgovernance models and on their propensity for uptake in local sites.
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Manchev, Vladimir. "Pathogenesis in two inherited thrombocytopenias : PRKACG-related disease and FPD/AML". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC201.
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Ce travail étudie les mécanismes physiopathologiques de deux thrombopénies héréditaires (TH). Premièrement on identifie des anomalies génétiques causant une nouvelle TH de transmission autosomique récessive, associée à une tendance au saignement et un défaut de réorganisation du cytosquelette de formation des proplaquettes (PPT) et d'activation des plaquettes. On identifie par séquençage exomique une mutation homozygote du gène PRKACG qui entraîne une perte de fonction. On montre que la mutation est associé à un défaut important dans la formation des PPT ainsi qu'à une diminution de filamin A dans les mégacaryocytes La surexpression de la forme WT de PRKACG restaure le phénotype in vitro observé chez les patients confirmant. La deuxième TH étudiée est FPD/AML qui est causée par des mutations dans le gène RUNX1. Certaines mutations prédisposent aussi aux leucémies et pour comprendre comment on a établi des lignées de cellules souches pluripotentes induites (iPSC) à partir de 2 familles porteurs des mutations germinales. La première porte une mutation R174Q qui agit comme un dominant-négative (DN) et qui cause TH et prédisposition aux leucémies ; la deuxième porte une délétion monoallelique du gène induisant une haploinsuffisance qui cause seulement une TH. L'étude de l'hématopoïèse à partir de ces iPSC a montré un défaut profond dans l'érythropoïèse et dans la megakaryopoiesis ainsi qu'une forte dérégulation des gènes cible de RUNX1. Seulement les progéniteurs issus des iPSC DN montre une augmentation des granulo/mono-cytes, un phénotype reproduit par le knockdown de 80% de RUNX1 dans les cellules souches embryonnaires H9, ainsi qu'une augmentation dans l'instabilité génomiqueIn this work we study the pathogenesis in two distinct inherited thrombocytopenias (IT). We started by the identification of the genetic abnormality causing a new IT. This IT is transmitted in an autosomal recessive manner and is associated with severe bleeding phenotype, a defect in the cytoskeleton reorganization, decreased proplatelet formation, and deficiency in platelet activation. Using exome sequencing, we identified a new homozygous mutation in the PRKACG gene. This gene encodes a γ-catalytic sub-unit of the PKA, and the mutation leads to loss of function. We show that the PRKACG mutation is associated with a marked defect in proplatelet formation and a low level in filamin A in megakaryocytes. We confirm that the thrombocytopenia is due to mutation in the PRKACG gene since the overexpression of WT PRKACG reverses the phenotype observed in patients in vitro. We also studied FPD/AML — IT caused by RUNX1 mutations. Some mutations also predispose to leukemia, and to understand how, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from 2 pedigrees with germline mutations. One carries a R1 74Q mutation, which acts as a dominant-negative (DN) and is associated with thrombocytopenia and leukemia; the second carries a monoallelic gene deletion inducing a haploinsufficiency, which causes only thrombocytopenia. The study of hematopoiesis from these iPSC clones demonstrated profound defects in erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis and deregulated expression of RUNX1 targets. Only progenitors from DN iPSC clones showed an increased amount of granulo/mono-cytes, a phenotype reproduced by an 80% RUNX1 knockdown in the H9 human embryonic stem cell line, and a genomic instability
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Cheetham, John Norman. "The Role of Morality in Religious Persecution in Indonesia during Yudhoyono’s Presidency (2004-2014)". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16964.
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Acts of intolerance and persecution against religious minorities rose significantly in Indonesia during the presidency of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2004-2014), despite the nation's constitutional guarantees of religious freedom. This thesis aims to understand the motivations for and justifications of the persecution of Christians and Ahmadi Muslims in the world’s largest Muslim-majority country. It details the extent of the problem, explains how it differs from previous periods, and examines the actors including Islamist activists, conservative Muslims, President Yudhoyono, his ministers, state institutions, religious minorities and the public. A key question was: what role did morality play in the rise of religious persecution in Indonesia? And further: why do people do “bad” things in the name of “good”? Drawing on Haidt's moral foundations theory, the thesis explores the ideological narratives of Islamists and situates those within global Islamist narratives. Data sources include media reports, scholarly literature on Islam, Islamism and Indonesian politics, as well as interviews conducted in 2014 in Bogor, West Java, with residents, activists and members of local Muslim and Christian faith communities, including the Ahmadiyah community. Morality is theorised as an evolved response to threat, wherein ideological narratives are created that cast outgroups as threats and sanction the ingroup’s righteous self-defence from the threat, real or imagined. In this way, morality plays a role both in motivating the persecutory actions of Islamists and in justifying those actions after the fact.
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Löbmann, Ulrich B. H. "Einfluss von Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen gemessen anhand des Freiburger Persönlichkeitsinventars (FPI) auf postanästhesiologisches Erbrechen". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969721331.
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Thanyakhan, Sutana. "The Determinants of FDI and FPI in Thailand: a Gravity Model Analysis". Phd thesis, Lincoln University. Commerce Division, 2008. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20080429.102238/.
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Thailand has been one of significant recipients of foreign direct investment (FDI) among
developing countries over the last 30 years, and has recorded rapid and sustained growth
rates in a number of different industrial categories. Thailand has shown a clear policy
transition for foreign investment over time from an import-substitution regime to an
export-oriented regime. Before the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis (1985-1996), Thailand had
the fastest growing level of exports in manufactured goods among Asian economies. FDI
plays a significant role in the Thai economy. Thailand has been pursuing different foreign
investment policies at different times depending on the development objectives and
economic situation in the country.
The main objective of this research is to evaluate the determinants of FDI and foreign
portfolio investment (FPI) in Thailand using the extended Gravity Model. Panel data is
used to estimate and evaluate the empirical results based on the data for the years 1980 to
2004. It also examines the FDI flows between different locations and their geographical
distances in Thailand. The primary research question addresses what factors motivate,
attract, and sustain the FDI and FPI in Thailand. In addition, this study also examines the
effects of the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis on the inflows of FDI and FPI into Thailand.
The results show that the inflows of FDI in Thailand, which are supply-driven, are
significantly influenced by its 21 largest investing partners. The 1997 Asian Financial
Crisis has no impact on the determinants of the inflows of FDI into Thailand, but positively
influences the inflows of FPI into Thailand. Our results also show that increases in GDP
and trade between investing partners and Thailand potentially attract more FDI and FPI
into Thailand. Investing partners closer to Thailand draw more portfolio investment into Thailand than distant partners emphasising that distance has a negative impact on the
portfolio investment but a negligible impact on the FDI.
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Bouzid, Hind. "Etudes des mécanismes conduisant à l'état pré-leucémique des patients FPD/AML". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC299.
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La thrombopénie familiale avec prédisposition à la leucémie aiguë myéloïde (FPD/AML) est une pathologie rare caractérisée par une thrombocytopénie. La FPD/AML est causée par des mutations germinales dans le gène codant le facteur de transcription RUNX1. Ces mutations sont de type dominant négatif (DN), associées à un risque plus élevé de développer une leucémie, ou de type haploinsuffisance (HI) induisant une thrombocytopénie seule. Nous avons démontré une diminution presque complète de l’expression du répresseur transcriptionnel ZBTB1 dans les progéniteurs hématopoïétiques des patients porteurs de mutations DN. Le gène ZBTB1 pourrait être une cible directe de RUNX1, et pourrait contribuer à la dérégulation de la lymphopoïèse T conduisant à une prédisposition à la LAL-T.Nous avons identifié dans les cellules lymphocytaires murines le site de fixation de RUNX1 sur un enhanceur localisé à 270 kb en amont du promoteur de Zbtb1, et ce aux stades doubles négatifs pour les marqueurs CD4/CD8. Dans les stades plus matures (CD4+CD48+), cette fixation n’est pas observée. En utilisant des lignées lymphocytaires humaines représentant les différents stades doubles négatifs CD4/CD8 de la différenciation lymphocytaire, nous ne sommes pas arrivés à démontrer cette liaison suggérant qu’elle a lieu à un stade très précis et transitoire difficilement identifiable. Les souris KO Runx1 et KO Zbtb1 montrent un blocage de la lymphopoïèse T dès les stades les plus précoces de la maturation thymique. Nous voulions démontrer que la surexpression de Zbtb1 dans un contexte KO Runx1 aboutirait à un sauvetage du phénotype lymphocytaire. Pour cela, nous avons utilisé un modèle in vitro (culture des progéniteurs hématopoïétiques sur des lobes thymiques) et in vivo reposant sur la greffe de souris irradiées par des progéniteurs hématopoïétiques de souris KO Runx1 surexprimant Zbtb1. Le KO Runx1 incomplet et une quasi-absence de la prise de greffe dans les conditions de KO Runx1 ne nous ont pas permis de valider notre hypothèse. Cependant nous avons pu observer que ZBTB1 régule négativement le compartiment des cellules souches et la prise de greffe.Nous nous sommes aussi intéressés au phénotype mégacaryocytaire des souris KO Zbtb1. De manière intéressante, ces souris montrent in vivo un défaut du cycle cellulaire des mégacaryocytes, tandis que in vitro une diminution drastique de la différenciation mégacaryocytaire est observée suggérant ainsi une compensation du microenvironnement in vivo. De plus, nous avons montré une régulation négative directe de ZBTB1 par RUNX1 dans les mégacaryocytes humains. Dans la deuxième partie de ma thèse nous nous sommes intéressés au mécanisme d’induction de la leucémie chez un patient FPD/AML porteur de mutation de type DN (RUNX1R174Q), nous avons identifié une mutation additionnelle à une fréquence de 1% dans le gène TET2 ayant contribué à l’amplification du clone pré-leucémique. Actuellement nous étudions la coopération entre la mutation de RUNX1R174Q et le shTET2 in vivo en greffant des souris NSG avec des cellules progénitrices humaines CD34+ portant la mutation RUNX1 et le shTET2 qui mime la mutation perte de fonction de TET2P1962T observée chez le patient. Des résultats prometteurs montrent une prise de greffe primaire et secondaire plus importante dans les conditions RUNX1R174Q/shTET2 et shTET2 seul. Les expériences in vitro réalisées en parallèle montrent que la mutation de RUNX1R174Q induit des dommages à l’ADN alors que la diminution de l’expression de TET2 par shARN induit une prolifération augmentée des progéniteurs hématopoïétiques. L’addition des deux mutations pourrait ainsi conduire à l’acquisition de mutations additionnelles et à une transformation leucémiqueFamilial platelet disorder with predisposition to acute myeloid leukaemia (FPD/AML) is a rare condition characterized by thrombocytopenia. FPD/AML is caused by germline mutations in the gene coding for the transcription factor RUNX1. These mutations are devided on dominant-negative (DN) mutations associated with a higher risk of developing leukaemia or haploinsufficiency (HI) mutations inducing thrombocytopenia alone.We have demonstrated an almost complete decrease in the expression of the transcriptional repressor ZBTB1 in hematopoietic progenitors of patients with DN-type mutations. ZBTB1 could be a direct target of RUNX1, and could contribute to deregulation of T lymphopoiesis, leading to a predisposition to T-ALL.In murine immature T lymphocytes (CD4-CD8- stages), we demonstrated a fixation of RUNX1 on an enhancer at 270 kb upstream of Zbtb1 promoter. This fixation is no longer observed in the more mature stages (CD4+CD8+). Using human lymphocyte cell lines representing the different CD4-CD8- differentiation stages, we have not been able to demonstrate this binding suggesting that it takes place at a very precise and transitory stage that is difficult to identify.The KO Runx1 and KO Zbtb1 mice show a blockade of T lymphopoiesis in the earliest stages of thymic maturation. We wanted to demonstrate that the overexpression of Zbtb1 in a KO Runx1 context would result at least in a partial rescue of the lymphocyte phenotype. For this we used an in vitro model (culture of hematopoietic progenitors on thymic lobes) and in vivo based on the grafting of irradiated mice with hematopoietic progenitors of KO Runx1 overexpressing Zbtb1. The incomplete KO Runx1 and the almost complete absence of engraftment in the KO Runx1 conditions did not allow us to validate our hypothesis. However, we observed that ZBTB1 negatively regulates the stem cell compartment and the engraftment capacity.We also studied the megakaryocytic phenotype of KO Zbtb1 mice. Interestingly, these mice show, in vivo, a megakaryocyte cell cycle defect; while in vitro a drastic decrease in megakaryocytic differentiation is observed suggesting an in vivo micro-environmental compensation. We also showed a direct negative regulation of ZBTB1 by RUNX1 in human megakaryoycytes.In the second part of my thesis, we investigated the mechanism of induction of leukemia in an FPD/AML patient with a DN-type mutation (RUNX1R174Q). We demonstrated an additional mutation at a frequency of 1% in TET2 gene, which contribute to the amplification of a preleucemic clone.Currently we are studying the cooperation between the RUNX1R174Q mutation and the shTET2 in vivo by grafting NSG mice with human CD34+ progenitor cells carrying RUNX1R174Q mutation and an shTET2, which mimics the loss of function of TET2 observed in the patient. Promising results show greater primary and secondary graft under RUNX1R174Q /shTET2 and shTET2 conditions. The in vitro experiments carried out, show that the mutation of RUNX1R174Q induces DNA damages, whereas the decrease in the expression of TET2 by shRNA induces an increased proliferation of hematopoietic progenitors. The addition of the two mutations could thus lead to the acquisition of additional mutations and to a leukemic transformation
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Vucko, Timothé. "C-glycosides fluorés pour le marquage de peptides : Applications en imageries TEP et bimodale TEP/FPIR". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0186.
