Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Foreign executives”
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Wu, Yunyu, Weiguo Zhang i Hua Li. "Diversity of returnee executives’ foreign experience and corporate social responsibility performance". PLOS ONE 19, nr 4 (1.04.2024): e0300262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300262.
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Top managers’ past experiences (e.g., foreign experience) significantly impact their decision-making behavior, which may influence firms’ sustainable development. The available literature, focusing on the role of the increase in the number of top executives with foreign experience in corporate social responsibility (CSR), yields mixed results. In order to clarify the ambiguous relationship between executive foreign experience and CSR, we empirically examine the effect of the geographic diversity of top executives’ foreign experience on CSR. Based on a hand-collected dataset of the top management team’s (TMT’s) foreign experience, we demonstrate the positive impact of the geographic diversity of returnee executives’ foreign experience on firms’ CSR using Chinese A-share listed firms from 2009 to 2018. Moreover, this impact is stronger in firms with political connections with the central government and in regions with good market development. Furthermore, the mechanism analysis shows that returnee executives drive firms’ CSR by promoting corporate donations and green innovation. This paper offers clear policy implications by suggesting that hiring returnees with a broad geographic scope of foreign experience as corporate executives is an efficient way to enhance firms’ CSR.
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Rickley, Marketa. "Cultural Generalists and Cultural Specialists: Examining International Experience Portfolios of Subsidiary Executives in Multinational Firms". Journal of Management 45, nr 2 (11.04.2018): 384–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206317748745.
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On the basis of the observation that today’s executives increasingly possess significant international experiences, this study of foreign subsidiary executive staffing strategies looks beyond the local/expatriate dichotomy and shifts the theoretical and empirical focus from executive nationality to a more nuanced examination of subsidiary executives’ international experience portfolios. The intended contribution of this study is to explore the relationship between home country–host country institutional differences and the quantity and quality of subsidiary executives’ previous international experience. I draw on executive cognition theory and the literature on international experience to hypothesize that variety and specificity of previous educational and professional international experiences facilitate subsidiary executives’ abilities to manage liabilities of foreignness arising from institutional distance. The findings indicate a positive relationship between home country–host country institutional distance and the presence of subsidiary executives with higher duration, count, and variety of international experiences. However, the findings provide no statistical evidence of higher levels of institutional distance being associated with a higher presence of subsidiary executives with specific international experiences that are relevant to the home country–host country pair.
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Arp, Frithjof, Kate Hutchings i Wendy A. Smith. "Foreign executives in local organisations". Journal of Global Mobility: The Home of Expatriate Management Research 1, nr 3 (29.11.2013): 312–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgm-01-2013-0006.
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Whitehill, Arthur M. "American executives through foreign eyes". Business Horizons 32, nr 3 (maj 1989): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0007-6813(89)90007-4.
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Shao, Dong, Kangyin Lv, Xueyuan Fan i Bochen Zhang. "Foreign executives, digital transformation, and innovation performance: Evidence from Chinese-listed firms". PLOS ONE 19, nr 6 (7.06.2024): e0305144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0305144.
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This study investigates the effect of foreign executives on firms’ innovation performance and the mediation role of digital transformation in Chinese-listed firms from 2011 to 2021. Our findings indicate that the presence of foreign executives in top management teams promotes firms’ innovation performance by enhancing digital transformation. Further analyses show that foreign executives contribute significantly to improving firms’ radical innovation performance rather than incremental innovation performance. We also examine the moderating effect of negative performance feedback and financing constraints between foreign executives and innovation performance, finding that foreign executives can promote innovation performance particularly in firms with negative performance feedback and weak financing constraints.
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Onderco, Michal. "Parliamentarians in government delegations: An old question still not answered". Cooperation and Conflict 53, nr 3 (27.10.2017): 411–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836717737571.
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Why do governments include parliamentarians in the delegations to international negotiations? Conduct of the diplomatic negotiations is among the most tightly controlled prerogatives of the executive, and executives have been historically dominant in the conduct of foreign policy. This article draws on the participation of members of parliaments in national delegations to the Review Conferences of the Non-Proliferation Treaty over the past 40 years. The emerging patterns show that legitimation through oversight is unlikely to be the reason for participation. Drawing on literature on institutional variation in legislative–executive relations, the data indicate that executives are more interested in co-opting the parliamentarians, in order to make them less opposed to the government’s policy.
