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Rarasati, Tania Tasmaya, Hariyanto Susilo i Iwan Permadi. "Legal Protection of Foundations of Land Ownership Which Is Named to the Management". International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 8, nr 3 (3.03.2021): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i3.2491.
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The purpose of conducting this research is to analyze and determine the status of land ownership by foundations whose initial ownership was before the enactment of the Law on Foundations on behalf of the foundation management. The research method used is a sociological juridical research. While the research approach used is a statutory approach, history, cases, and a philosophical approach. The results of the study show a tendency that the existence of a foundation which has historically originated from relying on colonial doctrine, jurisprudence, and regulations, makes the foundation's status as a legal entity does not appear firm. Thus, this has implications for the foundation's rights to manage and own the foundation's wealth and assets. The foundation's wealth and assets are actually important entities for the foundation in carrying out the foundation's activities in order to achieve the foundation's goals. The Law on Foundations only existed in 2002, which once stated that foundations were legal entities engaged in social, religious and humanitarian fields. The positive impact that arises after the promulgation of regulations on foundations is that it makes it easier for foundations to take legal actions, especially in terms of managing the foundation's assets. However, in its development, law must be able to support the sociological development of the legal subject itself. The Law on Foundations is not sufficiently capable of providing legal protection for foundations related to ownership of land rights by foundations. Although under transitional provisions, it has been mandatory for foundations within a certain period of time to adjust the Foundation's Articles of Association and Bylaws with the new law. However, there are no articles that specifically regulate how the transfer of ownership status of foundation assets from before the enactment of the Law on Foundations until after the enactment of the Law on Foundations. So, this research leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to include articles in the Law on Foundations that regulate the ownership status of foundation assets and their transfers.
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Marlin, Anwar Borahima, Aidir Amin i Marthen Arie. "Handover of Land Rights to Foundation Founders as Initial Assets of The Foundation". Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18, nr 6 (2.04.2024): e04859. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n6-078.
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Objective: Conflicts within the foundation are motivated by problems, in the areas of interests of the founder of the Foundation, the heirs of the founder of the foundation and the foundation's organs, both, supervisors, administrators and supervisors. An ideal concept is needed in the form of handing over rights to the founder's land as the initial wealth of the Foundation, this concept becomes The main choice in resolving all problems that arise within the foundation, the concept can also be useful for ensuring that the founders of the foundation, their heirs, receive legal certainty, justice and benefits. Likewise, the Foundation's organs (Guardians, Management and Supervisors), carry out their duties solely to achieve the foundation's goals, and not other goals . The aim is to find and clarify that foundation founders can hand over land rights as the foundation's initial assets without losing their ownership rights. Methode: This research is a type of normative research. Result : Law Number 28 concerning Foundations mandates the establishment of foundations in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. Foundations established before this law can still be registered as valid legal entities, but must comply with applicable laws. Conclusion : Foundations must have a charter to monitor their activities and prevent losses. Handing over land rights as the foundation's initial assets without losing ownership rights requires a binding agreement between the foundation and the land owner, as stated in the foundation's Articles of Association.
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Brahmantya, Ida Bagus Bayu, I. Nyoman Suyatna i Dewa Gde Rudy. "JUDICIAL REVIEW: THE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT BY THE COURT INSTITUTION BETWEEN THE FOUNDATION AND ITS MANAGEMENT". Journal of International Legal Communication 6 (27.09.2022): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32612/uw.27201643.2022.6.pp.71-80.
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This study aims to analyze disputes between foundations and foundation administrators in internal conflicts including the dismissal, replacement and appointment of foundation administrators and procedures for resolving such disputes between foundations and foundation administrators through the general judiciary and state administration. If a board member is found to have acted detrimental to the foundation, then based on the decision of the supervisor’s meeting, the board can be dismissed. This is a trigger for disputes that occur within the foundation. This dispute can be resolved by filing a lawsuit by the management who is dismissed on the basis of unlawful acts committed by the foundation. This research is a normative legal research with qualitative analysis. This study concludes that disputes between foundations and foundation management are caused by the implementation of foundation activities that are not in accordance with applicable laws, and the foundation’s articles of association. The settlement of disputes between foundations and foundation administrators through judicial institutions is one alternative dispute resolution that can be used, depending on the type and the object of the dispute before the court.
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Nia, Sally Novita. "The Use of Third Party Services in the Protection of Foundation Funds in Indonesia". Journal La Sociale 4, nr 5 (8.12.2023): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journal-la-sociale.v4i5.886.
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The foundation is a legal entity engaged in the social, humanitarian and religious fields. The Foundation has no members. Judging from its purpose, the foundation is not looking for profit. Foundations have an independent position as a result of having assets that are separate from the personal wealth of the founders and administrators, and have their own goals that are different or separate from the personal goals of the founders or administrators. In the article 7 of the Law states that foundations can participate in various forms of business that are prospective, provided that all participation is at most 25% (twenty five percent) of the total value of the foundation's assets. In practice, there have been irregularities in the management of funds and the misuse of foundations. This paper will examine how to manage foundation funds so that there are no irregularities in the foundation's legal entity. In the management of foundation activities, it can be made in the form of written activities before carrying out social activities for the foundation.
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Cusick, Anne, Michael Curtin, Elspeth Froude, Jenny Ziviani, Mandy Stanley, Matthew Molineux, Tammy Hoffman, Deidre Morgan, Annette Joosten i Kathy Kuipers. "Foundations of the research foundation". Australian Occupational Therapy Journal 60, nr 6 (grudzień 2013): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1440-1630.12102.
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Brahmantya, Ida Bagus Bayu, I. Nyoman Suyatna i Dewa Gde Rudy. "The dispute settlement by the court institution between the foundation and its management: A judicial review". International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 11, nr 8 (13.11.2022): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i8.2175.
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Foundation legal entities have organs that carry out the functions of the foundation. The management of the foundation has responsibility for the legal entity of the foundation. This study aims to find out about disputes between foundations and foundation administrators in internal conflicts including the dismissal, replacement and appointment of foundation administrators and procedures for resolving disputes between foundations and foundation administrators through the general judiciary and state administration. If a board member is found to have acted detrimental to the foundation, then based on the decision of the supervisor's meeting, the board can be dismissed, this is a trigger for disputes that occur within the foundation. The settlement of this dispute can be resolved by filing a lawsuit by the management which is dismissed on the basis of unlawful acts committed by the foundation. This research is normative legal research with qualitative analysis. This study concludes disputes between foundations and foundation management are caused by the implementation of foundation activities that are not in accordance with applicable laws and regulations and the implementation of the foundation's articles of association and the household itself. Settlement of disputes between foundations and foundation administrators through judicial institutions is one alternative dispute resolution that can be used and is stated in the provisions concerning foundations, depending on the type of dispute, and the object of the dispute for dispute resolution before the court.
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Sepp, Katrin, i Urmas Kaarlep. "The Estonian Foundation – What is Missing for It to Be A Well-Designed Wealth-Management Vehicle for Local and Foreign High-Net-Worth Individuals?" Juridica International 24 (9.10.2016): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/ji.2016.24.10.
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Although Estonia has a foundations regulation that enables establishing private foundations, the local high-net-worth individuals prefer to use schemes and foundations offered by other countries and Estonia’s export of the relevant service is a non-issue today. The article explores why this is so. One of the biggest problems certainly is the current double taxation of private foundations. Another major problem is excessive accountability and publicity: an Estonian foundation is registered in a public register from which the information on that foundation is accessible to everyone. This includes the data on the founder and beneficiaries; the content of the bylaws; and, through annual reports, information on the foundation’s income, wealth, and assets. The authors propose amendments to the current regulation and, to justify the changes, suggest some incentives for encouraging the establishment of private foundations in Estonia.
