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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Forest remnants"
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López-Mendoza, Alejandro, Ken Oyama, Fernando Pineda-García i Rafael Aguilar-Romero. "Defining Conservation Priorities for Oak Forests in Central Mexico Based on Networks of Connectivity". Forests 13, nr 7 (10.07.2022): 1085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13071085.
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Connectivity is a landscape property that promotes gene flow between organisms located in different patches of habitat and provides a way to reduce habitat loss by maintaining flux of organisms through the landscape; it is an important factor for conservation decisions. In this study, we evaluated the structural and functional connectivity among 510 oak forest remnants in a basin in central Mexico by modeling the potential distribution of seven oak species that inhabit in it. The structural and functional connectivity of oak forest remnants was estimated by graph theory. Distribution models for all the oak species had a good level of predictability, showing that 53.16% of the basin is suitable for oaks. The importance for connectivity varied between the remnant forests. Large forest fragments had the highest values of connectivity, and small forest fragments acted as steppingstones favoring the movement of organisms among fragments. In the southern region of the basin, connected remnant forests had conformed to a large network, but in the northern region, the remnant forests were mostly isolated. Conservation of oak forests in this basin requires protection for remaining patches by preserving both large and small ones and restoring biological corridors to reduce the isolation of forest fragments.
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Rodríguez-Mendoza, Clara, i Eduardo Pineda. "Importance of riparian remnants for frog species diversity in a highly fragmented rainforest". Biology Letters 6, nr 6 (16.06.2010): 781–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0334.
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Tropical forests undergo continuous transformation to other land uses, resulting in landscapes typified by forest fragments surrounded by anthropogenic habitats. Small forest fragments, specifically strip-shaped remnants flanking streams (referred to as riparian remnants), can be particularly important for the maintenance and conservation of biodiversity within highly fragmented forests. We compared frog species diversity between riparian remnants, other forest fragments and cattle pastures in a tropical landscape in Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. We found similar species richness in the three habitats studied and a similar assemblage structure between riparian remnants and forest fragments, although species composition differed by 50 per cent. Frog abundance was halved in riparian remnants compared with forest fragments, but was twice that found in pastures. Our results suggest that riparian remnants play an important role in maintaining a portion of frog species diversity in a highly fragmented forest, particularly during environmentally stressful (hot and dry) periods. In this regard, however, the role of riparian remnants is complementary, rather than substitutive, with respect to the function of other forest fragments within the fragmented forest.
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Benedick, Suzan, Thomas A. White, Jeremy B. Searle, Keith C. Hamer, Nazirah Mustaffa, Chey Vun Khen, Maryati Mohamed, Menno Schilthuizen i Jane K. Hill. "Impacts of habitat fragmentation on genetic diversity in a tropical forest butterfly on Borneo". Journal of Tropical Ecology 23, nr 6 (29.10.2007): 623–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467407004543.
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Many areas of rain forest now exist as habitat fragments, and understanding the impacts of fragmentation is important for determining the viability of populations within forest remnants. We investigated impacts of forest fragmentation on genetic diversity in the butterfly Mycalesis orseis (Satyrinae) in Sabah (Malaysian Borneo). We investigated mtDNA diversity in 90 individuals from ten forest sites typical of the sizes of forest remnants that currently exist in the region. Nucleotide diversity declined with increasing isolation of remnants, but there was no effect of remnant size or population size, and haplotype diversity was similar among sites. Thus, approximately 50 y after forest fragmentation, few changes in genetic diversity were apparent and remnants apparently supported genetically viable populations of this butterfly. Many studies have shown that responses of species to habitat fragmentation usually follow a time delay, and so we developed a Monte Carlo simulation model to investigate changes in genetic diversity over time in small remnants. Model output indicated a substantial time delay (> 100 y) between fragmentation and genetic erosion, suggesting that, in the smallest study remnants, an increased risk of extinction from reduced genetic diversity is likely in the longer term.
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Grover, DR, i PJ Slater. "Conservation Value to Birds of Remnants of Melaleuca Forest in Suburban Brisbane." Wildlife Research 21, nr 4 (1994): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9940433.
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The bird species composition of nine remnants of Melaleuca quinquenervia forest in NE Brisbane, Queensland, was censused from March 1992 to March 1993 to investigate the effect of forest fragmentation and fragment characteristics. Remnant area was a correlated with the total number of bird species and the number of raptors occurring, while understorey vegetation density was related to the number of forest and understorey bird species. The species composition of the M. quinquenervia remnants was compared with that of the Cooloola National Park and with that of eucalypt [Eucalyptus] remnants in lowland SE Queensland. Even the small M. quinquenervia remnants around Brisbane play an important role in conserving the avian fauna of the region by providing habitat and refuges for migrant, nesting, locally rate and uncommon species, and species not commonly found in other forest types. Future recommended management involves the maintenance of size, habitat diversity and understorey vegetation density, the prevention of disturbance and the preservation of swampy areas and ponds.
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Tabarelli, Marcelo, Bráulio Almeida Santos, Victor Arroyo-Rodríguez i Felipe Pimentel Lopes De Melo. "Secondary forests as biodiversity repositories in human-modified landscapes: insights from the Neotropics". Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi - Ciências Naturais 7, nr 3 (8.03.2021): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v7i3.593.
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In this essay we examine some of the processes affecting the composition and structure of tree species assemblages and, consequently, what we can expect from secondary-forest stands as an element of human-modified landscapes and as an opportunity for biodiversity persistence in this ecological context. Based on the available information, it is reasonable to predict that in some landscapes or biotas: (1) small forest remnants degenerate and support plant assemblages with attributes similar to those observed in early and intermediate-aged regenerating stands, while secondary-forest stands move from initial to more advanced successional stages; (2) collectively, remnant/stand attributes and landscape integrity define the pace through which degeneration proceeds, but also the potential for regeneration; (3) at the landscape spatial scale, remnants and stands tend to converge in terms of structure, but also in terms of taxonomic and functional composition. In other words, remnants degenerate and secondary-forest stands regenerate toward a sort of ‘climax community’, which is conditioned by the physical and biological integrity of both patch and landscape. Considering secondary forests in the conceptual, ecological and spatial framework of human-modified landscapes may help us to understand and maximize the conservation services provided by this habitat as it proliferates through human-modified landscapes.
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Lippert, Henry, Ingo Kowarik i Tanja M. Straka. "People’s Attitudes and Emotions towards Different Urban Forest Types in the Berlin Region, Germany". Land 11, nr 5 (7.05.2022): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11050701.