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Suleiman, Salami. "EFFECT OF FOREIGN INVOLVEMENT ON CORPORATE TAX NONCOMPLIANCE". JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SUSTAINABILITY 3, No.1 (31.01.2021): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jes2021.3.1.3.
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There exists a potential decline in tax revenue to government among firms with foreign involvement. The main aim of the study is to examine the impact of foreign involvement on corporate tax noncompliance. The study focuses on the effects of foreign CEO, the percentage of foreign executive board members, and the ratio of stocks owned by foreign directors on corporate tax noncompliance. Data on manufacturing firms were utilized based on data availability from 2015 to 2019. Generally accepted accounting principle effective tax rate was utilized as a primary measure of tax noncompliance and fixed effect technique of regression analysis. Controlling for profitability, leverage, firm size and board size, the findings of the study revealed a significant negative effect of the percentage of foreign executives’ shareholding on GAAP ETR. Our result is robust to using cash effective tax rate as an alternative proxy for tax noncompliance. The implication of this finding is that an increase in foreign executive shares will reduce tax proceeds. Given the corporate tax implication, regulatory authorities should weigh the cost and benefit of a benchmark for foreign directors’ equity ownership.
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Prasad, S. Benjamin. "American Executives' Perception of Foreign State Enterprises". Journal of International Business Studies 17, nr 2 (czerwiec 1986): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490429.
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Amin, Muhammad, Jianfeng Wu i Md Ziaul Haque. "The impact of corporate political connections and executive’s international experience on Chinese firms’ initial public offerings in the USA". Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 12, nr 3 (11.09.2019): 431–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeee-04-2019-0041.
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Purpose Integrating social network theory with signaling theory, the purpose of this research is to examine the impact of corporate political connections and executive’s international experience on Chinese firms initial public offerings (IPOs) performance in the USA. Design/methodology/approach This study used Securities Data Company (SDC) New Issues database to identify all Chinese firms that went public in the USA between 2003 and 2014. Consistent with previous research, IPO firms excluded from the sample include merger or acquisitions, spin-offs and initial stage listed firms. The final sample size is of 142 Chinese foreign IPOs in the US markets. Findings This study finds that firms with political connections perform significantly poor than firms without political connections. It shows that US stock markets react to the signals of political connections of Chinese foreign IPOs. In response, the Chinese foreign IPOs can signal international work experience of top executives to US investors. The results show that the executives’ international work experience has significant positive relationships on foreign IPO performance of Chinese firms. Moreover, this study finds that the interaction between corporate political connections and international experience pursues positive effects on the performance of foreign IPOs. Originality/value This research intends to extend the knowledge of how corporate political connections and international work experience affects the performance of Chinese firms attempting to access US capital markets. To date, scholars have not investigated the influence of corporate political connections on the amount of capital raised by foreign IPOs.
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Darwis i Bama Andika Putra. "The Decline of Indonesia’s Leadership Role in ASEAN: Systemic and Domestic Constraints of Jokowi’s Foreign Policy Alterations". Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 11, nr 1 (3.01.2022): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2022-0010.
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This article addresses how systemic stimuli and domestic constraints, specifically on the perception of foreign policy executives, influence Indonesia’s leadership decline in ASEAN under Joko Widodo’s first presidential term. Through the lens of neoclassical realism, it is concluded that Indonesia’s leadership decline in ASEAN is attributed to the changing geopolitical landscape of Asia, with the assertive rise of China and the need to find other models of grand strategies in facing the regional hegemon. Furthermore, there is a unified perception of the irrelevance of maintaining a leadership role in ASEAN, and how the foreign policy executives of the Indonesian President and the Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs have concluded to this approach. Implementation of this research is the contribution to the foreign policy framework in facing certain systemic stimuli in the region of Asia, and to understand the role of a unified perspective among foreign policy executives to the actual output of foreign policy. This article contributes to the discourses of; (1) neoclassical realism, specifically on the role of systemic stimuli and elite perceptions as intervening variables in understanding alterations in foreign policy behavior, and (2) empirical analysis of Indonesia’s leadership role in ASEAN during the presidency of Joko Widodo.
Received: 16 August 2021 / Accepted: 25 October 2021 / Published: 3 January 2022
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Xie, Zaiyang, Runhui Lin, Jie Mi i Na Li. "Improving Enterprises’ Cross-Border M&A Sustainability in the Globalization Age—Research on Acquisition and Application of the Foreign Experience". Sustainability 11, nr 11 (6.06.2019): 3180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113180.