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Monteiro, Nuno P., i Keven G. Ruby. "IR and the false promise of philosophical foundations". International Theory 1, nr 1 (marzec 2009): 15–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752971909000050.
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International Relations (IR) is uneasy about its status as a ‘science’. Throughout a long history of attempts to legitimate the field as ‘scientific’, IR scholars have imported multifarious positions from the Philosophy of Science (PoS) in order to ground IR on an unshakable foundation. Alas, no such unshakable foundation exists. The PoS is itself a contested field of study, in which no consensus exists on the proper foundation for science. By importing foundational divisions into IR, the ‘science’ debate splits the discipline into contending factions and justifies the absence of dialogue between them. As all foundations require a leap of faith, imperial foundational projects are always vulnerable to challenge and therefore unable to resolve the science question in IR. In this article, we seek to dissolve rather than solve the ‘science’ debate in IR and the quest for philosophical foundations. We argue that IR scholars should adopt an ‘attitude towards’ rather than a ‘position in’ the irresolvable foundational debate. Specifically, we advocate an attitude of ‘foundational prudence’ that is open-minded about what the PoS can offer IR, while precluding imperial foundational projects, which attempt to impose a single meta-theoretical framework on the discipline. This requires knowing what PoS arguments can and cannot do. As such, foundational prudence is post-foundational rather than anti-foundational. A prudent attitude towards philosophical foundations encourages theoretical and methodological pluralism, making room for a question-driven IR while de-escalating intra-disciplinary politics.
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Ørberg, Mark, i Louise Blichfeldt Fjord. "Enterprise Foundations as ‘Non-profit Organizations’ Under the EU Pillar Two Directive". Intertax 51, Issue 6/7 (1.05.2023): 472–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2023048.
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The authors explore the highly debated 15% minimum corporate tax rate better known as Pillar Two. More specifically, the focus is on ‘public good enterprise foundations’ and the potential applicability of the ‘non-profit organization’ definition in the EU Pillar Two Directive (2022/ 2523) from December 2022. A public good enterprise foundation typically controls one or more operating enterprises but can only distribute income to the public good purposes stipulated in the foundation charter. This ‘distribution restraint’ is supplemented by a ‘disbursement duty’ as the governing board must make distributions to the foundation’s public good purposes. In some instances, the founder has – in addition to one or more public good purposes – explicitly stipulated ownership of (specific) operating entities for the purpose of raising funds for the public good purposes in the charter. Consequently, whereas corporations make profit for their owners, the public good enterprise foundation’s purpose is not to operate for profit-making but instead to operate for promotion of the public good purpose in the foundation charter. Illustrated by Danish public good enterprise foundations (DK: Erhvervsdrivende fonde), it is analysed whether public good enterprise foundations in Europe should be considered as ‘non-profit organizations’ excluded from the EU Pillar Two Directive despite owning (controlling) interests in operating entities that are conducting commercial business. The impact is significant as this would exclude the income and tax of the public good enterprise foundations (and their holding companies) when calculating the jurisdictional effective tax rate of the group and prevent the application of the income inclusion rule and the under taxed payment rule on their income. While self-owned foundations may be unfamiliar in some Member States, it will have significant impact on other Member States such as Denmark where some of the largest businesses (e.g., Maersk, Novo Nordisk, Carlsberg, and Lundbeck) are owned by such public good enterprise foundations. The authors argue they should be considered as non-profit organizations and therefore excluded entities under the Directive. Non-profit definition, International tax law, EU tax law, Pillar II, EU Directive 2022/2523, Enterprise foundations, Industrial foundations, Foundation purpose, Foundation objective
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Suryaningtyas, Lintang. "KEDUDUKAN YAYASAN : ANTARA PENDIRI DAN MASYARAKAT". Jurnal Paradigma Hukum Pembangunan 4, nr 01 (31.03.2020): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25170/paradigma.v4i01.1635.
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The foundation as a form of legal entity in Indonesia has a unique character because it is owned by the public, has no members, and is engaged in social, religious and humanitarian fields. The founder separates a portion of his personal assets and surrenders fully to the foundation he founded. After that, the founder may sit as the organ of the foundation that he founded, although that is not compulsory, as well as the family members of the founder of the foundation which are a completely separate part and may not have any interest in the foundation. The foundation’s establishment is relatively easy, but its management requires carefulness in order not to cause legal problems among the organs, the organs the founder and other legal problems that may effect the foundations themselves. The founding of the foundation since the era of Hindia Belanda without being regulated by laws and regulations in Indonesia, raises its own resistance for descendants of the founders of foundations and foundation managers who are accustomed to manage foundations with free play rules, when the birth of the Republic of Indonesia Law Number 16 of 2001 Concerning Foundations then amended by Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 28 of 2004 concerning Amendments to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 16 of 2001 concerning Foundations, along with the implementing regulations. Efforts to enforce the provisions in the Law of the Foundation seem to indeed require some significant amount of time, so that within a period of almost two decades since the enactment of the Foundation Law, there are still many ignorance of the provisions regarding foundations and conflicts that resulted from such ignorance.
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Moldovan, Angelo-Vlad. "Between Pathology and Well-Behaviour – A Possible Foundation for Tame Mathematics". Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philosophia 67, Special Issue (30.10.2022): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphil.2022.sp.iss.04.
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"An in-depth examination of the foundations of mathematics reveals how its treatment is centered around the topic of “unique foundation vs. no need for a foundation” in a traditional setting. In this paper, I show that by applying Shelah’s stability procedures to mathematics, we confine ourselves to a certain section that manages to escape the Gödel phenomenon and can be classified. We concentrate our attention on this mainly because of its tame nature. This result makes way for a new approach in foundations through model-theoretic methods. We then cover Penelope Maddy’s “foundational virtues” and what it means for a theory to be foundational. Having explored what a tame foundation can amount to, we argue that it can fulfil some of Maddy’s foundational qualities. In the last part, we will examine the consequences of this new paradigm – some philosophical in nature – on topics like philosophy of mathematical practice, the incompleteness theorems and others. Keywords: foundations of mathematics, tame mathematics, clarity-based knowledge, philosophy of mathematical practice, incompleteness theorems "
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Saad Fezea, Ali, i Maki Jafar Mohammed. "Evaluating the Optimal Performance of skirted footing: A review study". BIO Web of Conferences 97 (2024): 00114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20249700114.
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Geotechnical engineers are currently confronted with the challenge of identifying innovative and efficient approaches to increase bearing capacity and minimize foundation settling. As a result, the skirt is regarded as one technique for enhancing the shallow foundation's carrying capability on various soil types. The skirt work mechanism involves the confining of soil beneath the foundation, resulting in a reduction of settling for the foundation. Soil engineers have endeavored to develop this approach as a substitute for pile foundations in normal structures. These foundations exhibit versatility in their applicability, as they may be useful in diverse settings, including marine environments, coastal areas, and arid terrains. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of various research conducted on skirted foundations in different soil conditions. The objective is to assess the increase of bearing capacity and decrease in a settlement achieved via the utilization of skirted foundations. This assessment is based on laboratory testing, field tests, centrifuge models, numerical methods, and theoretical analysis; These investigations are employed to examine the behaviors skirted footing.
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Yan, Kegao, i Oulin Luo. "Can Political Connections Improve Foundation’s Acquisition of Resources?" China Nonprofit Review 8, nr 2 (22.11.2016): 140–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341311.
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By artificially sampling 305 Chinese foundations, the paper conducts an empirical study on how political connections influence foundations’ acquisition of resources. As it turns out, the influence of political connections on foundations’ policy resources is insignificant, and this does not change with the changes of the nature and sector of the foundation and the degree of marketization of the environment it is in. Political connections have significant influence upon donations, particularly those from domestic natural persons – this is particularly true with public-fundraising foundations, public-service foundations and areas where marketization is at a relatively low level. The influence of the extent and depth of political connections on the foundation’s acquisition of resources fails to pass the significance test. The conclusion the study arrives at implies that on the part of the government, policies should not focus on banning Party and government cadres from holding a concurrent post in a foundation, but on how to regulate their acts and prevent them from seeking private gains by taking advantage of its concurrent post of director; and that on the part of the foundation, in the current context, it can seek to establish political connections and increase its capacity of attracting donated resources.
