Rozprawy doktorskie: „Forest management strategies”

1

Backéus, Sofia. "Forest management strategies for CO₂ mitigation". Umeå : Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2009. http://epsilon.slu.se/200989.pdf.

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2

Burcham, Daniel C. "Urban forest management for multiple benefits an analysis of tree establishment strategies used by community tree planting programs /". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 214 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1885755681&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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3

Forsell, Nicklas. "Planning under risk and uncertainty : optimizing spatial forest management strategies /". Umeå : Dept. of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2009. http://epsilon.slu.se/200939.pdf.

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4

DuPraw, Marcelle Elise. "Illuminating Capacity-Building Strategies for Landscape-Scale Collaborative Forest Management Through Constructivist Grounded Theory". NSUWorks, 2014. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/6.

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This dissertation uses the constructivist grounded theory methods of Charmaz (2011) to explore: 1) the unique characteristics of landscape-scale collaboration; 2) implications for collaborative capacity-building strategies; and 3) the relationship between conflict, landscape-scale collaboration, and conflict resolution. The study was conducted through the US Forest Service's Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Program (CFLRP). In the 1980s and 1990s, national forest management conflicts brought the forest industry to a standstill, with many jobs lost. In addition, historic fire suppression practices have made our national forests highly vulnerable to catastrophic wildfire. Many have strong opinions about what should be done and how. The proposed substantive theory suggests landscape-scale collaboration can serve as a conflict prevention, problem solving, or conflict resolution venue and offer opportunities for remarkable efficiencies in forest restoration as well as profoundly restorative transformation in ecological, social, economic, personal, and spiritual dimensions. It identifies unique characteristics of collaboration at this scale; suggests that realizing benefits depends on collaborative capacities at the collaborator, constituent organization, collaborative stakeholder group, and sponsoring organization levels, and on mastering nine challenges; and suggests eight implications for collaborative capacity building strategies. The study contributes to forest restoration, reduced loss of life and livelihood, and economic recovery by contributing to CFLRP effectiveness. It contributes to the field of conflict resolution by: illuminating the collaboration / conflict resolution relationship; a particular application of collaboration; related sources of conflict; and conflict resolution strategies. It advances new directions of study for conflict resolution scholars--i.e., how to help agencies and groups strengthen their collaborative capacities.

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5

Soderlund, Joshua. "Response to Management Strategies in Young-Growth Giant Sequoia Stands at Mountain Home Demonstration State Forest - Remeasurement Twenty Years After Treatment". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/676.

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There is limited information on how young-growth giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum [Lindl.] Buchholz)/mixed conifer stands respond to forest management strategies. An applied research study was initiated in 1989 when 35 approximately 0.1 acre (0.04 hectare) plots were installed in six young-growth giant sequoia/mixed conifer stands. The objective of this study was to determine if there was a difference after 20 years between treatments (a) thin only, (b) thin and prescribe burn, and (c) control in terms of the effect on overstory growth and yield, understory plants, tree regeneration and downed woody debris. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for cubic-foot growth over 20 years showed significant difference (p = 0.016) between the three treatments. Three diversity indices (richness, evenness, and heterogeneity) showed varied results with environmental factors of slope and elevation major variables affecting plant diversity. Regeneration study showed significant seedlings per acre difference (p = 0.010) between treatment (b) and treatments (a) and (c) with white fir (Abies concolor [Gord. & Glend.] Lindl. ex Hildebr.) the majority at 87%. These collected and analyzed data will benefit Mountain Home Demonstration State Forest along with other forest managers who actively manage giant sequoia stands, whether natural or plantation.

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6

Latham, Julia E. "Evaluating failures in tropical forest management : incorporating local perspectives into global conservation strategies". Thesis, University of York, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5232/.

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Despite decades of varied conservation and management interventions, tropical forests remain one of the world’s most threatened biomes. Tropical forests directly support the livelihoods of millions of people in poverty through the provision of food and fuel, while also delivering vital ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration and watershed protection. Approaches to conserve and manage tropical forests have evolved in recent decades, reflecting an increasing appreciation for the multiple ecological, social and economic services they provide. However, growing appreciation for the multiple benefits of forests has arguably not been met with their growing realisation in practice. Indeed, it is becoming apparent that trade-offs in forest conservation and management are common, whereas ‘win-win’ outcomes for both development and conservation are rare. Despite this, emerging policies aimed at reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD+) have harnessed international attention, given theoretical benefits not just for climate change mitigation, but biodiversity conservation and poverty alleviation. For REDD+ to succeed where other policies arguably have failed, critical examination of existing tropical forest conservation and management policies is necessary to provide implementation recommendations. In this thesis I critically review the history of interventions to conserve and manage tropical forests (Chapter 2), and highlight three repeated failures in implementation that are common to all examined policies: low appreciation by management for the heterogeneity of target communities and dependence on forest resources; low levels of community inclusion and participation in management; and a continued deficit in clearly defined social and economic indicators of intervention success. To address these concerns I suggest examination of policy implementation at the local level is needed, with focus on what works where, for whom, and why, rather than what the ‘silver bullet’ for tropical forest conservation and management might be. Using a case-study approach in Tanzania, I examine the implementation of different management regimes, including strict protection and Participatory Forest Management (PFM), from the local socio-economic perspective. In the first empirical chapter (Chapter 3), I measure household awareness of the different forest management regimes in the study area using household questionnaire surveys. Results show that awareness of forest management and rules and regulations was clear, however confusion in the type of regime in place was apparent. Overall, awareness for top-down management structures was high, yet few households were engaged in rule formation of the PFM forests and none were aware of joint-management status. Findings indicate that forest management implementation must consider heterogeneity in villager awareness for management regimes, yet logistic regression models show this heterogeneity cannot necessarily be defined in a predictable way based on household socio-economic characteristics. Management implementation that focuses on transparent, uniform and consistent communication of information across whole forest- adjacent communities is therefore more likely to succeed. In the second empirical chapter (Chapter 4), I quantify household forest product use in the study area to examine the impact of forest access restrictions on household ability to meet firewood needs. Household perceived need for firewood was compared with quantity consumed to provide an indication of household firewood sufficiency. Results indicate management effectiveness is reflected by this measure of firewood sufficiency. Harvest from non-forest areas was found to significantly reduce firewood sufficiency, presenting concerns for household welfare and/or leakage of harvesting activities to other less-well protected forests in the area given a recent ban on firewood collection in a nearby National Park. Results of this chapter support suggestions that forest management adopt a landscape approach in planning, to account for local resource needs and avoid the negative impacts of leakage and detriment to local welfare. Finally, in Chapter 5 I use a qualitative approach to examine local perceptions of the challenges for forest protection, and compare these across stakeholder groups from the villager to management level. Issues that permeate the discourses are categorised into three themes: education, governance and forest dependency. The importance of each issue was found to vary by stakeholder group, identifying a disconnect and division in accountability for forest protection between villagers and management officials. Results suggest more novel approaches for social engagement and community inclusion in forest management are necessary. I suggest that facilitation of villager empowerment is needed for village institutions to be effectively accountable for forest protection, thereby aiding long term management success. Overall, the thesis shows that forest conservation and management interventions need to account for the perspectives and needs of local forest-adjacent communities. In Chapter 6, results are discussed in light of the three repeated failings of tropical forest conservation and management interventions, as outlined in Chapter 2. Results confirm these failings in implementation exist in the study area. As such, I suggest that the local socio-economic measures used in this thesis can be used in future evaluations of global tropical forest policy. Results also present important implications for emerging REDD+ policies, as limits to achieving the multiple benefits of climate change mitigation, biodiversity conservation, and poverty alleviation are identified.

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7

Schmidt, Kaspar. "Livelihoods and forest management in transition- knowledge and strategies of local people in the walnut-fruit forests in Kyrgyzstan". Thesis, University of Reading, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493939.

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Since the breakdown of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Central Asian country of Kyrgyzstan has been undergoing a difficult process of economic, political and social transition. This applies as much to the country and its society and national economy as a whole as to the forest sector.

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8

Maughan, Zachary F. "Concentrated Use Areas: Characteristics and Management Strategies on the Uinta-Wasatch-Cache National Forest". DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4269.

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Dispersed recreation management is a form of management that has emerged over the past century of outdoor recreation management on public lands in the United States. Techniques used in dispersed recreation management seek to disperse recreation use, recreational areas, and their impacts across landscapes and ecosystems or to concentrate such use to areas that remain undeveloped. This study is a mixed-methods, descriptive study of dispersed recreation management on national forest lands. In particular, this study focuses on United States Forest Service (USFS) management Concentrated Use Areas (CUAs) on Uinta-Wasatch-Cache National Forest (UWCNF), as identified in the 2003 Revised Forest Plan of the Wasatch-Cache National Forest. A qualitative approach of inventorying past management actions, observing CUAs, and interviewing recreation managers and resource specialists on the UWCNF was used. The qualitative aspects of this study were also coupled with a quantitative analysis of Geographic Positioning System (GPS) based data using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to better understand characteristics of CUAs and their management in dispersed recreation settings. Overall, this study draws many conclusions involving the definition of, and management and design solutions for CUAs. CUAs can be described as easily accessible, flat areas adjacent to roads, with good access to water, and shade. These areas are often used for camping of various types, with trailers and groups being a predominant use. ATVs and motorized use are also associated with these areas. Use is generally considered high and continual during the summer season, with sites often being used year after year by families and groups of friends. Loss of vegetation, soil compaction, and soil erosion are common impacts attributed to concentrated recreational use. Another finding was that recreation resource managers and resource specialists have similar views of what CUAs are and how they are managed. Management actions generally consist of both indirect and direct management actions focused on limiting environmental impacts caused by recreation uses. Management actions are conducted on both large and small scales within districts, and dispersed recreation protocol was found that called on management to reduce biophysical impacts. However, management techniques lack official targets and metrics for measuring the success of management. Design is also a component of CUA management. The design of CUAs generally consists of adapting user-created recreation areas into more structured and defined areas.

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9

Nsiah, Bernard. "Contribution of Farm Forest Plantation Management to the Livelihood Strategies of Farm Households in the High Forest Zone of Ghana". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-39671.