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Les travaux développés dans cette thèse s’articulent autour de dérivés saccharidiques de type C-glycosides pour lesquels de nouvelles méthodologies synthétiques ainsi que des applications dans le domaine de l’imagerie TEP et TEP/FPIR ont été développées. Certains peptides possèdent un rôle majeur dans la thérapie et le diagnostic de diverses pathologies et le fait de les conjuguer à un dérivé saccharidique permet d’améliorer significativement leur biodistribution. La première partie de ce travail concerne la synthèse de C-glycosides fluorés (19F) et radiofluorés (18F) fonctionnalisés en position anomérique par un bras portant une fonction azide. Par réaction de cycloaddition 1,3-dipolaire, ces composés ont été couplés à des peptides dérivés de RGD, permettant ainsi le marquage de ces peptides par une méthode indirecte appelée stratégie prosthétique. La radiosynthèse d’un des radiotraceurs a été menée de manière complètement automatisée et l’évaluation biologique in vitro sur deux types d’intégrines et in vivo par imagerie TEP a pu mettre en évidence l’intérêt de ces radiotraceurs dans le domaine de l’oncologie. La seconde partie s’appuie sur ces premiers résultats concernant le développement de groupes prosthétiques saccharidiques pour aller plus loin en termes d’outils de diagnostic. L’objectif a été de mettre au point des sondes duales (radio)fluorées pour l’imagerie bimodale TEP/FPIR. Ceci a nécessité une stratégie synthétique élaborée pour introduire un atome de fluor et un fluorophore de type cyanine, tous deux étant les sondes d’imagerie spécifiques TEP et FPIR. L’accrochage d’une biomolécule (peptide RGD) a pu se faire là encore par réaction "Click". Des méthodes de fonctionnalisation régiosélectives ont permis la mise en place de ces divers éléments. Une perspective à ce travail sera d’évaluer les propriétés biologiques in vitro des outils synthétisés et de considérer cette sonde duale pour des applications diagnostique et théranostique en imagerie TEP/FPIRThe work developed in this thesis is based on saccharidic derivatives especially C-glycosides for which new synthetic methodologies and applications in the field of PET and PET/NIRF imaging have been developed. Some peptides play a major role in therapy and diagnosis of various pathologies and their conjugation with a saccharidic derivative significantly improves their biodistribution. The first part of this work concerns the synthesis of fluorinated (19F) and radiofluorinated (18F) C-glycosides fonctionalized in anomeric position by an arm bearing an azide function. These compounds were coupled by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to peptides derived from RGD, allowing the labeling of these peptides by an indirect method namely prosthetic strategy. The radiosynthesis of one radiotracer was fully automated. The in vitro biological evaluation on two types of integrins and in vivo by PET imaging showed the interest of these radiotracers in the field of oncology. The second part is closely linked to these first results. To go further in terms of diagnostic tools, dual (radio)fluorinated probes for bimodal PET/NIRF imaging were developed. This required an elaborated synthetic strategy to introduce a fluorine atom and a cyanine dye, both being PET and NIRF specific imaging probes. The coupling of a biomolecule (RGD peptide) was also performed by "Click" reaction. Regiocontrolled functionalization methods enabled the introduction of these various moieties. The perspective is to evaluate the in vitro biological properties of the synthetized tools and to consider this dual probe for diagnostic and theranostic applications in PET/NIRF imaging
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Songi, O., J. A. Enenifa, J. K. Chinda, Prince N. C. Olokotor i V. Topman. "FPIC right of indigenous people and local communities in resource development: lessons from the Inter-American jurisprudence". Uniport Journal of Private Law, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17595.
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Faron, Matthew Leon. "Examining mechanisms of virulence gene regulation and the early host interactions in Francisella tularenisis". Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1595.
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Francisella tularensis is a facultative intracellular pathogen and is the etiological agent of tularemia. One key aspect to the success of Francisella as a pathogen is ability of the organism to establish infection with a low inoculum, as few as 10 colony forming units (cfu). Essential to this process is the Francisella pathogenicity island (FPI). Several studies have been performed to understand how the FPI is regulated; however, the working model is not complete, as the signals important for regulation are unknown. Additionally, the mechanisms of the proteins MigR, TrmE, and CphA, which are important for activation of the FPI, are unknown. I initiated the study of this regulatory system by measuring the ability of various cellular stresses to activate an iglA-lacZ reporter. I identified that amino acid starvation and growth in basic pH activated expression of the reporter in both LVS and Schu S4. By combining these two stresses I was able to induce iglA-lacZ reporter expression in an additive manner. As it was previously demonstrated that ppGpp is important for stabilization of the regulatory complex that transcribes FPI genes, I demonstrated by TLC that both amino acid starvation and basic pH effected iglA-lacZ expression by increasing ppGpp. Due to the importance of ppGpp in FPI expression and because MigR, TrmE, and CphA each appear to be involved in a metabolic process: fatty acid metabolism (migR) t-RNA modification (trmE) and amino acid storage (cphA), I had hypothesized that the effect on these mutations were due to decreased levels of the small alarmone ppGpp. I compared ppGpp accumulation of LVS mutants in migR, trmE, and cphA to the parent strain and observed that loss of these genes resulted in reduced ppGpp. To better understand the importance of ppGpp synthesis in F. tularensis pathogenesis, I compared the phenotypes of these strains in primary human macrophages and two immortalized epithelial cell lines. These experiments demonstrated that although each of these strains had reduced ppGpp, there were cell line specific growth phenotypes. Mice infected with these strains survived suggesting tight regulation of the FPI is required for virulence. When similar mutations were characterized in the Schu S4 background these mutations retained their regulatory role; however, mutation of migR did not significantly decrease virulence in mice. As my data demonstrated that there are different challenges that Francisella must overcome to successfully replicate within cells, I developed an in vitro model to study the interactions of F. tularensis with human alveolar type II cells (AT-II). Interestingly, Schu S4 internalizes and replicates in these recently immortalized human AT-II cells whereas, LVS internalizes, but replicates poorly within these cells. Finally, to better understand the role of AT-II cells in vivo, I performed Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) of infected mice. These data confirmed that Schu S4 infected both alveolar macrophages and AT-II cells. Together, this work contributes to the understanding of how Francisella adapts to various environments by modulating virulence gene expression and highlights differences between virulent Schu S4 and LVS, which may partially contribute to virulence differences observed between strains.
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Pape, Ursula Brigitte. "A critical analysis of the evolution of public participation in environmental decision-making in the South African mining sector". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/80973.
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In this dissertation I explore how the international law principle of free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) can enhance public participation, to promote environmental justice for communities affected by environmental decision-making in the mining sector in South Africa. Public participation required in terms of the mining sector environmental regulatory framework in South Africa is underscored by a requirement to ‘consult’. In chapter one, I describe how the requirement to consult differs from a requirement to secure consent in terms of FPIC. I describe public participation (i.e. consultation) requirements related to applications for rights, permits, licences and authorisations that must be in place prior to commencement of mining operations. I argue that where the level of public participation requires mere consultation, it can easily amount to a regulatory tick-box exercise given that the views of mining-affected communities can be manipulated or overlooked, with mining developments proceeding despite devastating effects on communities. In chapter two I describe how FPIC has become part of the regulatory framework governing mining activities through the court’s purposive interpretation of the Interim Protection of Informal Land Rights Act 31 of 1996 (IPILRA) in Baleni and Others v Minister of Mineral Resources and Others and Maledu and Others v Itereleng Bakgatla Mineral Resources (Pty) Limited and Another. In chapter three, I engage with scholarly literature on FPIC to analyse why and how environmental justice should and can be enhanced by embedding FPIC into legislative public participation requirements. I argue that FPIC, which now forms part of South Africa’s law through the IPILRA, should be a prominent feature in public participation processes for mining-affected communities generally, and not only for informal land right holders.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2021.
Public Law
LLM
Unrestricted
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Gebauer, Christian. "Optimierung und Herstellung von Dualband-Fabry-Pérot-Filtern mit neuartigen Schichtmaterialien". Master's thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-64017.
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In dieser Arbeit wurde die alte Designvariante des Fabry-Pérot-Filters (FPI4) hinsichtlich Performance und Ausbeute untersucht. Zielstellung war eine Optimierung, welche die Probleme wie Sticking, Kurzschluss zwischen Schirm und Elektrode sowie Defekte bei den Vereinzelungsverfahren beseitigen sollten. Ferner wurden eine Chipbezeichnung und eine neue geteilte Elektrode anvisiert. Ergebnis dieser Optimierung war das neue Design FPI5. Weiterhin wurde neben der Auslegung des FPI5 für das adhäsive Bonden mit SU8 eine Designvariante für das direkte Bonden realisiert. Das direkte Bonden konnte bereits bei den FPI mit zwei beweglichen Reflektorträgern erfolgreich getestet werden und soll nun auf die Designvariante mit nur einem beweglichen Reflektorträger übertragen werden. Außerdem wurde eine Überprüfung der SU8-Bondfestigkeit durchgeführt. Dabei konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die bis dato benutzten Bondparameter nicht das Optimum bezüglich der Bondfestigkeit darstellen, da in Testverbunden mit veränderten Bondparametern bis zu 50 % höhere Bondfestigkeiten erreicht wurdenThis work presents a new design type of the older well known tunable micromachined Fabry-Pérot filter (FPI4). Compared to the previous system the new design (FPI5) aimed to avoid the problems as sticking, short circuit between the shield and the electrode as well as the malfunction in dicing and separation. Furthermore an identification mark and a new separated electrode were to be improved. The conclusion of this optimization was the new Design FPI5. The whole geometry was in addition to the adhesive bonding with SU8 moreover designed for the direct bonding, which was successfully verified in the FPI design with two moveable reflector carriers. Additionally a verification of the bonding strength at different bonding parameters was done. This verification showed that a 50 % higher bonding strength could be achieved by using the new bonding parameters in comparison to the normally used bonding parameters
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Abdelrahim, M. E. A. "Relative bioavailability of terbutaline to the lungs following inhalation using different methods". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3208.