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In an era of urbanization, forests are a key component of the urban green infrastructure, providing multiple benefits to urban residents. While emerging forests on urban wasteland could increase the urban forest area, it is unclear how residents view such novel forest types. In a comparative self-administered online survey, we assessed attitudes and emotions of residents (n = 299) from the Berlin region, Germany, towards forest types that represent transformation stages from natural to novel forests: (1) natural remnants, (2) silvicultural plantings, (3) park forests and (4) novel wild forests in wastelands. Respondents expressed positive attitudes and emotions towards all forest types, including the novel wild forest. Ratings were most positive towards natural remnants and least positive towards the novel wild forest. The indicated prevalence of non-native trees (Ailanthus altissima, Robinia pseudoacacia) did not evoke negative responses. Women and younger people were more positive towards the novel wild forest compared to other respondents, and men were most positive towards natural remnants. Place attachment was positively related to the park forest. Results indicate support for a wide range of forest types, including novel wild forests and non-native tree species, which can be used to expand urban forest areas and enhance opportunities for nature experience in cities.
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Anjos, Luiz dos. "Species richness and relative abundance of birds in natural and anthropogenic fragments of Brazilian Atlantic forest". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 76, nr 2 (czerwiec 2004): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652004000200036.
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Bird communities were studied in two types of fragmented habitat of Atlantic forest in the State of Paraná, southern Brazil; one consisted of forest fragments that were created as a result of human activities (forest remnants), the other consisted of a set of naturally occurring forest fragments (forest patches). Using quantitative data obtained by the point counts method in 3 forest patches and 3 forest remnants during one year, species richness and relative abundance were compared in those habitats, considering species groups according to their general feeding habits. Insectivores, omnivores, and frugivores presented similar general tendencies in both habitats (decrease of species number with decreasing size and increasing isolation of forest fragment). However, these tendencies were different, when considering the relative abundance data: the trunk insectivores presented the highest value in the smallest patch while the lowest relative abundance was in the smallest remnant. In the naturally fragmented landscape, time permitted that the loss of some species of trunk insectivores be compensated for the increase in abundance of other species. In contrast, the remnants essentially represented newly formed islands that are not yet at equilibrium and where future species losses would make them similar to the patches.
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Silva, Marina, Leslie A. Hartling, Sarah A. Field i Kevin Teather. "The effects of habitat fragmentation on amphibian species richness of Prince Edward Island". Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, nr 4 (1.04.2003): 563–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-038.
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We surveyed 11 forest remnants and their adjacent ponds to assess the species richness of amphibians on Prince Edward Island, Canada. By combining aquatic and terrestrial sampling methods, we detected the presence of four urodeles and five anurans in our study sites. No significant difference in species richness was found between the sites located in Prince Edward Island National Park (n = 6) and those outside the park (n = 5). The most frequently captured species in forest remnants were blue-spotted salamanders (Ambystoma laterale) and American toads (Bufo americanus) with 35.1 and 29.8% of the captures, respectively. In ponds, the most abundant and widespread species was the green frog (Rana clamitans). Red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) were captured in one site only. Species richness was not significantly associated with either forest remnant area or perimeter length. There was a significant nonlinear relationship between amphibian abundance and the perimeter length of forest remnants. Although our findings suggest paucity in species composition of amphibian communities, we did not find evidence suggesting that amphibians have declined during the last 30 years on Prince Edward Island.
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De Oliveira, José Guilherme Dias, Luiz Fernando Duarte De Moraes, Tânia Sampaio Pereira i Geraldo Alves Damasceno Junior. "Advance of Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R.D. Webster (Poaceae) on remaining native forest in the Serra da BODOQUENA NATIONAL PARK". Biodiversidade Brasileira - BioBrasil, nr 2 (12.08.2020): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37002/biobrasil.v10i2.1481.
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The replacement of native forest by exotic grasses for pasture formation is a process that involves habitat destruction followed by the introduction of invasive alien species. The Serra da Bodoquena National Park covers an area of 77,021.58ha, comprising natural forests and remnants of abandoned pastures, which represent a threat to local biodiversity conservation. This study analyzed the dynamics of Urochloa decumbens–dominated matrix on remnants of native Deciduous Seasonal Forest within the Park, over 35 years, using satellite images, evaluating natural regeneration trend. The Urochloa matrix covers 1,268.9 (36.9%) of the 3,434.50 hectares study area. Our results indicate that the Urochloa matrix expanded over the native forest remnants, likely due to the occurrence of fire close to the forest edges, which may help natural regeneration failing. 8 months after a fire in 2013, the area of the grass-dominates matrix was found to replace 203.1 hectares over the forest. In this context, restoration actions are demanded, especially those that target fire control.
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Nagel, Thomas A., Jurij Diaci, Dusan Rozenbergar, Tihomir Rugani i Dejan Firm. "Old-growth forest reserves in Slovenia: the past, present, and future". Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 163, nr 6 (1.06.2012): 240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2012.0240.
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Old-growth forest reserves in Slovenia: the past, present, and future Slovenia has a small number of old-growth forest remnants, as well as many forest reserves approaching old-growth conditions. In this paper, we describe some of the basic characteristics of these old-growth remnants and the history of their protection in Slovenia. We then trace the long-term development of research in these old-growth remnants, with a focus on methodological changes. We also review some of the recent findings from old-growth research in Slovenia and discuss future research needs. The conceptual understanding of how these forests work has slowly evolved, from thinking of them in terms of stable systems to more dynamic and unpredictable ones due to the influence of natural disturbances and indirect human influences. In accordance with this thinking, the methods used to study old-growth forests have changed from descriptions of stand structure to studies that address natural processes and ecosystem functions.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Forest remnants"
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Masson, Peta Helen. "The dynamics of the Afromontane forest remnants in the Southwestern Cape". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21852.
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This thesis identifies the major forest types present in the southwestern Cape and investigates the floristic and structural changes in vegetation composition across the indigenous forest ecotone. The dynamics of forest-fynbos boundaries of differing post-fire age are compared and patterns of vegetation change from forest to fynbos are related to environmental constraints and disturbance history. Riparian forest and Scree forest were identified, and differences in the structure a.nd composition of the two forest types and their ecotonal communities were evident at both the recently burnt site of Swartboskloof and the fire-protected catchment of Orange · Kloof. Soil moisture, soil depth and the amount of rock cover were. key factors influencing the dynamics of the forest-fynbos ecdtone, with fbrest composition and the consequent availability of seed also important. The analysis of post-fire regeneration strategies indicated that seedling production and coppice growth were best represented in the igirnediate post-fire condition, thus supporting the initial floristic composition (IFC) hypothesis. This implies that coppice production is an immediate, reactionary mode of regeneration following disturbance, and that most seedling establishment and subsequent growth of saplings occurs soon after the disturbance event. The absence of seedlings in scree fynbos areas at Orange Kloof suggests an episodic recruitment strategy which is influenced by local species composition and seed production.