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Goldsworth, John Graham. "Private foundations and the conflict of laws". Trusts & Trustees 25, nr 6 (1.07.2019): 626–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttz011.
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Abstract The straightforward nature of private foundations compared with trusts may not be apparent where a private foundation is formed under one jurisdiction’s laws but administered elsewhere if the lex fori introduces concepts that are unforeseen at the time that the private foundation is entered into. This possibility should be guarded against by an examination both of the private foundation’s constitutional documents and the conflict of law rules of a likely forum to hear disputes.
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Nurfansyah, Nurfansyah, Muhammad Ibnu Saud, Prima Widya Wastuti, Ahmad Qurrata Aini i Nursyarif Agusniansyah. "PERKEMBANGAN PONDASI TIANG KAYU PADA RUMAH TINGGAL DI BANJARMASIN". INFO-TEKNIK 21, nr 2 (7.12.2020): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/infotek.v21i2.10173.
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Banjarese houses are developed especially in the wooden foundation’s construction. In case, this construction had many problems as an unstable foundation that caused building slope, building renovation, vertical development, etc. Pole stick hardwood timbers are needed to strengthen to support the building’s load. Based on this condition, it is necessary to conduct research related to find a model that explained how wooden foundations are modified. This paper's method was to collect field observation data by a photograph. Samples of observation were chosen that show the modification and variation progress of pole stick hardwood and woodpile foundation. Applied modification models were founded, that it were combined the wooden foundations with concrete foundations. It is useful to strengthen the building’s load support. This model was suited to the wetland area.
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Ida Bagus Bayu Brahmantya. "PENGATURAN KEKAYAAN YAYASAN DITINJAU DARI PASAL 6 UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 16 TAHUN 2001 TENTANG YAYASAN". Kerta Dyatmika 21, nr 2 (22.09.2023): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.46650/kd.21.2.1441.48-57.
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Undang-Undang tentang Yayasan keberadaannya hingga saat ini menimbulkan kritik dari berbagai kalangan, karena terdapat beberapa pasal yang dianggap berbeda dengan praktek/pelaksanaan pengelolaan yayasan yang telah berlaku khususnya pada ketentuan Pasal 6 Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2001 tentang Yayasan, yang menyebutkan bahwa “yayasan wajib membayar segala biaya atau ongkos yang dikeluarkan oleh organ yayasan dalam rangka menjalankan tugas yayasan.” Pada pasal tersebut di atas memiliki multi tafsir khususnya pada istilah “biaya dan ongkos”. Perihal pengaturan mengenai tugas organ yayasan telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang tentang Yayasan, sehingga yang perlu diketahui adalah pembayaran biaya dan ongkos seperti apa yang menjadi kewajiban yayasan. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut maka rumusan masalah pada penelitian ini yaitu: bagaimanakah pengaturan kekayaan yayasan berdasarkan Undang-Undang tentang Yayasan dan bagaimanakah kewajiban yayasan membayar segala biaya atau ongkos yang dikeluarkan oleh organ yayasan dalam rangka menjalankan tugas yayasan?
Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum nomratif yakni kekaburan norma pada Pasal 6 Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2001 tentang Yayasan yang dapat mengakibatkan pengelolaan kekayan yayasan tidak sesuai dengan maksud dan tujuan yayasan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 2 (dua) pendekatan yaitu: pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konsep (conseptual approach).
Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pengaturan kekayaan yayasan diatur di dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2001 tentang Yayasan dan perubahannya pada Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2004 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2001 tentang Yayasan, dimana sumber kekayaan yayasan berasal dari pendiri yang dipisahkan, sumbangan, hibah, wakaf, hibah wasiat, dan perolehan lain yang dikelola sesuai dengan kewajiban para pengelola yayasan yaitu pembina, pengurus, dan pengawas didasari atas kewenangannya dan kewajiban yayasan membayar segala biaya atau ongkos yang dikeluarkan oleh organ yayasan dalam rangka menjalankan tugas yayasan diatur pada Pasal 6 Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2001 tentang Yayasan, akan tetapi tidak dijelaskan secara rinci, biaya atau ongkos apakah yang wajib dikeluarkan oleh yayasan kepada organ yayasan dalam rangka menjalankan tugasnya sehingga menimbulkan kekaburan norma (vague norm) yang berakibat pada timbulnya ketidakpastian hukum, mengandung multi tafsir.
The existence of the Law on Foundations has led to criticism from various groups, because there are several articles that are considered different from the practice/implementation of foundation management that has been in force, especially in the provisions of Article 6 of Law Number 16 of 2001 concerning Foundations, which states that " the foundation is obliged to pay all fees or costs incurred by the organs of the foundation in order to carry out the duties of the foundation. The article above has multiple interpretations, especially in the term "costs and expenses". Regarding the arrangements regarding the duties of foundation organs, it has been regulated in the Law on Foundations, so what needs to be known is the payment of fees and what fees are the foundation's obligations. Based on this background, the formulation of the problem in this research is: how is the regulation of foundation assets based on the Law on Foundations and what is the obligation of the foundation to pay all fees or expenses incurred by the organs of the foundation in order to carry out the duties of the foundation?
This type of research is normative legal research, namely the blurring of the norms in Article 6 of Law Number 16 of 2001 concerning Foundations which can result in the management of the foundation's assets not in accordance with the aims and objectives of the foundation. This study uses 2 (two) approaches, namely: the statutory approach (statute approach) and the concept approach (conceptual approach).
The conclusion of this study is that the arrangement of foundation wealth is regulated in Law Number 16 of 2001 concerning Foundations and its amendments to Law Number 28 of 2004 concerning Amendments to Law Number 16 of 2001 concerning Foundations, where the foundation's source of wealth comes from the founder separated, donations, grants, endowments, testamentary grants, and other acquisitions that are managed in accordance with the obligations of the foundation managers, namely the builders, administrators, and supervisors based on their authority and the foundation's obligation to pay all fees or costs incurred by the organs of the foundation in order to carry out their duties Foundations are regulated in Article 6 of Law Number 16 of 2001 concerning Foundations, however, it is not explained in detail what fees or costs are required to be incurred by foundations to foundation organs in order to carry out their duties causing a blurring of norms (vague norms) which results in the emergence of legal uncertainty, contains multiple interpretations.
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Song, Seung-Han, i Sean Seungwon Lee. "Finite Element Steady-State Vibration Analysis Considering Frequency-Dependent Soil-Pile Interaction". Applied Sciences 9, nr 24 (9.12.2019): 5371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9245371.
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The vibration response of equipment foundation structures is not only affected by the structural stiffness and mass, but also greatly influenced by the degree of a soil-foundation structural interaction. Furthermore, the vibratory performance of equipment foundation structures supported by pile systems largely depends on the soil-pile dynamic stiffness and damping, which are variable in nature within the speed range that machines operate at. This paper reviews a method for evaluating effective soil-pile stiffness and damping that can be computed by Novak’s method or by commercial software (DYNA6, University of Western Ontario). A series of Finite Element (FE) time history and steady-state analyses using SAP2000 have been performed to examine the effects of dynamic soil-pile-foundation interaction on the vibration performance of equipment foundations, such as large compressor foundations and steam/gas turbine foundations. Frequency-dependent stiffness is estimated to be higher than frequency-independent stiffness, in general, and, thus, affects the vibration calculation. This paper provides a full-spectrum steady-state vibration solution, which increases the reliability of the foundation’s structural design.