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The primary aim was to validate and implement a urinary pharmacokinetic method for terbutaline to determine the relative lung and systemic bioavailability following inhalation and to measure the in-vitro characteristics of the emitted dose by these inhalation methods. Two new robust, accurate and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography methods for the determination of terbutaline in aqueous and urine samples were validated in accordance with the FDA and ICH guidelines. Terbutaline was extracted using solid phase extraction with salbutamol and bamethane as internal standards. The accuracy, precision, lower limit of detection and recovery for both methods were within recognized limits. The in-vitro characteristics of terbutaline sulphate inhalers were measured according to standard compendial methodology as well as adaptation of this methodology to simulate routine patient use. The dose emission of terbutaline sulphate from a Bricanyl Turbuhaler was determined using an inhalation volume of 4 L at inhalation flows of 10-60 L min-1. The particle size distribution was measured using an Anderson Cascade Impactor (ACI) with a mixing inlet valve to allow measurement at different flows. A steady increase in total emitted dose (TED) and the fine particle dose (FPD) was observed as the inhalation flow increased thereby highlighting the flow dependent dose emission characteristics of the Turbuhaler. The in-vitro dose emission characteristics of terbutaline sulphate from Bricanyl MDIs were measured according to the standard compendial methodology at a flow of 28.3 L min-1 using a 4 L inhalation volume. The TED and particle size distribution of terbutaline sulphate from the Bricanyl MDI were determined alone and with different spacers [AeroChamber Max (AMAX), AeroChamber Plus (APLUS), Fisonair and Nebuhaler]. The TED from the MDI alone was significantly higher than all MDI+spacers (p<0.001). The MDI with APLUS resulted in the smallest mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) and the highest fine particle fraction (FPF). The MDI with AMAX resulted in the highest FPD. The in-vitro characteristics of terbutaline sulphate from Bricanyl respules using the Aeroneb Pro (vibrating mesh) and Sidestream jet nebulisers were determined by the CEN methodology and the Next Generation Impactor (NGI) methodology. The Aeroneb Pro was found to have significantly better aerodynamic properties than the Sidestream. The results from the NGI method were significantly different from the CEN method suggesting further evaluation of both methods. Cooling the NGI decreased the evaporation effect. Twelve healthy volunteers (6 females) completed in-vivo urinary terbutaline pharmacokinetic studies to determine the relative bioavailability following inhalation. The differences between the amounts excreted 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 24 hour post inhalation from a Bricanyl MDI (I) and oral (O) dosing of 500 µg terbutaline sulphate and with the co-administration of oral charcoal (IC and OC, respectively) were studied. No terbutaline was found in OC samples. The amount of terbutaline excreted 30 minutes post I and IC were significantly (p<0.001) higher than post O suggesting that the amount of terbutaline excreted 30 minutes post dosing can be used as an index of the lung deposition. The amount of terbutaline excreted 24 hour post I was significantly (p<0.01) higher than post O suggesting that the amount of terbutaline excreted 24 hour post dosing can be used as an index of the relative systemic bioavailability. The dose response relationships and the low inter and intra-subject variability studies confirm the feasibility of this method. To demonstrate the application of the method the effect of inhalation technique on the lung and systemic bioavailability following inhalation from a dry powder inhaler was evaluated. The effect of different spacers on the dose emitted from the Bricanyl MDI and the effect of different nebulisers on the dose emitted were also studied using twelve healthy volunteers (6 females) for each study. A fast inhalation flow using the Bricanyl Turbuhaler resulted in significantly higher amounts of terbutaline excreted 0.5 and 24 hour post dosing (2 doses of 500µg terbutaline sulphate from Bricanyl Turbuhaler) than slow inhalation flow (p<0.001). The Bricanyl MDI alone resulted in a significantly higher amount of terbutaline excreted 24 hour post dosing (2 doses of 250µg terbutaline sulphate from Bricanyl MDI) and significantly lower amounts excreted 30 minutes post dosing than the MDI+Spacers. The AMAX provided a greater amount of urinary terbutaline excreted 30 minutes post dosing than the APLUS and Nebuhaler. The Aeroneb Pro resulted in significantly higher amounts of terbutaline excreted 0.5 and 24 hour post dosing (1 dose of 5mg/2ml terbutaline sulphate from Bricanyl respule) than a Sidestream Jet nebuliser (p<0.001). Further application of the method was demonstrated by 12 (6 female) COPD non-invasive mechanically ventilated patients. One dose of 2mg in 0.8ml terbutaline sulphate respiratory solution from Aeroneb Pro and one dose of 5mg in 2ml terbutaline sulphate respiratory solution from Sidestream jet nebuliser resulted in a similar amounts of urinary terbutaline excreted 0.5 and 24 hour post dosing. The results were consistent with the results of the ex-vivo study performed on the same patients. The thesis highlights extension of the urinary pharmacokinetic method following inhalation to terbutaline and its application in volunteer and patient studies.
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Co, Ronilda R. (Ronilda Rosario). "Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) : does it give indigenous peoples more control over development of their lands in the Philippines?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44353.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 163-167).
The 1998 Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA) grants indigenous peoples (IPs) in the Philippines the right to Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) with regard to development projects undertaken on their ancestral lands. My thesis explores whether the current practice of generating such consent guarantees indigenous peoples the control over development, particularly in relation to mining, that such procedures were designed to ensure. Two case studies involving the Mamanwa and the Manobo tribes in Region XIII of Mindanao suggest that the government agencies involved failed to follow the rules set out in the officially approved guidelines that govern the conduct of the FPIC process. The National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) - the operating agency for FPIC in the Philippines - does not seem to have either the facilitation skills or an understanding of the complexity of issues involved required to achieve the goals of the 1998 IPRA. NCIP does not have the resources it needs to do its job and at times appears powerless vis-a-vis the mining companies and the Philippine government which has aggressively pursued the expansion and deregulation of the mining industry. In my two representative case studies, the mining companies used the promise of financial benefits at the outset of the consultations to short circuit the required FPIC process. Long-term social and environmental impacts and benefits were hardly discussed. The responses of the mining companies to concerns expressed by the tribes were not transparent. The Memorandums of Agreement (MOAs) produced in both cases hardly mentioned what would be done to meet the concerns of the aboriginal leadership before, during and after mining operations commenced.
(cont.) Cultural erosion in many IP communities has led to the imposition of centralized decisionmaking that works against the goals of the FPIC process. In addition, the traditional decisionmaking procedures employed by IPs are inadequate to generate the kind .of conversation required to ensure Free, Prior and Informed Consent. Finally, most IP communities do not have a long-term development plans. They live on a day-to-day basis merely trying to survive. In the absence of such plans, it is hard to see how the tribes involved can really make informed decisions and ask for appropriate safeguards and shared commitments.
by Ronilda R. Co.
M.C.P.
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Al-Mashat, Alex. "Comparison of Multiple Models for Diabetes Using Model Averaging". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaci, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448168.
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Pharmacometrics is widely used in drug development. Models are developed to describe pharmacological measurements with data gathered from a clinical trial. The information can then be applied to, for instance, safely establish dose-response relationships of a substance. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a common biomarker used by models within antihyperglycemic drug development, as it reflects the average plasma glucose level over the previous 8-12 weeks. There are five different nonlinear mixed-effects models that describes HbA1c-formation. They use different biomarkers such as mean plasma glucose (MPG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin (FPI) or a combination of those. The aim of this study was to compare their performances on a population and an individual level using model averaging (MA) and to explore if reduced trial durations and different treatment could affect the outcome. Multiple weighting methods were applied to the MA workflow, such as the Akaike information criterion (AIC), cross-validation (CV) and a bootstrap model averaging method. Results show that in general, models that use MPG to describe HbA1c-formation on a population level could potentially outperform models using other biomarkers, however, models have shown similar performance on individual level. Further studies on the relationship between biomarkers and model performances must be conducted, since it could potentially lay the ground for better individual HbA1c-predictions. It can then be applied in antihyperglycemic drug development and to possibly reduce sample sizes in a clinical trial. With this project, we have illustrated how to perform MA on the aforementioned models, using different biomarkers as well as the difference between model weights on a population and individual level.
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Abebe, Adem Kassie. "The power of indigenous people to veto development activities: the right to Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) with specific reference to Ethiopia". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/12643.
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Discusses how to ascertain the meaning and implications of Right to Free Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC). Discusses the difference between meaningful participation of FPIC and the relationship between ‘national interest’ and the right to FPIC. Also analyses the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples, including mainly the right to FPIC in Ethiopia. Introduces recommendations concerning the middle ground between ‘national interest’
and the right to FPIC. Discusses how the right to FPIC can be legally recognised in
Ethiopia and Africa in general, including particularly by the African Commission, and
outlines specific recommendations on the relevant policies of the World Bank and African Development Bank.Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Odile Lim Tung, Faculty of Law and Management, University of Mauritius.
Mini Dissertation (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2009.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Carlier-Pinasseau, Catherine. "Spéciation des organoétains dans le réseau hydrologique en GC-FPD aprés éthylation par NaBEt4 : développement de la méthode analytique". Pau, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PAUU3017.
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L'apport anthropogénique des organoétains dans l'environnement - en particulier d'agents biocides tels que le tri- butyl- et phénylétains - est à l'origine de graves pollutions des milieux marins et dulcicoles. C'est pourquoi il est important de savoir doser ces composés et leurs métabolites dans tous les compartiments environnementaux. Ceci nous a conduit à développer une méthode analytique reposant sur un couplage éthylation par NaBEt4/chromatographie en phase gazeuse et détection par photométrie de flamme. Le recensement des paramètres expérimentaux a permis d'optimiser chaque étape de la technique : l'éthylation (temps de réaction, Ph,. . . ), la séparation (conditions d'injection, températures,. . . ) et la détection (débits des gaz) pour le dosage simultané des butyl- et phénylétains en milieu aqueux. L'extraction des butyl- et phénylétains dans les sédiments et les tissus biologiques a également été étudiée. Les digestions par l'acide éthanoïque pour les sédiments et par une solution méthanolique d'acide chlorhydrique à la concentration de 0,1 mol/l pour les matériaux biologiques ont été retenues. Des rendements d'extraction quantitatifs ont été atteints sans décomposition notable des composés. Une quantification spécifique et fiable a ainsi été obtenue dans tous les compartiments de l'environnement avec précision (les écarts types relatifs sont inférieurs a 8%). Les espèces butylées et phénylées de l'étain ont été déterminées avec des limites de détection de l'ordre du Ng(Sn)/l dans les eaux et du Ng(Sn)/g dans les sédiments et les matériaux biologiques. La méthode analytique optimisée a été validée par l'étude de matériaux de référence et par des intercomparaisons d'analyses d'échantillons naturels effectuées par des laboratoires et des méthodes analytiques différents.
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Silva, Rosselei Caiél da. "Comparação entre métodos cromatográficos, empregando GC-ECD, GC-FPD E GC-MS, e espectrofotométrico para determinação de ditiocarbamatos em alface". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2005. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10469.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoBrazil is the third largest market for pesticide sales in the world, with almost 400 active ingredients registered in the country, including five dithiocarbamates. This pesticide class consists of very important protective nonsystemic fungicides with broad-spectrum activity registered for the control of fungal deseases on a large variety of crops. Due to its low acute toxicity, combined with strong action, low-cost production and low environmental persistence, the total amount used of these compounds used is still increasing world-wide. Many methods to determine dithiocarbamates are based on acid hydrolysis in the presence of stannous chloride and analysis of the evolved CS2 by different techniques. In the present work, three chromatographic methods were validated for the quantification of dithiocarbamates residues in lettuce using Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection (GC-ECD), Flame Photometric Detection (GC-FPD) and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and these three methods were compared with a spectrophotometric method.The experimental conditions for the chromatographic analysis were: capillary column CP-Sil 8 CB (50 m x 0.32 mm i.d. x 1.2 μm film thickness); temperature program column oven: 45 oC (1 min) - 10 oC min-1 to 250 oC (0 min); flow-rate of the carrier gas (Helium) 2 mL min-1; volume of injection 4 μL, with split 1:10 for GC-ECD and GC-MS and 1:15 for GC-FPD; temperature of the detector was 300 oC for ECD and 250 °C for FPD. The transferline and trap were heated to 230 °C and the manifold to 120 °C. The spectrophotometric analysis was done in 435 nm, after complexation of the CS2 with diethanolamine and copper. In the validation study of the methods, the following parameters were assessed: detection limit (LOD), quantification limit (LOQ), precision (under repeatability and reproducibility conditions) and recovery. Method LODs in the sample were 0.01 mg CS2 kg-1 and 0.28 mg CS2 kg-1 and LOQs were 0.02 mg CS2 kg-1 and 0.4 mg CS2 kg-1 for chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods respectively. The calibration curves were linear with correlation coefficients r2> 0.99. Acceptable precision with RDS% between 2.8 and 15.9 was obtained. The recoveries ranged from 87.7 to 107.4%. The results obtained in the validation step allow us to conclude that the methods are quite appropriate to determine residues of dithiocarbamates in lettuce. However, the chromatographic methods have shown a lot of advantages such as to be more sensitive, simple and faster than the spectrophotometric method. Beside, the sample preparation can be done simultaneously for a great number of samples and in a simplified way.