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Deakin, Elizabeth Louise. "Impacts of land-use intensification on forest remnants embedded within production landscapes". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8712.
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Agricultural expansion has transformed and fragmented natural forest habitats at an alarming rate, and dramatic increases in agricultural intensification have since taken place in order to keep pace with human population growth and food demands. This simultaneously poses a considerable threat to biodiversity in agricultural landscapes, as production land is now one of the largest terrestrial biomes on the planet. Therefore, its contribution to biodiversity conservation is critical.
Links between the intensification of agricultural systems and ‘in situ’ declines of biodiversity on farmland have been well documented. However, despite growing recognition that system inputs such as fertiliser and livestock can move or ‘spillover’ into adjacent natural habitats, there has been no direct quantification of the extent of impacts in recipient ecosystems. These abiotic and biotic pathways can cause dramatic impacts on the diversity, composition, and functioning of remaining natural ecosystems, and on their ability to provide a variety of essential ecosystem services. Due to concerns regarding future food security, balancing trade-offs between agriculture and conservation has subsequently become a hot topic in ecological research. However, without any direct quantification of the off-site ecological impacts of agricultural intensification in mosaic landscapes, it is inherently difficult to fully evaluate strategies aimed at balancing production and conservation.
Using New Zealand farming systems as a case study, this thesis aims to address gaps in our current understanding of how increasing agricultural intensification impacts biodiversity in native forest remnants embedded within production landscapes. The first main chapter explores whether the magnitude of ecological impact in forest remnants (for a suite of 26 response measures) and severity of edge effects, scale with the degree of land-use intensity in surrounding agricultural pastures. This chapter also examines whether ecological responses differ in remnants ‘spared’ for conservation purposes (i.e. where livestock are excluded by fencing). The second chapter uses a model food-chain approach native to New Zealand, to test whether nutrient spillover from agricultural pastures influences plant-herbivore and herbivore-parasitoid interactions in forest remnants. This chapter also includes a large-scale common garden fertilisation experiment using the same tri-trophic system, which was established to examine bottom-up multi-trophic responses to the independent and combined effects of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and cow dung and urine. The third main chapter uses a novel stable isotope approach for quantifying community-wide incorporation of resources into trophic structure. I test for the first time whether increasing intensity of farming systems drives greater nutrient spillover spatially into adjacent forest remnant soils and examine scaling effects of 15N (as a marker for anthropogenic N) through multiple trophic levels.
Beyond finding that agricultural land-use intensity generally has negative off-site effects on biodiversity, the key findings of this thesis were (i) spillover of nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural systems into adjacent remnant soils is exacerbated by increases in land-use intensity, with (ii) percolating bottom-up effects on plant and insect community dynamics. (iii) The magnitude of ecological impacts in forest remnants scales linearly with increasing land-use intensity, as does (iv) direct anthropogenic N enrichment across multiple trophic levels, which has the potential to severely jeopardise the stability of ecologically important remnant habitats. (v) Although there were stark structural differences in remnants with and without livestock exclusion, impacts of land-use intensity on ecological response metrics were actually comparable across all sites. (vi) Livestock exclusion should be a priority first step towards conserving native forest remnants, however it should be recognised that fencing does not prevent abiotic channels of nutrient spillover (fertiliser drift, overland flow, leaching) in land characteristic of land spared for nature. (vii) Consequently, increasing land-use intensity compromises the effectiveness of the land-sparing trajectory for conserving native biodiversity, which is currently undertaken in New Zealand production systems.
Given the overall strength of these findings and the novel, ecosystem-wide and landscape-scale approaches taken to address fundamental questions, the work in this thesis greatly enhances our knowledge of the relationships between agricultural productivity and ecological impacts in spatially-coupled ecosystems. This is highly important, not only in New Zealand but worldwide, as it is anticipated that unstoppable human population growth and food security pressures will cause ecological impacts both on the farm and in adjacent natural ecosystems to become even more severe. Therefore, determining the relationship between land-use intensification and biodiversity loss represents the cornerstone of sustainable agricultural development in the future.
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Barahona, Túpac A. "The impact of human practices on forest remnants people and conservation in a small nature reserve in western Nicaragua". Ohio : Ohio University, 2001. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou987449787.
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Rodrigues, Laís Lautenschlager. "Effects of domestic megafauna and landscape on diversity of mammals in Atlantic Forest remnants /". Rio Claro, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/191060.
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Orientador: Mauro Galetti RodriguesResumo: A conversão de paisagens florestais para usos antrópicos é a principal causa do desmatamento das florestas tropicais em todo o mundo. Essas florestas são conhecidas por conter parte significativa da biodiversidade terrestre global, porém pouco se sabe sobre como as modificações na paisagem, como a perda de habitat para produção agropecuária e o principalmente o impacto do gado afetam a diversidade e ocupação de mamíferos resilientes nesses fragmentos. Sendo assim, nós examinamos como a riqueza de espécies e a composição de mamíferos são explicadas pela configuração da paisagem e como a presença do gado afeta a detecção de mamíferos de médio e grande porte. Foram amostradas 20 paisagens dominadas por pastagens ao longo de um gradiente de cobertura florestal (8% a 98%), no sudeste do Brasil. Nós registramos 75% das espécies de mamíferos esperadas para esta região em uma cobertura florestal de média a alta. A cobertura florestal, distância euclidiana do vizinho mais próximo e área estrutural foram as variáveis que melhor explicaram a ocorrência de algumas espécies de mamíferos dependentes de floresta. As comunidades de mamíferos exibiram um alto grau de alternação de espécies entre as paisagens, representando 95% da diversidade beta total. Os impactos da pecuária foram mostrados devido ao seu efeito negativo na detecção de espécies florestais e positivo na detecção de grupos de espécies não florestais. Discutimos a importância de manter fragmentos com alta cobertura vegetal para... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The landscape conversion to anthropic uses is the major cause of deforestation worldwide. Tropical forests are known to contain a significant portion of global terrestrial biodiversity, but little is known about how changes in landscape, such as habitat loss for livestock and its impacts affect the diversity and occupation of resilient mammals in forest fragments immersed in pasture matrices. Here we examine how species richness and mammal composition are explained by landscape configuration and how cattle presence affects the detection of medium and large mammals. We sampled 20 landscapes dominated by pastures along a forest cover gradient (8% to 98%) in southeastern Brazil. We recorded 75% of the mammalian species expected for this region in a medium-to-high forest cover. Landscapes metrics, as forest cover, Euclidean distance from the nearest neighbor and structural area were the variables that best explained the occurrence of some forest mammal species. Mammalian communities exhibited a high degree of species turnover between landscapes, representing 95% of total beta diversity. Livestock impacts were shown due to its negative effect on the detection of forest-dwelling species and positive on the detection of non-forest species groups. We discuss the importance of maintaining forest fragments with high vegetation cover to improve connectivity between disturbed landscapes, favoring mammalian species flow. There is an urgent need for a better understanding of livestock gene... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Dufner, Karina Campos Tisovec. "Intention of preserving forest remnants among landowners in the Atlantic Forest: the role of the ecological context and experiences with nature". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-20092018-103043/.
