Artykuły w czasopismach: „Forest ecology”

1

Kelly, J. M. "Forest Ecology". Journal of Environmental Quality 17, nr 1 (styczeń 1988): 170–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1988.00472425001700010033x.

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Barkham, J. P., i J. P. Kimmings. "Forest Ecology." Journal of Ecology 76, nr 3 (wrzesień 1988): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2260585.

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3

Millar, C., i J. P. Kimmins. "(1987). Forest Ecology." Journal of Applied Ecology 26, nr 1 (kwiecień 1989): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2403676.

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Zimmerman, Jess K. "Tropical Forest Ecology". Ecology 81, nr 8 (sierpień 2000): 2352–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[2352:tfe]2.0.co;2.

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Sugden, A. M. "ECOLOGY: Forest Productivity". Science 295, nr 5563 (22.03.2002): 2179c—2179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.295.5563.2179c.

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Smiet, Alfred C. "Forest ecology on Java: human impact and vegetation of montane forest". Journal of Tropical Ecology 8, nr 2 (maj 1992): 129–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646740000626x.

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ABSTRACTNatural forests on Java have been generally cleared and remnants are now confined to mountain areas Although legally protected, these forests are used by local people for products like firewood, timber and fodder Locally, such exploitation is carried out daily by hundreds of people, whose livelihood depends on forest products Using a landscape-guided approach, a 15,500 ha area of montane forest in East Java has been sampled and analysed at the sylvatic mosaic level Vegetation types, sociologic species groups and vegetation structure are described for landscape units The most accessible landscape units have the most degraded forest with basal area values < 15 m2 ha−1 and a canopy closure of < 20% The least accessible units have relatively undisturbed forest with basal area values of > 45 m2 ha−1 and a canopy closure of > 60% Human activities such as tree cutting have altered species composition and modified forest structure to such an extent that large stretches of forest have been replaced by woodland or shrubland Forest degradation is described as a human induced process in which basal area and canopy closure are ultimately reduced, in spite of regrowth Comparison with other forest areas on Java shows that degradation as a result of tree cutting is a widespread phenomenon

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7

Grassi, G. "Forest Ecology. Basic knowledge of forest ecosystems". Forest@ - Rivista di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale 1, nr 1 (12.10.2004): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/efor0198-001.

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8

Milne, Robert J., Lorne P. Bennett i Paul J. Harpley. "Contributions of landscape ecology, multifunctionality and wildlife research toward sustainable forest management in the Greater Toronto Area". Forestry Chronicle 82, nr 3 (1.05.2006): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc82403-3.

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Forested lands in southern Ontario are threatened by a myriad of demands. In order to capture the multi-scale, multi-use and multifunction reality of forests within such intense human-nature interdependent landscapes, an integrative approach to sustainable forest management is necessary. Such forest management may be possible by combining the framework of landscape ecology with an understanding of forest multifunctionality. Within the Greater Toronto Area, the management of forests is provided by several agencies; some are responsible for 1) geological landscapes (e.g., the Niagara Escarpment), 2) for watersheds (e.g., Conservation Authorities) and 3) for political regions (e.g., York Region). In this paper, case studies reflecting important management issues are introduced. Wildlife research is then presented to link these issues to landscape ecology and forest multifunctionality in order to illustrate a means of enhancing sustainable forest management. Key words: landscape ecology, multifunctionality, multifunctional approach, sustainable forest management, Greater Toronto Area, wildlife function, integrative forest management

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9

Styring, Alison R., i Mohamed Zakaria bin Hussin. "Foraging ecology of woodpeckers in lowland Malaysian rain forests". Journal of Tropical Ecology 20, nr 5 (9.08.2004): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467404001579.