O Brasil é o terceiro maior mercado mundial de pesticidas, com aproximadamente 400 ingredientes ativos registrados no país, incluindo cinco ditiocarbamatos. Esta classe de pesticidas é composta por importantes fungicidas de ação não sistêmica e de amplo espectro de atividade empregados para controle de fungos em uma grande variedade de culturas. Devido a baixa toxicidade, combinado com forte atividade, baixo custo de produção e baixa persistência ambiental, a quantidade destes compostos tem aumentado no mundo inteiro. Muitos métodos para determinar ditiocarbamatos estão baseados na hidrólise ácida, em presença de cloreto de estanho II, e análise do CS2 gerado por diferentes técnicas. Neste trabalho, foram validados três métodos cromatográficos para a quantificação dos resíduos de ditiocarbamatos em alface empregando Cromatografia Gasosa com Detecção por Captura de Elétrons (GC-ECD), Detecção Fotométrica de Chama (GC-FPD) e Detecção Espectrométrica de Massas (GC-MS), e comparou-se com o método espectofotométrico. As condições para as análises cromatográficas foram: coluna capilar CP-Sil 8 CB (50 m x 0,32 d.i x 1,2 μm de espessura do filme); programa de temperatura do forno da coluna: 45 °C (1 min) com incremento de 10 °C min-1 à 250 ° C (0 min); vazão do gás de arraste em 2 mL min-1; volume de injeção de 4 μL com split 1:10 para GC-ECD e GC-MS, e 1:15 para GC-FPD; temperatura do ECD foi 300 °C e do FPD de 250 °C. O transferline e o trap foram aquecidos a 230 °C, e o manifold a 120 °C. A análise espectrofotométrica foi realizada a 435 nm, após a complexação do CS2 com dietanolamina e cobre. Para a validação dos métodos seguiram-se os seguintes parâmetros: limite de detecção (LOD), limite de quantificação (LOQ), linearidade, precisão (repetitividade e precisão intermediária) e recuperação. Os LODs na amostra foram 0,01 e 0,28 mg CS2 kg-1, e os LOQs foram 0,02 e 0,4 mg CS2 kg-1 para os métodos cromatográficos e espectrofotométrico, respectivamente. As curvas analíticas apresentaram r2> 0,99. Os estudos de precisão apresentaram resultados aceitáveis, com valores de RSD% entre 2,8 e 15,9. As recuperações foram de 87,7 a 107,4%. Através dos resultados obtidos na validação, pode-se concluir que os métodos são apropriados para determinar resíduos de ditiocarbamatos em alface. Entretanto, os métodos cromatográficos têm apresentado várias vantagens como elevada sensibilidade, simplicidade, além de serem mais rápidos que o método spectrofotométrico, pois é possível realizar o preparo de um grande número de amostras simultaneamente.
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Lecocq, Guillaume. "Approches hybrides combinant chimie complexe, description statistique et densité de surface de flamme pour la simulation aux grandes échelles de l'auto-inflammation, l'allumage par bougie et la flamme de prémélange dans les moteurs à allumage commandé". Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00561996.
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Cette thèse propose une modélisation aussi générique que possible de la combustion dans les moteurs automobiles dans un cadre de simulation aux grandes échelles. Une première étude aborde la fermeture du terme de transport non résolu pour la flamme de prémélange. Par la suite, un couplage entre les modèles ecfm-les et pcm-fpi est proposé et validé pour intégrer les effets de chimie complexe à la simulation de la flamme de prémélange. Ce travail est étendu par l'adjonction de modélisations spécifiques à l'allumage par bougie et de l'auto-inflammation, toujours en intégrant les effets de chimie détaillée. Des calculs d'application aux combustions anormales dans les moteurs à allumage commandé concluent ce travail.
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Bouzid, Assil. "First-principles investigation of binary and ternary amorphous chalcogenide systems". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAE029/document.
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Ce travail de thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre d'études théoriques ayant pour but l’établissement de la structure des chalcogénures binaires et ternaires sous différentes conditions thermodynamiques. Des techniques de modélisation numérique ab-initio ont été employées. En particulier, nous avons utilisé la dynamique moléculaire par premiers principes selon l’approche de Car et Parrinello ainsi que sa version dite "deuxième génération". La première partie est consacrée à l’étude des chalcogénures binaires, notamment les verres GeSe2 et GeSe4 sous pression ainsi qu'à l’étude des effets des forces de van der Waals et des fonctionnelles d’échange et corrélation DFT sur la structure de l’amorphe GeTe4. Dans la deuxième partie, l’intérêt a été porté à l’étude d'un matériau à changement de phase récemment proposé par les expérimentateurs comme un bon candidat pour le stockage de données, le ternaire Ga4Sb6Te3This thesis reflects efforts toward an accurate understanding of the atomic scale structure of chalcogenide glasses. These compounds have an impact on electronics, optoelectronics and memory devices. I resorted to the most advanced first-principles molecular dynamics simulations such as the standard Car-Parrinello method as well as its second generation version. In the first part of this thesis we provide a detailed study of the topological changes undergone under pressure by glassy GeSe2 and by glassy GeSe4. Structural transition and bonding features are described and compared to the results of neutron and X-ray diffraction experiments. Furthermore, in the case of glassy GeTe4 we demonstrated that the inclusion of van der Waals forces leads to substantial improvements in the description of the structure. In the second part of this thesis, we established the atomic-scale organization of a promising candidate for phase change memory applications, glassy Ge4Sb6Te3
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Meyer, Lena. "The Francisella pathogenicity island : its role in type VI secretion and intracellular infection". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för klinisk mikrobiologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101321.
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Intracellular bacteria have developed various mechanisms to enter and persist in host cells and, at the same time, to evade the host immune response. One such pathogen is Francisella tularensis, the etiological agent of tularemia. After phagocytosis, this Gram-negative bacterium quickly escapes from the phagocytic compartment and replicates in the host cell cytosol. For this mode of infection, several components of the Francisella pathogenicity island (FPI) are critical. Interestingly, some FPI proteins share homology to components of Type VI Secretion Systems (T6SSs), but their assembly and functionality remains to be shown in Francisella.The thesis focused on the characterization of several of these FPI components; more specifically, how they contribute to the infection cycle as well as their possible role in the putative T6SS. We identified three unique mutants, ΔiglG, ΔiglI and ΔpdpE, which to various degrees were able to escape the phagosomal compartment, replicate in the host cytosol and cause host cell cytotoxicity. In contrast, ΔiglE as well as mutants within the conserved core components of T6SSs, VgrG and DotU, were defective for all of these processes. In the case of IglE, which is a lipoprotein and localized to the outer membrane of the bacterial cell wall, residues within its N-terminus were identified to be important for IglE function. Consistent with a suggested role as a trimeric membrane puncturing device, VgrG was found to form multimers. DotU stabilized the inner membrane protein IcmF, in agreement with its function as a core T6SS component. The functionality of the secretion system was shown by the translocation of several FPI proteins into the cytosol of infected macrophages, among them IglE, IglC and VgrG, of which IglE was the most prominently secreted protein. At the same time, the secretion was dependent on the core components VgrG, DotU but also on IglG. Although we and others have shown the importance of FPI proteins for the escape of F. tularensis, it has been difficult to assess their role in the subsequent replication, since mutants that fail to escape never reach the growth-permissive cytosol. For this reason, selected FPI mutants were microinjected into the cytosol of different cell types and their growth compared to their replication upon normal uptake. Our data suggest that not only the metabolic adaptation to the cytosolic compartment is important for the replication of intracytosolic bacteria, but also the mechanism of their uptake as well as the permissiveness of the cytosolic compartment per se.
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Höglund, Hellgren Jasmin. "Does Free, Prior and Informed Consent ensure self-determination? : A relational approach to mining activities and indigenous communities in northwestern Argentina". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-155033.
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Over the last decades the struggle for indigenous rights has accomplished great achievements within international law. In relation to development projects and resource extraction on indigenous lands, the principle of Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) has gained increased recognition and is today expressed as an important instrument to realize indigenous peoples’ right to self-determination. Nevertheless, empirical evidence have identified power asymmetries as one of the major obstacles for effective and meaningful FPIC implementation. This study investigates how power asymmetries emerge and affect the right to self-determination through the four FPIC requirements. Based on field research and by applying a relational approach, the study investigates a case of mining activities in northwestern Argentina where indigenous communities currently experience an increased interest in lithium deposits on their lands from transnational corporations. The study shows how relations characterized by dependency and clientelism create a situation where actors hold unequal power positions which permeate all FPIC requirements severely undermining the principle’s potential to fulfill its purpose. Lastly, based on the findings the study argues substantial underpinnings in terms of necessary preconditions are needed if FPIC are to be able to ensure self-determination.
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Koren, Andreas Raphael Ribas. "Avaliação da adaptação de estruturas em Y-TZP entre diferentes sistemas CAD/CAM". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23140/tde-28052013-193102/.
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OBJETIVOS: comparar dois sistemas CAD-CAM de diferentes gerações quanto ao grau de adaptação de infraestruturas estéticas de próteses fixas de três elementos para verificar se existe alguma evolução no quesito diminuição do gap marginal e se existe diferença de contração entre blocos de conformações diferentes que podem afetar diretamente a adaptação das mesmas. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: para isso foi confeccionado um preparo de prótese fixa de três elementos em manequim odontológico simulando a ausência do elemento dental 25; posteriormente aos preparos foi reproduzido um modelo mestre em liga metálica Co-Cr para serem realizados os testes. O modelo mestre foi submetido a escaneamento em cada sistema comercial para a infraestrutura ser desenhada e fresada. Para serem confrontados, em cada sistema CAD/CAM foi confeccionado cinco infraestruturas em Y-TZP (n=5), sendo que no grupo CT1 foi utilizado um disco (ronde) com dimensões de 98x20 mm capaz de ser fresada até seis infraestruturas de uma só vez enquanto que no grupo CT2 cada infraestrutura foi confeccionada individualmente em um bloco com dimensões de 40x15x19 mm. Uma vez concluídas as infraestruturas, as mesmas foram submetidas a teste de adaptação com a técnica do dedal de silicone e posteriormente em cada preparo, tanto do molar quanto do pré-molar, foi retirada uma fatia de 2 mm de espessura em cada face (mesial, distal, lingual e vestibular) para se analisar a espessura de desadaptação na região de término através da análise de imagem (fotografia das fatias realizado por estereomicroscópio e medição com o software ImageJ). Os resultados foram submetidos aos testes de Normalidade e Homocedasticidade (p=0,05) e posteriormente analisados por ANOVA e Tukey (p=0,05). RESULTADOS: as medições foram divididas em dois grupos: 1. Adaptação geral ( medidas por face) e 2. Adaptação circunferencial (média das medidas das quatro faces). Em ambas as medições não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes, permanecendo o gap marginal de ambos os materiais com resultados estatisticamente uniformes. CONCLUSÕES: ambos os sistemas CAD/CAM testados apresentaram resultados semelhantes e satisfatórios, dentro dos padrões clínicos aceitáveis e não houve diferença de contração de sinterização entre o disco (ronde) e o bloco.OBJECTIVES: compare two CAD-CAM systems of different generations according to the adaptation level of three elements aesthetic FPD to discover if there are any changes in the item \"gap marginal decrease\" and if there is contraction differences between blocks of different conformations that may directly affect the adaptation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: it was made a FPD preparation (total crown preparation in each pillar tooth) in a dental mannequin, simulating the absence of the tooth 25; later was made a master template in Co-Cr alloy to be performed the tests, according to the mannequin preparations. The master model was subjected to scanning in each trading system to be designed the infrastructure and posteriorly milled. It was made five infrastructure in Y-TZP (n = 5) to be compared in every CAD / CAM system, and in the CT1 group was used a disc (ronde) with dimensions of 98x20 millimeters, where it can be milled up to six infrastructure of a once, while in the group CT2 each structure was fabricated into a single block with dimensions of 40x15x19 millimeters. After the infrastructure was milled, they were subjected to the adaptive technique of \"silicone replica\" and subsequently in each preparation (molar and premolar) was withdrawn from a 2 mm thickness slice on each side (mesial, distal, lingual and buccal) to analyze the mismatch thickness in the end region via image analysis (slices photography performed by a stereomicroscope and measured by the ImageJ software). The results were submited by Normality and Homoscedasticity test (p=0.05) and subsequently analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test (p=0.05). RESULTS: the measurements were divided into two groups: 1. General adaptation (measures per side) and 2. Circumferential adaptation (average measure of the four faces). In both measurements there were no statistically significant differences, remaining both materials with statistically uniform marginal gap. CONCLUSIONS: both CAD / CAM systems tested showed similar and satisfactory results within the acceptable clinical standards and there was no sintering contraction difference between the disk (ronde) and block.