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Ghana has experienced a remarkable degradation and depletion of its forest resources over the last 100 years. This process has undermined the socio-economic and socio-cultural importance of the forests for millions of rural people who depend on the resource to support their livelihood. Many rural households have over the past three decades developed strategies to minimize the effects of forest depletion on their livelihood. The establishment of smallholder forest plantation on agricultural land has emerged as an important form of land-use for households to diversify their sources of income and also improve their socio-economic well-being. The main objective of the study was to identify and analyze the endogenous and exogenous factors inducing farm household’s decision to establish farm forest plantation and to analyze its financial contribution to household’s income and livelihood strategies. The study involved a survey of 280 randomly selected farm households from five communities in the Offinso district in Ghana. The multi-stage stratified random sampling technique was used to select as many as 165 households with farm forest plantation as well as 115 without farm forest plantation. A mixture of tools including semi-structured questionnaire, focus group discussions, wealth ranking, forest inventory and market surveys were used to collect the required data. Results from logistic regression analysis revealed that the age of the household head, the number of years of education of the household head, the amount of household labor, the size of household landholding, the ownership of permanent land, the availability of non-agricultural land and household’s participation in past forest plantation development projects are the most important endogenous factors influencing the farm household’s decision to establish farm forest plantation. On the other hand, exogenous factors such as the availability of market and buyers for farm forest products and farm household’s satisfaction with market prices for farm forest products positively influenced the household’s decision to establish farm forest plantation. Prohibitive rules and regulations relating to the harvesting of trees and transportation of timber from private lands and uncertainty in tree tenure as a result of ambiguous policy framework, however, negatively influenced the decision to establish smallholder forest plantation on their agricultural land. The results from household income portfolio analysis show that cash income from selling farm forest products contributed an average of $273.6 to total household’s income in one agricultural season. This amount accounted for 17.6% of total household’s income and represented the second most important source of income after agriculture. The profitability of different land-uses practiced by the households was analyzed using a conventional economic method (Net Present Value). The results from a comparative financial analysis show that the establishment of teak plantation on agricultural land inter-cropped with food crops is the most profitable form of land use for the households compared to pure teak plantation and maize-plantain cultivation. The results of the study underscore the potential contribution of smallholder farm forest plantation to increase the overall household’s income and thereby improve household’s well-being
Ghana hat während der letzten 100 Jahre eine bemerkenswerte Degradation und Verminderung seines Waldvorkommens erlebt. Dieser Prozess hat die sozio-ökonomische und sozial-kulturelle Bedeutung des Waldes als Einkommensquelle zur Unterstützung des Lebensunterhalts für Millionen ländlicher Einwohner geschwächt. Während der letzen 30 Jahre haben viele Kleinbauern Haushalte Strategien entwickelt um den Effekt, den die Verminderung des Waldvorkommens auf ihren Lebensunterhalt hat, zu minimieren. Die Anlage kleinflächiger Forstplantagen auf Ackerland hat sich dabei als wichtige Form der Landnutzung erwiesen, da sie eine Einkommensquelle zusätzlich zu den vorhandenen bedeuten. Sie haben das Potential, die sozio-ökonomiche Situation der Bevölkerung zu verbessern. Ziel der Studie war die Identifizierung von internen und externen Faktoren, die bedeutend zur Entscheidung von Haushalten über die Errichtung kleinflächiger Forstplantagen beitragen. Desweiteren sollten der finanzielle Beitrag der Forstplantagen zum Einkommen und zu Strategien der Kleinbauern analysiert werden. Für die Sudie werden Datensätze von 280 zufällig ausgewählten landwirtschaftlichen Haushalten aus fünf Gemeinden im Offinso Distrikt in Ghana erfasst. Die mehrstufig aufgebaute zufällige Auswahltechnik wurde benutzt, um die 165 Haushalte mit Forstplantagen und 115 Haushalten ohne Forstplantagen für die Studie auszuwählen. Mehrere Instrumente, wurden genutzt um die benötigten Daten zu sammeln darunter vor allem semi-strukturierte Befragungen, fokusierte Gruppendiskussionen, Wohlstandsranking der Haushalte und eine Forstinventur. Ergebnisse einer logistischen Regressionsanalyse ergaben, dass das Alter des Haushaltsvorstands, die Anzahl der Ausbildungsjahre des Haushaltsvorstands, die Anzahl der im Haushalt vorhandenen Arbeitskräfte, die Größe des dem Haushalt zur Verfügung stehenden Ackerlandes, das Eigentum an Ackerland, verfügbare nicht-landwirtschaftlich nutzbare Flächen und die Teilnahme der Haushalte an Projekten zur Forstplantagenentwicklung die wichtigsten internen Faktoren für die Entscheidung der Kleinbauern zur Errichtung von kleinflächiger Forstpantagen darstellen. Andererseits beeinflussten externe Faktoren wie das Vorhandensein von Markt und Käufern für Produkte der Forstplantagen und die Zufriedenheit der Haushalte mit den gebotenen Marktpreisen für diese Produkte die Entscheidung der Kleinbauern zur Errichtung von Forstplantagen positiv. Demgegenüber beeinflussten Verbote und einschränkende Regelungen zur Ernte und zum Transport von Bäumen auf Privatland und die Unsicherheit bezüglich des Eigentums an den Bäumen als Ergebniss unklarer politischer Vorgaben die Entscheidung zur Errichtung von kleinflächiger Forstplantagen auf Ackerland negativ. Das Ergebniss der Analyse verschiedene Haushaltseinkommensquellen zeigt, dass das Jahreseinkommen der Haushalte mit Forstplantagen höher ist als das der Haushalte ohne Forstplantagen. Der Beitrag zum Jahreseinkommen aus dem Verkauf von Produkten der kleinflächiger Forstplantagen betrug im Durchschnitt 273,6 USD in einer landwirtschaftlichen Saison. Dies entsprach 17,6 % des gesamten Haushaltseinkommens und stellte somit die zweitwichtigste Einkommensquelle nach der Landwirtschaft dar. Die Rentabilität der verschiedenen Landnutzungsarten wurde mit der Kapitalwertmethode (Net Present Value) ermittelt. Diese vergleichende Analyse zeigte, dass kleinflächiger Forstplantagen auf Agrarland bei gleichzeitigem Anbau von Nahrungsmittel die profitabelste Art der Landnutzung für die Haushalte im Vergeich zu ausschließlichem Teakanbau und zum Anbau von Mais mit Kochbanane ist. Die Ergebnisse der Studie unterstreichen das Potential kleinflächiger Forstplantagen, einen Beitrag zur Steigerung des gesamten Haushaltseinkommens und zur Verbesserung des Lebensstandards der Haushalte leisten zu können

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10

He, Jizheng, i n/a. "Molecular Biological Studies of Soil Microbial Communities Under Different Management Practices in Forest Ecosystems of Queensland". Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060309.095702.

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Soil microorganisms play important roles in maintaining soil quality and ecosystem health. Development of effective methods for studying the composition, diversity, and behavior of microorganisms in soil habitats is essential for a broader understanding of soil quality. Forest management strategies and practices are of vital significance for sustainable forest production. How the different forest management measures will influence soil microbial communities is a widespread concern of forest industry and scientific communities. Only a small proportion (~0.1%) of the bacteria from natural habitats can be cultured on laboratory growth media. Direct extraction of whole-community DNA from soil, followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and other analysis circumvents the problems of the culture-dependent methods and may shed light on a broader range of microbial communities in the soil. DNA-based molecular methods rely on high quality soil microbial DNA as template, and thus extraction of good quality DNA from soil samples has been a challenge because of the complex and heterogeneous nature of the soil matrix. The objectives of this research were to establish a set of DNA-based molecular methods and to apply them to investigate forest soil microbial composition and diversity. Soil samples were collected from different forest ecosystems, i.e., the natural forest (YNF) and the first rotation (~ 50 years) (Y1R) and the second rotation (~ 1 year) (Y2R) of hoop pine plantations at Yarraman, and from different forest residue management practices (the experiments had established 6.4 years before the samples were collected) at Gympie, two long-term experimental sites of the Queensland Department of Primary Industry-Forestry in subtropical Queensland, Australia. Some DNA-based molecular techniques, including DNA extraction and purification, PCR amplification, DNA screening, cloning, sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, were explored using Yarraman soil samples, which were high in organic matter, clay and iron oxide contents. A set of methods was assembled based on the recommendations of the method development experiments and applied to the investigations of the microbial composition and diversity of the Yarraman and Gympie soil samples. Four soil DNA extraction methods, including the Zhou method (Zhou et al., 1996), the Holben method (Holben, 1994), the UltraClean (Mo Bio) and FastDNA (Bio 101) soil DNA extraction kits, were explored. It was necessary to modify these methods for Yarraman soil. I designed and introduced a pre-lysis buffer washing step, to partially remove soil humic substances and promote soil dispersion. This modification greatly improved the quality of the extracted DNA, decreasing co-extracted humic substances by 31% and increasing DNA yield by 24%. The improved Holben method was recommended for fungal community studies, and the improved Zhou method for bacterial community studies. The extracted DNA was good in quality, with a consistent size of ~20 kb and a yield of 48-87 g g-1 soil, and could be successfully used for 16S (Zhou method) and 18S (Holben method) rDNA amplifications. For less difficult environmental samples, UltraClean kits could be a good option, because they are simple and fast and the extracted DNA are also of good quality. Screening of the DNA PCR products using TGGE, Heteroduplex-TGGE and SSCP was also explored. These methods were not so effective for the screening of the soil DNA PCR products, owing to the difficulty in interpretation of the results. Cloning was a necessary step to obtain a single sequence at species level in soil microbial community studies. The screening of the clone library by TGGE, Heteroduplex-TGGE and SSCP could only separate the clones into several major bands, although SSCP gave better separation. Sequencing of selected clones directly from the clone library obtained ultimate results of microbial taxonomic composition and diversity through well-established sequence analysis software packages and the databases. It was recommended that, in this project with the target of microbial community composition and diversity, soil DNA PCR products were directly cloned to construct clone libraries and a sample of clones were sequenced to achieve an estimate of the taxonomic composition of the soil. Fungal communities of the Yarraman soil samples under the natural forest (YNF) and the hoop pine plantations (YHP) were investigated using 18S rDNA based cloning and sequencing approaches. Twenty-eight clone sequences were obtained and analysed. Three fungal orders, i.e., Zygomycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were detected from the YNF and YHP samples. By contrast, culture-based analyses of fungi in the literature were mostly Ascomycetes. YNF appeared to have more Ascomycota but less Zygomycota than YHP, and within the Zygomycota order, YHP had more unidentified species than YNF. Bacterial communities of Yarraman soil samples of YNF, Y1R and Y2R were investigated using 16S rDNA-based cloning and sequencing approaches. 305 16S rDNA clone sequences were analysed and showed an overall bacterial community composition of Unclassified bacteria (34.4%), Proteobacteria (22.0%), Verrucomicrobia (15.7%), Acidobacteria (10.2%), Chloroflexi (6.9%), Gemmatimonadetes (5.6%), and Actinobacteria (5.2%). There was a significant difference among YNF, Y1R and Y2R in the taxonomic group composition. YNF had a greater proportion of Acidobacteria (18.0%), Verrucomicrobia (23.0%) and Chloroflexi (9.0%) than Y1R and Y2R (corresponding to 6.3%, 12.1% and 5.9%, respectively), while Y1R and Y2R had a higher percentage of the Unclassified group (38.5% for Y1R and 46.5% for Y2R) than YNF (18.0%). For the Proteobacteria group, YNF had more Alpha-subdivision but Y1R and Y2R had more Delta-subdivision. From YNF to Y1R to Y2R, the clone sequence variable site ratios, 5% and 10% OTU numbers and Shannon's diversity index H' values tended to decrease, indicating the soil bacterial diversity decreased from the natural forest to the first and the second rotation hoop pine plantations. The large amount of unclassified clone sequences could imply a novel group of bacteria in the soil, particularly in the hoop pine soil samples. Alternatively they may result from artefacts during the PCR process. Bacterial communities of the Gympie soil under different residue management practices, i.e., residue (litter plus logging residue) removed (G0R), residue retained (G1R), and residue doubled (G2R), were also investigated using the 16S rDNA-based cloning and sequencing approaches. Acidobacteria (37.6%) and Proteobacteria (35.6%, including Alpha-subdivision of 29.9% and Gamma-subdivision of 5.7%) were dominant components of the communities, followed by Actinobacteria (14.7%), Verrucomicrobia (7.3%) and Unclassified bacteria. There was no significant difference among G0R, G1R and G2R in the bacterial community compositions and diversity. These findings provided an in-depth vision of the soil microbial communities under different forest management practices. Their combination with other soil analysis results, such as physical and chemical properties, and forest production data, could provide an improved understanding of sustainable forest management strategies.

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11

He, Jizheng. "Molecular Biological Studies of Soil Microbial Communities Under Different Management Practices in Forest Ecosystems of Queensland". Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367075.