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We investigated the foraging ecology of 13 species of woodpecker in logged and unlogged lowland rain forest at two forest reserves in West Malaysia (Pasoh Forest Reserve and Sungai Lalang Forest Reserve). The parameters perch diameter and microhabitat/substrate type explained more variation in the data than other parameters, and effectively divided the guild into two groups: (1) ‘conventional’ – species that excavated frequently, used relatively large perches, and foraged on snags and patches of dead wood, and (2) ‘novel’ – species that used smaller perches and microhabitats that are available in tropical forests on a year-round basis (e.g. external, arboreal ant/termite nests and bamboo). These novel resources may explain, in part, the maintenance of high woodpecker diversity in tropical rain forests.

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10

Lewis, Kathy J., i B. Staffan Lindgren. "A conceptual model of biotic disturbance ecology in the central interior of B.C.: How forest management can turn Dr. Jekyll into Mr. Hyde". Forestry Chronicle 76, nr 3 (1.06.2000): 433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc76433-3.

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In forested ecosystems, insects and pathogens play an important role in ecosystem function, and there is increasing evidence that these organisms are primary determinants of forest structure and composition. Recent research has confirmed this even in sub-boreal forests, where fire was traditionally thought to be the major agent of disturbance and hence the main driver of successional processes. This paper presents a conceptual model of biotic disturbance ecology in sub-boreal forests of central B.C. We also describe how forest management practices can lead to forest health problems by disrupting these ecological processes, and the natural population dynamics of insects and pathogens. Key words: disturbance ecology, succession, forest pest, sub-boreal, forest management, forest health

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11

Schultz, Jack C. "Ecology of Forest Insects". Ecology 69, nr 2 (kwiecień 1988): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1940457.

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12

Taylor, R. A. J., i Andrzej Szujecki. "Ecology of Forest Insects". Journal of Animal Ecology 58, nr 2 (czerwiec 1989): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4860.

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13

Wali, Mohan K., i Stephen E. Watts. "Forest Ecology. Fourth Edition". Journal of Environmental Quality 28, nr 5 (wrzesień 1999): 1683–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800050039x.

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14

Kerfoot, O. "Tropical Rain Forest Ecology". South African Journal of Botany 51, nr 1 (luty 1985): 74–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0254-6299(16)31705-7.

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15

Baker, Patrick. "Tropical forest community ecology". Annals of Botany 104, nr 1 (lipiec 2009): vii—viii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcp110.

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16

PREECE, NOEL. "Tropical Forest Community Ecology". Austral Ecology 36, nr 8 (28.11.2011): e48-e49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2011.02288.x.

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17

Hall, John B. "Tropical rain forest ecology". Forest Ecology and Management 58, nr 1-2 (kwiecień 1993): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(93)90142-a.

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18

Mercker, David, Ryan Blair, Don Tyler, Theresa Jain, Russell Graham, Donald Rockwood, Nicholas Koch i in. "Silviculture and Forest Ecology". Journal of Forestry 109, nr 8 (1.12.2011): 491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/109.8.491.

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Abstract 2Over the past several decades, federal incentive programs have encouraged the restoration of bottomland forests throughout the West Gulf Coastal Plain (WGCP) and the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV). Programs such as the Conservation Reserve (CRP) and Wetlands Reserve (WRP) Programs have been marginally successful (Stanturf et al. 2001). Foresters and contractors often follow conventional tree planting procedures that are well established for upland sites, but prove problematic in bottomlands. High water tables, soil drainage and compaction, overland flooding and diverse soil properties make species selection difficult. Slight changes in topography and soil structure often have a dramatic effect on survival and growth of planted oak seedlings (Hodges and Schweitzer 1979). This project documented the survival and growth of six-year old seedlings that were established on a bottomland site in 2004, located at the West Tennessee Research and Education Center, Jackson, Tennessee. The purpose was to determine how soil drainage as indicated by mottling (specifically, the point of 50 percent gray color throughout the soil profile) affects the survival and growth of bottomland oak species. The findings suggest that practitioners plant Nuttall, pin and overcup oaks in poorly drained soils. As the drainage improves, begin mixing in willow oak. In the best drained soils (if they exist), finish by including water, swamp chestnut, swamp white, Shumard, cherrybark and bur oaks. Potential species diversity should expand as the soil drainage improves.