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IANCU, MIHNEA, i FLORIAN RABE. "Formalising foundations of mathematics". Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 21, nr 4 (1.07.2011): 883–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129511000144.
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Over recent decades there has been a trend towards formalised mathematics, and a number of sophisticated systems have been developed both to support the formalisation process and to verify the results mechanically. However, each tool is based on a specific foundation of mathematics, and formalisations in different systems are not necessarily compatible. Therefore, the integration of these foundations has received growing interest. We contribute to this goal by using LF as a foundational framework in which the mathematical foundations themselves can be formalised and therefore also the relations between them. We represent three of the most important foundations – Isabelle/HOL, Mizar and ZFC set theory – as well as relations between them. The relations are formalised in such a way that the framework permits the extraction of translation functions, which are guaranteed to be well defined and sound. Our work provides the starting point for a systematic study of formalised foundations in order to compare, relate and integrate them.
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Pfeffer, Wendy. "Foundations and Foundation Myths of the Troubadours". Magnificat Cultura i Literatura Medievals 6 (8.12.2019): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/mclm.6.14815.
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A review of several origin myths relating to the creation of medieval Occitan lyric poetry. We see a preference for a “great man theory” of origins, though the “great man” may be a fictional woman. Medieval and early Renaissance Occitan authors, including Uc de Saint Circ, Guilhem Molinier, and Jean de Nostredame, used differing origin myths to validate literature in a language that was perceived not to carry the prestige of twelfth- and thirteenth-century Latin or fifteen- and sixteenth-century French.
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Dixon, Michael, Bob Sang i Andy Cowper. "Firmer foundations: the potential of foundation PCTs". British Journal of Healthcare Management 11, nr 11 (listopad 2005): 329–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2005.11.11.329.
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Fan, Meiling, Lunliang Duan, Duoyin Wang, Bolin Zhan i Linhong Shen. "Experimental Study on Mechanical Behavior of Skirt–Pile Foundations in Saturated Clay under Horizontal Load". Applied Sciences 14, nr 8 (16.04.2024): 3345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14083345.
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Skirt–pile foundations have gained widespread attention in the field of offshore engineering due to their ease of installation and high bearing capacity. In this study, the ultimate bearing capacity, pile bending moment distribution and development, cumulative deformation characteristics, and cyclic stiffness development of skirt–pile foundations were investigated using physical model tests. The experimental results indicate that the ultimate bearing capacity and deformation resistance of the foundation can effectively be improved by increasing the skirt diameter. The cumulative deformation of the skirt–piles exhibited rapid development during the initial stages of cyclic loading, eventually stabilizing. Under long-term cyclic loading, the existence of the skirt can share the bending moment, which then affects the internal force distribution of the pile foundation along the axis. The pile foundation’s cyclic stiffness reduces as the loading cycles increase and increases as the skirt diameter and length grow. Meanwhile, the horizontal cyclic stiffness decreases as the number of cycles increases, stabilizing after 3000 cycles. This study can not only deepen the understanding of the deformation laws of skirt–pile foundations in clay soil but also offers some references for the design of offshore pile foundations.
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Zulkarnain, A. "The Essence of Ownership Rights of College Foundation in Social Justice Perspective". Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 23, nr 1 (30.04.2021): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/kanun.v23i1.19054.
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This research is based on the essence of the ownership rights of higher education foundations in the perspective of social justice. By looking at several facts related to ownership rights and institutions and their management. This research method is normative with a philosophical approach, laws, theories/concepts, and cases. The data used are secondary data in the form of primary and secondary legal materials. The results show that ownership rights to tertiary institutions are public/community ownership rights that are responsible for trust, not those of the founders, supervisors, administrators, and supervisors. The ownership rights of this foundation are pseudo or imperfect because it is only limited to the right to use or benefit from the existence of the higher education foundation. The ownership rights of the student community over foundations have implications for the management of foundations and universities with the foundation's obligation to provide academic services and economic assistance for underprivileged students.
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Sularto, Mr. "Kegiatan Yayasan Setelah Berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2001 tentang Yayasan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta". Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada 21, nr 1 (23.02.2012): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jmh.16258.
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This research is meant to examine the foundations activities, especially the ones concerning with the implementation of the adjustment of the foundation’s statutes and their constraints as well as their entries which are in accordance with the aims and purposes of the foundations as written in the statutes. The answers of the problems were taken from the library and field research. The library research was done by perusing primary, secondary, and tertiary law materials with documents as their instruments. The field research was conducted by distributing questionnaire to the staff of the foundations and interviewing Notaries as the resource persons. After the research was done and conclusion was taken, it was founded that; the adjustment of the statutes of foundations has only been implemented by 27% of the respondents. The constraints of the adjustments of statutes of the foundations include the internal constraints, covering: the poor understanding upon the statutes, financial matters, the reluctance of the committee to the adjustments they should make, and the external constraints, which include the incomplete regulations, and the poor support from the involved parties. The foundations which establish Universities and Hospitals, or which hold Art Performing do not comply with Article 3 about foundation; whereas Foundations which run enterprises as indicated by Chapter 3 jo. Chapter 8 of the statutes of the foundations does not exceed 33.33 %.
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Isrok, Mohammad, i Radhityas Kharisma Nuryasinta. "Typology of Strengthening Foundations as Successor to Old Foundations Post Regime Law on Foundations". Indonesia Law Reform Journal 3, nr 1 (12.04.2023): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/ilrej.v3i1.24323.
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After the Law on Foundations was formed, every Foundation that existed before the enactment of the Law was obliged to adjust its Articles of Association with the provisions of the Law on Foundations. If not, there will be legal consequences for foundations that have not made adjustments, or in other words, the foundation will be legally weak and will also have an impact on the assets/wealth of the foundation. The purpose of this study is to find out the legal implications for new foundations that do not comply with the Foundation Law, as well as find out the typology of strengthening foundations to adjust the condition of their assets by the Foundation Law. With the sociological juridical method, it can be concluded that for foundations that do not adjust their statutes by the Law on foundations, especially related to assets, the foundation will have difficulty managing the ownership of its assets, especially for immovable objects. Then there are two typologies of strengthening to adjust the conditions of the AR Foundation by the Foundation Law, namely from the legality side of law and audit reports. Legal legality emphasizes that achieving accountability and transparency can be carried out through non-litigation efforts which include controlling assets, increasing the capacity of Foundation organs, strengthening supervision, and mediation as well as litigation efforts in the form of court suits. While the typology of strengthening in terms of financial reports, foundations need to have routine reporting standards to report their activities and funding to the Foundation Trustees by financial accounting standards. Keywords: Foundation; Strengthening; Typology. Abstrak Pasca Undang – Undang tentang Yayasan terbentuk, setiap Yayasan yang lahir/ ada sebelum UU Yayasan wajib untuk menyesuaikan Anggaran Dasarnya dengan ketentuan UU Yayasan. Jika tidak maka akan ada implikasi hukum terhadap Yayasan yang belum melakukan penyesuaian, atau dengan kata lain Yayasan tersebut lemah secara hukum yang turut berdampak (salah satunya) terhadap asset/kekayaan Yayasan. Penyesuaian yang diwajibkan semata-mata bertujuan untuk memberikan penguatan pada sebuah Yayasan yang masih eksis hingga saat ini. Sedangkan penguatan itu sendiri memiliki karakter tertentu yang pada umumnya akan terakumulasi dan muncul sebagai bentuk kesan maupun citra yang diberikan siapa saja terhadap eksistensi Yayasan. Beranjak dari latar belakang yuridis demikian maka penelitian ini menjadikan Yayasan “AR” sebagai objek penelitian, karena berdasarkan observasi peneliti menemukan adanya problem status asset/ kekayaan Yayasan yang disebabkan oleh kurang optimalnya pengelolaan aset yang harus mengacu kepada UU Yayasan. Problem yang demikian menempatkan posisi Yayasan “AR” lemah secara hukum terhadap kepemilikan asetnya, sehingga melalui penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran objektif mengenai faktor penyebab problem tersebut, dan memberikan solusi mengenai langkah apa saja yang diperlukan untuk memperkuat Yayasan “AR”. Terlebih bahwa Penyesuaian asset/ kekayaan memiliki keterkaitan dengan terbentuknya sebuah klasifikasi penguatan atau yang sering digunakan dengan istilah tipologi penguatan. Guna menjawab permasalahan tersebut, peneliti mengangkat dua buah permasalahan, pertama apa implikasi hukum terhadap Yayasan baru yang tidak menyesuaikan diri dengan UU Yayasan, khususnya terkait asset Lembaga, dan kedua bagaimana tipologi penguatan untuk menyesuaikan kondisi Yayasan baru saat ini dengan ketentuan UU Yayasan. Kata kunci: Penguatan; Tipologi; Yayasan.