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Soil microorganisms play important roles in maintaining soil quality and ecosystem health. Development of effective methods for studying the composition, diversity, and behavior of microorganisms in soil habitats is essential for a broader understanding of soil quality. Forest management strategies and practices are of vital significance for sustainable forest production. How the different forest management measures will influence soil microbial communities is a widespread concern of forest industry and scientific communities. Only a small proportion (~0.1%) of the bacteria from natural habitats can be cultured on laboratory growth media. Direct extraction of whole-community DNA from soil, followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and other analysis circumvents the problems of the culture-dependent methods and may shed light on a broader range of microbial communities in the soil. DNA-based molecular methods rely on high quality soil microbial DNA as template, and thus extraction of good quality DNA from soil samples has been a challenge because of the complex and heterogeneous nature of the soil matrix. The objectives of this research were to establish a set of DNA-based molecular methods and to apply them to investigate forest soil microbial composition and diversity. Soil samples were collected from different forest ecosystems, i.e., the natural forest (YNF) and the first rotation (~ 50 years) (Y1R) and the second rotation (~ 1 year) (Y2R) of hoop pine plantations at Yarraman, and from different forest residue management practices (the experiments had established 6.4 years before the samples were collected) at Gympie, two long-term experimental sites of the Queensland Department of Primary Industry-Forestry in subtropical Queensland, Australia. Some DNA-based molecular techniques, including DNA extraction and purification, PCR amplification, DNA screening, cloning, sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, were explored using Yarraman soil samples, which were high in organic matter, clay and iron oxide contents. A set of methods was assembled based on the recommendations of the method development experiments and applied to the investigations of the microbial composition and diversity of the Yarraman and Gympie soil samples. Four soil DNA extraction methods, including the Zhou method (Zhou et al., 1996), the Holben method (Holben, 1994), the UltraClean (Mo Bio) and FastDNA (Bio 101) soil DNA extraction kits, were explored. It was necessary to modify these methods for Yarraman soil. I designed and introduced a pre-lysis buffer washing step, to partially remove soil humic substances and promote soil dispersion. This modification greatly improved the quality of the extracted DNA, decreasing co-extracted humic substances by 31% and increasing DNA yield by 24%. The improved Holben method was recommended for fungal community studies, and the improved Zhou method for bacterial community studies. The extracted DNA was good in quality, with a consistent size of ~20 kb and a yield of 48-87 g g-1 soil, and could be successfully used for 16S (Zhou method) and 18S (Holben method) rDNA amplifications. For less difficult environmental samples, UltraClean kits could be a good option, because they are simple and fast and the extracted DNA are also of good quality. Screening of the DNA PCR products using TGGE, Heteroduplex-TGGE and SSCP was also explored. These methods were not so effective for the screening of the soil DNA PCR products, owing to the difficulty in interpretation of the results. Cloning was a necessary step to obtain a single sequence at species level in soil microbial community studies. The screening of the clone library by TGGE, Heteroduplex-TGGE and SSCP could only separate the clones into several major bands, although SSCP gave better separation. Sequencing of selected clones directly from the clone library obtained ultimate results of microbial taxonomic composition and diversity through well-established sequence analysis software packages and the databases. It was recommended that, in this project with the target of microbial community composition and diversity, soil DNA PCR products were directly cloned to construct clone libraries and a sample of clones were sequenced to achieve an estimate of the taxonomic composition of the soil. Fungal communities of the Yarraman soil samples under the natural forest (YNF) and the hoop pine plantations (YHP) were investigated using 18S rDNA based cloning and sequencing approaches. Twenty-eight clone sequences were obtained and analysed. Three fungal orders, i.e., Zygomycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were detected from the YNF and YHP samples. By contrast, culture-based analyses of fungi in the literature were mostly Ascomycetes. YNF appeared to have more Ascomycota but less Zygomycota than YHP, and within the Zygomycota order, YHP had more unidentified species than YNF. Bacterial communities of Yarraman soil samples of YNF, Y1R and Y2R were investigated using 16S rDNA-based cloning and sequencing approaches. 305 16S rDNA clone sequences were analysed and showed an overall bacterial community composition of Unclassified bacteria (34.4%), Proteobacteria (22.0%), Verrucomicrobia (15.7%), Acidobacteria (10.2%), Chloroflexi (6.9%), Gemmatimonadetes (5.6%), and Actinobacteria (5.2%). There was a significant difference among YNF, Y1R and Y2R in the taxonomic group composition. YNF had a greater proportion of Acidobacteria (18.0%), Verrucomicrobia (23.0%) and Chloroflexi (9.0%) than Y1R and Y2R (corresponding to 6.3%, 12.1% and 5.9%, respectively), while Y1R and Y2R had a higher percentage of the Unclassified group (38.5% for Y1R and 46.5% for Y2R) than YNF (18.0%). For the Proteobacteria group, YNF had more Alpha-subdivision but Y1R and Y2R had more Delta-subdivision. From YNF to Y1R to Y2R, the clone sequence variable site ratios, 5% and 10% OTU numbers and Shannon's diversity index H' values tended to decrease, indicating the soil bacterial diversity decreased from the natural forest to the first and the second rotation hoop pine plantations. The large amount of unclassified clone sequences could imply a novel group of bacteria in the soil, particularly in the hoop pine soil samples. Alternatively they may result from artefacts during the PCR process. Bacterial communities of the Gympie soil under different residue management practices, i.e., residue (litter plus logging residue) removed (G0R), residue retained (G1R), and residue doubled (G2R), were also investigated using the 16S rDNA-based cloning and sequencing approaches. Acidobacteria (37.6%) and Proteobacteria (35.6%, including Alpha-subdivision of 29.9% and Gamma-subdivision of 5.7%) were dominant components of the communities, followed by Actinobacteria (14.7%), Verrucomicrobia (7.3%) and Unclassified bacteria. There was no significant difference among G0R, G1R and G2R in the bacterial community compositions and diversity. These findings provided an in-depth vision of the soil microbial communities under different forest management practices. Their combination with other soil analysis results, such as physical and chemical properties, and forest production data, could provide an improved understanding of sustainable forest management strategies.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
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12

Satir, Enes. "Scenario analysis using carbon budget modelling for alternative forest management strategies in Turkey : the case study of Arikaya". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/64186.

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Increasing carbon stock in forests is fundamental for climate change mitigation. Forest carbon management can also play a critical role in keeping forests healthy, while addressing multiple wildlife and human needs. To fulfill this potential, forest management practices require an improved understanding of annual carbon stocks and carbon dynamics. However, this information is oftentimes not properly accounted for in forest management plans, particularly in the case of developing countries. This thesis focuses on a case study in Turkey to demonstrate the potential to enhance Turkish forest management plans by including carbon stock accounting. The Forest Planning Studios Atlas (FPS-Atlas) and the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Service (CBM-CFS3) software programs were used to assess three alternative forest management scenarios in the case study. Carbon stock estimates for each scenario were compared to a baseline based on the current management plan. The first alternative scenario assumed an accelerating harvest rate over time, driven mainly by population growth. The second alternative scenario assumed rehabilitation of non-productive areas, a practice that has been gaining attention in Turkey over the last two decades. The third alternative scenario assumed the rehabilitation practices are combined with a low harvest flow. A carbon price analysis was conducted comparing the baseline with the third alternative scenario. Results showed that accelerating harvest can negatively affect the carbon stocks in a period of one hundred years. Rehabilitation, on the other hand, showed a positive impact on carbon sequestration potential when compared to the baseline after a hundred years. The rehabilitation scenario with low harvest flow showed promising results for international carbon trading. Overall, the methods used in this research proved useful to improve current forest managements strategies in Turkey, particularly in relation to climate change mitigation.
Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate

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Hausman, Constance Elizabeth. "The Ecological Impacts of the Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus Planipennis): Identification of Conservation and Forest Management Strategies". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1291002276.

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Wagner, Sven, Susanna Nocentini, Franka Huth i Marjanke Hoogstra-Klein. "Forest Management Approaches for Coping with the Uncertainty of Climate Change: Trade-Offs in Service Provisioning and Adaptability". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-147145.

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The issue of rapid change in environmental conditions under which ecosystem processes and human interventions will take place in the future is relatively new to forestry, whereas the provision of ecosystem services, e.g., timber or fresh water, is at the very heart of the original concept of forest management. Forest managers have developed ambitious deterministic approaches to provide the services demanded, and thus the use of deterministic approaches for adapting to climate change seem to be a logical continuation. However, as uncertainty about the intensity of climate change is high, forest managers need to answer this uncertainty conceptually. One may envision an indeterministic approach to cope with this uncertainty; but how the services will be provided in such a concept remains unclear. This article aims to explore the fundamental aspects of both deterministic and indeterministic approaches used in forestry to cope with climate change, and thereby point out trade-offs in service provisioning and adaptability. A forest owner needs to be able to anticipate these trade-offs in order to make decisions towards sustainable forest management under climate change.

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Barreiro, Susana Miguel. "Development of forest simulation tools for assessing the impact of different management strategies and climatic changes on wood production and carbon sequestration for Eucalyptus in Portugal". Doctoral thesis, ISA/UTL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5216.

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Doutoramento em Engenharia Florestal e dos Recursos Florestais - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
The present work had as main objective developing tools capable of simulating the evolution of Eucalyptus globulus forests in Portugal taking into account disturbance factors, such as market demands, hazards occurrence, land use changes, forest management and/or climate changes. Some conceptual work was done concerning the definition of different forest management alternatives while at the same time the E. globulus current management was described. SIMPLOT, a regional simulator based on national forest inventory plots was developed and validated. This simulation tool, mainly driven by wood and biomass demands, takes into account the occurrence of hazards, land use changes and the changes between different forest management alternatives allowing accessing its long-term impacts, namely on wood production and carbon sequestration. Some of the empirical growth models available for this species in Portugal were integrated into this simulator. However, the need to forecast the growth of highly stocked stands managed for bioenergy lead to the development of a new model. In order to account for climate changes, a process-based model was required. Therefore, the applicability of 3PG process-based model at a regional scale was tested for planted and coppice stands. Two forest level simulators, 3PG-Out+ and GLOBULUS, were developed along this study.

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Duda, Henriette Abigail Aline. "Vergleich forstlicher Managementstrategien". Doctoral thesis, Norderstedt : Books on Demand, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B0F0-A.

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Scheepers, Kelly. "Harvesting strategies of fuelwood and kraalwood users at Machibi : identifying the driving factors and feedbacks". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007167.

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Forest and woodland ecosystems provide a variety of natural resources such as fuelwood, brushwood and kraal posts to local communities, as well as possess important cultural and spiritual value. However, many forests and woodlands worldwide have been unsustainably used and managed. Thus, under pressure from the international conservation community to recognise the importance of people's relationships with their surrounding natural environment, particularly for the natural resources it can provide, and given a move away from the management of forests and woodlands for sustained yields, and according to simple cause and effect models, in favour of systems approaches, South Africa has developed some of the most progressive natural resource management policies in the world. Nevertheless, for these policies to be sensitive to local contexts, there remains a need for a better understanding of how local people in different contexts, determine forest and woodland ecosystems to be of use to them, and what 'usefulness' means to different groups of resources users. This is a case study, which examines the role of fuelwood, brushwood and kraal posts in the rural livelihoods of the people of Machibi village, located in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa, through people's preferences for particular landscapes and species, accessed for these purposes, and the trade-offs people make between resource availability and resource accessibility. Key objectives of the study are to 1) determine the preferred landscapes and species for fuelwood, brushwood and kraal posts at Machibi, 2) determine the landscapes and species actually used for fuelwood, brushwood and kraal posts, and 3) with the help of a conceptual model, and using iterative modelling as a tool, determine the factors that influence people's harvesting strategies in terms of the costs and benefits associated with the different landscape and species options. On the basis of this knowledge, the study provides some guiding principles for the better use and management of these landscapes and species for fuelwood, brushwood and kraal posts. An innovative research approach and methodology that integrates social and ecological systems, works across disciplines, and draws on different types of knowledge is used to develop and test a conceptual model of the harvesting strategies of fuelwood and kraalwood users at Machibi. Participatory methods such as workshops, participatory resource mapping, ranking exercises and trend-lines were used to tap into local knowledge while plotless vegetation sampling and GIS maps were used to capture the scientific information. Results showed that people did not always use the landscapes and species they preferred. However, the local people did behave in a rational manner by weighing up the returns from harvesting and accessibility costs associated with the respective options available to them, before selecting the option(s) associated with the greatest net benefits. At the landscape level, people made trade-offs between the returns from harvesting and the accessibility costs of using particular landscapes in addition to costs associated with the physical work of harvesting fuelwood, brushwood or kraal posts from these landscapes. At the species level, people made trade-offs between the returns from harvesting and the accessibility costs of harvesting particular species for fuelwood, brushwood and kraal posts, or the costs of commercial alternatives. Costbenefit factors that influenced people's resource use patterns also differed across landscapes and species for fuelwood, brushwood and kraal posts, respectively. Consequently, a range of diverse and flexible management options and strategies is recommended for the wise use and management of these landscapes and species, focused on short, medium and long term goals. These strategies examine the use of cost - benefit incentives to influence people’s landscape and species use patterns.