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19

Bruenig, E. F. "Forest amelioration. Development in agricultural and managed-forest ecology 14 Ecology 14". Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 18, nr 1 (październik 1986): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(86)90178-7.

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20

Gornov, А., А. Geraskina, D. Ershov, D. Tebenkova i N. Shevchenko. "LEADERS OF FOREST SCIENCE: TO THE ANNIVERSARY OF CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE RAS NATALIA VASILEVNA LUKINA". FOREST SCIENCE ISSUES 5, nr 2 (30.06.2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31509/2658-607x-202252-108.

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July 24, 2022 is the anniversary date of the birth of Natalya Vasilievna Lukina – corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, doctor of biological sciences, professor, prominent scientist in forest ecology, forest science and forest soil science, director of the Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences, chairman of the Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences on forests, editor-in-chief of the journals “Russian Journal of Forest Science” and “Forest Science Issues”. The article summarizes the main directions of scientific, scientific-organizational and expert activities of N. V. Lukina.

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21

McPherson, Scott, F. Wayne Bell, Jeff Leach, Peter Street i Al Stinson. "Applying research for enhanced productivity on the Canadian Ecology Centre – Forestry Research Partnership forests". Forestry Chronicle 84, nr 5 (1.10.2008): 653–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc84653-5.

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The application of enhanced forest productivity (EFP) through intensive silviculture on designated forest areas is arguably one means to maintain or increase fibre supply and global market competitiveness. The Canadian Ecology Centre – Forestry Research Partnership’s (CEC-FRP) 10/10 objective (to increase sustainable fibre production by 10% in 10 years) has focused many years of forest research largely on the practical application of EFP. Large-scale implementation of this research, through a process of adaptive management, is incumbent on first identifying forests that are available and potentially suitable to implement EFP with more intensive silviculture on portions of the landbase. This paper describes forests in northeastern Ontario that were evaluated for EFP potential, and provides some of the rationale for their selection or rejection for this purpose. To date, the Gordon Cosens, Romeo Malette, Martel, and Nipissing forests are identified as potential CEC-FRP core forests in which research can be directed towards sustainable increases in forest production. These 4 forests are located in Ontario’s boreal and Great Lakes–St. Lawrence regions and have the necessary tenure, potential productivity, protection from fire, insect and disease, and are managed under a suitably enabling planning and legislative environment. In addition, forest management planning teams for these forests are closely integrated with the CECFRP through core teams that are critical to identifying science priorities based on local operational issues, and moving subsequent research into practice. As such, it seems timely to move forward with EFP implementation through a process of adaptive management on these forests. Key words: enhanced forest productivity (EFP), intensive forest management (IFM), intensive silviculture, forest management planning (FMP), adaptive management

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22

Petrokas, Raimundas, Diana-Abasi Ibanga i Michael Manton. "Deep Ecology, Biodiversity and Assisted Natural Regeneration of European Hemiboreal Forests". Diversity 14, nr 10 (21.10.2022): 892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14100892.

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Climate change and the associated disturbances have disrupted the relative stability of tree species composition in hemiboreal forests. The natural ecology of forest communities, including species occurrence and composition, forest structure, and food webs, have been affected. Yet, the hemiboreal forest zone of Lithuania is the least studied in the country for climate change risks and possible management adaption techniques. This problem is further complicated by the fact that Lithuania uses a traditional centralised forest management system. Therefore, this work proposes assisted natural regeneration (ANR) of tree species as a more viable means of building hemiboreal forest resilience to cope with future climate change risks. The ANR model implies that forest management is localised in local communities, to provide opportunities for the local people to participate in forest management based on local knowledge, thereby facilitating the transition from cultural diversity to biodiversity. Further, ANR is grounded on an ethical framework—deep ecology—to provide ethical justification for the proposal to transit forest management in Lithuania from the traditional centralised segregated system to a community-driven practice. The work combines the theories of ANR, deep ecology, and hemiboreal forest knowledge systems to provide complementary information that builds on gaps in the existing literature. This study is unique in that no previous work has linked ANR and deep ecology in the context of Lithuania’s forest ecosystems.