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The advancement of globalization has encouraged an increasing number of enterprises to go abroad and take cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) to expand their overseas market and improve core competitiveness, although many acquirers fail to gain value from post-acquisition integration. On the basis of organizational learning theory, this paper explores the effect of executives’ foreign experience on cross-border M&A sustainability, and examines how the externally acquired knowledge can be effectively applied to cross-border M&A practice. Taking a sample of Chinese listed companies that have completed cross-border M&As during 2008–2016, our research proposes an integrated framework of foreign experiential knowledge, and discusses the process of acquisition and application of this experiential knowledge into cross-border M&As. Empirical research findings show that, compared with the general foreign experience, the specific foreign experience based on target country significantly improves cross-border M&A sustainability, and executives with host-specific work experience plays a more important role than that of education experience. Further research found that long-tenured executives positively moderate the effect of foreign experiential knowledge on cross-border M&A sustainability, while the pay gap for executives, which hampers internal coherence, plays a negative moderating role. This research provides a new insight into the promotion of the sustainable development of enterprise cross-border M&A in the globalization age.
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Khan, Shahadat, i Shams Rahman. "An importance-performance analysis for supplier assessment in foreign-aid funded procurement". Benchmarking: An International Journal 21, nr 1 (25.02.2014): 2–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-12-2011-0092.
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Purpose – Using a sample of executing agency executives, donor agency executives and supplying organisation executives, this study aims to identify the critical criteria for the assessment of suppliers in foreign-aid funded procurement in Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach – An instrument with 32-seven-point (1 – rarely, 7 – mostly) Likert-scaled items was employed to gather data on the level of importance assigned by both buyers and suppliers on each supplier assessment criterion. The importance-performance matrix analysis was conducted to assess the gap in expectations between buyers and suppliers and to organise the assessment criteria into four categories such as “low priority”, “possible killer”, “concentrate here”, and “keep up the good work”. Findings – The results indicate that, to provide better service, suppliers must assign tasks to the knowledgeable sales personnel, provide better warranties with well-known branded products, and ensure a reliable level of quality. The supplier organisations should implement a high calibre management system that allows prompt responses to enquiries and the provision of services without buyers having to follow up. Practical implications – With careful considerations, the methodology and results of the study could be adapted to design supplier assessment procedure in other developing countries. Originality/value – This research employs a simple and practical method which purchasing executives will find easy to apply and interpret the findings.
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Swift, Jonathan S. "Foreign language competence and cultural affinity: a study of UK executives in foreign markets". Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal 9, nr 2 (czerwiec 2002): 4–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527600210797370.
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Ma, Jinrong, i Hongbo Wang. "Research on the impact of equity incentive model on enterprise performance: A mediating effect analysis based on executive entrepreneurship". PLOS ONE 19, nr 4 (5.04.2024): e0300873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300873.
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In implementing the equity incentive system, this paper delves into the listed enterprises’ selection of equity incentive models. While previous research has extensively covered the effects, models, and influencing factors of equity incentives, there needs to be more in-depth literature focusing on the diverse incentive models and their impact on corporate performance. Notably, there needs to be more literature on considering entrepreneurial spirit as a mechanism. It aims to explore the relationship between executives’ choices under different incentive models, the entrepreneurial spirit fostered by these models, and their combined impact on corporate performance. The findings reveal that adopting the restricted stock incentive model by listed enterprises implementing the equity incentive system significantly positively affects enterprise performance. Mechanistic tests show that when a company implements the restricted stock incentive model, executives prioritize maximizing their interests, leading them to embrace more risk in their investment decisions. This behavior, in turn, stimulates the adventurous spirit of executives, positively impacting enterprise performance, particularly pronounced in companies with more concentrated executive power. Moreover, executives may be more inclined to invest in high-risk, high-reward innovative projects, a behavior indicative of innovation and more prevalent in firms with higher research and development (R&D) investment. However, the limitation of this paper is that the study evaluates the operation of the equity incentive system in China by taking listed companies in China as an example, which is not necessarily suitable for foreign developed capitalist countries. This study contributes to the study of principal-agent problems by exploring the relationship between executives, entrepreneurship and firm performance.
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Kong, Siew-Huat, i Bo-Yang Gao. "Chinese executives in foreign-owned enterprises: managing in two cultures". Strategic Change 18, nr 3-4 (maj 2009): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsc.841.