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Carlsson, Stefan. "Strategisk management för privata skogsägare : En metod för proaktiv skogsförvaltning efter stormarna Gudrun och Per". Thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1530.

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Familjeskogsbruket har sällan någon anledning att bekymra sig om grundläggande förändringar av verksamhetens inriktning.

I ett slag har dock situationen förändrats för skogsägarna i de stormdrabbade områdena. Den uppkomna situationen gör att många olika beslut måste tas som kommer att forma skogsfastigheten i flera decennier. Det finns därför ett behov av att kunna styra skogsgårdens verksamhet så att varje enskilt beslut bildar ett enhetligt mönster mot ett gemensamt mål. Ett sätt att göra det på är att använda teorierna kring strategisk management och applicera dessa på familjeskogsbruken.

Denna rapport har utgått från gängse metodik vid strategiframtagning och målsättningsarbete. Olika metoder och verktyg beskrivs till sitt innehåll och syfte. Därefter samlas ett antal metoder i ett arbetsflöde som passar behoven för skogsgårdens strategiframtagning. Slutligen testas metodiken på en speciell skogsgård i det storm-drabbade området

För att få kontinuitet i förändringsarbetet så har en återkommande revidering av strategiarbetet föreslagits. Det är bara genom ett enträget och långsiktigt arbete som gamla vanor och arbetsprocesser kan förändras.

The family forest farms do seldom have any reason to worry about basic changes of the business plan.

In an instant, that has been changed for the forest owners in the region that was hardest hit by the storm. The situation at hand calls for a lot of different decisions to be taken that will shape the forest estate for several decades. There is a need for controlling the forest farm business so that each individual decision is forming a uniform pattern against a defined objective. One way of doing just that is to use the theories of strategic management and apply those on the family forest farm business.

This report is based on the generic methodology that is used for strategy definition and goal setting. Different methods and tools are described to content and purpose. After that, a couple of methods are used in a work flow that fit the needs when developing the strategies for the forest farm. As a last step, the methodology is tested on a special forest farm that is situated in the storm hit region.

To achieve continuity in the change process, a reoccurring assessment of the strategy work has been proposed. It is only by dedicated and consistent work that old habits and working processes can be changed.

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Mouloungui, Armel. "Gouvernance des ressources forestières au gabon : acteurs et enjeux". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01004403.

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Couvert à plus de 80% de forêt tropicale, et dans le contexte du spectre de l'épuisement du pétrole, le Gabon est confronté au défi d'assurer un équilibre entre exploitation et préservation de ses ressources. Les politiques qui en découlent sont largement orientées par les engagements pris par le gouvernement pour répondre aux injonctions internationales, mais aussi à la pression des bailleurs de fonds et aux promoteurs du développement durable (ONG internationales, fondations, organismes de coopération...). Cette orientation vers une gestion durable des forêts a ainsi conduit le pays à des réformes considérables : nouveaux modes de gouvernance (avec l'implication de " nouveaux " acteurs aux ambitions diverses), nouveau code forestier, nouvelle organisation des institutions, nouveaux modes d'usages des forêts. Une rupture semble être marquée ici avec une gestion héritée des indépendances, voire de l'époque coloniale. Entre revendication d'une souveraineté nationale et gestion d'une ressource qui touche à des enjeux planétaires, la gouvernance des forêts s'avère complexe pour un État aux moyens techniques et financiers limités. Les espaces forestiers et les populations qui en dépendent deviennent ainsi le terrain d'affrontements de stratégies diverses, parfois divergentes, souvent calquées sur des modèles ne correspondant pas toujours à la réalité socio-culturelle locale, mais légitimées par le seul label de gestion durable. Notre thèse donne des clés de lecture sur cette gouvernance et sur les dynamiques des politiques forestières au Gabon, en mettant l'accent sur l'observation de certains acteurs. S'il est souvent admis que les États forestiers du sud sont sous l'emprise de puissantes ONG internationales, symboles d'une gouvernance prescrite et d'une ingérence écologique, notre étude montre que la présence de ces nouveaux acteurs peut aussi témoigner d'une stratégie des gouvernements du sud pour la reconquête de leurs ressources et de leurs territoires. De dominants à dominés, on passe à une relation de gagnants à gagnants, au péril parfois d'une population locale instrumentalisée et résignée. En abordant les jeux et le rôle des acteurs pour comprendre le territoire, cette thèse offre des perspectives pour porter un nouveau regard sur la gestion des ressources forestières au Gabon.

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Berhane, Ogbamichael Hermon. "The alignment of customer relationship management (CRM) strategies with overall organizational forces and strategies". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50466.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems are increasingly becoming strategic business imperatives to organizations. This thesis states that many companies do fail to get the intended returns from CRM infrastructures simply because they see CRM as merely technological solutions to attracting and retaining customers while failing to see it as a business strategy and integrated into the business model or concept. In the first chapter, the review of literature about CRM, the aims, specific objectives, and methodology used to finalize this paper, problems and challenges surrounding CRM systems are discussed. The second chapter consists of the definition of CRM systems from various multi-disciplinary perspectives as taken from different authors. Besides, the nature, potential benefits and costs to both customers and organizations, and the different types of CRM programs are discussed in detail. In chapter three, the need to integrate CRM strategies into organizational corporate strategy and competitive strategies of various functions of an organization are discussed. Besides, the customer segmentation strategies and market segmentation strategies are explained. In chapter four, the relationships between CRM strategies and the various organizational forces such as organizational culture, structure, business processes, and measuring process re-engineering are discussed. In chapter five, the alignment of support technologies with CRM strategies is discussed in detail. The sections in the chapter include the role of ICTs in CRM systems, the use of Customer Knowledge Management (CKM) in CRM strategies, Customer data analysis, the role of data marts in CRM projects, computer system architecture and data storage management, data sources for CRM purposes, the role of database management systems in CRM systems, the role of customer contact points in CRM systems, database structures for CRM infrastructure, and the use of data mining for data analysis and information delivery. In Chapter six, the need to establish value-adding processes and the creation of value in CRM systems to both customers and organizations are mentioned as the main requirements in CRM strategies. Such sub-topics in this chapter include the customer value proposition, determination of acquisition and retention strategies and customer net value, customer service excellence, the relationship between value-adding services and personalized treatment of customers, and loyalty programs. In Chapter seven, the reasons for customer defection and the mechanisms to prevent the defection possibilities are discussed. Then, the thesis is summarized and concluded.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Klanteverhoudingsbestuurstelsels - hierna verwys as CRM-stelsels - word toenemend belangrik vir die strategiese besigheidsbelang van organisasies. Hierdie tesis sal poog om te toon dat baie maatskapye CRM bloot as 'n tegnologiese oplossing beskou en derhalwe nie daarin slaag om met hul CRM-infrastruktuur beoogde organisasie doelwitte te behaal nie. CRM word meesal beskou as 'n tegnologiese hulpmiddel om kliente te bekom en te behou, en nie as 'n besigheidstrategie wat in die besigheidsmodel en -konsep geintergreer behoort te word nie. Die eerste hoofstuk, dek 'n literatuur-oorsig oor CRM, stel sekere spesifieke doelwitte met die studie, bespreek die metodologie wat vir die studie hieroor gebruik is en stel die probleme en uitdagings rondom CRM stelselimplementering. Die tweede hoofstuk handel oor die definisies van CRM-stelsels gesien vanuit die perspektiewe van verskillende outeurs. Verder word die aard, potensiele voordele en koste vir beide kliente en organisasies tov die implementering van CRM, asook die verskillende tipes CRM programme wat beskikbaar is, bespreek. In hoofstuk drie, word die belangrikheid om CRM strategiee met die van die organisasie se kooperatiewe en mededingende strategie te intergreer en te belyn, beklemtoon. Verder word verskeie mark-segmentasie strategiee bespreek. In hoofstuk vier gaan die bespreking oor die verband tussen CRM strategiee en die verskillende organisasie faktore soos organisasiekultuur, organisasiestruktuur, besigheidsprosesse. Die meting en beheer van die interverwantskappe van hierdie faktore word op grond van besigheidsprosesheringeneurings- (BPR) beginsels bespreek. In hoofstuk vyf word die inlynstelling/belyning van ondersteuningstegnologiee met CRM strategiee deeglik bespreek. Die afdelings van hierdie hoofstuk behels die bespreking van die rol van Inligtings Kommunikasie Tegnologie (ICTs) in CRM stelsels, die gebruik van Kliente Kennisbestuur (CKB) in CRM strategiee, klient-data analisering, die rol van data-marts in CRM projekte, rekenaarstelsel argitektuur en databergingsbestuur, data bronne vir CRM doeleindes, die rol van databasisbestuurstelsels (DBMS) in CRM, die rol van klient kontak punte, databasis-strukture vir CRM infrastruktuur, en die gebruik van datadelwings- (data-mining) tegnieke vir data analisering en inligtingsontdekking. Hoofstuk ses bespreek die behoefte om waardetoevoegende prosesse te implementeer, en om die skepping van waarde uit CRM stelsels vir beide die klient en die organisasie as die vernaamste doelwitvereiste vir 'n CRM stategie te vestig. Verder behels die onderwerpe in hierdie hoofstuk, die klient waarde-aanbod/proposisie, die bepaling van klientwerwing en -behoud strategiee, die bepaling van klient se netto-waarde, die vestiging van 'n klientediens uitnemendheidsprogram, die verband tussen waardetoevoegende dienste, die verpersoonlike hantering van kliente, en laastens die vestiging van lojaliteitsprogramme. In die finale hoofstuk word die redes vir klientedros/defeksie en die meganisme om die moontlikheid daarvan te verhoed bespreek. Daarna volg 'n opsomming en word sekere gevolgtrekkings gemaak.

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Travis-Johnson, Cheryl. "Mortgage Regulations and Compliance Strategies". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6285.

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In 2010, regulators established new rules for single-family mortgage services that tightened the loan amount consumers could qualify for, restricted fees lenders could charge, and placed numerous financial penalties for improper servicing of loans. Regulatory fee restrictions made it difficult for leaders to offset the compliance costs through the price of services provided. Leaders responsible for mortgage regulatory compliance experienced increased operating costs for single-family mortgage services due to the new regulations, and some leaders found it challenging to comply and remain competitive. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies leaders in the single-family mortgage services industry used to comply with federal regulations and remain competitive. The study population included 5 leaders responsible for single-family mortgage regulatory compliance from the southwestern and northern regions of the United States Porter's 5 forces analysis was the conceptual framework. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and analysis of data from a website hosted by government regulators. Data were analyzed using color-coded transcriptions, methodological triangulation, member checking, and coding software. Themes that emerged from data analysis revealed that costs and control methods for regulatory compliance strategies required leaders to change their infrastructure to remain competitive and profitable. The implication of this study for positive social change relates to competitive pricing for single-family mortgage loans for consumers yielding an increase in home ownership.