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23

Kaiser, J. "FOREST ECOLOGY: Satellites Spy More Forest Than Expected". Science 297, nr 5583 (9.08.2002): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.297.5583.919.

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Siqueira, Marcos Vinicius Bohrer Monteiro, Patricia Sanae Sujii, Miklos Bajay, Carolina Grando, Kaiser Schwarcz, Camila Macrini i Maria Imaculada Zucchi. "How can molecular ecology contribute to forest restoration?" Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity 4, nr 4 (1.11.2013): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/jbb.uft.cemaf.v4n4.siqueira.

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The advance of scientific knowledge in various areas of molecular ecology has allowed the adoption of new strategies, particularly in forest restoration. The fusion of multidisciplinary areas and the implementation of management methodologies in order to get better results in forest restoration are current realities. In order to review the main ideas about the role of molecular techniques in the service of ecology restoration, this paper outlines how forest recovery can benefit from genetic and genomic plant population studies. The next challenges in conservation genetics can be brought by the quest for more efficient forest restorations from the point of view of biodiversity as well as the ecological ynamics as a whole. It is believed that in the coming years we will observe integrated strategies in molecular ecology with specific methodologies for restoration in tropical forests.

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Brawn, Jeffrey D. "Cosmopolitan Forest Bird Ecology Biogeography and Ecology of Forest Bird Communities A. Keast". Condor 96, nr 4 (listopad 1994): 1121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1369130.

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(Hamish) Kimmins, J. P. "Ecology, environmentalism and green religion". Forestry Chronicle 69, nr 3 (1.06.1993): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc69285-3.

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Forests offer diverse values to society, including timber, aesthetics, wildlife and biodiversity values, employment and wealth. Forests must be managed to provide the balance of values at the landscape level that the prevailing society deems to be consistent with the basic concept of sustainable development: to satisfy the needs and aspirations of present generations of humans without compromising the ability of future generations to satisfy their needs and aspirations.Management of forests to satisfy the requirements of sustainability will not be successful if based solely on the science of ecology, because this science cannot tell foresters what their goals should be. It will also fail if it is based solely on green religion, because this frequently ignores the ecological requirements of many of the living organisms in forest ecosystems, and the needs of the world's present human population, let alone the increase in human numbers that is expected within the next century.Broadly-defined environmentalism should be the basis for managing and conserving the world's forests. This management should be based on the ecology of these forests, should address the multiple values they provide, and should respect current ethical standards concerning the environment. The foresters performing this management should be dedicated environmentalists (in the broad sense). Unless the forestry profession becomes the leader in forest environmentalism, there is a significant risk that forestry in the future will be based largely on green religion.

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27

Grigolato, Stefano. "Training a new generation of researchers for effective forest management strategies under the effect of global warming: the ETN Skill-For.Action". Project Repository Journal 11, nr 1 (28.10.2021): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.54050/prj1117749.

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Training a new generation of researchers for effective forest management strategies under the effect of global warming: the ETN Skill-For.Action Innovative, adaptive and integrative forest management plays a key role in driving forests to face environmental changes, maintain high forest carbon sequestration potential, and guarantee economic efficiency and more ecologically sound forest operations. The ETN Skill-For.Action integrates the fundamental research in forest ecology and applied science of forest engineering to comprehensibly understand carbon dynamics in forests.

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28

Bell, F. Wayne, James A. Baker, George Bruemme, John Pineau i Al Stinson. "The Canadian Ecology Centre – Forestry Research Partnership: Implementing a research strategy based on an active adaptive management approach". Forestry Chronicle 84, nr 5 (1.10.2008): 666–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc84666-5.