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Seregin, Nikolai. "Comparative analysis of the cost of foundations of various types". E3S Web of Conferences 549 (2024): 04016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454904016.
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The article discusses two methods of calculating bases. The loads of the impact of the foundation on the base are analyzed. The task of calculating the foundation is set. The order of accounting of the foundation depending on the type of foundation is considered. The types of foundations are described. The structural and geometric parameters of the foundations are given. The manufacturing technologies of drilling concrete piles and drilling-mixing cement-ground piles are considered in detail. The results of the study of various types of foundations are presented. A comparative comprehensive analysis of the cost of construction of various types of foundations is given. Conclusions on the choice of foundations depending on the properties of the foundations are formulated.
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Grumo, Marco. "An empirical analysis of grant-monitoring systems in corporate foundations: Organizational complexity and monitoring mechanisms around the world". Corporate Ownership and Control 16, nr 1 (2018): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv16i1art9.
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The present research studies the grant-monitoring process in corporate foundations. This process represents a crucial activity because it influences both the effectiveness of grant implementation and the corporate foundation’s reputation. Despite this, specific literature is rare, especially regarding the antecedents of corporate foundations’ efforts in grant monitoring, project complexity, and corporate foundations. This paper is aimed at filling the literature gap by assessing the relationship between the (organizational) complexity of the financed project and the monitoring mechanisms put in place by corporate foundations around the world. The study surveyed 280 projects granted by corporate foundations in the USA and Italy during 2014-2017. The sample included public information on monitoring activities of grantees for ten foundations—four based in Italy and six in the United States. For each corporate foundation (CF), I conducted a specific analysis of websites to collect all public information on monitoring activities published by these foundations (i.e. newsletters, policies and procedures, reports of projects), developing a database of communicational units. Data were analyzed using a hierarchical linear regression analysis, starting from a base model and analyzing the differences in adjusted R-squared. This study reveals that, in corporate foundations, the intensity of grant monitoring depends on project complexity. In particular, in Italy, monitoring depends on the number of involved institutions and, in the USA, on both the number of involved institutions and the number of locations of the project. Further ideas for research about corporate foundations are offered.
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Arbain, Muhammad, i Badrut Tamam. "REORIENTASI KURIKULUM PAI DI MADRASAH: STUDI ANALISIS LANDASAN PENGEMBANGAN KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM". Reflektika 12, nr 1 (26.10.2017): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.28944/reflektika.v13i1.69.
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Islamic religious education curriculum must have a strong foundation in its development process. The foundation plays important role to maintain the curriculum. Therefore, the curriculum developers need to establish a firm foundation in curriculum development used in madrasahs. This paper employs descriptive-analysis method in finding the foundations of the curriculum. Result shows that there are seven basic foundations in developing the curriculum, theological foundation (religion), philosophical foundation, ideological foundation, psychological foundation, sociological foundation, science and technology foundation and organizational foundation. With those foundations, madrasahs now have the firm base to foundation in determining the direction for their institutions and remain upright from the onslaught of globalization. The foundations will at least make madrasahs future-oriented in the development of Islamic civilization both nationally and internationally.
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Jung, Tobias. "Foundations in the U.K.: Organizations and Nations in a State of Flux". American Behavioral Scientist 62, nr 13 (8.05.2018): 1933–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218773450.
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In the absence of a legal foundation form, and with differing national legal contexts, researching U.K. foundations presents major conceptual and practical challenges. This article maps and critically discusses the U.K. foundation landscape; it highlights the blurred boundaries of foundations as an organizational form and outlines the different expressions of charity laws that foundations face across the U.K.’s constituent parts. Examining data on foundation characteristics, the article shows that although data on foundations indicate that the organizational characteristics and activities of U.K. foundations resemble those in Germany and the United States, there remains an urgent need for more, and for more robust, data and insights on U.K. foundations to allow for meaningful comparison. Pointing to increased socio-economic challenges and changes in political perspectives on foundations, the article explores the shifting attitudes towards, and expectations and roles of, U.K. foundations and reflects on the issues ahead.
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Ming, Wang, i Xu Yushan. "Foundations in China". China Nonprofit Review 2, nr 1 (2010): 19–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187650910x12605098378978.
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AbstractFoundations are rooted in public interest; they are built from wealth; they are a form of involvement in the public interest for the wealthy; they represent a systemic arrangement in which society may, through organizing, compel the rich to express their concern for society through public-interest donations to the poor; and they are a legal form in which, in the name of the public interest, wealth can be redistributed and perpetuated. After defining foundations, offering a classification, and discussing foundations’ properties, this article endeavors to examine the historical development of foundations in the West and in China, and analyze the unique characteristics of Chinese foundations and their opportunities going forward. It will proceed to analyze the systemic characteristics of foundations’ property rights, introduce the concept of public-interest property rights, discuss foundation governance structures, analyze the basic principles behind foundation legislation, discuss preferential tax policies and innovations in foundation governance, and, finally, raise several policy recommendations for the expansion and strengthening of China’s foundations. This article represents the author’s effort at a general analytic framework for and basic research theory of foundations, based on empirical research, for the reference of his esteemed colleagues.
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Pidlutskyi, Vasyl. "Investigation of the impact of complex loading on the shallow foundations and the formation of a reactive layer in the soil base". Bases and Foundations, nr 45 (23.12.2022): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/0475-1132.45.2022.55-67.
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The effect of a complex load on the shallow foundations, features of pressure transfer to the base soil, formation of a reactive layer in the soil base, features of determining the dimensions of the sole of square and rectangular foundations, as well as the character of the reinforcement of the foundations and the dependence of the reinforcement of the foundation sole on the stress formed under it were studied . Particular attention is paid to the action of various combinations of complex loads on the foundation, which can lead to separation of the foundation sole and, as a result, to its overturning.
The studies were carried out on the shallow foundations, columnar, made of monolithic reinforced concrete, on which metal columns rest and are fastened with the help of anchor (foundation) bolts. Buildings with a metal frame on such foundations are most often intended for warehouses, production or trade centers, agricultural facilities, service stations and many others.
The effect of additional loads on the foundations during the verification of the accepted sizes of the soles of the foundations is shown. Such additional loads can be: the weight of the foundations, the weight of the soil on the ledges of the foundations, the weight of the backfill under the floor, the weight of the floor structure, the useful load on the floor, the weight of the foundation beam, the weight of the hanging walls, etc.