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Unravelling the psychological processes determining landowners\' support towards forest conservation is key, particularly, in developing countries, where most forest remnants are within private lands. As human-nature connections are known to shape pro-environmental behaviors, the intention of preserving forest remnants should be ultimately determined by the ecological context people live in. Here, we investigate the pathways through which the ecological context (forest cover), via experiences with nature (contact, uses and losses associated with forests), influences the psychological determinants of conservation behavior (beliefs, attitude and intention towards preserving forest remnants). We conceptualized a model based on the Reasoned Action Approach, using the ecological context and experiences with nature as background factors, and tested the model using Piecewise SEM. Data was collected through an interview-based protocol applied to 106 landowners across 13 landscapes varying in forest cover in a region in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Our results indicate that: (i) ecosystem services are more important than disservices for shaping intention of preserving forests, particularly those related to non-provisioning benefits; (ii) contact with forest has an indirect effect on intention, by positively influencing forest uses; (iii) people living in more forested ecological contexts have more experiences with nature, and ultimately stronger intention of preserving forests. Hence, our study suggests a dangerous positive feedback loop between deforestation and the extinction of human-nature connections. Local demands across the full range of ecosystem services, the balance between services and disservices, and the ecological context people live should be considered when developing conservation initiatives in rural areasDesvendar os processos psicológicos que determinam o apoio dos proprietários de terras à conservação das florestas é fundamental, particularmente, nos países em desenvolvimento, onde a maioria dos remanescentes florestais se encontra em áreas privadas. Como as conexões humano-natureza são conhecidas por moldar comportamentos pró-ambientais, a intenção de preservar remanescentes florestais deve ser, em última instância, determinada pelo contexto ecológico no qual as pessoas vivem. Neste trabalho, investigamos os caminhos pelos quais o contexto ecológico (cobertura florestal), através das experiências com a natureza (contato, usos e perdas associados às florestas), influencia os determinantes psicológicos do comportamento de conservação (crenças, atitude e intenção de preservar remanescentes florestais). Formulamos um modelo baseado na Abordagem da Ação Racional, usando o contexto ecológico e as experiências com a natureza como fatores de base, e o testamos através da Piecewise SEM. Os dados foram coletados através de protocolo aplicado, por meio de entrevista, a 106 proprietários de terra em 13 paisagens que variam em cobertura florestal em uma região da Mata Atlântica. Nossos resultados indicam que: (i) serviços ecossistêmicos são mais importantes que desserviços para moldar a intenção de preservar florestas, particularmente outros serviços que não os de provisão; (ii) o contato com a floresta tem um efeito indireto sobre a intenção, influenciando positivamente os usos da floresta; (iii) as pessoas que vivem em contextos ecológicos mais florestados têm mais experiências com a natureza e, assim, uma intenção mais forte de preservar as florestas. Nosso estudo, portanto, sugere um perigoso ciclo de retroalimentação positiva entre o desmatamento e a extinção das conexões humano-natureza. As demandas locais considerando toda a gama de serviços ecossistêmicos, o balanço entre serviços e desserviços e o contexto ecológico no qual as pessoas vivem devem ser considerados ao se desenvolverem iniciativas de conservação em áreas rurais
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Barahona, Tupac A. "THE IMPACT OF HUMAN PRACTICES ON FOREST REMNANTS: PEOPLE AND CONSERVATION IN A SMALL NATURE RESERVE IN WESTERN NICARAGUA". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou987449787.
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Hausmann, Franziska, i n/a. "The Utility of Linear Riparian Rainforest for Vertebrates on the Atherton and Evelyn Tablelands, North Queensland". Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050115.105740.
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This study investigated the utility to vertebrates of upland linear riparian rainforest fragments on the Atherton and Evelyn Tablelands in the Australian Wet Tropics region, north Queensland. Similar linear fragments were selected, that varied in forest age and their connectivity to large areas of continuous forest:- (connected primary (N=6), isolated primary (N=5), connected secondary (N=6) and isolated secondary (N=7)). Primary sites had either never been cleared or only subject to selective logging, while secondary forest had been completely cleared and allowed to regenerate for at least 30 years. These linear fragments were contrasted with riparian sites within continuous forest sites (N=6 to 7), which were situated in State Forest or National Parks, and sites within the cleared matrix (pasture, N=6). Vertebrates surveyed were birds, ground-dwelling mammals and reptiles, particularly leaf-litter skinks. All surveys were conducted between September and December in 2001 and/or 2000. Chapter 2 investigates the effects of forest age, isolation and structural vegetation features on bird assemblages within linear riparian fragments of rainforest. Bird surveys and structural vegetation assessments were conducted within connected and isolated primary and secondary linear fragments, and compared with those of continuous forest habitat (N=6) and pasture. There were strong effects of forest age; all three types of primary rainforest had higher values than secondary rainforest for most measured attributes of vegetation structure (including canopy height and cover; and frequency of large-diameter trees, lianes, epiphytes, strangler figs; and woody debris), but lower frequencies of tree ferns and thorny scramblers. Sites within primary rainforest also had a greater frequency of many bird species across different guilds of habitat, feeding and movement. Assemblages of rainforest-dependent birds showed an effect of isolation, although its strength was less than that of forest age. Isolated fragments of primary rainforest differed significantly from continuous primary rainforest in their rainforest-dependent bird species assemblages (and had lower species richness), and isolated fragments of secondary rainforest differed from those that were connected. There was a significant association between the species composition of rainforest birds and some measured vegetation parameters across all sites, but not within primary or secondary sites. Vegetation differences did not explain the lowered frequency of several species in isolated fragments. Limited dispersal seems unlikely to be a main cause, and causal processes probably vary among species. Specialist rainforest species endemic to the Wet Tropics region showed stronger responses to present-day rainforest age and fragmentation than those not endemic. Variation in nest depredation levels associated with rainforest fragmentation (edge effects) is examined in Chapter 3. Artificial nests were placed in the forest understorey at seven edge sites where continuous forest adjoined pasture, seven interiors (about one kilometre from the edge), and six primary linear riparian forest remnants (50-100 m wide) that were connected to