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Stoker, Kevin L. "The Journalist Who Interpreted Too Much: The New York Times’ Courtship, Defense, and Betrayal of John W. White". Journalism & Communication Monographs 19, nr 3 (21.08.2017): 177–236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1522637917719276.
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This study analyzes the behind-the-scenes correspondence, from 1928 to 1941, between the New York Times’ news executives and editors and John W. White, who served as the paper’s first Chief South American Correspondent. An analysis of the correspondence and White’s dispatches shows that interactions between news management, foreign governments, and the U.S. State Department influenced White’s writing to the point that he avoided writing about Argentina’s neighbors; provided more positive, “Pollyanna” material; and censored his own dispatches. The study provides further evidence that Arthur Hays Sulzberger meddled in the paper’s news coverage, even before he became Times publisher in 1935. The correspondence between Sulzberger and White also calls into question the romantic myth of the autonomous foreign correspondent, free to report without fear or favor. Instead, it shows that American foreign correspondents faced scrutiny not only from their news executives and editors but also from foreign governments, police officials, local newspapers, Nazi and Fascist spies, U.S. business interests, the State Department, and even the President of the United States.
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Godiwalla, Yezdi H. "Strategic Management for Global Firms: A Conceptual Discussion". International Journal of Social Science Studies 6, nr 11 (18.10.2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v6i11.3695.
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Global organizations have to proceed with a global and strategic perspective in order to be effective. This is in contrast to domestically or regionally focused organizations. Global organizations would benefit from simultaneously pursuing: (a) led by headquarters (HQ) selectively-fostered integrative, global and strategic approaches, and, (b) decentralized foreign subsidiary tactical and operational initiatives. The simultaneous pursuits of the two divergent approaches require capable management teams at both levels: (a) the global HQ, as well as, (b) the foreign subsidiary units. The unique task environments of each foreign subsidiary make it compelling for the HQ to delegate the operational decision making to the foreign subsidiary. For the combined and well-coordinated global vision, choices, goals and strategy, the HQ must take the strategic leadership role.The partnership and collaborative efforts among the HQ and foreign subsidiaries’ executives will foster a together-ness feeling and better ownership of the responsibility among the foreign subsidiaries’ executives. The hierarchical, top-down approach would then be replaced by a joint, information-sharing approach that would engender an era of trust and mutual respect. There would be closer to power equality rather than disproportionate distribution of power. Power would then be posited to where most information and direct skills reside.
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Nelson, Douglas. "Domestic Political Preconditions of US Trade Policy: Liberal Structure and Protectionist Dynamics". Journal of Public Policy 9, nr 1 (styczeń 1989): 83–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00007984.
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ABSTRACTThis paper examines the set of norms, rules and institutions (the regime) which regulate the domestic politics of international trade policy in the US. It is particularly concerned to explain the simultaneous occurrence of successful participation in multilateral trade liberalization in the GATT and rising levels of protection via the administered protection mechanisms (e.g. anti-dumping and countervailing duty, and escape clause). The explanation of this phenomenon is the development of a new institutional definition of trade policy that permitted executive dominance of trade policy, in conjunction with a changed perception of the role of trade policy by the executive branch. Specifically, it is argued that post-war executives (at least until Reagan) came to associate trade policy with broader foreign policy goals.
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Belogurov, Anatoly, i Margarita Marushina. "Classification of corporate Executive training programs and clusters of competencies developed in them". KANT 35, nr 2 (czerwiec 2020): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2020-35.39.
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The purpose of this paper is to propose a classification of corporate education programs for executives and talent reserve based on the revealed characteristics of such programs. The study explores existing Russian and foreign research literature, is based on authors' experience in development and implementation of such programs in a corporate academy, a business-school and in corporate universities, and also analyzes the content of other executive education programs provided by leading Russian corporate education organizations. Analysis of executive education programs classifications in foreign literature revealed that none of them inсluded all types of programs delivered in Russian corporate education, so the authors propose an original classification based on the relationship between the target audience and the competencies and skills to be developed. The proposed classification is of practical interest for professionals in corporate education and company HR, as it assists them in defining the type of a program they develop in-house or order from other educational organizations, in accordance with their organizational goals and through developing clusters of competencies and skills of their top-management.