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Tatýrek, Ondřej. "Analýza postavení kostí dolní končetiny užitím Microsoft Kinect One". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240918.
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This master thesis is engaged in development of software tool intended for measuring of status of lower limb bones. It analyzes status of the feet and lower limb and defines significantpointsonthem.Alsoanalyzesdesignoptionsofmeasuringsceneandmarkers and describe the one selected. In another part is described automated point recognition algorithm. The last part describes graphical user interface, where are these algorithms implemented.
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EGUEH, HAYAT OMAR. "Le français populaire ivoirien dans Allah n’est pas obligé d’Ahmadou Kourouma". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-35757.
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Is there one or several French languages? What about African French language? The linguistic studies on French in Africa accentuate the uniqueness of the Ivorian popular French. Since Ivorians speak many different languages and as they have no real vehicular language, they appropriated the French which was implanted and imposed at the time of the colonization. Today, we witness the presence of various types of French (acrolectal, mesolectal, basilectal) that people use as a result of the effort to adapt this foreign language to local reality. The main purpose of this study is to classify some of the different characteristic features of the Popular Ivorian French according to previous studies, then to identify those features of Popular Ivorian French in Ahmadou Kourouma’s novel Allah is not obliged. We identified fourteen characteristics which particularize Popular Ivorian French. Most of these characteristics are present in Kourouma’s Allah is not obliged but some are not. In conclusion, we can see that the Ivoirians have adapted and shapedFrench to create a language they feel at home with. They have added new expressions, neologisms and metaphors in order to better convey their messages and to better understand each others.
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Vémola, Tomáš. "Soustava Fabry-Perotova a Michelsonova interferometru pro měření délek s femtosekundovým laserem". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229934.
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The thesis deals with a design of a comparing interferometer. It concerns a setup of two interferometers, one of them is a Michelson and another a Fabry-Pérot type. This set-up is made to compare results of length measurements simultaneously performed by each of them. In the Theory, basic principles of Michelson and Fabry-Pérot interferometers are described. A special attention is paid to an innovative method of length measurement with tunable lasers and optical frequency comb. In the Practical Part, so-called Pilot Experimental Setup is described. It is a prototype that has been used to perform basic experiments on comparing of the two above mentioned methods. Based on experimental results and practical experience with the Pilot Experimental Setup, a Final Setup is designed. It comes in a form of a stand-alone instrument.
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Aguerre, Sandrine. "Développement de méthodes analytiques associant la SPME à des techniques couplées GC-détecteur spécifique (FPD, PFPD, MIP-AES, ICP-AES, ICP-MS) pour la spéciation de l'étain et du sélénium". Pau, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PAUU3038.
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La toxicité des métaux et métalloi͏̈des vis à vis des différentes parties de l'écosystème est fortement liée à leur forme physico-chimique. Aussi, la mise au point de méthodes de spéciation suffisamment sensibles pour assurer leur suivi systématique dans les milieux naturels est-elle indispensable. Ce travail présente en grande partie le développement de nouvelles méthodes analytiques pour la spéciation des composés organostanniques. Les innovations proposées reposent sur l'utilisation d'une technique de préconcentration, la SPME (ou microextraction sur phase solide) et sur le développement de couplages associant la chromatographie en phase gazeuse (GC) à divers détecteurs spécifiques (FPD, PFPD, MIP-AES, ICP-AES, ICP-MS). Les différents paramètres influençant les étapes de sorption et de désorption des butyl- et phénylétains en SPME ont été évalués et les conditions opératoires optimisées par le biais de la méthodologie des plans d'expériences. De nouvelles lignes de transfert entre la partie GC et l'ICP-MS / ICP-AES ont été testées et les performances des cinq détecteurs ont été comparées en terme de sensibilité et sélectivité. Toutes les méthodes permettent d'atteindre des limites de détection inférieures à 0. 5 ng(Sn). L-1 pour l'ensemble des composés étudiés, soit un gain de performances d'un facteur 100 à 700 par rapport à l'extraction liquide-liquide classiquement utilisée. L'analyse d'eaux, sédiments, tissus biologiques et boues de station d'épuration a permis d'évaluer les possibilités de ces méthodes dans le cas d'échantillons réels. Par ailleurs, une étude approfondie des phénomènes de sorption des organoétains en SPME a mis en évidence un comportement de désorption spontanée ainsi que l'influence importante des substances humiques sur leurs rendements d'extraction. Enfin, afin d'élargir les champs d'utilisation de la SPME, son potentiel en vue de la spéciation des formes volatiles et inorganiques du sélénium par GC-PFPD a été évaluéToxicity of metals and metalloids towards the different parts of the ecosystem is highly dependent on their chemical form. Therefore, the development of sensitive speciation methods should be performed to allow their monitoring in the environment. A large part of this work deals with the development of new analytical procedures for the speciation of organotin compounds. The innovations are based on the use of a new preconcentration technique, SPME (solid phase microextraction) and on the hyphenation of gas chromatography (GC) with different specific detectors (FPD, PFPD, MIP-AES, ICP-AES, ICP-MS). Sorption and desorption steps in SPME have been studied and optimised using experimental design methodology. For the first time, new transfer lines (GC-ICP-MS and GC-ICP-AES) have been tested and the performances of all the detectors were compared in terms of selectivity and sensitivity. All the procedures allow detection limits lower then 0. 5 ng(Sn). L-1 to be reached for butyl- and phenyltins. Water samples, sediments, biological tissues and sludge from wastewater treatment plant have been analysed in order to evaluate the suitability of this method on real samples. A kinetic study of sorption-desorption behaviour of organotins during SPME has been performed. A spontaneous desorption behaviour has been noted. The influence of humic substances, representative of natural samples, on extraction yields has also been demonstrated. In a last part, potential of SPME for the sorption of methylated and inorganic forms of selenium followed by GC-PFPD analysis has been explored. First applications on water samples have been carried out
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山下, 南海子. "家族性白血病FPD/AMLのモデルマウス : Runx1/AML1の半数体不全はBXH2マウスの白血病発症を促進する". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144356.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(生命科学)
甲第12003号
生博第56号
新制||生||10(附属図書館)
23816
UT51-2006-C683
京都大学大学院生命科学研究科高次生命科学専攻
(主査)教授 下遠野 邦忠, 教授 眞貝 洋一, 教授 米原 伸
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Rodomsky, Caitlyn Marie. "Surface Finish on A356-T6 Cast Parts using Additive Manufactured Sand Molds". Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1526030093287334.
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Bonifacio, Mundaca Jenny Katherine. "Utilidad del parámetro hematológico automatizado: “fracción de plaquetas inmaduras (% FPI)”, en la evaluación de la eficacia del trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos en pacientes del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas periodo de agosto -diciembre del 2018". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/11218.
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Manifiesta que el trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos (TPH) es un tratamiento empleado tanto en pacientes con tumores sólidos como en enfermedades onco-hematológicas, especialmente leucemias. Para asegurar la estabilidad del pacientes emplea marcadores predictivos de los primeros signos de arraigo y recuperación de TPH siendo principalmente el conteo absoluto de neutrófilos (CAN) y el conteo de plaquetas (PQ). En la última década, los analizadores hematológicos han introducido nuevos parámetros clínicos, como la Fracción de plaquetas inmaduras (% FPI), que determina las plaquetas reticuladas en sangre periférica. Nuestro estudio prospectivo pretende demostrar la utilidad y eficacia del % FPI como predictor de arraigo de injerto en comparación con CAN y PQ. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo analítico-observacional, obteniendo datos de los parámetros CAN, PQ, % FPI y % FRI de un analizador hematológico del laboratorio de Hematología del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas en el periodo de setiembre del 2018 a mayo 2019. Muestra: 56 pacientes con enfermedades onco-hematológicas sometidos a TPH autólogo atendidos en el Servicio de protección al paciente neutropénico- SEPIN/TAMO. La mediana en días de arraigo para CAN fue de 11 y de PQ fue 7. Para FPI ≥ 2 % fue 10 y para FPI ≥ 3.3 %, 14. FPI ≥ 2 % obtuvo arraigo antes que CAN. La mediana del día de arraigo para FRI ≥ 2.5 % fue 11 días y para FRI ≥ 5.5 % fue 12, resultando mayores en relación a los días de arraigo según CAN. Sin embargo, FRI ≥ 2.5 % obtuvo arraigo al mismo tiempo en días que CAN y éste solo fue mayor a FRI ≥ 5.5 % por un día. Se concluye que el parámetro % FPI y % FRI no fueron útiles para predecir la recuperación de respuesta medular, pues no aumentaron su valor antes que los parámetros CAN y PQ. Por lo tanto el uso de estos parámetros para predecir individualmente la recuperación hematopoyética no tiene significancia clínica.Tesis
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Malbouisson, Helena Brandão. "Função de estrutura do antipróton nas interações difrativas a sqrt de s = 1.96 TeV". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=704.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Nesta tese são apresentadas a medida da taxa de produção de eventos difrativos e a extração da função de estrutura do antipróton para eventos de difração simples. A análise aqui apresentada é baseada em dados do detector DØ no Tevatron/Fermilab, colisor de prótons-antiprótons à energia de centro de massa de 1.96 TeV. A seleção de eventos difrativos é feita através de intervalos de rapidez - região do detector desprovida de partículas - determinados através da deposição de energia nas células do calorímetro DØ. A função de estrutura obtida nessa análise é comparada com resultados existentes dos experimentos H1 e CDF.
In this thesis we present a measurement of the diffractive to non-diffractive production rate and the extraction of the antiproton diffractive structure function. The analysis presented uses data from the DØ proton-antiproton collider at Tevatron/Fermilab with = 1.96 TeV. The data sample was selected using rapidity gap signatures determined through the sum of energy depositions in the DØ calorimeter cells. The measurements were performed on 0.19 pb-1 of Run IIa DØ data. The results are compared to H1 and CDF results."
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Ismail, Ahmad Hogir, i Noor Khazal. "Fracture strength of three-unit fixed partial denture in lithium disilicate, press versus milled, in-vitro study". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Odontologiska fakulteten (OD), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-19698.