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Rock, Joachim. "Klimaschutz und Kohlenstoff in Holz : Vergleich verschiedener Strategien". Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1753/.

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Wälder haben im Bezug zum Klimawandel mehrere Rollen: Sie sind Kohlenstoffspeicher, -senken, sowie Lieferanten von Holz als Rohstoff für die Kohlenstoffspeicher in Produkten und für Substitution fossiler Energieträger. Unter Klimaschutzgesichtspunkten ist es wünschenswert, die Kohlenstoffbindung im Gesamtsystem aus Senken, Speichern und Substitution zu maximieren und zu entscheiden, welche Maßnahme an welchem Ort und unter welchen Rahmenbedingungen den größten positiven Effekt auf die CO2-Bilanz hat. Um die Speicherung in den verschiedenen Kompartimenten erfassen zu können müssen geeignete Inventurverfahren zur Verfügung stehen. Die IPCC – GPG benennen die Speicher und geben zum Teil Anforderungen an die zu erreichende Inventurgenauigkeit. Aus der klassischen Forsteinrichtung stehen genügend Methoden zur Verfügung, um das oberirdische Volumen sehr genau zu erheben. Um den Anforderungen an ein umfassendes Kohlenstoffmonitoring genügen zu können, müssen diese Verfahren in den Bereichen Erfassung von Störungsfolgen, Totholzdynamik, Boden und der Berechnung von Gesamt-Kohlenstoffvorräten aus dem Holzvolumen ergänzt werden. Zusätzlich bietet sich an, Bewirtschaftungsmaßnahmen entsprechend zu erfassen, um ihre Auswirkung auf die Kohlenstoffdynamik ebenfalls feststellen zu können. Dies ist für die Berichterstattung zwischen Inventuren sowie für die Herausrechnung von nicht-menschenverursachter erhöhter Kohlenstoffspeicherung („factoring out“ im Sinne des KP) wünschenswert. Wenn Bewirtschaftungsmaßnahmen unterschieden werden können und ihre Auswirkungen auf C-Vorräte bestimmbar sind, ist eine Verifizierung erhöhter Speicherung auch z. B. für Projekte nach Art. 3.4 des KP durchführbar. Diese Arbeiten stecken jedoch noch in der Anfangsphase. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde die erste verfügbare qualitative Übersicht zu dieser Thematik erstellt. Die Optimierung der Wald-Holz-Option wird durch die im Kyoto-Protokoll (und den zugehörigen Folgeabkommen) vereinbarten Regelungen erschwert, da einerseits zwischen Wald und Produkten eine Trennung besteht und andererseits die Maßnahmenverantwortlichem im Wald nicht direkt durch das KP angesprochen werden. Eingeschlagenes Holz wird im Wald als Emission betrachtet und dem entsprechenden Sektor zugerechnet, was jedoch keine Auswirkungen auf den Forstbetrieb hat. Dieser profitiert im Gegenteil derzeit von der durch die – auch von KP Regelungen beeinflussten – Holzpreise und erhöht die Nutzungen, was zu Vorratsabsenkungen im Wald führt. Ob diese Absenkungen durch die Substitutionseffekte des geernteten Holzes kompensiert werden ist derzeit noch nicht geklärt. Um die Trennung zwischen Wald und Produktpool aufzuweichen bietet es sich an, die Waldbesitzer am Emissionsrechtehandel teilhaben zu lassen, damit nicht nur die Ernte sondern auch der Ernteverzicht finanziell bewertbar sind. Sozio-ökonomische Szenarien zur künftigen Entwicklung der Landwirtschaft zeigen große Flächenpotentiale, die für die Nahrungs- und Futtermittelproduktion nicht mehr benötigt werden oder nicht mehr rentabel sein werden. Eine mögliche Nutzung in Zukunft sind Energieholzplantagen. Informationen zu möglichen Erträgen sind zur Zeit noch unzureichend und Analysen zur Nachhaltigkeit dieser Erträge unter Klimawandel sind nicht vorhanden. In dieser Arbeit wurde mit dem ökophysiologischen Waldwachstumsmodell 4C an Beispielsstandorten in Brandenburg das Wachstum von Energieholzplantagen unter derzeitigem Klima und unter verschiedenen regionalisierten Klimawandelszenarien bis 2055 simuliert. Ertragspotentiale liegen derzeit auf der Mehrzahl der Standorte im positiven Bereich, auf einigen Standorten ist jedoch nur begrenzt mit positiven Deckungsbeiträgen zu rechnen. Bis 2055 ist in allen Szenarien mit einem leichten Rückgang der Erträge und einer deutlicheren Verringerung der Grundwasserneubildung unter Energieholzplantagen zu rechnen. Die Unterschiede zwischen Standorten sind jedoch derzeit und unter zukünftig möglichem Klima stärker als klimabedingte Änderungen. Bei der großflächigen Anlage von Energieholzplantagen können negative Auswirkungen auf die Biodiversität und andere Naturschutzbelange eintreten. Eine diese Effekte abmildernde Flächengestaltung, die trotzdem Erträge auf dem Niveau heutiger Vollerwerbslandwirtschaft erreicht, ist möglich. Insgesamt lässt sich für die Optimierung der Wald-Holz-Option feststellen, dass eine Nicht-Nutzung bestehender Waldflächen unter Klimaschutzgesichtspunkten negativ ist. Der Substitutionseffekt geernteten Holzes beträgt zusätzliche ca. 70 Prozent Kohlenstoff, die in dieser Form in nicht bewirtschafteten mitteleuropäischen Wäldern nicht zusätzlich gespeichert werden. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass sich durch die Berücksichtigung von Substitutionseffekten andere – wahrscheinlich kürzere – als die heute üblichen Produktionszeiten ergeben. Auf bisher waldfreien Flächen ist die Anlage von Energieholzplantagen positiver zu werten als eine normale Aufforstung.
Forests are important for climate protection: They sequester and store carbon, and provide timber for wood products and fossil fuel substitution. These functions interact in a complex way. From a climate protection point of view it is desirable to optimize these interactions, i.e. to maximize the amount of carbon stored in the whole system (called „forest-timber-option“) and to analyse what impact a management decision at the local level has with regard to the amount of carbon in the atmosphere. Inventory methods to estimate the total amount of carbon in a forest are needed. Classical forest inventories assess above-ground tree volume. To estimate total car-bon in accordance with the requirements of the Kyoto-Protocol, these inventories need to be expanded with regard to the assessment of disturbances, dead wood de-composition, soil carbon, and the estimation of carbon from volume. Methods in-vented here can also be used to assess local-level management activities, or to “fac-tor out” non-human-induced changes in carbon pools. The optimization of the „forest-timber-option“ is restricted due to regulations of the Kyoto-Protocol, because forest-related measures are accounted for under other sec-tors than wood and timber use. Harvested timber is estimated as an “emission” from the forest, and forest owners have no benefit from the use of wood for industrial pur-poses. Here, an inclusion of forestry in emission trading schemes can be advanta-geous. Alternative ways to produce wood are short-rotation coppice plantations on agricul-tural soils. Information about growth and yield potentials are scarce for the regions where land availability is high. Aspen (P. tremula, P. tremuloides) was parameterized in an eco-physiological forest growth model (“4C”) to assess these potentials on sites in Eastern Germany under current and under changing climatic conditions. The re-sults indicate that growth potentials are more sensitive to soil quality than to climatic conditions. Potential yields allow for incomes comparable to standard agriculture, but biodiversity and groundwater recharge may be negatively affected by large-scale plantations. An optimization of the „forest-timber-option“ requests the use of timber from forests. Harvested timber substitutes additional 70 % of carbon from fossil fuels. Forests un-der total protection do store more carbon than managed forest, but not equivalent to the substitution effects. Total protection of forests is thus no viable means for climate protection under Central European conditions.

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Bolineni, Prasad. "The Indian Pharmaceutical Industry's Supply Chain Management Strategies". ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2394.

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Indian pharmaceutical companies spend one-third of their revenue from supply chain management (SCM) activities due to inherently poor transportation infrastructure. SCM is a vital function for many companies, as it is usually employed to lower expenses and increase sales for the company. SCM costs are higher in India than they are in other areas of the world, amounting to 13% of India's GDP. The purpose of this study was to explore SCM strategies Indian business leaders in the pharmaceutical industry have used to reduce the high costs associated with SCM. This study used a single case study research design and semistructured interviews to collect data from 3 SCM business leaders working in Indian pharmaceutical organizations and possessing successful experience in using SCM strategies to reduce high costs. Goldratt's (1990) theory of constraints was used as the conceptual framework for this study to identify challenges associated with SCM strategies. Data from semistructured interviews, observations, and company documents were processed and analyzed using data source triangulation, grouping the raw data into key themes. The following 3 themes emerged: distribution and logistics challenges, impact of SCM processes, and best practices and solutions. The implications for positive social change include the potential to reduce supply chain risk, which could lead to lower product prices for consumers, increased stakeholder satisfaction, and a higher standard of living.

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Chen, Shuang Sophia. "Urban forestry and greening strategies : the case of Nanjing, China /". Hong Kong : University of HOng Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23540163.

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Fleming, Damon M. "The Effects of Management's Forecast Strategy on Venture Capitalist Investment Screening Judgment". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29059.

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Prior research indicates that management forecast strategies affect investors' perceptions of management, which, in turn, influence investors' judgments about the firm. The current study hypothesizes and demonstrates that decisions about the completeness and form of management's forecast disclosure affect venture capitalists' (VCs) investment screening judgments. In an experiment, 53 experienced VCs indicate whether they would recommend conducting due diligence on a new venture. I manipulate the completeness (inclusion vs. omission of quantitative data about the components of earnings) and form (point vs. range forecast values) of management's financial forecasts in a 2 X 2 between-subjects design. When management is more (less) complete in its forecast disclosure, participants make more (less) favorable investment screening judgments. Additionally, when managers provide less complete disclosures, the use of point rather than range forecasts leads to particularly unfavorable screening judgments, whereas when managers provide more complete disclosures, the use of point rather than range forecasts leads to particularly favorable screening judgments. Taken together, these results indicate that the completeness of forecast disclosure increases the favorability of screening judgments and decisions about the form of financial forecasts can offset some of the adverse consequences of less complete disclosure.
Ph. D.

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Rodstrom, Robert Andrew. "Epigeal insect communities & novel pest management strategies in Pacific Northwest hybrid poplar plantations". Thesis, Washington State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3587164.

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Hybrid poplars are a short rotation woody crop grown for a variety of target markets including paper pulp, saw timber, and biofuels in the Pacific Northwest. Development of pest control strategies within hybrid poplar plantations over the last several decades has focused on controlling foliar feeding herbivores and wood boring pests, and has overlooked the epigeal arthropod community. Understanding this unstudied suite of organisms would allow pest managers to better evaluate the impact their management strategies have on the poplar agroecosystem. Qualitative surveys of the arthropod communities in hybrid poplar plantations and nearby native habitats demonstrated that a greater arthropod diversity persists in the surrounding native areas. Additionally, the poplar plantation's epigeal arthropod community was composed of species found within sampled native areas.

Historically poplar research focused on protecting trees in the years following establishment through harvest from emerging pests while discounting cutting mortality by replanting areas of failure. Describing unrooted cutting transplant morality and distribution within newly established planting block could provide a risk assessment tool that growers could utilize to evaluate their potential crop loss. It was determined through the examination of damaged cuttings that several pests were responsible for diminishing establishment success. Identification of these risks led to the development of a management strategy to reduce mortality in newly planted areas. Soaking cuttings in imidacloprid for 48 hrs provided superior herbivore protection for unrooted cuttings until root formation allowed for uptake from chemigation treatments.