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Chen, Chusheng, Yun Zhan, Changjun Yi, Xue Li i Yenchun Jim Wu. "Psychic distance and outward foreign direct investment: the moderating effect of firm heterogeneity". Management Decision 58, nr 7 (2.04.2020): 1497–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-06-2019-0731.
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PurposeThis study investigates the effect of psychic distance (PD) on outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) by multinational firms originating in emerging economies and the moderating effect of firm heterogeneity on this relationship.Design/methodology/approachAn empirical analysis based on a negative binomial regression model is conducted using OFDI data from 2008 to 2017 on companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges in China, an emerging economy.FindingsThe results suggest a U-shaped relationship between PD and OFDI by firms in emerging economies. Both executive foreign experience and state ownership negatively moderate the U-shaped relationship between PD and OFDI.Practical implicationsEmerging economies should encourage and guide multinational firms in engaging in OFDI and emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of PD for multinational firms. Additionally, non-sate-owned firms should recruit those who have a foreign education to provide support for OFDI by firms in emerging economies. Multinational firms should determine investment locations by consulting with executives with foreign experience to improve their ability to engage in OFDI.Originality/valueThis study combines macro and micro perspectives and integrates PD and firm heterogeneity into the same model with a sample of multinational firms originating in China. The findings support the existence of a PD paradox, which helps to enriching the theory on foreign direct investment.
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Mostert, Frederik J., i Jan Hendrik Mostert. "The management of inflation rate, interest rate and foreign exchange rate risks: A business executive outlook". Corporate Ownership and Control 4, nr 3 (2007): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv4i3p5.
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Inflation rate, interest rate and foreign exchange rate risks are relevant to enterprise stakeholders because they impact in varying degrees on the financial performance of enterprises. Business executives are expected to take reasonable steps for managing these risks and to rely on sound and innovative financial risk management solutions to meet the expectations of stakeholders in their enterprises. This paper aims at improving financial risk management practices by applying insurance principles to the management of inflation rate, interest rate and foreign exchange rate risks. To achieve this objective, the research paper focuses on the features of finite risk insurance and the perceived importance of these features when South African business executives consider strategies to manage the above risks. Finite risk insurance is classified as a form of alternative risk transfer (commonly referred to as “ART”) that relates to the point where insurance, banking and/or the capital market converge in an attempt to efficiently provide enterprises with sufficient financial capacity for protection against a variety of risks. The features of finite risk insurance are highlighted and the views of business executives regarding the importance of these features for the management of inflation rate, interest rate and foreign exchange rate risks are disclosed and analysed. The paper closes with recommendations to providers of financial services based on the needs of South African industrial companies to manage the above risks.
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Rines, Lawrence. "Gardner. Safe for Democracy - The Anglo American Response to Revolution, 1913-1923". Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 15, nr 2 (1.09.1991): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.15.2.95-96.
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In my reading of the history of American diplomacy by such authors as John H. Latane, Samuel Flagg Bemis, Robert H. Ferrell, and others, I have observed that there has been a reluctance on the part of American Chief Executives to dramatically alter the foreign policy of their predecessors. Perhaps this is what has given American foreign policy the appearance of continuity.
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Arp, Frithjof. "For success in a cross-cultural environment, choose foreign executives wisely". Global Business and Organizational Excellence 32, nr 1 (16.10.2012): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joe.21462.
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Kemper, Lena Elisabeth, Anna Katharina Bader i Fabian Jintae Froese. "Promoting gender equality in a challenging environment". Personnel Review 48, nr 1 (4.02.2019): 56–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-02-2017-0035.
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Purpose Gender diversity and equality vary tremendously among countries. This is a particular challenge for foreign subsidiaries, when the level of gender diversity and equality differs between the home and host country. Various indicators such as a low-gender pay gap or a high ratio of females in managerial positions suggest that Scandinavia is ahead in terms of gender diversity and equality, whereas those indicators suggest that the level in Japan is currently lower. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how executives leading Scandinavian subsidiaries operating in Japan perceive this situation, and whether and what kind of actions they take to initiate change. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on a qualitative analysis of 20 in-depth interviews with executives of Scandinavian subsidiaries in Japan. Findings Findings reveal that executives of Scandinavian subsidiaries respond to the major differences in gender equality between Scandinavia and Japan with three strategies of change: resistance and rigid change, compromise and moderate change, and adaptation and maintaining status quo. Moreover, the findings indicate that the strategy of change varies depending on individual differences of the executives, e.g., nationality, and organizational differences, e.g., subsidiary size. Research limitations/implications Due to the small sample size, the generalizability of the findings is limited. Given the paucity of research on this topic, this approach provides first insights for building a basis for future studies. Originality/value This study contributes to the scarce literature on gender diversity and equality in multinational enterprises by identifying strategies of how gender equality can be fostered in a non-Western context from a top executive perspective.