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Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att jämföra fraktur styrkan och frakturmönster hos tre-leds broar utförda i litiumdisilikat när broarna tillverkas genom pressteknik jämfört med frästa tre-leds broar genom CAD/CAM system.Hypotes: Pressteknik är bättre lämpad med avseende till fraktur resistens då fräsning av litiumdisilikat block kan resultera i defekter och spänning i materialet, detta gör materialet mer benäget till chipping/mikroabrasioner på ytan som skulle kunna propagera och på så sätt påverka fraktur resistensen. P-värde sattes till p ≤0.05.Material och metod: 40 3-leds broar tillverkades med pressteknik jämfört med fräst teknik med CAD/CAM system i grupper. Dessa delades in i undergrupper baserat på anatomin. Broarna genomgick en artificiell åldringsprocess som utgjordes av termocykling och förbelastning. Efter den artificiella åldringsprocessen utsattes broarna för belastning fram till fraktur. Den statistiska datan samlades in och analyserades. Även fraktur mönstret analyserades. Resultat: Där fanns ingen signifikant skillnad gällande fraktur styrkan mellan de full anatomiska grupperna. Där fanns inte heller någon signifikant skillnad gällande fraktur styrkan mellan underkonstruktion grupperna. Hypotesen falsifieras därför.Slutsats: Där fanns ingen signifikant skillnad gällande hur mycket belastning det krävs för att frakturera broarna som tillverkats genom pressteknik jämfört med broarna tillverkade med hjälp av CAD/CAM teknik. Där finns ett tydligt mönster gällande fraktur mönstret men en slutsats kan inte dras med tanke på antalet broar som använts.Aim: The aim of this study was to compare fracture load and fracture mode of three-unit fixed partial dentures, made in lithium disilicate when the FDPs are made with pressing technique versus milled with a CAD/CAM system.Hypothesis: Pressing technique is better suited with regards to fracture load since milling of lithium disilicate blocks can result in defects and tension build up in the material, leaving the material more prone to chipping/micro-abrasions on the surface that could propagate and thus affecting the fracture load. P-value set to p ≤0.05.Material and methods: 40 FDPs where manufactured with pressing technique versus milled with a CAD/CAM system in each group. Furthermore, each group where subdivided depending on the anatomy. The FDPs thereafter underwent an artificial ageing process consisting of thermocycling and preloading. After the artificial aging process the FDPs were subjected to load to fracture, where the statistical data was collected and analyzed. Also, the fracture mode was observed and analyzed.Results: There was no significant difference regarding the fracture strength between the full anatomy groups. There was also no significant difference regarding the fracture strength between the core-design groups. The hypothesis was therefore rejected.Conclusion: There is no significant difference with regards to how much load is required to fracture FDPs made through pressing technique compared to FDPs made through the use of CAD/CAM technique. There is a clear pattern regarding the fracture patterns, however a conclusion can’t be drawn considering the sample size.
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Mazhar, Syed H. R. "Relative Bio-Equivalence of Salbutamol MDIs Without and With the Attached Spacers. Development and validation of novel HPLC methods for the determination of salbutamol (and terbutaline) in urine excreted post-inhalation for bioequivalence and pharmacokinetic studies of Salbutamol MDIs". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17140.
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This research explored in-vitro and in-vivo performance of three salbutamol metered dose inhalers (MDIs): Ventolin Evohaler (Evo), Airomir (Airo) and Salamol. In the in-vitro studies, critical quality attributes of the MDI using an Andersen cascade impactor (ACI) were examined and included measurement of fine particle dose (FPD) and total delivered dose (TDD). Bioequivalence studies were conducted in humans using the urinary pharmacokinetic method. Post-inhalation urinary excretion of salbutamol in the first 0.5 hour (lung deposition, USAL0.5) and over 24 hours (total systemic bioavailability, USAL24) were compared to determine the bioequivalence of the MDIs. The spacers recommended for use with these inhalers were also studied, and charcoal block studies were performed to assess the extent of USAL0.5.
The three MDIs had FPD (μg) of 78, 91 and 89, respectively; the latter pair was equivalent. Their USAL0.5 (6, 7 & 7 μg) was however not bioequivalent. These MDIs delivered equivalent dose (177, 174 & 180 μg) which reflected on their USAL24 (101, 84 & 97 μg). Nevertheless, USAL24 was inequivalent between Evo and Airo.
The FPD of Evo with Volumatic (VOL), AeroChamber Plus (AERO) and Able spacer was 78, 68 and 74 μg, respectively. The AERO treatment method was not equivalent to the MDI while VOL and Able were equivalent between them. Spacer USAL0.5 (16, 15 & 14 μg) was not bioequivalent to the MDI but to each other. The spacer in-vitro TDD (95, 85 & 92 μg) was inequivalent to the MDI treatment method. In contrast, their USAL24 was bioequivalent (97, 85 & 90 μg).
The FPD of Airomir with AERO (95 μg) was in-vitro equivalent while USAL0.5 (15 μg) of this treatment method was bio-inequivalent to the MDI alone. On the contrary, the TDD (110 μg) and USAL24 (84 μg) of AERO were respectively in-vitro inequivalent and bioequivalent to the MDI alone.
The FPD (μg) of Salamol MDI alone and with VOL (84) and AERO (86) as well as between the spacers was equivalent. However, the USAL0.5 of the MDI was not bioequivalent to spacers (20 and 18 μg) despite being equivalent between the spacers. In contrast, the respective TDD (103 and 95 μg) of spacer treatment methods were in-vitro inequivalent to the MDI alone albeit having bioequivalent USAL24 (86 and 87 μg).
The variations in the in-vitro performance of the three MDIs are most likely due to differences in their formulations and designs. As the performance metrics of the MDI influence lung deposition, substituting one MDI with another can have clinical implications.
Although the spacers reduced in-vitro TDD of the MDI to about half, their use increased lung deposition by over two folds, the magnitude of which varied with the MDI and spacer type. Despite significant decrease in dose delivery, the total systemic bioavailability with the spacers was similar to that with the MDI alone. This systemic bioequivalence is more likely due to greater USAL0.5 with the spacers. The results of the charcoal block studies reinforced this outcome.
The present study is unique as it used a clinically relevant salbutamol MDI dose (two puffs), assessed results for equivalence and analysed ACI deposition data further as stage groups. The deposition on adjacent ACI stages were grouped together as coarse, fine and extra-fine particle masses to identify their more likely deposition sites in the human respiratory tract. Moreover, this thesis describes highly sensitive and novel HPLC and SPE methods, developed and validated to quantify salbutamol in urinary and aqueous matrices.
As the clinical effects of MDIs are related to their lung deposition, the current work emphasizes the importance of spacer use. Nevertheless, differences in dose delivery between spacers may have clinical consequences. Hence, only the specific spacer recommended for use with the MDI should be used.World Federation, Stanmore, London and Sadaat Welfare Foundation, Bradford, West Yorkshire
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Dufka, Zbyněk. "Webový systém pro správu elektronických dokumentů". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220379.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is to provide a systematic study of Open Journal System, which is designed for electronic research papers publishing. Due to the nature of information published in this system, there is an elaborate approval process controlled by the editor. The main objective of this thesis is the realization of a system module, which would, at the end of the approval process, implement a stamp incorporating metadata of the source magazine to individual electronic documents. The thesis gives insight into the development of the structure of the Open Journal System and, briefly, describes the possibility of implementing this system. Another part of the work focuses on the sub-steps of the stamping module which was implemented into the system. This module allows editors to stamp individual electronic PDF documents that are published within the magazine and its various volumes. The module is designed to simplify the editing process of the journal with no prolongation or any other additional time required. Among other things, the reader learns how it is possible to create a block module, which can be used in the sidebar to display any system information. The work, also, previews the possibility to customize the user interface. Each implemented part contains solution proposals and, further, the implementation method and technical description is described in more detail. For better understanding and integrity of the work, stretches of the given code are also included, this might serve as an inspiration for users‘ modifications of the system.
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Lima, Frederico Diniz. "O papel da enzima Na+,K+-ATPase no déficit cognitivo e no efeito profilático induzido pelo exercício físico após o Traumatismo Crânio-Encefálico". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8941.
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Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the major cause of death or cognitive deficits in industrialized countries. Although studies have indicate that the oxidative stress and functional deficits after TBI are connected events, the mechanisms that outline the development of these cognitive deficits are, still, limited. In this context, we
investigated the involvement of oxidative stress markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive species; TBARS and protein carbonylation) and the Na+,K+-ATPase enzyme activity
on the spatial learning after one and three months from a fluid percussion injury (FPI) in rats. The results revealed that FPI increase the latency of escape and the number of the errors on the Barnes Maze Test one and three months after FPI. We also found an increase of TBARS and protein carbonylation in parietal cortex after one and three months FPI. In addition, statistical analysis revealed a decrease of the Na+,K+- ATPase enzyme activity in the parietal cortex after FPI (time-dependent). These
results suggest that cognitive impairment following FPI may result, at least in part, from increase of two oxidative stress markers, protein carbonylation and TBARS that occurs concomitantly to a decrease in Na+,K+-ATPase activity. Physical exercise, despite the involvement on the generation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), is
used on the rehabilitation of TBI. However, although the favorable effects of physical exercise on traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients is well known, the specific
mechanisms involved in this protection after TBI has been limited. Thus, we investigated whether physical training protects against oxidative damage (measured by protein carbonylation and TBARS) and neurochemical alterations represented by immunodetection of alpha subunit and activity of Na+,K+-ATPase after FPI in cerebral cortex of rats. The results revealed that physical training protected against oxidative damage induced by FPI. In addition, physical training was effective against Na+,K+-
ATPase enzyme activity inhibition and α subunit level decrease after FPI. The Pearson correlation showed that the decrease of the catalytical levels of the Na+,K+-
ATPase enzyme α subunit is related with the increasing on oxidative stress markers. Moreover, the physical activity-related protection against free radicals induced by FPI
links with maintenance of α subunit immunocontent. These results suggest that the effective protection stimulated by physical exercise on the neuronal damage induced
by TBI has connection with the protection of the specific targets from the free radicals action, like Na+,K+-ATPase enzyme.O Traumatismo crânio-encefálico (TCE) é uma das maiores causas de morte ou déficits cognitivos nos países industrializados. Apesar de os estudos indicarem que o estresse oxidativo e os déficits funcionais que ocorrem após TCE serem eventos interrelacionados, os mecanismos que delineiam o desenvolvimento destes déficits cognitivos são, ainda, limitados. Neste contexto nós investigamos o envolvimento de marcadores de estresse oxidativo (espécies reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico; TBARS e carbonilação protéica) e a atividade da enzima Na+,K+-ATPase no aprendizado espacial um e três meses após um dano de percussão por fluído (FPI) em ratos. Os resultados revelaram que o FPI aumentou o tempo de latência e o número de erros no teste do labirinto de Barnes em um e três meses após FPI. Também encontramos aumento no conteúdo de TBARS e proteína carbonil no córtex parietal em um e três meses após FPI. Além disso, a análise estatística revelou uma diminuição na atividade da enzima Na+,K+-ATPase no córtex cerebral após FPI tempo dependente, sugerindo que o déficit cognitivo induzido pelo FPI se deva pela perda de funcionabilidade de enzimas presentes na células como Na+,K+-ATPase. Perda esta induzida pelo aumento na geração de radicais livres após TCE. Apesar de estar envolvido no aumento da produção de espécies reativas ao Oxigênio (ERO), exercício físico tem sido utilizado na reabilitação de após TCE. Por outro lado, ainda são escassos na literatura estudos que evidenciam a especificidade dos mecanismos envolvidos na proteção induzida pelo exercício físico após TCE. Desta forma, investigamos se o treinamento físico protege contra o dano oxidativo bem como das alterações neuroquímicas representadas pela imunodetecção da subunidade α e da atividade da enzima Na+,K+-ATPase no córtex cerebral de ratos. Os resultados revelaram que o treinamento físico protegeu contra o dano oxidativo induzido por FPI. Além disso, o treinamento físico foi efetivo contra a inibição da enzima Na+,K+-ATPase e a diminuição dos níveis da sua subunidade α após FPI. A correlação de Pearson revelou que a diminuição dos níveis catalíticos da subunidade α da enzima Na+,K+-ATPase se correlaciona com o aumento dos marcadores de estresse oxidativo. Além disso, a proteção exercida pela atividade física contra os radicais livres induzidos por FPI tem relação com a manutenção do imunoconteúdo da subunidade α. A partir destes achados, sugere-se que a efetiva proteção exercida pelo exercício físico no dano neuronal causado induzido pelo TCE se deva pela proteção de alvos específicos a ação de radicais livres, como a enzima Na+, K+-ATPase.