continuous forest. Four nest types were compared, representing different combinations of two factors; height (ground, shrub) and shape (open, domed). At each site, four nests of each type, containing one quail egg and two model plasticine eggs, were interspersed about 15 m apart within a 160 m transect. Predators were identified from marks on the plasticine eggs. The overall depredation rate was 66.5% of 320 nests' contents damaged over a three-day period. Large rodents, especially the rat Uromys caudimaculatus, and birds, especially the spotted catbird Ailuroedus melanotis, were the main predators. Mammals comprised 56.5% and birds 31.0% of identified predators, with 12.5% of unknown identity. The depredation rate did not vary among site-types, or between open and domed nests, and there were no statistically significant interactions. Nest height strongly affected depredation rates by particular types of predator; depredation rates by mammals were highest at ground nests, whereas attacks by birds were most frequent at shrub nests. These effects counterbalanced so that overall there was little net effect of nest height. Mammals accounted for 78.4% of depredated ground nests and birds for at least 47.4% of shrub nests (and possibly up to 70.1%). The main predators were species characteristic of rainforest, rather than habitat generalists, open-country or edge specialists. For birds that nest in the tropical rainforest understorey of the study region, it is unlikely that edges and linear remnants presently function as ecological population sinks due to mortality associated with increased nest depredation. The use of linear riparian remnants by small ground-dwelling mammals and reptiles (mainly leaf litter skinks), is reported in Chapter 4. Site types were continuous rainforest, connected and isolated linear fragments of both uncleared primary rainforest and secondary regrowth rainforest. Mammals were also surveyed in pasture sites. Neither reptile species richness nor abundance varied significantly among site types. Although mammal species richness varied significantly between site types, with isolated primary sites containing highest species richness, overall mammal abundance did not differ significantly among site types. Pasture sites differed significantly from all rainforest sites in their mammal species composition, and were dominated by the introduced house mouse (Mus musculus). This species was absent from all rainforest sites, which were characterised by moderate abundances of bush rat/Cape York rat Rattus fuscipes/leucopus, fawn-footed melomys Melomys cervinipes and giant white-tailed rat Uromys caudimaculatus. None of these species varied significantly in abundance among site types, although the giant white-tailed rat showed a trend (P=0.09) for reduced abundance in isolated secondary sites. A single reptile species, the prickly forest skink Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae, occurred in sufficient numbers for individual analysis, and its abundance varied significantly among the forested site types, being less abundant in all linear fragments than in continuous forest sites. The utility of linear riparian rainforest for vertebrates appears to be species-specific and involves many factors. However, overall, species endemic to the Wet Tropics (which are hence of the highest conservation significance) appear to be the most sensitive to fragmentation. These species were most likely to show altered abundances or frequencies of occurrence due to isolation, forest age, and habitat linearity. The ecology of species within this group warrants further investigation within fragmented and non-fragmented regions of the Tablelands. For many other vertebrates examined in this study, there appears to be sufficient functional connectedness between remnants on the Tablelands to minimise the effects of fragmentation. Nevertheless, the lower density of many of these species in pasture may indicate that their long-term persistence within the fragmented rainforest areas could benefit from the maintenance or establishment of habitat linkages. Certainly, if the current rainforest vegetation cover were further reduced, or if the land use in the matrix became more intensive, the establishment of specific habitat linkages could become more important as existing dispersal routes could be lost. It also appears that nest depredation levels are unlikely to limit the value of linear rainforest remnants and other small rainforest remnants as breeding habitat for birds (at least for understorey-nesting species), relative to more intact rainforest, in the study region.
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Jay, Grace Mairi McIntyre. "Symbolic order and material agency a cultural ecology of native forest remnants on Waikato dairy farms /". Connect to this title online, 2004. http://adt.waikato.ac.nz/public/adt-uow20060125.120921/.
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Jay, Grace Mairi M. "Symbolic order and material agency: A cultural ecology of native forest remnants on Waikato dairy farms". The University of Waikato, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2603.
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Loss of native biological diversity is a world-wide problem of growing international concern. One of the main causes of native biodiversity loss is destruction and degradation of native habitat through land development for agriculture. The Waikato region is an example of the destruction and degradation of native habitat in association with the development and intensification of farming, including dairy farming. This thesis explores cultural reasons for the loss of native forest in the Waikato region, and reasons why fragments of native forest remain. The research involves a participant observation study of 'typical' dairy farm families for 9 months of the dairy year, in-depth interviews of dairy farmers who have protected a significant proportion of their land for conservation of native habitat, a questionnaire of dairy farmers, and an examination of dairy farm magazines and other literature to identify the values and attitudes that motivate dairy farmers in relation to land management and protection of native habitat. The title of the thesis suggests two elements that are important for understanding the loss and persistence of native forest in Waikato's farmed landscapes. Symbolic reason refers to the values, attitudes and perceptions of farmers that derive from socio-political and economic forces which encourage productivist practises that leave little opportunity for native forest to survive. Material agency refers to the local circumstances of particular farms and individual people which enable native forest to persist. The thesis argues that persistence of native forest depends on the idiosyncrasies of material circumstance in the face of relentless pressure to transform the production landscape for economic purposes. The thesis concludes with a suggestion that policies to assist survival of native habitat in farmed landscapes need to include ones that encourage the odds in favour of fortuitous circumstance. In the face of globalised economic pressures, policies for conservation of native biodiversity need to involve a 'portfolio' of measures that apply to individual landowners and the wider rural community by recognising, assisting and rewarding management for non-production values.
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Tariku, Haile Yineger. "Comparing Bird Communities and a Forest Tree in Fragmented Remnants in NW Ethiopia: Inventory, Conservation Planning, Modelling and Conservation Genetic Approaches". Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367874.