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Young, Bob. "Foreign Interference / Influence in Canada: A Way Forward". Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare 6, nr 2 (24.11.2023): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/jicw.v6i2.6250.
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On June 15, 2023, Mr. Bob Young, security consultant and former Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) Regional Director for British Columbia and Yukon, presented Foreign Interference / Influence in Canada: A Way Forward. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver Executives. The key points discussed were the characteristics of foreign interference and influence (FI), how the Chinese Community Party (CPP) conducts FI in Canada, and what actions the Canadian government and its agencies can take to better counter the threat of FI.
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Bilek, Edward M., i Paul V. Ellefson. "Business arrangements used by U.S. wood-based companies involved in direct foreign investment". Forestry Chronicle 67, nr 2 (1.04.1991): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc67141-2.
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Two hundred foreign investments (wholly-owned subsidiaries and joint ventures) were identified for 12 of the nation's 1981 top 20 sales-leading transnational wood-based companies. Investments were scattered over much of the world with a significant preference for developed countries (135 of the 200 foreign investments). Company executives agreed that the ability to compete in world markets would be key to a company's long-term success. Only three companies indicated foreign investments were of growing importance. Factors influencing company decisions about type of foreign investment included length of investment, developed versus developing country, social and political conditions in host country, foreign pressure to reduce equity, control of profit remittances and share of financial burden.
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Kuras, Leonid V., i Bazar D. Tsybenov. "Революционная деятельность первого уполномоченного НКИД РСФСР в Монголии О. И. Макстенека (по данным отечественных и зарубежных архивов)". Oriental studies 15, nr 1 (15.04.2022): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2022-59-1-37-50.
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Scientific historical literature highly estimates the activities of Russian party executives, Comintern members, military specialists, diplomats and Buryat national democrats to have played an essential role in the implementation of the Mongolian Revolution. However, those research works pay little attention to the life and deeds of O. I. Makstenek — Soviet diplomat and first authorized representative of the RSFSR People’s Foreign Affairs Commissariat to Mongolia — who had significantly contributed to the success of the Mongolian Revolution of 1921. Goals. The study seeks to identify and analyze archival documents about revolutionary efforts of O. I. Makstenek and his work as Soviet Russia’s authorized diplomatic representative to Mongolia contained in Russian and foreign depositories. The objectives to be solved thereto include as follows: 1) analysis of files of a criminal investigation against O. I. Makstenek from the State Archives of the Russian Federation, 2) analysis of the report titled ‘Outcomes of Activities of RSFSR Foreign Affairs Commissariat’s Plenipotentiary to Mongolia O. I. Makstenek from June 1, 1920 to March 1921’ and housed by Archives of Mongolia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 3) introduction of documents about O. I. Makstenek from the State Historical Archives affiliated to the National Archives of Latvia (collections ‘Baltic District Security Department’, ‘Police Department of Riga Uyezd’, ‘Gendarme Department of Livland Uyezd’, 4) identification and analysis of documents stored at the Russian State Archive of Sociopolitical History, 5) exploration of archival documents about O. I. Makstenek’s activities in his diplomatic position at the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation, 6) analyses of materials from the State Archive of Khabarovsk Krai. Conclusions. The archival documents show O. I. Makstenek as a notable historical figure whose life and deeds provide further details on revolutionary events during the 1900s to 1920s in Livland, Irkutsk Governorate, Transbaikalia and Mongolia, little-known aspects of confrontation between Makstenek and executives of the Far Eastern Republic, Troitskosavsk Communists, on strictness and inevitability of Party’s penalties throughout that period. It is his work as authorized representative of the RSFSR People’s Foreign Affairs Commissariat to Mongolia that can be viewed a pinnacle of his revolutionary activities when he made a most significant contribution to the victory of the Mongolian Revolution of 1921 — thereafter virtually to become a common Soviet functionary, mid-level executive in judicial authorities, industrial sphere, banking and customs services.