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Busanello, Guilherme Lago. "O EFEITO DA SUPLEMENTAÇÃO COM CREATINA SOBRE O DEFICIT COGNITIVO INDUZIDO PELO TRAUMATISMO CRANIOENCEFÁLICO EM RATOS JOVENS". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6728.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorBy definition Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common involvement in all societies and covers the entire set of processes that alone or in combination can damage the brain. In children and adolescents TBI is an interruption in their normal development, with estimates ranging from 200 to 500 cases per 100,000 per year. Most cases are characterized as mild, with few long-term consequences, however, a significant portion of young people suffer more serious injuries. Furthermore, Juvenile TBI is the major cause of death and disability in children and adolescents. An important factor is that the sports and youth have always been closely related. In this sense, it called attention traumas, especially for young people during practice of contact sports such as martial arts, football, ice hockey, baseball. Because of the wide variety of conditions associated with TBI, there is considerable interest in the development and subsequent application of biochemical markers that relate the severity of brain damage with the development of neurological problems such as memory and learning deficits. In this context, this study aimed, at first, to see if the young animals subjected to TBI had cognitive impairment fifteen days after the injury and whether creatine supplementation has protective effect by changing the activity of CK enzyme, modulating the expression of AMPK protein, CREB, p-CREB and BDNF involved in cognitive impairment and histological damage generated by TBI To this end the present study used young male Wistar rats at 35 days of life subjected to TBI or subjected to all processes except TBI were divided into four groups which were randomized to receive the Cr supplementation (300 mg / kg po) was suspended in 0.5% CMC or vehicle (CMC) twice daily for a period of 14 days. it was shown that animals on submitted to TBI showed a reduction in cognitive functions evaluated by 15 days object recognition task after TBI. The animals that received creatine supplementation did not have their compromised functions. Our biochemical data revealed that the activity of the enzyme creatine kinase was increased fifteen days after trauma, in the same period the TBI did not alter the expression of AMPK however creatine supplementation increased its expression, suggesting a connection between CK and AMPK after TBI, since the creatine supplementation was effective in raising the activity of CK while increased expression of AMPK also caused a significant increase in the ratio of CREB and p-CREB in animals that were supplemented. We also note the participation of BDNF, whose expression this increases the animals submitted to the TBI and were supplemented with creatine, protection evidenced by creatine in lesion volume induced by the TBI.
Por definição o Traumatismo Cranioencefálico (TCE) é um acometimento comum em todas as sociedades e abrange todo o conjunto de processos que sozinhos ou em combinação podem danificar o encéfalo. Em crianças e adolescentes o TCE representa uma interrupção em seu desenvolvimento normal, com estimativas que variam de 200 a 500 casos para cada 100.000 ao ano. A maioria dos casos é caracterizada como leve, com poucas consequências a longo prazo, entretanto, uma porção significativa de jovens sofrerá ferimentos mais graves. Além disso, o TCE juvenil é a principal causa de morte e incapacidade em crianças e adolescente. Neste sentido, chama-se a atenção traumas sofridos, principalmente por jovens durante pratica de esportes de contato como as artes marciais, o futebol americano, hóquei no gelo, baseball. Devido a grande variedade de condições associadas ao TCE, há um considerável interesse no desenvolvimento e posterior aplicação de marcadores bioquímicos que relacionem a gravidade do dano cerebral com o desenvolvimento de problemas neurológicos, como déficits de memória e aprendizado. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo, verificar se o se os animais jovens submetidos ao TCE apresentavam déficit cognitivo quinze dias após a lesão e se a suplementação com creatina possui efeito protetor, alterando a atividade da enzima CK, modulando a expressão das proteínas AMPK, CREB, p-CREB e BDNF envolvidas no déficit cognitivo e no dano histológico gerado pelo TCE. Para tal o presente estudo utilizou ratos Wistar jovens machos aos 35 dia de vida submetidos ao TCE ou submetido a todos os processos exceto o TCE, foram divididos em quatro grupos onde foram aleatoriamente separados, para receber a suplementação com Cr (300 mg / kg, p.o), suspensa em CMC a 0,5% ou veículo (CMC) duas vezes ao dia por um período de 14 dias. Foi evidenciado que os animais submetidos ao TCE apresentaram uma redução nas funções cognitivas avaliadas pela tarefa de reconhecimento de objeto 15 dias após o TCE. Já os animais que receberam a suplementação com creatina não tiveram suas funções comprometidas. Nossos dados bioquímicos revelaram que a atividade da enzima creatina quinase estava aumentada quinze dias pós-trauma, no mesmo período o TCE não alterou a expressão de AMPK porem a suplementação com creatina aumentou sua expressão, sugerindo uma conexão entre CK e AMPK após o TCE, uma vez que a suplementação com creatina foi efetiva em elevar a atividade da CK ao mesmo tempo que elevou a expressão de AMPK, também causou um aumento significativo na razão entre CREB e p-CREB nos animais que foram suplementados. Observamos também a participação do BDNF, cuja expressão esta aumenta nos animais que foram submetidos ao TCE e foram suplementados com creatina, na proteção evidenciada pela creatina no volume da lesão induzida pelo TCE.
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ARYA, YOGENDRA. "SOME STUDIES ON AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROL OF MULTI-AREA INTERCONNECTED RESTRUCTURED POWER SYSTEMS". Thesis, 2017. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/16145.
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The prime objective of automatic generation control (AGC) is to adjust the active
power generation in response to variable power demands and hence to maintain
scheduled system frequency and scheduled tie-line power flows with neighboring
control areas at desired tolerance values. A sizeable fall in frequency might badly
affect the timing of electric clocks, magnetizing currents in transformers/induction
motors, constant speed of AC motors, continuous operation of processes and
synchronous operation of various units in power system. Additionally, power system
may face a serious instability problem at substantial drop in the frequency. In steady
state, automatically these variations must be zero. Enhanced power system stability is
achieved with the proper design of supplementary controller adopted in an AGC
system. However, continuous growth in size and complexity, stochastically changing
power demands, system modeling errors, alterations in electric power system
structures and variations in the system parameters over the time has turned AGC task
into a challenging one. Consequently, conventional control strategies may be
incompetent to handle such unpredictable variations in an AGC system. Hence, the
researchers over the world are trying to propose several novel control strategies that
fuse knowledge, techniques and methodologies from varied sources to tackle AGC
problem of power system effectively. The literature survey indicates that several
researchers, to tackle AGC issue in restructured system, have presented various types
of controllers optimized using various conventional and intelligent soft computing
techniques. The literature survey also unveils that the performance of AGC system
depends chiefly on the sort of intelligent technique exploited and structure of the
controller. Hence, the goal of the present study is to propose different types of new
vi
supplementary controller structures for various types of restructured as well as
traditional power systems.
The presented work is divided into ten chapters. Chapter 1 deals with the
introduction of AGC topic in deregulated environment. Chapter 2 presents a critical
review of AGC schemes in restructured power system. Chapter 3 stresses on the
modeling of traditional and restructured power systems under the study. The main
simulation work starts from Chapter 4.
In Chapter 4, the study is firstly conducted on a proposed restructured two-area
multi-source hydrothermal and hydrothermal gas power systems interconnected via
AC and AC/DC parallel tie-lines. Modern optimal control theory based optimal PI
structured controllers are designed with full state vector feedback control strategy
employing performance index minimization criterion. From the results obtained in the
study, it is substantiated that the use of AC/DC parallel links as an area
interconnection shows enrichment in the dynamic performance of the system in terms
of less oscillations, settling time and peak overshoots/undershoots in the deviation in
frequency and tie-line power responses. Eigenvalue study confirmed the positive
effect of AC/DC parallel links on the system dynamic performance and stability. It is
also observed that the multi-source hydrothermal system shows inferior performance
in comparison to the single-source thermal system due the presence of hydro source in
each area of the multi-source hydrothermal system due to the non-minimum phase
characteristics of hydro turbines.
The full state feedback optimal PI controllers work well and are very much robust
but in realistic environments, the measurement of all states is not feasible all the time.
Hence, next, in Chapter 5, some modern methods are adopted to conduct the study. In
first attempt, a modified fuzzy PI (FPI) controller optimized using genetic algorithm
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(GA) is proposed for different electric power system models such as traditional two
area non-reheat thermal, reheat thermal, multi-source hydrothermal and restructured
two-area reheat thermal systems. In traditional two-area multi-source hydrothermal
system, each control area owns two generating units, one non-reheat thermal and one
mechanical governor based hydro power plant. However, in restructured two-area
single-source system, each control area owns two single reheat thermal generating
units. Firstly, a FPI-1 controller is designed with nominal range of membership
functions (mfs) and GA tuned output scaling factors. Secondly, to test the impact of
alteration in horizontal range of mfs of FPI-1, it is further optimized to get FPI-2
controller. The results of FPI-1 and 2 controllers are compared and the results due to
later controller are found to be superior. Yet, FPI controllers are designed only for a
traditional two-area non-reheat thermal system; they are successfully applied on other
system under studies. The performance of FPI controllers is found significantly
superior in terms of lesser numerical values of settling times (STs), peak undershoots
(PUs) and various performance indices (PIs) compared to conventional controllers
based on optimal, GA, gravitational search algorithm (GSA), bacterial foraging
optimization algorithm (BFOA), hybrid BFOA-particle swarm optimization (hBFOA
PSO) and hybrid firefly algorithm-pattern search (hFA-PS) techniques.
Next, in Chapter 6, BFOA optimized fuzzy PI (FPI) and fuzzy PID (FPID)
controllers are proposed for traditional two-area non-reheat thermal, reheat thermal,
multi-source hydrothermal and restructured multi-source hydrothermal power
systems. BFOA is used to simultaneously tune the input and output scaling factors of
FPI/FPID controller keeping mfs and fuzzy rules invariant. It is observed that FPI
controller shows superior results in terms of lesser values of STs/PUs/PIs compared to
PI controller based on recently reported techniques like GA/PSO/BFOA/hBFOA
viii
PSO/hFA-PS/FA/artificial bee colony (ABC) and FPI controller tuned using PS/PSO
algorithms for the same system design.
Further, a fractional order PID (FOPID) structured controller is suggested for AGC
problem solution of power systems in Chapter 7. The parameters of FOPID controller
are optimized exploiting BFOA. At first, a traditional two-area multi-source
hydrothermal system is considered and the advantage of FOPID is established over
PI/PID controller optimized using hFA-PS and PID controller optimized using grey
wolf optimization (GWO) techniques. To show the effectiveness of the method, the
approach is further extended to restructured two-area multi-source hydrothermal and
thermal gas systems. The analysis of the simulation results discloses the efficacy of
FOPID controller over BFOA/differential evolution (DE)/GA optimized PID
controller. Then, the study is extended to a restructured three-area multi-source
hydrothermal power system.
In the next step of the study, a maiden attempt is made to propose a fractional
order fuzzy PID (FOFPID) controller for traditional two-area multi-source
hydrothermal, restructured two-area multi-source hydrothermal, restructured two-area
multi-source thermal gas and restructured three-area multi-source hydrothermal AGC
systems in Chapter 8. The parameters of FOFPID controller are also tuned utilizing
BFOA. The critical analysis of the obtained results revealed the worth of FOFPID
controller over FOPID controller in terms of less numerical value of STs, PUs and
PIs. It is also experienced that FOFPID controller satisfies the AGC requirements in
different power transactions taking place under deregulated environment more
fruitfully than FOPID controller.