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Anthropogenic disturbance regimes in areas that were once large continuous habitats have been major drivers of habitat fragmentation and loss which in turn form the largest worldwide threat to biodiversity. Studies suggest that functional trait based approaches provide better understanding of fragmentation effects on ecological processes in human- modified landscapes. However, research on these thematic areas is limited in many tropical regions, such as Ethiopia. In the second chapter of this thesis, I evaluated sensitivity of bird communities and functional groups to fragmentation processes in Ethiopia. Standard point counts were used to survey birds in 16 remnant forest patches
of variable sizes and degrees of isolation. The information theoretic model selection approach was used for precise understanding of avian functional group responses to habitat loss and fragmentation. Results showed strong impacts of forest loss and fragmentation on forest specialists, insectivores, frugivores, open nesters, understorey nesters and resident birds. These results led to the identification of indicator bird functional groups, which can be used to prioritize sites for conservation particularly where management funds are limited. Specifically, the indicator groups can provide the cheapest option to efficiently conserve biodiversity of the region particularly when systematic conservation planning approaches are used while at the same time considering important landscape features, socio-economic, political and bioclimatic factors. Where management resources are affordable, protection and restoration of the remnant forest patches and matrix vegetation may help mitigate the negative effects of fragmentation on the specialist bird functional groups.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Książki na temat "Forest remnants"
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Gray, Andrew N. Characteristics of remnant old-growth forests in the northern Coast Range of Oregon and comparison to surrounding landscapes. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. Of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2009.
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Gray, Andrew N. Characteristics of remnant old-growth forests in the northern Coast Range of Oregon and comparison to surrounding landscapes. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. Of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2009.
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Gray, Andrew N. Characteristics of remnant old-growth forests in the northern Coast Range of Oregon and comparison to surrounding landscapes. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. Of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2009.
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Gray, Andrew N. Characteristics of remnant old-growth forests in the northern Coast Range of Oregon and comparison to surrounding landscapes. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. Of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2009.
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Brackett, Prilla Smith. Prilla Smith Brackett: Remnants--ancient forests & city trees. [S.l: s.n.], 1999.
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Barros, Claudia Franca. Madeiras da mata Atlântica: Anatomia do lenho de espécies ocorrentes nos remanescentes florestais do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil = Timbers of the Atlantic Rain Forest : wood anatomy of species from remnant forest in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, 1997.
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Bekele, Tamrat. Vegetation ecology of remnant Afromontane forests on the Central Plateau of Shewa, Ethiopia. Uppsala: Opulus Press AB, 1993.
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Strawbridge, M. The extent, condition and management of remnant vegetation in water resource recovery catchments in south Western Australia: Report to the Natural Heritage Trust. East Perth, W.A: Water and Rivers Commission, 1999.
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Salih, Abdelrahim Mohammed. The nineteenth-century wars between the Manasir people of northern Sudan and the British colonialist invaders: A study based on historical artifacts, geographical sites, oral traditions, and documentary remnants. Lewiston [NY]: Edwin Mellen Press, 2012.
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(Editor), William F. Laurance, i Jr., Richard O. Bierregaard (Editor), red. Tropical Forest Remnants: Ecology, Management, and Conservation of Fragmented Communities. University Of Chicago Press, 1997.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Forest remnants"
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Yesilonis, Ian D., i Richard V. Pouyat. "Carbon Stocks in Urban Forest Remnants: Atlanta and Baltimore as Case Studies". W Carbon Sequestration in Urban Ecosystems, 103–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2366-5_5.
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Battaglia, Loretta L., i William H. Conner. "Old-Growth and Mature Remnant Floodplain Forests of the Southeastern United States". W Ecology and Recovery of Eastern Old-Growth Forests, 21–37. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-891-6_2.
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Rezende, Lucas, Fausto Weimar Acerbi Junior, Jos Roberto Soares Scolforo, Jos Mrcio de Mello, Antnio Donizette de Oliveira, Luis Marcelo Tavares de Carvalho, Natalino Calegrio i Antnio Carlos Ferraz Filho. "Sustainable Forest Management of Native Vegetation Remnants in Brazil". W Sustainable Forest Management - Case Studies. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/30313.
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Nepstad, Daniel, i Paulo R. S. Moutinho. "The Recovery of Biomass, Nutrient Stocks, and Deep-Soil Functions in Secondary Forests". W The Biogeochemistry of the Amazon Basin. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195114317.003.0012.
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Secondary forests cover approximately one third of the 0.5 million km2 of the Brazilian Amazon that have been cleared for agriculture (Houghton et al. 2000, Fearnside and Guimarães 1996). These forests counteract many of the deleterious impacts of forest conversion to agriculture and cattle pasture. They absorb carbon from the atmosphere, they reestablish hydrological functions performed by mature forests, and they reduce the flammability of agricultural landscapes. Secondary forests transfer nutrients from the soil to living biomass, thereby reducing the potential losses of nutrients from the land through leaching and erosion. They also allow the expansion of native plant and animal populations from mature forest remnants back into agricultural landscapes. The study of forest recovery has focused on aboveground processes, primarily biomass accumulation. The few studies that have examined the recovery of belowground functions in Amazon secondary forests have been restricted to the upper meter or less of soil (e.g. Buschbacher et al. 1988). A review of our knowledge of secondary forest recovery is needed that incorporates accumulating evidence that approximately half of the region’s forests rely upon root systems extending to depths of several meters to maintain evapotranspiration during prolonged seasonal drought (Nepstad et al. 1994, Jipp et al. 1998, Nepstad et al. 1999a, Hodnett et al. 1997; see also Richter and Markewitz 1995). This discovery demands a conceptual shift in our approach to forest recovery on abandoned land. Are secondary forests capable of regrowing deep root systems, thereby recovering hydrologic functions and fire resistance of the mature forest? At what rate does this recovery take place? How does this ability to tap a large soil volume change our thinking about the role that nutrient shortages play in restricting secondary forest recovery? In this chapter, we begin to address these questions with the goal of furthering a mechanistic understanding of forest recovery on abandoned Amazonian lands. Our analysis focuses on three measures of secondary forest development: biomass accumulation, nutrient accumulation, and hydrological recovery. We choose biomass accumulation, because it is the best integrative measure of secondary forest development, it is the basis for estimates of carbon sequestration by secondary forests, and it is the most frequently measured secondary forest parameter.
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"6. Effects of Urbanization on Decomposer Communities and Soil Processes in Forest Remnants". W Nature in Fragments, 125–43. Columbia University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/john12778-009.
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Canuto, M., G. Zorzin, E. P. M. Carvalho-Filho, C. E. A. Carvalho, G. D. M. Carvalho i C. E. R. T. Benfic. "Conservation, Management and Expansion of Protected and Non-Protected Tropical Forest Remnants Through Population Density Estimation, Ecology and Natural History of Top Predators; Case Studies of Birds of Prey (Spizaetus taxon)". W Tropical Forests. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/30059.