Under the action of a complex off-center load at different moments of time, as a result of the action of various combinations of loads, under the sole of the foundations there are alternating stresses: average, maximum and minimum, which can lead to separation of the foundation sole. These stresses depend on the accepted dimensions of the foundation sole, and also affect their reinforcement. But the question arises: do the same stresses under the sole of the foundations affect the dimensions of the foundations and the determination of their reinforcement? The paper shows that to check the dimensions of the sole of the foundations, it is necessary to take into account the "standard" stresses under the sole of the foundations, and to determine their reinforcement - completely different stresses. Many scientists and designers are unaware of this fact. Therefore, incorrect consideration of the stresses under the sole of the foundations precisely to determine their reinforcement can lead to incorrect results, which will affect the reliability and cost of the foundations of the above buildings.
The work presents methods of constructing foundations of shallow laying under the action of an off-center load with the aim of absorbing it.
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Braut Filipović, Mihaela. "ZAKLADA KAO (VEĆINSKI) ČLAN TRGOVAČKOG DRUŠTVA". Pravni vjesnik 36, nr 3-4 (2020): 247–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/pv/9561.
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There is a new phenomenon in corporate governance of companies – foundations as shareholders. Foundations are traditionally held as legal entities which strive to accomplish a public or charitable purpose. However, modern practice highlights foundations which control companies (foundation-owned companies) or invest in them, thus becoming shareholders. Denmark, the Netherlands, Germany and many other countries both in the European Union and outside are a home to big successful companies under the control of foundations. In this new form of corporate governance, relation between management of foundations and companies becomes crucial, especially the extent to which a foundation is actively involved in operating the company, and possible overlapping between managers of the foundation and the company. The goal of this article is to analyze corporate governance of companies which have foundations as their major or minority members/shareholders. This article shall also research into the Croatian foundations and their involvement in companies. The research is based on the publicly available data on portfolio of foundations, which shows if Croatian foundations invest in companies, and thus act as shareholders. This article contributes to the discussion on the importance of foundations in economic development of countries through both corporate and charitable activism.
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Safaryan, Vage S. "FREESTANDING FOUNDATION WITH STEPPED BASE. RESULTS OF A FULL-SCALE EXPERIMENT". Architecture, Construction, Transport, nr 4(106) (2023): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/2782-232x-2023-4-17-25.
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Despite the large number of existing solutions, the issue of optimizing the structure of freestanding shallow foundations is still relevant because of poorly studying. The object of the study is foundations with stepped base. To confirm the efficiency of these foundations, we conducted three different experiments: digital modelling, laboratory tests and full-scale experiment. First, the foundations were compared in terms of absolute settlement. In each of the experiments, the foundation with a stepped base was more efficient than its flat-base analogue (by about 30 %). During the full-scale experiment, at a final pressure under the foundation base of 18 t/m2, the foundation with flat base settled by 70.67 mm, while the foundation with stepped base settled by 49.32 mm. The experiment confirmed the results of the previous experiments: the foundation with a stepped base showed a substantially smaller settlement than the flat base analogue. In future studies, we plan to investigate the operation of strip foundations with stepped base in more detail, to determine the internal forces appearing in the body of the foundations, and to define the need of reinforcement for foundations with stepped base.
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Schurz, Gerhard. "Optimality justifications: new foundations for foundation-oriented epistemology". Synthese 195, nr 9 (14.03.2017): 3877–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-017-1363-6.
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DAVE, JIGAR L. "Foundations of Education". Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 3, nr 4 (15.01.2012): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/apr2014/24.
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Rosenbaugh, Scott K., Jennifer D. Schmidt i Ronald K. Faller. "Development of Socketed Foundatio for Cable Guardrail Posts". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2521, nr 1 (styczeń 2015): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2521-14.
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This study developed socketed foundations for two cable guardrail posts, the S3×5.7 and the Midwest weak post (MWP). The design efforts focused on developing cylindrical, reinforced concrete foundations with a steel tube embedded in the top center to create a socket. Foundations were designed to minimize damage and limit foundation displacements to less than 1 in. Satisfying these criteria ensured that damaged barrier posts could be replaced without the need for repairing or resetting the foundation. The foundations were evaluated for three soil types (weak soil, strong soil, and an asphalt mow strip) to gain an understanding of the link between soil conditions and foundation performance. Fourteen dynamic component tests were conducted on socketed foundation designs. Three socketed foundation options were developed for use with S3×5.7 posts: a 12-in.-diameter foundation in soil, a 15-in.-diameter foundation in soil, and a 12-in.-diameter foundation in asphalt. The S3×5.7 post foundations in soil with 12-in.-diameter sockets were found to be susceptible to concrete shear cracking and fracture, but they remain an option for those who can accept the risks of minor damage during severe impacts. The 15-in.-diameter foundations and those placed in asphalt had no indication of damage. Further, the reduced strength of MWPs resulted in no visible damage to 12-in.-diameter foundations. Guidelines based on site soil conditions and frost line depth were developed for the embedment depth of each foundation–post combination required for resistance to excessive displacements.
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Samorodov, O., O. Krotov, V. Mitinskiy i I. Khrapatova. "A STRIP FOUNDATION WITH A LONGITUDINAL CUT-OUT IN THE BOTTOM OF A MASSIVE RETAINING WALL". Mechanics And Mathematical Methods 5, nr 1 (30.06.2023): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2618-0650-2023-5-1-33-43.
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The paper analyzes the designs of traditional strip foundations with a flat bottom, the load from which causes the plane strain stress state of the soil base, and other variations of conventionally strip (continuous) foundations, which due to their shape (configuration) of the contact area with the base change its stress state, which enables designing more sustainable foundations for continuous buildings and structures. Proceeding from the solutions to the mixed problem of the theory of elasticity and plasticity using the Mohr-Coulomb criterion strength criterion, analytical studies of the development of plastic zones in the base of a strip foundation with a longitudinal cut-out have been conducted, which show that the limit state always occurs first in the foundation’s edge zones, that is, underneath the outer edges of the foundation. It is also noted, however, that the design resistance of soil decreases when there is no additional load in the area of the cut-out; therefore, a patented design has been proposed of a strip foundation with a longitudinal cut-out in the bottom, where the cut-out with the height is filled with low-modulus material to improve the design resistance of soil. Based on experimental and theoretical studies, methods have been proposed for calculating the soil base (design resistance , settlement and inclination ) for a strip foundation of a massive retaining wall with a longitudinal cut-out in the bottom. A real example shows that the total width of the strip foundation with a cut-out is shorter by 1.5 m in comparison with the continuous shape of the bottom of the foundation, which has a significant economic effect on every linear meter of the wall foundation. Overall, the proposed methods make it possible to reasonably design effective eccentrically loaded foundations with cut-outs in the bottom and to improve the permissible vertical pressure on the base in comparison with a continuous bottom, all other things being equal. Keywords: strip foundation, massive retaining wall, eccentricity, bottom, cut-out, soil base, calculation procedure.
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Xiao, Zhong, Yan Wang, Ying Liu, Yinghui Tian, Rong Wang, Ran Tao i Xian Wei. "Formulas for Uniaxial Capacities of Tetrapod Bucket Foundations Considering Group Effects in Undrained Clay". Applied Sciences 12, nr 11 (25.05.2022): 5353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115353.
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Suction bucket foundation is a novel and cheaper foundation used in marine structures, such as offshore wind turbines, breakwater and oil platforms. Compared with a single bucket foundation, tetrapod bucket foundations can bear larger loads because of the group effects. However, the vertical, horizontal and moment capacity factors of tetrapod bucket foundations have not been presented in existing specifications. A series of three-dimensional finite-element analyses were conducted to investigate the group effects on uniaxial capacities and failure mechanisms of tetrapod bucket foundations in undrained clay considering various foundation separation distance ratios, embedment depth ratios, soil-strength heterogeneity indices and load direction angles. Generalized formulas for undrained uniaxial capacities of tetrapod bucket foundations were proposed in order to establish a bridge connecting the capacities of tetrapod bucket foundations and those of the single bucket foundation, which can provide a reference for industrial designs of capacities of tetrapod bucket foundations. The results show that the vertical group effect factor of tetrapod bucket foundations is basically not affected by the foundation separation distance ratio, embedment depth ratio, soil-strength heterogeneity index and load direction angle, which can adopted 0.9 based on a conservative estimation. The normalized horizontal and moment group effect factors of tetrapod bucket foundations are both affected by the separation distance ratio, embedment depth ratio and soil-strength heterogeneity index, but the moment group effect factor is also obviously affected by the load direction angle. The value of the horizontal and moment capacity factors of tetrapod bucket foundations are about 2.3 and 13.8 times that of a single bucket foundation, respectively, when the separation distance ratio is 3.5, embedment depth ratio is 1.0 and soil-strength heterogeneity index is 10, which have both been significantly enhanced. A value of 3.5 is suggested for the separation distance ratio to attain good capacities and a relatively high global stiffness for the tetrapod bucket foundations.