An additional study was motivated by the increased concern in growing `clear wood' as poplar has migrated from pulp to saw timber. The accompanying renewed interest in reducing insect galleries in mature trees led to the exploration of deploying a mass trapping, or trap out, effort to reduce populations of Prionoxystus robiniae (Lepidoptera Cossidae) in specific areas of a hybrid poplar plantation. We show that a trap out effort of roughly 5 pheromone-baited traps/ha decimated P. robiniae populations in treated areas throughout the trap out effort and three years post application.

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Brookman, Andrew M. "The investigation of three midwestern national forests for possible habitat and current management strategies of mountain lion (Felis concolor) /". Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1240698761&sid=7&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Martin, Kristin Burke. "Strategies for Sustainability of Nonfranchise Casual Dining Restaurants". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5899.

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In the United States, over 50% of restaurants fail within the first 5 years of operations resulting in approximately $2.1 billion annually in lost national sales revenue. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategies used by owners of nonfranchise, casual dining restaurants to ensure sustainability longer than 5 years. The study was grounded in Porter's 5 forces framework as a lens for identifying effective strategies that promote restaurant sustainability. The data collection process comprised gathering data and information via semistructured interviews with 3 owners of nonfranchise, casual dining restaurants in the mid-Atlantic region who sustained their restaurants for longer than 5 years. Also, a review of archival records, including restaurant websites, newspaper advertisements, social media, and promotional documentation ensued. Member checking ensured the accuracy of participant responses in the data analysis process, and methodological triangulation was used to increase understanding and validity of data. Three themes emerged from data analysis: offering quality food and exceptional service, respecting and encouraging employees, and participating in day-to-day operations. The findings of this study promote positive social change by supporting local farmers, providing nutritious food to consumers, developing positive community relationships, and providing a safe place to socialize and meet friends.

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Ole, Seno Simon Kasaine 1953. "Strategies for enhancing local support for wildlife conservation in Maasai land, Kenya". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282766.

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The primary goal of my study was to evaluate strategies for promoting local support for wildlife conservation in Masai Mara National Reserve (MMNR) and the adjacent group ranches. This was done by determining the effects of the changing land tenure from communal to individual on the Maasai lives and wildlife, and the role of the revenue sharing program in enhancing support for wildlife conservation. The study used local people's suggestions to recommend strategies for improving revenue sharing. A combination of literature review, questionnaire-based surveys and participant observation methods were used to achieve these goals. The maintenance of a viable ecosystem in Mara has succeeded due to the traditionally benign relationship between the Maasai and wildlife. However, various factors continue to strain this relationship. First, increasing human population and encroachment of agriculture has diminished areas available for livestock and wildlife grazing. Second, the absence of compensation for loss of life and property to wildlife and inadequacy of the revenue sharing has increased people's antagonism towards wildlife. Third, since the local people are excluded from the management of MMNR and wildlife in general, they consider these activities external impositions. Fourth, subdivision of group ranches will severely reduce the land available for livestock and wildlife grazing and eliminate the traditional resource sharing strategy that has sustained the Maasai for centuries. This study also revealed that although the Maasai harbor many negative feelings towards MMNR, they consider it an important asset. Further, they are unwilling to give up pastoralism and expect to continue with communal grazing after subdivision which, is good for wildlife conservation. In view of this, I made the following recommendations: implement a regional land management system with a core wildlife area (the reserve) and a wildlife management-pastoral area surrounding the core, and designated zones for agriculture; support the above system with firm government policies and incentives; redesign the revenue sharing program to cover all the affected people; promote policies that encourage diversified wildlife-based enterprises including consumptive use; transfer much of the wildlife management responsibilities to the local people.

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Giacomelli, Sobrinho Valny. "Análise bioeconômica do seqüestro florestal de carbono e da dívida ecológica: uma aplicação ao caso do Rio Grande do Sul". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3712.

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Though heavily criticized, the Kyoto Protocol has stood out as the key political tool in addressing climate change. However the only of its instruments (IET, JI, CDM) that allows industrialized and developing countries to cooperate towards mitigation of GHGs is CDM. The underlying assumption of forestry CDM is that forest plantations (afforestation/ reforestation) might help to remove carbon dioxide (the most representative GHG) emissions. This assumption takes for granted that forest plantations might compensate for the loss of natural forests. Therefore this alleged trade-off constitutes the very focus of this study. Due to high monetary price instability in brand new markets, like the carbon offset one, the analysis abstracts out money variables. Additionally, this engine helps overcome the trap set up by monetary prices as scarcity indicators. Thus, to go along with the bioeconomic analysis, a Gordon-Schaefer fishery-like model is applied to carbon forest sequestration in Rio Grande do Sul. This state is thought of bringing an interesting picture to the analysis of the claimed trade-off between natural and planted forests. This owes both to Rio Grande do Sul s unworthy deforestation rates and to its high natural-to-planted forest ratio. This land use assortment is thought of as if there were two countries or regions: a forest-rich one, where natural forests still remain, and a forest-poor one, where afforestation and/or reforestation takes place. Only physical units (MtC) are used to calculate exchange and interest rates as well as non-monetary prices. Next, a function that assigns the land use to natural and planted forests is arrived at. As such, it works as the emission removal demand. On the other hand, the emission supply function depends on the economic growth rates. The results show that, eventually, the sustainability of economic growth hinges on a region s or country s ecological situation namely, equilibrium, credit or debt. The economic and environmental advantages of each mitigation strategy CDM and natural forest conservation are crosschecked. A nearly 40-year long overshoot rate is, after all, estimated for the forest sector in Rio Grande do Sul. The estimates suggest that CDM might help relieve environmental stress only where ecological credit is reported. Where ecological debt is already on, CDM was found unable to compensate for conservation disregard.
Apesar das críticas que tem sofrido, o Protocolo de Kyoto tem-se constituído na principal ferramenta política para enfrentar a mudança climática. No entanto o único de seus instrumentos (comércio internacional de emissões, implementação conjunta e MDL) que prevê a cooperação entre países industrializados e em desenvolvimento para mitigar as emissões de GEE é o MDL. A modalidade florestal do MDL pressupõe que as plantações florestais (florestamento/reflorestamento) podem ajudar na remoção das emissões de dióxido de carbono (o GEE mais representativo). Esse pressuposto aceita que as plantações florestais podem compensar a perda de florestas naturais. Por isso esse proclamado trade-off constitui o foco principal deste estudo. Devido à grande instabilidade dos preços monetários em mercados incipientes como o do carbono, a análise abstém-se de utilizar variáveis monetárias. De resto, esse artifício ajuda a contornar certas dificuldades decorrentes da utilização dos preços monetários como indicadores de escassez. Assim, a análise bioeconômica prossegue com a aplicação, ao seqüestro florestal de carbono no Rio Grande do Sul, de um modelo similar ao de Gordon-Schaefer, tradicionalmente empregado na gestão da pesca. Por duas razões principais, o caso do Rio Grande do Sul contribui para a análise do suposto trade-off entre florestas naturais e plantadas. Em primeiro lugar, por não se registrarem taxas de desmatamento pronunciadas no estado. Em segundo lugar, pela elevada proporção de florestas naturais em relação às florestas plantadas em seu território. A repartição do uso do solo entre as florestas é utilizada para estudá-las como se representassem nações ou regiões diferentes: uma, rica em florestas, onde as formações florestais nativas permanecem em pé; outra, pobre em florestas, onde as plantações florestais se estabelecem através de florestamento e/ou reflorestamento. Apenas unidades físicas (MtC) são utilizadas para calcular taxas de câmbio, taxas de juro e preços não-monetários. A seguir, deduz-se uma função que reparte o uso da terra entre florestas naturais e plantadas. Essa função equivale à demanda por remoção de emissões. Sua contraparte é a função oferta de emissões, que depende das taxas de crescimento econômico. Os resultados mostram como, em última análise, a sustentação do crescimento econômico está condicionada à situação ecológica (dívida, crédito ou equilíbrio) de um país ou região. Em cada cenário, confrontam-se as vantagens econômicas e ambientais das estratégias do MDL e da conservação de florestas naturais. Além disso, estima-se uma taxa de overshoot para a atividade florestal no Rio Grande do Sul ao longo dos últimos 40 anos aproximadamente. As estimativas sugerem que o MDL pode aliviar pressões ambientais somente onde se registre crédito ecológico. Onde o endividamento ecológico já esteja em curso, o MDL não substitui a conservação.

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Chen, Shuang Sophia, i 陳爽. "Urban forestry and greening strategies: the case of Nanjing, China". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242959.

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Jakes, Lyndabelle. "Success Strategies of Small Business Owners". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4967.

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In the United States, 20% of newly established small businesses, including small businesses in the life insurance industry, fail within 2 years, and over 50% of them fail during the first 5 years. The purpose of this multiple case study was to identify and explore the strategies that life insurance brokerage owners use to sustain business operations beyond 5 years. Porter's 5 forces model served as the conceptual framework for exploring this subject matter. Owners of 3 separate small life insurance brokerage firms in Texas, who sustained their businesses beyond 5 years, participated in semistructured interviews. A secondary source of data was relevant company documents. Methodological triangulation and member checking assured the reliability and validity of the interpretations. Through thematic analysis and supporting software, 5 themes emerged: exceptional customer service, relationship-building, efficient promotional strategies, regular training of salespersons, and hiring the right employees. The application of the findings of the study could contribute to positive social change by reducing unemployment and thereby catalyzing an economic environment supporting employees, families, and communities.

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Abdulkarim, Zahra, i Annelie Malmstedt. "Segmentation model for strategic decision-making to increase customer value : A study of absentee proprietors in the Swedishforest industry as a result of urbanization". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-34248.

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Urbanization is a major factor causing unsupported perceptions within the traditional vision offorest management. Urbanization has led to a reconstruction on forest owners’ economicdependency on the forestry. This contributes in emigration from rural areas to bigger cities.To understand how distant forest owners, manage their forest they need to be segmentedaccording to specific criteria. The purpose of the study is to create a segmentation model thatis theoretically anchored and empirically verified, to increase the customer value and maptheir different needs. Through the purpose a research question was developed: How can asegmentation model for absentee proprietors within the forest industry be developed toincrease the customer value? A segmentation model provides comprehensive knowledge andinsights about forest owners’ different needs. The empirical data, collected through surveys,was presented individually and some connections could be found. Through these connectionsproperty area and distance were chosen as factors that are appropriate for segmentation. Basedon the segmentation factors a correlation analysis was made to create four demographicsegmentations. The visitors: small area, small distance. Conservationists: small area, largedistance. Investors: large area, small distance. Specifiers: large area, large distance. Theconclusion shows that a segmentation model over absentee proprietors is necessary for thestrategic management in forest companies, when it comes to decisions regarding sales criteria,communication and recommended approaches.

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Lou, Sam Cheong. "Forecasting and decision-making : from demand forecast to strategic planning : a case study of Macau's telecommunications industry". Thesis, University of Macau, 1998. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636751.

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Laš, Jan. "Moderní informační a podnikové strategie". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165230.

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The goal of this paper is to explore corporate and information strategies, focus is put on new and modern business models. I accentuate alignment between corporate and information strategy. Theoretical overview of corporate and information strategies is followed by description of modern trends that were discovered by author. All new trends are analyzed from IT and business point of view. Some trends are demonstrated on real companies in the paper. The analysis consists of corporate strategy and searching for the way how IT can support business and how to be in alignment. Two types of companies are included. First type is company that built up business model based on IT/ICT strategy. The other type includes companies that are running business for longer time and new IT/ICT strategy deployment or better alignment between strategies brought improvement and better market position. The paper includes basic model representing strategic management that is presented at the end. This gives an overview to all readers how the process goes from corporate and information strategy to application portfolio. The paper is destined for professionals and nonprofessionals who are interested in modern strategies. It is also useful for IT/ICT managers when working on own strategies.