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Hasnat, G. N. Tanjina, i Mohammed Kamal Hossain. "Global Overview of Tropical Dry Forests". W Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability, 1–23. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0014-9.ch001.
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Forests cover almost one-third of the Earth's land surface. Tropical dry forests are the second-most-important forest type in the world covering approximately 42% of tropical and sub-tropical forest area. The main features of these forests are their deciduousness, a prolonged dry period extending 3-9 months, and little annual precipitation of 250-2,000 mm. Tropical dry forests are found in five of the eight realms in the world. More than half of the forests are distributed in the Americas, with other portions in Africa, Eurasia, Australia, and Southeast Asia. The forests are unique in nature, and provide shelter to a huge number of endemics and endangered species. Among woody plant species, about 40% are not found anywhere in the world. These forests are now the most threatened among all forest types. The conservation status of these forests is endangered. Deforestation, rapid civilization, land conversion, fire, and climate change are the major threats. Proper management with time-oriented policy could be helpful to restore these forests and protect the existing remnant areas.
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Hasnat, G. N. Tanjina, i Mohammed Kamal Hossain. "Global Overview of Tropical Dry Forests". W Research Anthology on Ecosystem Conservation and Preserving Biodiversity, 69–91. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5678-1.ch005.
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Forests cover almost one-third of the Earth's land surface. Tropical dry forests are the second-most-important forest type in the world covering approximately 42% of tropical and sub-tropical forest area. The main features of these forests are their deciduousness, a prolonged dry period extending 3-9 months, and little annual precipitation of 250-2,000 mm. Tropical dry forests are found in five of the eight realms in the world. More than half of the forests are distributed in the Americas, with other portions in Africa, Eurasia, Australia, and Southeast Asia. The forests are unique in nature, and provide shelter to a huge number of endemics and endangered species. Among woody plant species, about 40% are not found anywhere in the world. These forests are now the most threatened among all forest types. The conservation status of these forests is endangered. Deforestation, rapid civilization, land conversion, fire, and climate change are the major threats. Proper management with time-oriented policy could be helpful to restore these forests and protect the existing remnant areas.
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KUNICHIKA, MICHAEL. "A Remnant Poetics:". W Persistent Forms, 209–26. Fordham University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18kr6cs.12.
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Kunichika, Michael. "A Remnant Poetics". W Persistent Forms, 209–26. Fordham University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823264858.003.0007.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Forest remnants"
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Yeo, Darren. "Discovery of high insect diversity in the mangrove and swamp forest remnants of urban Singapore facilitated by NGS barcodes". W 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.109066.
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Lundgren, Sus, i Staffan Björk. "Forces, clashes and remnants". W the 2005 ACM SIGCHI International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1178477.1178538.
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Sergeeva, T. P., O. V. Lozinskaya, E. G. Smirnova, S. F. Kotova, L. P. Yatsenko i E. T. Titova. "WHAT THREATENS THE FORESTS OF BELARUS IN THE 21ST CENTURY?" W SAKHAROV READINGS 2021: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2021-1-88-91.
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The problem of the unsightly state of forests as a result of pollution, mainly with household objects and food remnants from picnics, is raised. The question is raised about the unacceptability of the current situation, which is evolving at an accelerated rate. Possible measures for improving it are considered with the help of the media, the adoption of the necessary legislative acts and educational activities, as well as through the involvement of environmental specialists in the field of forestry.
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Svensson, Johan, Grzegorz Mikusinski, Bengt-Gunnar Jonsson, Jon Andersson i Jakub Bubnicki. "The remnant natural boreal forest green belt of the Scandinavian mountain range". W 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107733.
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Ribeiro, A. I., L. F. Gonzalez, R. M. Longo, G. A. de Medeiros, A. H. Rosa, R. W. Lourenço i F. H. Fengler. "Soil erodibility assessment in a pasture and forest remnant using the Inderbitzen device". W FOOD AND ENVIRONMENT 2013. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/fenv130051.
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Illson, Tim, Clive Ward, Vinod Chauhan i Michael Gardiner. "Remnant Life Estimation of Pipelines With Internal Corrosion". W 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64669.
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Situations can arise where the condition of a pipeline system is poorly known. This may be due to a variety of operational or commercial reasons. Failures will eventually occur if time dependent degradation mechanisms are active. While an appropriate response may be to inspect or hydrotest, this is generally not feasible within a short time frame and integrity assessments or replacements must therefore be prioritized. This paper looks at an ageing upstream pipeline system subject to internal corrosion. A case study is presented in which a system approaching its original design life is required to carry fluids from reservoirs now forecast to be productive for another 50 years. Fluids include sweet or sour gas, crude oil and injection water. Design data are available but inspection information is sparse with less than 10% of lines inspected by ILI; coupon data and well production forecasts are available. The challenge was to prioritize line replacements according to the remnant life of each pipeline, based on the limited available data. Current condition was measured for lines where ILI data were available. A corrosion risk assessment was conducted to identify credible degradation mechanisms. The pipelines were then grouped according to the fluids being transported. This enabled an estimate of current condition for all pipelines based upon the limited inspection and coupon data. In order to predict the remnant life it was necessary to estimate the future corrosion rates, again for all lines. A number of approaches could be used for estimating future corrosion rates. These include basing the rates on historical inspection data or using corrosion modeling techniques. The paper describes a hybrid method that synthesises these two approaches to allow a corrosion rate distribution to be postulated for calculating remnant life. In addition, the options for future corrosion rate estimation are described and the advantages and disadvantages of each one discussed.
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Ibekwe, Achinike, Kjeld Sorensen, Jonathan Fernández, Alberto Arredondo i Alex Mena. "Remnant Life Assessment of Bonga FPSO and SPM Mooring Chains". W ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77941.