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Between April 2000 and March 2007, the Canadian Ecology Centre – Forestry Research Partnership funded, directed, or catalyzed approximately 145 projects. Most of these focused on knowledge and data acquisition, providing a solid foundation for a series of sensitivity and gap analyses to determine whether a long-term goal of enhancing productivity on 6 forest management units in Ontario was achievable, and more importantly, sustainable. A research strategy provided the focus for knowledge and data acquisition and the partnership facilitated integrated research, development, transfer, and implementation. Here we provide an overview of this effort, which is expected to position forest managers of the 6 forests to apply an adaptive management process to increase understanding of the response of their forests to various forest management policies and practices in the future. The strategy and approach described could be useful to other jurisdictions aiming to more closely integrate forest research and operations as well as those interested in implementing adaptive management. Key words: forest ecology, forest economics, forest inventory, forest management

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RASUL, GOLAM. "Political ecology of the degradation of forest commons in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh". Environmental Conservation 34, nr 2 (czerwiec 2007): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892907003888.

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Indigenous people have widely been blamed for degrading South Asia's montane forest resources through the practice of shifting cultivation, yet some studies have revealed that indigenous people used forests in a sustainable way for centuries until external intervention. The history of external intervention in the forests of South Asia is more than two centuries old. The process of degradation of forest resources requires understanding of the political and social processes that condition access, control and management of the land and resources involved. The Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) of Bangladesh, a part of the Himalayan region, underwent essentially the same socio-political and historical processes as many other countries in the region and had very similar experiences in forest management. By examination of policies and associated effects on CHT forest over the past two centuries, this paper reveals that the process of forest degradation in the CHT started during the British colonial period with the nationalization of forests, establishment of reserve forests (RFs), management of forests by government agencies and weakening of traditional institutions. The process of degradation was accelerated by: privatization of forest land for the promotion of sedentary agriculture, horticulture and rubber plantation; the construction of a hydraulic dam on the Karnafuli River; the settlement of lowland people; and the constant conflict between indigenous people and the Forest Department. The degradation of CHT forests is not only the result of traditional agricultural practices, but also of many other factors including inappropriate policies and programmes.

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30

Harrington, Constance. "Oak Forest Ecosystems: Ecology and Management for Wildlife". Forest Science 48, nr 4 (1.11.2002): 792–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/48.4.792.

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Abstract Oaks (Quercus spp.) are important components in many temperate forest ecosystems, and a new book that synthesizes information on their management is always of interest. The intent of this book was to bring together knowledge from a diverse group of people who study oak forests and make that information available to those interested in managing those forests in a sustainable manner for wildlife. I think the authors have done a good job in achieving their objectives.

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31

Tymochko, I. "Ecology typological assessment of forest vegetation of the North-Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine". Balanced nature using, nr 3 (23.07.2021): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.3.2021.247136.

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Recently, significantly increases the need for a detailed study of various aspects of the modern natural, spontaneous and artificially generated phytodiversity as the main element of the formation and regeneration of natural ecotypes structural elements for building national ecological network. It is necessary to examine various aspects of the natural and spontaneous vegetation formed. Based on the ecological specifics of the North-Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, a detailed analysis of natural and artificially formed forests on the floodplain, pine terrace and plateau of the rivers of the Dnieper and Seversky Donets basins, as well as in ravine-beam systems is required. Peculiarities of forest vegetation conditions, distribution of tree species and ecological conditions of their growth are given. According to forest management data, the area of the North-Eastern Forest-Steppe covered with forest vegetation is 336110.3 ha. The distribution of forest areas by edatopes is as follows: trophotopes — oak wood (220640.2 ha, 65.64%), sugruds (54739.2 ha, 16.29%), subors (52174.5 ha, 15.52%) and pine forests (8556.4 ha, 2.55%); hygrotopes — fresh conditions (282960.3 ha, 84.19%), dry (35576.7 ha, 10.59%), damp (12179.5 ha, 3.62%), moist (4634.3 ha, 1.38%), wet (749.0 ha, 0.22%) and very dry conditions (10.5 ha, 0.003%). There are 38 types of forests areas covered with forest vegetation, which are dominated by fresh maple-linden forest (183442.0 ha, 54.58%), a slightly smaller area occupied by fresh oak-pine forest (47040.9 ha, 14.00%) and linden-oak-pine sugrud (33999.3 ha, 10.12%), as well as dry maple-linden forest (28697.7 ha, 8.54%). The composition of forest-forming species is quite diverse and is represented by 60 species of woody and shrubby plants. The main forest-forming species is Quercus robur (190153.9 ha, 56.58%). Pinus sylvestris (86212.1 ha, 25.65%) and Fraxinus excelsior (20318.5 ha, 6.05%) have slightly smaller areas, all other species occupy small areas. Research a variety of forest habitats will provide an opportunity to plan the conservation, reproduction and protection of phytodiversity, including species of sozophytes from different conservation lists, as well as to balance the provision of ecosystem services by tree and shrub plantations of the North-Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