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Vokál, Pavel. "Strategická analýza International School of Business and Management". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4056.

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The aim of the thesis is to make a strategic analysis of the newly opened private school by University of Economics, Prague. For analysis of external environment is used PEST model and Porter's model of Five Competitive Forces. Special attention is paid to description of Czech-MBA-schools market. Internal environment is described by analysis of company's resources. Outputs from partial analyses are summarised in SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis serves than for formulation of strategic recommendation to ISBM.

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Crháková, Eva. "Návrh strategie rozvoje malého podniku". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224214.

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The main focus of this thesis is to form a strategy of development of a small LLC company called ABC. The strategic analysis included in this thesis shows the company’s position on the market and its main advantages. The thesis provides a complex strategy of further development according to the corporate vision and the strategic objectives of ABC including the aspects of functional strategies and a detailed schedule of its implementation.

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Burman, Josefine, i Linnea Hosten. "Behovet alltid större än möjligheterna : En fallstudie av de drabbade kommunernas kriskommunikation i samband med branden i Västmanland". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101628.

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The tsunami in Thailand in 2004, 9/11 and hurricane Katrina in New Orleans 2005 are all reminders that no organization is immune to crises, which also means that all organizations should be prepared and know how to handle a crisis if one was to occur. A case study has been conducted, on a crisis regarding a fire that occurred on the 31st of July 2014 in Västmanland, Sweden. Through Qualitative interviews empirical data was gathered and then analyzed together with our theories and previous research. The purpose of the study is to analyze how the municipalities affected and the County Administrative Board of Sweden handled and communicated with/to the public during the fire that spread in Västmanland 2014. Our study shows that a risk analysis and analysis of surroundings is crucial in anticipating a crisis event and that it is essential for organizations to undergo training to prepare organization members on how to handle a crisis. Another conclusion is that the need for information is large during a crisis event and grows throughout the entire course of the crisis. The crisis that we studied had a lack of information, but at the same time the public’s need for information is a need that can’t be satisfied during a crisis. And if the organizations concerned do not satisfy the public’s need for information, rumors will start to disseminate to cater to the public’s needs. Rumors have always been a part of crisis communication but has with today’s technologies assumed a digital form which means that they can spread to a wider group of people. The digital and social media constituted of an essential tool for the affected stakeholders crisis communication and the local radio played an important role in managing the crisis.

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Buchanec, Adam. "Strategie rozvoje rodinného podniku". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-416783.

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The master thesis is focused on strategy of development of family business company Ing. Ján Buchanec Technik, which is trading company. In the first part of the master thesis there are theoretical notes. In the second part there are introduced characteristic of company, individual parts of strategic analysis and evaluation of the results of these analysis. The last part concern recommendation, which should have a positive impact on the further development of the family company.

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Ligurský, Ivo. "Strategie rozvoje rodinného podniku". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-319186.

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The diploma thesis is focused on development strategy for family owned company. The first part of the thesis describes the theoretical knowledge, based on which analytical part is performed, which assesses the current situation and defines the problems that revealed the analysis of the internal and external environment. The last chapter proposes a solution to the current situation. The proces of change takes place using Lewin's change model and an implementation schedule is compiled.

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Ottosson, Mikael. "Opposition and Adjustment to Industrial‘Greening’ : The Swedish Forest Industry’s (Re)Actions regarding Energy Transition – 1989-2009". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema teknik och social förändring, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-66267.

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This thesis analyses how the Swedish forest industry has (re)acted regarding the energy transition and, in particular, regarding the reconstruction of the electricity and forest resources in Sweden during the 1989–2009 period. The thesis consists of four papers that analyse how the Swedish forest industry by means of energy management practices at individual pulp and/or paper mills, in corporate strategies performed by CEOs and boards of directors, and via its industry association, has dealt with mounting political and public demands for the industry to become ‘greener’. At the heart of the thesis are issues related to the industry’s substantial use and management of electricity and forest resources. This thesis focuses on the patterns of conflict and reconstruction that various forest industry representatives (e.g., CEOs) and entities (e.g., mills and resources) have experienced in relation to opposing and/or adjusting to the energy transition. The Swedish forest industry constitutes an illuminating case in a wider research context of how an industry (re)acts regarding increasing environmental and energy-related demands concerning its strategic resources. By using multidisciplinary theoretical concepts when analysing industrial change, this thesis demonstrates the industry’s wider embeddedness in science, policy, and material resources.
Den här sammanläggningsavhandlingen analyserar hur svensk skogsindustri (re)agerat beträffande energiomställningen och särskilt omvandlingen av elektricitets- och skogsresurserna i Sverige, 1989-2009. Avhandlingen består av fyra artiklar vilka analyserar hur svensk skogsindustri, genom energiledning i massa- och pappersbruk, i företagsledningars koncernstrategier, och genom branschorganisationen, hanterat de ökade miljökrav som politiker och allmänhet riktat mot branschen. I centrum för avhandlingen står särskilt frågor relaterade till branschens omfattande användning och hantering av elektricitet och skogsresurser. Mer specifikt fokuserar avhandlingen på de konflikter och förändringar som skogsindustrin genomgått som ett led i motståndet och/eller anpassningen till energiomställningen. Den svenska skogsindustrin utgör ett belysande fall på hur en energiintensiv bransch (re)agerar på ökade miljömässiga krav riktade mot dess energi- och naturresursanvändning. Avhandlingen kan därmed även bidra med kunskap om hur en bransch hanterar förändringskrav riktade mot dess strategiska nyckelresurser. Genom att analysera industriell förändring med multidisciplinära teoretiska begrepp tydliggörs branschens inbäddning i vetenskap, politik, och materiella resurser.

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Van, Zyl Tobey Zanelda. "Managing diversity for a sustainable competitive advantage in the changing European business environment". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5031.

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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study project is to investigate how organisations operating in the European Union (EU) can sustain a competitive advantage amidst the changing European business environment. Due to stiff global competition, organisations are searching for new markets to gain access to lower cost or higher quality inputs and pre-empt competitors that may seek similar advantages. No global competitor can afford not to operate in the EU. The EU is the largest trade bloc in the world with 463,7 million inhabitants as opposed to 282 million inhabitants in the United States of America (USA). The strategic management model described by Thompson and Strickland is adapted and used as a framework for the analysis of the external European business environment. A PESTE analysis reveals that European integration has resulted in momentous political, economic, societal, technological and environmental developments. These have in turn dramatically altered the competitive dynamics on the external European environment. In a competitive analysis of the impact of the major driving forces on Porter's Five Forces the profit making attractiveness of the European environment will be identified. Generic key success factors are identified from the PESTE analysis, driving forces and Porter's Five Forces. Operational effectiveness, the ability to innovate and the European management skill in the management of diversity will provide a sustainable competitive advantage in the European environment. The management of international diversity is an essential element of the European management model. The ability of the European manager in the successful management of a diverse range of consumers, business environments, communications and behavioural styles across different states, is considered Europe's strong suit. A sustainable competitive advantage for organisations in the complex European environment lies in the ability to integrate the inherent diversity. Firstly, the ability to integrate diversity inherent in the fragmented operating structures throughout the various countries will maximize the key success factor of operational effectiveness. Secondly, the ability to integrate the workforce diversity by capturing the inherent value of diverse pockets of knowledge and experiences will achieve synergies. It will also improve the ability to innovate. The latter is the second generic key success factor. The standardized USA approach in managing of international diversity appears to be detrimental to the USA MNCs' competitiveness in developing countries with consumer bases of millions of people. They will have to develop a new mindset and adopt new business models to achieve global competitiveness. It would further appear that the lack of experience in management of international diversity in USA organisations has minimized the ability to innovate. Multinational organisations in the USA are therefore starting to outsource components of their innovative value chain to tap ideas from external sources. European organisations exercise a global strategy approach that reflects the aspirations of a global approach, while the necessity for local adaptations of business activities is at the same time acknowledged. A literature review clearly indicates that the experience of EU organisations in international markets creates a competitive advantage. European integration opens up unexploited opportunities for EU organisations to streamline value chain efficiencies and increase operational effectiveness. The practical research project performed at the Henkel Group in Dusseldorf, Germany, has revealed a strategic fit of the Henkel Group with the changing external environment. Recommendations have been made to align the fragmented Henkel Travel Management processes with the strategic Henkel goal. Increasing operational efficiencies in line with best practices shall contribute significantly to improved operating margins. USA organisations have on average already achieved optimal levels of efficiencies through their global approach in streamlining their value chain activities. They are now focused on increasing innovation to sustain their growth. Organisations in Europe should invest in improving their innovation ability. This major opportunity to obtain a competitive advantage is highly unexploited. Market leadership can be achieved when managers stimulate innovation by accessing diverse pockets of workforce knowledge from different cultural contexts within the EU.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie werkstuk is om ondersoek in te stel op welke wyse organisasies wat in die Europese Unie opereer 'n kompeterende voordeel kan behou te midde van die veranderende Europese besigheidomgewing. Weens stewige globale kompetisie soek organisasies na nuwe markte vir toegang tot laer koste of hoër kwaliteit insette en die voorspring van kompetisie wat soortgelyke voordele inhou. Geen globale mededinger kan bekostig om nie in die Europese Unie te kompeteer nie. Die Europese Unie is die grootste handelsblok ter wêreld met 463,7 miljoen inwoners teenoor 282 miljoen inwoners in die Verenigde State van Amerika (VSA). Die strategiese bestuursmodel soos beskryf deur Thompson en Strickland is gewysig om as 'n raamwerk vir die analisering van die eksteme Europese besigheidsomgewing te dien. 'n PESTE analise openbaar dat Europese integrasie drastiese politieke, ekonomiese, sosiale, tegnologiese en omgewingsveranderinge teweegbring. Dit het op sy beurt weer gelei tot n dramatiese impak op die kompeterende faktore in die eksteme Europese omgewing. In 'n mededingingsontleding van die impak van die belangrikste dryfkragte op Porter se Vyf Kragte sal die winsgewindheid van die Europese omgewing ook hieruit aangedui word. Generiese sleutelsuksesfaktore word afgelei uit die PESTE analise, dryfkragte en Porter se Vyf Kragte. Operasionele doeltreffendheid, die vermoë om te innoveer en die Europese vaardigheid in die bestuur van internasionale diversiteit sal 'n volgehoue mededingingsvoordeel in die Europese omgewing verseker. Die bestuur van internasionale diversiteit is 'n kern element van die Europese bestuursmodel. Die vermoë van die Europese bestuurder om 'n diverse groep van verbruikers, besigheidsomgewings, kommunikasie en gedragstyle oor verskillende lande heen suksesvol te hanteer, word beskou as Europa se sterkpunt. Die volgehoue kompeterende voordeel van organisasies in die komplekse Europese omgewing is opgesluit in die vermoë om diversiteit inherent daarin te kan integreer. Eerstens sal die vermoë om die diversiteit inherent in die gefragmenteerde operasionele strukture regoor die verskillende lande heen te integreer, lei lot optimisering van operasionele doeltreffendheid as 'n generiese sleutelsuksesfaktor. Tweedens sal die vermoë om die diversiteit van die werkers te integreer deur die inherente waarde van diverse kennis en ondervindinge vas te vang, sinergiee bewerkstellig. Dit sal ook die vermoë om te innoveer bevorder. Laasgenoemde is die tweede sleutelsuksesfaktor. Hul standaard benadering in die hantering van internasionale diversiteit blyk nadelig te wees vir die VSA se multinasionale organisasies wat in ontwikkelende lande meeding om verbruikersmarkte van miljoene. 'n Paradigmaskuif word benodig om 'n wêreldwye mededingingsvoordeel te bereik. Dit blyk voorts dat die gebrek aan ondervinding in die hantering van internasionale diversiteit ook die innoverende vermoë benadeel het. Multinasionale organisasies in die VSA het begin om komponente van die innoverende waardeketting uit te kontrakteer om innovasie van eksterne bronne af te verkry. Europese multinasionale organisasies pas 'n globale benadering toe wat die aspirasies van 'n globale strategie kombineer met die aanpassing van besigheidsaktiwiteite uniek tot die plaaslike omstandighede. 'n Literatuurstudie wys duidelik uit dat die ondervinding van Europese Unie organisasies in internasonale markte tot 'n mededingingsvoordeel lei. Europese integrasie skep geleenthede vir organisasles in die Europese Unie om waardekettings regoor Europa te kannoniseer en om operasionele doeltreffendheid te veseker. Die praktiese navorsingsprojek wat by die Henkel Groep in Dusseldorf, Duitsland afgelê is, het 'n strategiese passing met die eksterne omgewing aangetoon. Aanbevelings is gemaak om die gefragmenteerde prosesse van Henkel Travel Management met die strategiese doelwit van die Henkel Groep te vereenselwig. Verbetering van operasionele doeltreffendheid ooreenkomstig beste standaarde sal bedryfswins aansienlik verbeter. Organisasies in die VSA het gemiddeld reeds optimale doeltreffendheid bereik deur die globale benadering in die rasionalisering van waardeketting aktiwiteite. Hulle fokus nou op die verbetering van innovasie om groei te verseker. Organisasies in Europa behoort te investeer in die verbetering van hul innoverende bevoegdheid. Hierdie kritiese geleentheid om 'n mededingingsvoordeel te verkry is hoogs onbenut. Markleierskap kan verkry word deur stimulasie van innovering met die inkorporering van diverse kundigheid uit die verskillende kulturele agtergronde van werknemers in die Europese omgewing.