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Ziolkowski, Patryk, Sebastian Demczynski i Maciej Niedostatkiewicz. "Assessment of Failure Occurrence Rate for Concrete Machine Foundations Used in Gas and Oil Industry by Machine Learning". Applied Sciences 9, nr 16 (9.08.2019): 3267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9163267.
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Concrete machine foundations are structures that transfer loads from machines in operation to the ground. The design of such foundations requires a careful analysis of the static and dynamic effects caused by machine exploitation. There are also other substantial differences between ordinary concrete foundations and machine foundations, of which the main one is that machine foundations are separated from the building structure. Appropriate quality and the preservation of operational parameters of machine foundations are essential, especially in the gas and oil industry, where every disruption in the technological process is costly. First and foremost, there are direct repair costs from damage to foundations, but there are also indirect costs associated with blockages of the production process. Foundation repairs can temporarily shut down a given part of the refining process from operation. Thanks to cooperation from our partner, we obtained data from 510 concrete machine foundations from a refinery. Our database included many parameters, such as concrete cover thickness, machine gravity center distortion, the angular frequency of vertical self-excited vibrations, the angular frequency of horizontal self-excited vibrations, amplitudes of oscillation, foundation area, foundation volume, and information on occurring failures. Concrete machine foundation failure is not yet fully understood. In our study, we assessed what affects the failure occurrence rate of concrete machine foundations and to what extent. We wanted to find out whether there are correlations between the foundation failure occurrence rate and the mentioned parameters. To achieve this goal, we utilized state-of-the-art machine learning techniques.
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Wang, Bin, Tianqing Qin, Changfeng Yuan, Liang Li, Minghui Yuan i Ying Li. "Analysis of Bearing Performance of Monopile and Single Suction Bucket Foundation for Offshore Wind Power under Horizontal Load". Geofluids 2022 (8.06.2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4163240.
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In conjunction with the geological conditions of the East China Sea, the bearing performance of monopile and single-suction bucket foundations is compared and analyzed in shallow and deep-sea conditions under static horizontal loads. Furthermore, the statistical data of wind and wave from 2010 to 2020 in the East China Sea were tabulated into amplitude curves applied to the two foundations in the form of dynamic loads, and the bearing performances of the two foundations under dynamic loads were analyzed. The results show that the typical suction bucket foundation for a wind turbine currently designed in the shallow sea is destabilized under static horizontal loads, while the pile foundation is more stable; both foundations are stable in the deep-sea area. However, the suction bucket foundation displacement is less than the pile foundation. Under dynamic loading, the maximum displacement of monopile in the shallow sea was 127 mm. The maximum displacement of the suction bucket foundation was 434 mm, and the foundation was unstable. Both foundations are stable in deep-sea conditions, and the maximum displacement of the pile foundation is 1.4 times the maximum displacement of the suction bucket. Considering the difficulty construction in the deep sea, it is recommended to use suction bucket foundations.
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Zulkarnain, A. "Responsibility of Foundation Organs As a Result of Unlawful Acts in The Organization of Higher Education Foundations". Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities 4, nr 4 (29.05.2024): 579–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v4i4.393.
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This research focuses on the Responsibilities of Foundation Organs as a Result of Unlawful Actions in the Implementation of Higher Education Foundations. The research method used is Normative Juridical with a statutory, theory/concept, case approach, which is related to the implementation of higher education foundations. Then the data used is secondary data in the form of primary and secondary legal materials. The results of this research show that a form of unlawful action by foundation organs related to the management of Higher Education Foundations is accepting the distribution or transfer of foundation assets as intended in Article 70 paragraphs (1) and (2) UUY No. 16 of 2001 which has been amended by Law. No. 28 of 2004, embezzling money from foundation assets as regulated in Article 372 of the Criminal Code, making agreements with organizations or other parties affiliated with the founder or other foundation organs without the approval of the Trustees the foundation, deviated from its duties and authority as a foundation organ, as regulated in the UUY and in the foundation's AD/ART. Actions against the law by foundation organs harm the foundation and related third parties. As for The responsibilities of Foundation Organs related to unlawful acts in the management of the foundation are criminal responsibility in the form of imprisonment and/or/ fines, and civil responsibility in the form of compensation both individually and jointly, as well as administrative responsibility in the form of reprimand sanctions up to dismissal from position as a foundation organ. It is recommended not to establish a higher education foundation if the founder or foundation organ wants to seek personal or group profit because it conflicts with the aims and objectives of the foundation. Suitable means for seeking personal or group profits are through Limited Liability Companies (PT), Firms, Trading Businesses (UD) and the like.
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Dębińska-Domagała, Katarzyna. "Reforma prawa fundacyjnego w poglądach Henryka Ciocha". Przegląd Sejmowy 4(165) (2021): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31268/ps.2021.52.
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Among the rich and diverse scientific activities conducted by Henryk Cioch, foundation law occupies a special place. This subject matter became the focus of the Professor’s interest since the Law on Foundations came into force. A characteristic feature of his work was a critical and innovative approach to statutory provisions regulating the functioning of the foundation. The whole scientific output of Henryk Cioch allows us to conclude that he postulated the need for a reform of foundation law. The purpose of this article is to analyse the views expressed by Henryk Cioch on the necessity to make the necessary amendments to the existing text of the Law on Foundations. It is, first of all, an indication of those de lege ferenda postulates put forward by the Professor, which have been included either in the hitherto amendments to the Law on Foundations or reflected in the case-law. The analysis contained in this article will focus on the key problems of foundation law, which according to Henryk Cioch were: the concept and types of foundations, the establishment of foundations, the system of foundations and supervision over their activities, transformation and abolition of foundations.
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Xiao, Jiandong, Xiaoqiang Gu, Yifeng Lin, Haifeng Cheng, Xin Qi, Puyang Zhang i Shuyang Wang. "Penetration Characteristics of Mono-Column Composite Bucket Foundation for Offshore Wind Turbines". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, nr 6 (28.05.2024): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060897.
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To address the issue of seepage and soil plugging during the sinking of mono-column composite bucket foundations (MCCBFs), experiments were conducted on the installation of foundations under a variety of complex geological conditions. The effect of negative pressure sinking mode on the foundation’s seepage field was analyzed, the formation mechanism of soil plugging in sand was explained, and an efficient method for calculating the height of soil plugging was proposed in conjunction with these investigations. The findings demonstrate that the finite element method simulation of the soil’s seepage field is the most accurate, that the pumping volume of the foundation during sinking through is high, that the formation of the soil plug height is high, and that clear depressions can be seen on the foundation manifold’s exterior. The equation presented in this study makes it easier to forecast the height of a foundation plug and can offer direction for engineering design.
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Brody, Deborah, i Carol Strauch. "Who Are the Family Foundations' Findings from the Foundation Management Survey". Family Business Review 3, nr 4 (grudzień 1990): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1990.00337.x.