In Chapter 9, FOFPID controller is implemented in AGC of restructured three
area multi-source hydrothermal system considering appropriate generation rate
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constraint (GRC), deadzone (DZ), boiler dynamics (BD) and time delay (TD).
However, controller is optimized for linear system it works robustly in the presence of
GRC/DZ/BD/TD physical constraints; though in the presence of GRC/DZ/BD/TD the
system performance degraded drastically in comparison to the linear or the system
with GRC only. Further, investigations clearly reveal that the controller is found to
perform well when the system is subjected to higher degree of uncontracted load
demands and simultaneous occurrence of uncontracted load demands. Thus, controller
parameters obtained for the linear system are robust enough and need not be retuned
for the system having appropriate GRC or GRC/DZ/BD/TD or wide changes in the
size and location of contract violations. Thus, BFOA tuned FOFPID controller and
other controllers proposed in the previous chapters may be options to supply reliable
power with quality to the consumers.
Finally, Chapter 10 presents an overview of the contributions made in the current
thesis. Few suggestions are also given to extend the research in the future.
42
Nguyen, Hung. "Rapid prototyping using field programmable gate array (FPGA) and field programmable interconnect devices (FPID)". 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/19271.
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Lin, Wei-Chih, i 林威志. "VLSI Implementation of FPIC Design for PSiP/PSoC". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46845685191940017745.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
資訊工程學系
105
Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is composed by logic block, routing resource, and I/O. Routing resource occupy 70% area of a FPGA, so we can say that routing architecture dominates the routing efficiency and area. Routing architecture is composed by metal wires and programmable switches. Intuitively, increasing programmable switches deliver good routability in a FPGA. On the contrary, because programmable switches have high resistance and capacities, too many programmable switches would cause the area increasing as well as the operating speed slow. So, Yen et al. propose a routing structure called polygonal switch network (PSN), and the structure has high routibility and few switches. Polygonal switch network PSN(4s, m , n) is composed by the connections of a polygonal switch block SB(4s, m) and 2s connection block CB(m, n). PSN can be applied on FPIC (Field Programmable Interconnection Chip) which is made by routing structures. In terms of switch numbers, Yen et al. has proved that using PSN(4s, m, s), s>1, structure is more efffeicient that using traditional 4-side switch network (s=1). PSN(4s, m, n) has less switches than PSN(4, m, n) by N1/2 times for a BD with 2sn pins. In the paper, we will use this PSN structure to implement FPIC which can be applied in PSiP (Programmable System in a Package) or PSoC (Programmable System on a Chip) system. Because in the system of PSiP and PSoC, BD (Bare Die)/ Hard IP (Hard Intellectual Property Core) has a lot of pins, the system using PSN would have better area utilization. We lay out FPIC which use PSN(4s, m , n) by cell-based design method. The implementation result of PSN shows that when BD/Hard IP pins between 64 and 128, the needed layout area of FPIC with PSN(8, m , n), s=2 (8-side switch network), is the smallest. The result also show that the needed layout area of a FPIC has positive correlation to the needed switch numbers.
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Chu, Lee-An, i 朱麗安. "Hyper-Universal Ring Switch Network for FPIC Design". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85739064145851400253.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
資訊工程學系
101
This paper presents a new combination of FPIC architecture, and that implemented in the FPIC design. The chip uses the Hyper Universal Ring Switch Block (HURSB) as routing resource architecture. A switch box has highly routing performance can reduce the width of routing channel and improve area-efficiency. And a switch box is said to be hyper-universal if it is routable for all possible surrounding multi-pin net topologies satisfying the routing resource constraints. Our HURSB and Fan’s SB are hyper-universal, so we add HUSB’s and HURSB’s routing rules in VPR software to compare with the architecture of Xilinx XC4000 Type, Universal, and Wilton. We also compare the relationship between the number of cluster logic block and each of switch box architecture. Experiments on benchmark circuits show that switch-efficiency and area-efficiency are significantly improved. Besides, due to our HURSB designs are highly regular, scalable, and routing performances, thus it is very suitable for FPIC implementation. Based on experiment results, we can determine the parameters of FPIC for the VLSI implementation.
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Chen, Shen-wen, i 陳聖文. "The location of Taiwan''s FPD industry". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48487765165295602142.
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碩士國立中山大學
公共事務管理研究所
92
The development of Taiwan’s FPD industry was from 1976, and after passing the stage of TN-LCD, STN-LCD, TFT-LCD and OELD, it becomes one of the most important industries in Taiwan. But after searching the thesis that about FPD industry in Taiwan, there is no talking about the location of FPD plants. This paper reviewed many research about location theory, and try to separate in six part, which is cluster, human resource, cost, government policy, transportation and urban environment. This research use AHP to investigate 13 enterprises which about TFT-LCD and OLED manufactories in Taiwan, and 8 were success. In construct, according to the AHP’s weight, cost factor is the highest, then is human resource, government policy, cluster, urban environment, transportation.
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Liu, Cheng-Chieh, i 劉政杰. "Low-Offset Buffer Amplifier for FPD Applications". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51592442790739998472.
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Wang, Hao-Chung, i 汪皓中. "20-Gbps Transmission of Injection-Locked WRC-FPLD for WDM-PON". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39080112261556836750.
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碩士國立交通大學
顯示科技研究所
100
Wavelength-division-multiplexing PONs (WDM-PONs) recently have been envisioned as prominent technology for next-generation PONs because of its high network security and it can provide great amount of users. How to keep the cost down and increase data transmission is the most important issue. In this thesis, we use the injection-locked weak-resonant-cavity Fabry-Perot laser diode (WRC-FPLD) at WDM-PON so that it can be used for colorless ONUs light source. We will show the WRC-FPLD with 1% front-facet reflectivity injected by a tunable laser and directly modulated for optical OFDM and SC-FDE transmission. In the locking range of 1545nm~1575nm, We can successfully transmit 20Gbit/s OFDM and SC-FDMA signal after 25km with good BER performance. The performance of injection-locked WRC-FPLD is better than conventional FPLD. This technology could promote the development of WDM-PON system.
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Tsai, Tung-Huang, i 蔡東晃. "A Study on TV Consumers’ Willingness to Accept FPD-TV and Evaluation of FPD-TV Attributes in Greater Taipei Area". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88784832039061387872.
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碩士國立交通大學
經營管理研究所
91
Nowadays, there are many types of FPD-TV products based on different kinds of FPD technology, including PDP-TV, LCD-TV and Digital Projection-TV (front projection/rear projection; driven by MicroDisplay), as the major players in highly competitive TV market. For the time being, there will be a great chance of developing FPD-TV in Europe, USA, Japan, as well as in Taiwan. Before the selling price going down to the acceptable level, it couldn’t be popularized in other area; however, the economic situation in some cities of Mainland China, such as Peking and Shanghai, is rising dramatically, it might be popularized in the near future. We used Innovation Adoption Theory and revised it as the study’s frame used to identify the acceptance of the FPD-TV based on TV consumers'' preference and their demand. In addition, we try to find out whether the TV consumers can be segregated by their life style so as to identify target consumer groups and to describe their characteristics. We also try to explore the relations between product attributes and consumers’ time to adoption by Multiple Regression Analysis. Finally, we provide our research results to the industry to formulate their marketing strategies. This research is to use structured questionnaires, and we got 466 effective copies of the samples we used for this study are the Taipei area TV consumers who attended to The 13th Comprehensive Electric Show, Taipei 2003. All data were analyzed with the following methods: Frequency Distribution Analysis, Factor Analysis, Reliability Analysis, Cluster Analysis, Discriminant Analysis, MANOVA Analysis, Scheffe’s Test, Chi-square Test and Multiple Regression Analysis. The research result shows that if we don’t consider whether the consumers are aware of these products, 72.9% potential users have expressed their intention to purchase in the market. If we only figure the potential users who have been aware of these products, 82.9% potential users have expressed their intention to purchase in the market. From the samples we discovered that potential users could be effectively segregated by life style. In addition, we found the demographic variables shows difference do exist in terms of the gender, age, monthly average income of family, occupation, family life cycle, family size, number of minor children and house size. We found the consumers’ adoption behavior variables shows difference do exist in terms of the types of family TV, source of information, opinion of the function, perception of the product function, interested, action of the product, time to adoption, size of screen, large aspect ratio, type of the product, price, type of payment, where to buy, fee structure of Digital TV channel, monthly fee of basic channels. In order to target these potential customers, different marketing strategies are required. About 88% of the sample attendants who has heard of FPD-TV, and 70% of the attendants who will adopt the product have expressed that the FPD-TV can provide multifunctional services when compared to traditional CRT-based TV. Primary sources of such information come from newspapers and magazines. Majority of the sample attendants showed interest in FPD-TV and 66% have expressed their intention to purchase the FPD-TV over 12 month. It also shows differences do exist between different lifestyle groups in evaluating factors. In the whole potential users, they emphasize to the quality of products and maintain service. This research has also found that product attributes could influence consumers’ time to adoption. And we found that firms enhance some FPD-TV attributes will speed up the adoption of consumers to accelerate the diffusion of FPD-TV.
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Peres, Ana Filipa de Castro e. Quadros do Carmo. "FPD- PROCESSODESIGN®: web strategy for agency’s website". Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/3497.
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JEL: L- L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance; L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior; L81-Retail and Wholesale Trade; e-Commerce; L82 - Entertainment; Media
M- M3 - Marketing and AdvertisingFPD- Processodesign is a Design & Advertisement agency that intends to be revolutionary in the Portuguese market and aims to go abroad. In order to that, a website is an extremely necessary tool. A study was made about the advertisement market in Portugal, along with its way of function, to create the agency. As a way to the growth of the agency, along with its awareness, it has been decided that a good project would include the development of a website, so it would be easier to expose projects and also to become more competitive against market leaders and bigger agencies. This project presents a study made about the advertisement market in Portugal along with its function and it also intends to show the online world: International Marketing and Internet, factors related to the will of growth, differences between e-business and e-commerce that most times are confounded and taken by the same thing, although they are totally different, and online optimization tools like Affiliate Marketing and CRM. The market components explanation and the propagation of online businesses solidify the need that Processodesign has to implement a website to succeed in the market. The use of online tools inside the website highlight the great bet it is. Combined with these factors, the company is presented along with a Web Strategy that is the basis for the website implementation because it specifies the strategy that is going to be presented on the website. Web Strategy, along with optimization tools, clarifies the necessity that the agency has to have a website to prevail in the market since there are companies well solidified.
FPD- Processodesign é uma agência de Design & Publicidade que tem como objectivo ser revolucionária no mercado e que tenciona expandir-se internacionalmente. Para isso acontecer, ter um website é fundamental. Para a criação da agência foi feito um estudo sobre o mercado publicitário em Portugal assim como sobre o seu funcionamento. Como forma de crescimento da agência, assim como do crescimento da sua notoriedade, foi decidido que um bom projecto incluiria a criação de um website para ser mais fácil expor o trabalho e também a tornar mais competitiva contra agências maiores e líderes de mercado. Este projecto mostra o estudo feito sobre o mercado em Portugal bem como o seu funcionamento e explica o mundo online: desde o Marketing Internacional e a Internet, factores relacionados com o crescimento, diferenças entre e-business e e-commerce que várias vezes são confundidos e tomados pelo mesmo, embora sejam completamente diferentes, e ferramentas de optimização online como o Marketing Afiliado e o CRM. A explicação das componentes do mercado e a propagação de negócios online solidificam a necessidade que a Processodesign tem de criar um website para vingar no mercado. O uso de ferramentas online dentro do site evidenciam a boa aposta que é. Juntamente com estes factores é apresentada a empresa e uma estratégia Web que é a base de implementação do site pois especifica a estratégia que irá estar presente no site. A estratégia Web, em conjunto com as ferramentas de optimização, evidencia a necessidade que a agência tem de ter um website para vingar no mercado visto que existem empresas bem solidificadas.
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Rosendahl, Glenn K. "Polymorphic computing paradigms realized for a FPD based multicomputer". 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/18999.
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