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32

Innis, GJ. "Feeding Ecology of Fruit Pigeons in Subtropical Rainforests of South-Eastern Queensland." Wildlife Research 16, nr 4 (1989): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9890365.

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In a 5-yr (1979-84) study of 6 species of fruit pigeon in lowland (dry) and upland (wet) subtropical rain forests in the Jimna and Conondale Ranges, the effects of forest phenology on pigeon abundance were investigated. The pigeons utilized 89 species of plants from 39 families of trees, palms and vines. The seasonal availability of fruit was similar in each forest type: most plant species bore crops during the wet season (Dec.-Mar.) and held crops into the early dry season (April-May); the late dry season (June-Oct.) was a time of general fruit shortage. More than 60% of the species of food plants present in upland forest were rare or absent in lowland forest. In general, each species of pigeon utilized a distinct suite of plant species in each forest type. Certain species of fig (Ficus spp.) fruited asynchronously and were the most important food for sedentary wompoo fruit-doves (Ptilinopus magnificus magnificus) in both forest types. These and other species of fig were the most important food for topknot pigeons (Lopholaimus antarcticus) and rose-crowned fruit-doves (P. regina regina) in lowland forest. An influx of flocks of up to 200 topknot pigeons into upland forest occurred each year in response to the fruiting of Archontophoenix cunninghamiana. The foraging habits of rose-crowned fruit-doves were largely opportunistic in upland forest, utilizing whatever fruit was available at particular times. White-headed pigeons (Columba leucomela) foraged solely in Olea paniculata during irregular visits to lowland forest. A regular summer influx into upland forest occurred in response to the fruiting of a vine, Piper novae-hollandiae. In each forest type, brown cuckoo-doves (Macropygia amboinensis) had a distinct foraging preference for plant species characteristic of disturbed forests; important plant families were the Solanaceae, Ulmaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Araliaceae. Superb fruit-doves (P. superbus) were seldom found in either forest type.

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33

Danson, F. Mark, Mathias I. Disney, Rachel Gaulton, Crystal Schaaf i Alan Strahler. "The terrestrial laser scanning revolution in forest ecology". Interface Focus 8, nr 2 (16.02.2018): 20180001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2018.0001.

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New laser scanning technologies are set to revolutionize the way in which we measure and understand changes in ecosystem structure and function. Forest ecosystems present a particular challenge because of their scale, complexity and structural dynamics. Traditional forestry techniques rely on manual measurement of easy-to-measure characteristics such as tree girth and height, along with time-consuming, logistically difficult and error-prone destructive sampling. Much more detailed and accurate three-dimensional measurements of forest structure and composition are key to reducing errors in biomass estimates and carbon dynamics and to better understanding the role of forests in global ecosystem and climate change processes. Terrestrial laser scanners are now starting to be deployed in forest ecology research and, at the same time, new terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) technologies are being developed to enhance and extend the range of measurements that can be made. These new TLS measurements provide a tantalizing glimpse of a completely new way to measure and understand forest structure. It is therefore a good time to take stock, assess the state of the art and identify the immediate challenges for continued development of TLS in forest ecology.