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The Council on Foundations surveys American foundations biennially about their staff, policies, and operations. This report presents the data from the 1990 survey, focusing on the 39 percent of the sample that have been defined as family foundations. The analysis finds that family foundations differ from the general population of foundations in average size, board composition, limits on board service, and work demands on staff and trustees. The authors suggest questions for further research.
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Liu, Chun Yuan, Man Li i Yu Liu. "Deformational Influence of Foundation Pit on Foundations of Style Constructions". Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (marzec 2013): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.353.
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This paper analyzes the foundation excavation influence on construction foundations. The whole process of typical foundation excavation is simulated with the large-scale software-ABAQUS. The outer soil settlement is systematically analyzed. The incline value of masonry structure foundations is 0.00091m, which is less than 0.002m in the standard. It meets the requirements. So the deformational influence of the foundation pit on f construction foundations can be ignored.
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Elson, Peter R., Jean-Marc Fontan, Sylvain Lefèvre i James Stauch. "Foundations in Canada: A Comparative Perspective". American Behavioral Scientist 62, nr 13 (20.05.2018): 1777–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218775803.
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From a Canadian perspective, this article provides a comparative historical and contemporary overview of foundations in Canada, in relation to the United States and Germany. For the purposes of this analysis, the study was limited to public or private foundations in Canada, as defined by the Income Tax Act. As the Canadian foundation milieu straddles the welfare partnership model that characterizes German civil society and the Anglo-Saxon model of the United States, Canadian foundations as a whole have much in common with the foundation sector in both countries. Similarities include the number of foundations per capita, a similar range in size and influence, a comparable diversity of foundation types, and an explosion in the number of foundations in recent decades (although the United States has a much longer history of large foundations making high-impact interventions). This analysis also highlights some key differences among larger foundations in the three jurisdictions: German foundations are generally more apt to have a change-orientation and are more vigorous in their disbursement of income and assets. U.S. foundations are more likely to play a welfare-replacement role in lieu of inaction by the state. Canadian foundations play a complementary role, particularly in the areas of education and research, health, and social services. At the same time, there is a segment of Canadian foundations that are fostering innovation, social and policy change, and are embarking on meaningful partnerships and acts of reconciliation with Indigenous Peoples in Canada.
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Tsementzis, Dimitris. "Univalent foundations as structuralist foundations". Synthese 194, nr 9 (19.05.2016): 3583–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-016-1109-x.
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Blashchuk, Natalia V., Irina V. Majewskа, Oleksandr YU Shmundyak i Mykhailo V. Perebyinis. "THE DIFFERENCE IN THE OPERATION OF DRILLED AND DRIVEN PILES IN THE COMPOSITION OF A TAPE PILE FOUNDATION". Modern technology, materials and design in construction 35, nr 2 (29.12.2023): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/2311-1429-2023-2-89-97.
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A comparative analysis of the results of the mathematical modeling of the strip pile foundation from driven and bored piles with one-row and two-row arrangement of piles with different longitudinal steps and different lengths in different types of soil was performed.
It was established that the degree of implementation of the load-bearing capacity of piles and grids as part of a strip pile foundation depends not only on the relative length and pitch of the piles, but also on the method of their arrangement. Taking into account the actual operation of piles and grids as part of the pile foundation allows to increase the load-bearing capacity of the pile foundation as a whole and, accordingly, to save material and labor resources during construction work.
Based on the results of the study, the difference in the operation of drilled and driven piles in the strip pile foundation was established. The load-bearing capacity of a low grid as part of a strip pile foundation on bored piles is 1.5-2 times greater than in pile foundations made of driven piles. The degree of implementation of the load-bearing capacity of the pile as part of the pile foundation is significantly greater for foundations made of drilled piles compared to foundations made of driven piles. For foundations made of driven piles, at step 3d - 6d, the piles in the strip do not fully realize their load-bearing capacity. Drill pile groups increase their load-bearing capacity by working in a group, even with a minimum pitch.
Since pile foundations from drilled piles significantly increase their bearing capacity due to the joint work of their elements under load in comparison with pile foundations from driven piles, taking into account this joint work, pile foundations from drilled piles become competitive with similar foundations from driven piles.
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ZAIKIN, D. P. "CIVIL LAW STATUS OF BENEFICIARIES OF A PRIVATE BENEFIT FOUNDATION". Civil Law Review 21, nr 5 (20.12.2021): 7–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24031/1992-2043-2021-21-5-7-85.
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This paper examines the civil law status of the beneficiaries of a foundation (Stiftung) subject to private benefit purposes. It concerns the reasons and impact of conservative and instrumental approaches to the permissible purposes of the foundation, the classification criterion of private benefit foundations (privatnützige Stiftungen) and public benefit foundations (gemeinnützige Stiftungen), the limits to which the Germanic countries tolerate with establishment of the private benefit foundations and then defines the civil law status of the beneficiaries from the perspective of their claims to the foundation and participation in the foundation management, control and protection. As a result of the research the ways to mitigate the risks, that private foundations can create for the participants in civil law relations, are proposed in the light of the legal nature of the foundation.
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DEMİRCİ, Hasan Emre. "Geotechnical Preliminary Design of Onshore Wind Turbine Foundations". Erzincan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 16, nr 3 (25.12.2023): 756–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.1306867.
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A simplified geotechnical design procedure for foundations of onshore wind turbines is often beneficial because it can provide the types and sizes of foundations required to perform financial feasibility analysis of a project, and can also be used for preliminary design. This study presents a simplified method for designing onshore gravity-based foundations based on limited required data, namely, loads acting on foundations, data provided by manufacturers, and soil properties. The detailed design issues that may be essential for the final design are also discussed. A flowchart of the design process is also presented to visualize the geotechnical design of such foundations. The required calculation procedures can be easily carried out either through a series of spreadsheets or simple hand calculations. An example problem explaining the design of onshore wind turbine foundations was presented to demonstrate the proposed calculation procedure. The data used for the calculations were obtained from the literature. The proposed flowchart provides a quick way for the preliminary design of foundations of onshore wind turbine foundations. The foundation system obtained from the preliminary geotechnical design was numerically modeled using Plaxis 3D software. The global stability of the foundation system under Ultimate Limit State (ULS) loads and soil pressure developed under the foundation were calculated. The soil pressure beneath the foundation under Serviceability Limit States (SLS) loads and the total settlement and rotation of the foundation were calculated. The results obtained from the Plaxis 3D software and those obtained from the preliminary design were in agreement.
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Minefee, Ishva, Eric J. Neuman, Noah Isserman i Huseyin Leblebici. "Corporate foundations and their governance". Annals in Social Responsibility 1, nr 1 (8.06.2015): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/asr-12-2014-0005.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the governance structures of corporate foundations in the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. Design/methodology/approach – After discussing the heretofore-underutilized research advantages of corporate foundations, the authors survey theoretical perspectives to explain the corporate foundation phenomenon. The authors build on this theory to construct a typology of corporate foundation structures based on their interactions with internal and external stakeholders. Findings – The findings suggest that many of the largest corporations do not embed their corporate foundation into their strategic plan as they define it (i.e. specific alignment with corporate competency). Research limitations/implications – Research limitations include an examination solely of the 50 largest corporate foundations among a field of nearly 3,000 corporate foundations. The authors advance a research agenda that addresses the potential role of corporate foundations in fulfilling CSR. Practical implications – The foundation field may see a movement toward corporate foundations being strategically aligned with the parent company’s core competence as external stakeholders continue to pressure companies. Social implications – Studying corporate foundations is important as they serve as intermediaries between corporations and civil society. Thus, they will continue to play an important role in the CSR agenda. Originality/value – This paper is one of the first to examine the corporate foundation phenomenon, with a specific focus on their governance. Thus, the authors go beyond the motivations that lead corporations to be involved in “socially responsible activities,” the types of activities that corporations select, and how these choices produce benefits for a diverse set of stakeholders.