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Dudincová, Jana. "Strategická analýza podniku". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76983.

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In my diploma thesis I have worked up a strategic analysis of the Pacovské strojírny Inc. company, during which I have used various methods of internal and external strategic analysis. Strategic analysis included Analysis of Company Resources, Portfolio Analysis and SWOT Analysis. The external strategic analysis included Porter's Five Forces Model, PEST Analysis and Competitors Analysis. On the basis of the aforementioned analyses I recommended a suitable strategy for future development of the enterprise.

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Lapacek, Kai. "Wertorientierte Unternehmensplanung im Forstbetrieb - Komponentenbasiertes Modellkonzept auf Grundlage von Betriebsinventur und Betriebssimulation". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2003. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1074503329406-07948.

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Aufgrund der unbefriedigenden betriebswirtschaftlichen Situation ist die Konzeption von Stra-tegien zur Verbesserung der Wirtschaftsergebnisse für viele Forstbetriebe eine existenzsichernde Aufgabe. Die Verfahren der Forsteinrichtung bedienen den Informationsbedarf nicht immer in dem erwarteten Umfang. Die Erweiterung der naturalen Planung um ökonomische Zielgrößen erfolgt bisher nur gelegentlich. Die geänderten Anforderungen verstärken den Anspruch, das klassische Planungs- und Kontrollsystem der Forsteinrichtung um neue integrative Verfahren und Module zu ergänzen und die methodische Einbindung der Forsteinrichtung in den gesamten betrieblichen Planungs- und Entscheidungsablauf sicherzustellen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde ein Planungs- und Simulationsmodell zur Steuerung und Kontrolle von Forstbetrieben entwickelt und beispielhaft erprobt. Das entwickelte Gesamtsystem besteht aus insgesamt vier Komponenten. Die Basis bildet ein Inventurmodul, das eine Schnittstelle zu dem integrierten Wachstumsmodul besitzt. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurde als Wachstumsmodul das Programm SILVA gewählt. Für die betriebswirtschaftliche Kalkulation der naturalen Fortschreibungsergebnisse fand das Programm tharget Verwendung. Zur Bewertung der kalkulierten Zahlungsreihen wurden investitionstheo-retische Funktionalitäten im Modul Invest verwendet.

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Snider, Joanne. "Success Factors of Small Business Owners of Independent Financial Planning Firms". ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/766.

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Small Business Administration statistics indicate that 20% of small businesses fail within the first 2 years and 50% fail within 5 years. The purpose of this case study was to explore the success factors and strategies of 12 small business owners of independent financial planning firms who achieved profitability beyond 5 years. A gap exists in the literature concerning such business owners, and their experiences provide valuable information to others desiring to start or maintain a financial planning business. The conceptual framework was entrepreneurship theory and Porter's 5 forces model of competitive strategy. The data were gathered via semistructured interviews and business websites and newsletters. Initial coding of the responses preceded an analysis of recurring patterns and themes. This process led to the identification of major themes: technical training is necessary but not sufficient for success; planners need training in business creation, operations, and marketing; and differentiation is important and is achieved by specialization and providing excellent client service. The business owners used Internet websites to present unique planning approaches and fee structures to clients and prospects. These results provide information to people considering starting or maintaining a small business, providers of professional education and training, and business leaders seeking to improve recruitment and retention of financial planning employee retention. Implications for positive social change include providing information to policymakers who seek to support small businesses to mitigate small business failure rates, expand job creation, and provide sources for financial guidance for American employees.

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Štěpánek, Ivo. "Nástroj pro podporu volby optimální strategie firmy". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-255475.

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This thesis deals with an optimal strategy choice of a company. The issues of products and services, marketing and mainly strategic management with emphasis on optimal strategy choice of a company are described in theoretical part. There are introduced fundamental methods of internal and external strategic analysis. With use of mentioned facts a program for support of strategic management is proposed. This program is aiming to make well structured and quantifiable methods of strategic analysis easier and more clear, based on which it is possible to define and choose an optimal strategy of a company.

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Eilermann, Frank. "Beiträge zum Aufbau eines forstlichen Geographischen Informationssystems unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Integration der digitalen Photogrammetrie - dargestellt am Beispiel der Entwicklung von Entscheidungshilfen für einen ökologisch begründeten Waldumbau". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2003. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1040304585218-28204.

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Für einen ökologischen Waldumbau sind naturwissenschaftliche und ökonomische Grundlagen erforderlich, um die Entscheidungsträger unterstützen. Die Problematik des Waldumbaus bei heterogenen Bedingungen des Osterzgebirges setzt ein flächenbezogenes Informationsmanagement voraus. Durch Aufbau eines forstökologischen Informationssystems werden naturwissenschaftliche und forstbetriebliche Grunddaten auf räumliche Einheiten übertragen und damit Entscheidungshilfen. Zur Erzielung standortsgerechter, stabiler und leistungsfähiger Mischbestände müssen unter Berücksichtigung waldbaulicher und ertragskundlicher Verhältnisse waldbauliche Strategien aufgezeigt und deren mittelfristige Umsetzung geplant werden. Zur Gestaltung des Planungskonzepts werden ausgehend vom IST-Zustand geeignete Maßnahmen zum Erreichen eines SOLL-Zustands aufgezeigt. Instrumentelle Basis bildet ein Forstökologisches Informationssystem, dessen GIS-Funktionalitäten flächenbezogene Entscheidungshilfen durch vielschichtige Datenanalyse ermöglichen. Die Auswertung von analogen und digitalen Luftbildern mit verschiedenen Stichprobenverfahren werden kombiniert. Mit einem Kalkulationsprogramm werden Bewirtschaftungsmaßnahmen hinsichtlich zu erwartender Kosten und Erlöse charakterisiert. Durch das Informationssystems lassen sich die naturwissenschaftlichen und forstbetrieblichen Grunddaten auf räumliche Einheiten übertragen. Planungsvorschläge zum Waldumbau in Form von Entscheidungshilfen stehen zur Verfügung. Die Integration auf Intensivmeßflächen gewonnener Daten ins Informationssystem und Übertragung auf flächige Bezugseinheiten gewährleisten die Beachtung vielfältiger Ursache-Wirkungsbeziehungen zur forstbetrieblichen Planung. Für die verschiedenen Höhenstufen werden spezifische waldbauliche Behandlungsvarianten durch Entscheidungsmodelle abgebildet, die eine flächenbezogene Umsetzung ermöglichen.

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Walker, Roz. "Transformative strategies in Indigenous education a study of decolonisation and positive social change". Click here for electronic access, 2004. http://adt.caul.edu.au/homesearch/get/?mode=advanced&format=summary&nratt=2&combiner0=and&op0=ss&att1=DC.Identifier&combiner1=and&op1=-sw&prevquery=OR%28REL%28SS%3BDC.Identifier%3Buws.edu.au%29%2CREL%28WD%3BDC.Relation%3BNUWS%29%29&att0=DC.Title&val0=Transformative+strategies+in+indigenous+education+&val1=NBD%3A.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2004.
Title from electronic document (viewed 15/6/10) Presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Western Sydney, 2004. Includes bibliography.

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Eilermann, Frank. "Beiträge zum Aufbau eines forstlichen Geographischen Informationssystems unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Integration der digitalen Photogrammetrie - dargestellt am Beispiel der Entwicklung von Entscheidungshilfen für einen ökologisch begründeten Waldumbau". Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2002. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23964.

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Für einen ökologischen Waldumbau sind naturwissenschaftliche und ökonomische Grundlagen erforderlich, um die Entscheidungsträger unterstützen. Die Problematik des Waldumbaus bei heterogenen Bedingungen des Osterzgebirges setzt ein flächenbezogenes Informationsmanagement voraus. Durch Aufbau eines forstökologischen Informationssystems werden naturwissenschaftliche und forstbetriebliche Grunddaten auf räumliche Einheiten übertragen und damit Entscheidungshilfen. Zur Erzielung standortsgerechter, stabiler und leistungsfähiger Mischbestände müssen unter Berücksichtigung waldbaulicher und ertragskundlicher Verhältnisse waldbauliche Strategien aufgezeigt und deren mittelfristige Umsetzung geplant werden. Zur Gestaltung des Planungskonzepts werden ausgehend vom IST-Zustand geeignete Maßnahmen zum Erreichen eines SOLL-Zustands aufgezeigt. Instrumentelle Basis bildet ein Forstökologisches Informationssystem, dessen GIS-Funktionalitäten flächenbezogene Entscheidungshilfen durch vielschichtige Datenanalyse ermöglichen. Die Auswertung von analogen und digitalen Luftbildern mit verschiedenen Stichprobenverfahren werden kombiniert. Mit einem Kalkulationsprogramm werden Bewirtschaftungsmaßnahmen hinsichtlich zu erwartender Kosten und Erlöse charakterisiert. Durch das Informationssystems lassen sich die naturwissenschaftlichen und forstbetrieblichen Grunddaten auf räumliche Einheiten übertragen. Planungsvorschläge zum Waldumbau in Form von Entscheidungshilfen stehen zur Verfügung. Die Integration auf Intensivmeßflächen gewonnener Daten ins Informationssystem und Übertragung auf flächige Bezugseinheiten gewährleisten die Beachtung vielfältiger Ursache-Wirkungsbeziehungen zur forstbetrieblichen Planung. Für die verschiedenen Höhenstufen werden spezifische waldbauliche Behandlungsvarianten durch Entscheidungsmodelle abgebildet, die eine flächenbezogene Umsetzung ermöglichen.

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Hansson, Martin, Sören Rätzer i Xiaoran Lin. "Return management systems within leisurewear at Strålfors : A multiple case study about third-part logistics and e-commerce". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-36009.

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While varies of supply chains are working on moving products towardsthe end consumers, there is also an increasing amount of productsbeing sent back. This has meant an increasing importance of the returnmanagement process. As many businesses have realized that the returnprocess has little connection with their core value, the idea ofoutsourcing return management crossed the mind of many companies.Third-party logistics (3PL) provider have also sensed the opportunityand begun to explore the possibility of providing such services forcompanies in need.

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