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Delivering full service life performance for mooring systems of Floating Production Storage & Offloading assets (FPSO) has been a frustrating challenge to operators across the industry. Remaining strength and fatigue assessment on degraded top mooring chains of the Bonga FPSO and Single Point Mooring (SPM) loading Buoy has been investigated as part of an in-house Bonga Asset Preservation Program. Both facilities are located approximately 120 km off the coast of Nigeria in the Gulf of Guinea operating in tropical waters just North of the Equator, where top chain links have been subjected to accelerated deterioration from Sun Corals and other forms of Microbiologically Induced Corrosion (MIC). These phenomena have led to overall corrosion rates being slightly above general design requirements, but more importantly to formations of large pitting on several sections of the top chain links. Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROV) assisted inspections, chain link cleaning and underwater 3D photogrammetry have allowed capturing the surface geometry of representative degraded chain links of the mooring lines to provide detailed input data for further analyses. Reverse engineering has been performed via Finite Element Analysis and fracture mechanics methodologies using the scanned geometry of selected highly exposed critical links to estimate the residual strength and fatigue life performance of the degraded links relative to their original design criteria. To evaluate the potential impact of cracks on the capacity of degraded chains relative to a reference link, crack tip Stress Intensity Factors have been computed at worst case stress-raising pits and parametric analyses using varying initial crack sizes have been performed to calculate the number of years for the cracks to propagate to critical sizes. A baseline for benchmarking the strength, fatigue and crack growth behaviour of the degraded links investigated has been provided by analysing non-degraded and uniformly corroded links after 12 years of service with projection to end of service life capacity. The paper provides a comprehensive application of numerical methods for assessing the fitness-for-service of the chains and recommendations on in-situ performance integrity management by circumventing the need to retrieve chain samples for testing.
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Curtiss, Peter S., i Jan F. Kreider. "Life Cycle Analysis of Automotive Ethanol Produced From Municipal Solid Waste". W ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90327.
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The trend of increasing petroleum prices has prompted the consideration of other fuels for transportation. Ethanol has received a great deal of attention based on the hope that it is possible to develop a sustainable and relatively environmentally responsible alternative to gasoline. Currently, the biofuels industry depends heavily on the use of cereal crops as the feedstock for the ethanol refineries. This practice, however, has led to concern over the diversion of food supplies to fuel supplies; price increases of corn and corn-dependent products (milk, beef, etc.) have already been blamed on the market forces pushing crops towards fuel production. Additionally, sufficient land water exist in the US for cereal crop-based biofuels. Another method for producing ethanol uses waste products as the main feedstock. The waste can consist of anything fermentable — agricultural field remnants, yard clippings, and paper and food waste all are potentially inputs to the ethanol production process. An added benefit of such a system is the decrease in the amount of material that must be disposed in landfills or dumps. This paper briefly discusses the conversion of municipal solid waste (MSW) to ethanol for use as an automotive replacement fuel.
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А.Е., Леонтьев,, Бейлекчи, В.В. i Бейлекчи, В.В. "RESEARCH OF VYZSHEGSHA HILLFORT, 2020". W Археология Владимиро-Суздальской земли. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2021.978-5-94375-365-7.38-50.
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В раскопе на центральной площадке городища были открыты остатки наземной постройки. Многочисленные находки мелких слитков и лома цветных металлов, литейных форм, обломка тигля указывают на ее вероятное использование в качестве литейной мастерской. Вывод подтверждает химический анализ культурного слоя заполнения постройки, который показал повышенное содержание в его составе элементов меди, свинца, олова. Находка ножа характерной формы позволяет датировать постройку не ранее второй половины VIII в. В коллекции находок многочисленны элементы украшений, характерных для костюма раннесредневекового финского населения Поволжья, в их числе редкий образец височного лопастного кольца. Второй раскоп находился в северо-восточной оконечности центральной площадки городища. Специфика отложений позволяет полагать, что обследованный участок поселения использовался для добычи камня. Лидарная аэросъемка окрестностей городища позволила обнаружить на противоположном левом берегу р. Черной 3 группы курганов Remnants of an above-ground structure were discovered in excavation site 1at the central area of the fortified settlement. Numerous findings of small ingots and scarps of nonferrous metals and findings of casting forms, fragments of troughs indicate that the structure was possibly used as a casting workshop. This conclusion is reinforced by analysis of the occupation layer that filled the structure. Analysis showed an increased content of copper, lead and tin in the occupation layer. Finding of a knife of a very specific shape allows dating the structure which is no earlier than the second half of the 8 century. Numerous elements of adornments specific for dressing of early medieval Finnish population are included in collection of findings. The second excavation site was at the of north-east tip of the central ground of the fortified settlement. Specificity of depositions allows to suppose that that area of settlements wasused for quarrying. The lidar aerial survey allowed discovering three groups of burial mounds at the opposite (left) bank of the Chernaya river and probable location of a fortified settlement that was hitherto unknown.
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Kaczmarek, E., i J. McDonagh. "COMPLEX FORMATION,BETWEEN THROMBIN AND FIBRINOGEN OR FIBRINOGEN DEGRADATION PRODUCTS (FDP)". W XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643330.
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To identify the part of the fibrinogen molecule which interacts with thrombin binding of human thrombin to plasmic FDP was analyzed.125I-thrombin was incubated with FDP, purified fibrinogen fragment D or fragment E in the presence of 0.2% glutaraldehyde. Incubation mixtures were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. Under non-reducing conditions, the autoradiogram from the thrombin and fibrinogen fragment D incubation showed only one dark band, the molecular weight (Mr) of which was identical to that of thrombin, indicating no complex formation between thrombin and fragment D. With thrombin and fibrinogen fragment E, two dark bands were observed: the electrophoretic mobility of the first was the same as that of thrombin and the Mr of the second was equal to the sum of the Mr of thrombin and fragment E. This shows that human thrombin Forms a complex with fibrinogen fragment E. Hence, we can conclude that only the N-terminal part of the fibrinogen molecule is necessary for interaction with thrombin. Under reducing conditions, the complex of thrombin with fragment E produced four bands on gel electrophoresis. One was thrombin; the remaining three were complexes of thrombin with fragment E chain remnants. To investigate this further, carboxymethylated human fibrinogen chains Aα, Bβ and γ were purified and coupled to Sepharose 4B. 125I-thrombin was applied on the three columns. Nearly all radioactivity was bound to the three affinity columns and was eluted with higher NaCl concentration. We can infer that complex formation between thrombin and fibrinogen requires interaction between thrombin and all three fibrinogen chains. To find which thrombin amino acid residues are responsible for interaction with fibrinogen, human thrombin was coupled to Affi-Gel 102 and Affi-Gel 202 through thrombin's carboxyl and amino groups, respectively. We observed binding of fibrinogen and fibrinogen fragment E only to Affi-Gel 102 column, indicating that lysine residues and perhaps the N-terminal of the thrombin molecule interact with fibrinogen. When thrombin was bound to the gel through its amino groups, there was no interaction between thrombin and fibrinogen or fragment E.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Forest remnants"
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Gray, Andrew N., Vicente J. Monleon i Thomas A. Spies. Characteristics of remnant old-growth forests in the northern Coast Range of Oregon and comparison to surrounding landscapes. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-790.
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