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Usher, M. B., R. N. Coulson i J. A. Witter. "Forest Entomology: Ecology and Management." Journal of Applied Ecology 22, nr 2 (sierpień 1985): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2403202.

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35

KAMITANI, Tomohiko. "Forest management and landscape ecology". Bulletion of the International Association for Landscape Ecology-Japan 6, nr 1 (2001): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5738/jale.6.1.

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Lawesson, Jonas E. "Grazing Ecology and Forest History". Journal of Vegetation Science 14, nr 1 (2003): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1658/1100-9233(2003)014[0137:br]2.0.co;2.

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37

White, Alan S. "Disturbance Ecology And Forest Dynamics". Ecology 83, nr 11 (listopad 2002): 3235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[3235:deafd]2.0.co;2.

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38

Oliva, Jonàs, Miguel Ángel Redondo i Jan Stenlid. "Functional Ecology of Forest Disease". Annual Review of Phytopathology 58, nr 1 (25.08.2020): 343–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-050028.

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Global change is pressing forest pathologists to solve increasingly complex problems. We argue that understanding interactive effects between forest pathogens and global warming, globalization, and land-use changes may benefit from a functional ecology mindset. Traits can be more informative about ecological functions than species inventories and may deliver a more mechanistic description of forest disease. Myriad microbes with pathogenic potential interact with forest ecosystems at different organizational levels. Elucidation of functional traits may enable the microbial complexity to be reduced into manageable categories with predictive power. In this review, we propose guidelines that allow the research community to develop a functional forest pathology approach. We suggest new angles by which functional questions can be used to resolve burning issues on tree disease. Building up functional databases for pathogenicity is key to implementing these approaches.

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39

Blumler, Mark A., i F. W. M. Vera. "Grazing Ecology and Forest History". Environmental History 7, nr 4 (październik 2002): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3986068.

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Miller, H. G. "Grazing Ecology and Forest History". Forestry 75, nr 2 (1.02.2002): 212–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/75.2.212.

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Webster, P. "ECOLOGY: Setting the Forest Alight". Science 317, nr 5846 (28.09.2007): 1854–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.317.5846.1854.

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42

Morell, V. "ECOLOGY: Return of the Forest". Science 278, nr 5346 (19.12.1997): 2059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.278.5346.2059.

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Ryabukhin, P. B. "Logging and forest environment ecology". Systems. Methods. Technologies, nr 3(43) (2019): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18324/2077-5415-2019-3-96-99.

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Peh, kelvin S. –H, Richard T. Corlett i Yves Bergeron. "Routledge Handbook of Forest Ecology". International Forestry Review 18, nr 1 (1.03.2016): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554816818206186.

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Sugden, A. M. "ECOLOGY/EVOLUTION: A Forest Sere". Science 307, nr 5711 (11.02.2005): 817a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.307.5711.817a.

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Hitchmough, James, i F. W. M. Vera. "Grazing Ecology and Forest History". Garden History 30, nr 2 (2002): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1587257.

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Unsworth, M. H. "Physiological ecology of forest production". Forest Ecology and Management 22, nr 3-4 (grudzień 1987): 309–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(87)90117-4.

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Murphy, P. G., i A. E. Lugo. "Ecology of Tropical Dry Forest". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 17, nr 1 (listopad 1986): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.17.110186.000435.

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Ghelardini, Luisa, Nicola Luchi, Francesco Pecori, Alessia L. Pepori, Roberto Danti, Gianni Della Rocca, Paolo Capretti, Panaghiotis Tsopelas i Alberto Santini. "Ecology of invasive forest pathogens". Biological Invasions 19, nr 11 (21.06.2017): 3183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-017-1487-0.

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Brockerhoff, E. G., i A. M. Liebhold. "Ecology of forest insect invasions". Biological Invasions 19, nr 11 (20.07.2017): 3141–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-017-1514-1.

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