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Moriarty, Jeffrey. "How Much Compensation Can CEOs Permissibly Accept?" Business Ethics Quarterly 19, nr 2 (kwiecień 2009): 235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/beq200919212.
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ABSTRACT:Debates about the ethics of executive compensation are dominated by familiar themes. Many writers consider whether the amount of pay CEOs receive is too large—relative to firm performance, foreign CEO pay, or employee pay. Many others consider whether the process by which CEOs are paid is compromised by weak or self-serving boards of directors. This paper examines the issue from a new perspective. I focus on the duties executives themselves have with respect to their own compensation. I argue that CEOs’ fiduciary duties place a moral limit on how much compensation they can accept, and hence seek in negotiation, from their firms. Accepting excessive compensation leaves the beneficiaries of their duties (e.g., shareholders) worse off, and thus is inconsistent with observing those duties.
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Leeds-Hurwitz, Wendy, i Lillian Trager. "Workshops in Intercultural Communication". Practicing Anthropology 9, nr 3 (1.07.1987): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.9.3.217m85t8tg9483kh.
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As many as 100,000 American business executives work overseas at any given time, while increasing numbers of foreign executives are coming to the United States, often for periods of several years. At the same time, many American institutions, such as schools and hospitals, are finding that their personnel must deal with a wide variety of intercultural situations without ever leaving the United States. In most cases, those involved in intercultural interaction, whether in the United States or overseas, have little preparation for or understanding of cultural differences, and they frequently have difficulty dealing with the situations they face.
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Batalla, Eric Vincent C. "Grand corruption scandals in the Philippines". Public Administration and Policy 23, nr 1 (10.06.2020): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pap-11-2019-0036.
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PurposeThe purpose of this article is to analyse the weaknesses of governance institutions in constraining grand corruption arising from the government procurement of large foreign-funded infrastructure projects in the Philippines. The weaknesses are revealed in the description and analysis of two major scandals, namely, the construction of the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant during the Marcos era and the National Broadband Network project of the Arroyo presidency.Design/methodology/approachThis research employs a historical and comparative case approach to explore patterns of grand corruption and their resolution. Primary and secondary data sources including court decisions, congressional records, journal articles and newspaper reports are used to construct the narratives for each case.FindingsTop-level executive agreements that do not require competitive public bidding provide an opportunity for grand corruption. Such agreements encourage the formation of corrupt rent-seeking relationships involving the selling firm, brokers, politicians and top-level government executives. Closure of cases of grand corruption is a serious problem that involves an incoherent and politically vulnerable prosecutorial and justice system.Originality/valueThis paper aims to contribute to research on grand corruption involving the executive branch in the Philippines, particularly in the procurement of large, foreign-funded government projects. It examines allegations of improprieties in government project contracting and the politics of resolving corruption scandals through the justice system.
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Kaur, Rupinder, i Balwinder Singh. "CEOs’ Characteristics and Firm Performance: A Study of Indian Firms". Indian Journal of Corporate Governance 11, nr 2 (14.11.2018): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974686218806714.
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The centre of interest of this research article is the association between chief executive officer (CEO) characteristics and firm performance. Employing a sample of Nifty 500 firms, the support found recommends that demographic and job-related characteristics may be related with the firm’s financial performance. We consider CEO gender, duality, nationality, remuneration and education level as CEO characteristics and we employ return on assets (ROA) as a representative for firm performance. This study widens the understanding of the important function played by the CEO and provides better insight into CEO-specific variables. Specifically, the reported findings specify a positive relationship between CEO remuneration and firm performance, thus indicating that compensation acts as a good inducement for executives to yield finer firm performance while CEO nationality appears to inhibit it, steering foreign directors to a minority spot. This implies that remuneration should be more thoughtfully attached to performance, so that proficient CEOs are not lured by more tempted compensation elsewhere and the decision to engage foreign nationals to company boards must be based on norms other than the firm’s future financial performance.
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Joosub, T., i D. Coldwell. "Factors driving the location investment decision of South African MNEs: Senior executives’ perceptions". Southern African Business Review 20, nr 1 (27.03.2019): 492–529. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1998-8125/6061.
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As trade barriers fell, South African enterprises faced new competition in their previously protected home market. With established markets becoming saturated, multinational enterprises (MNEs) steered towards emerging markets abroad. Geographically, South Africa is an intrinsic part of Africa, and psychic distance, defined as consisting of, inter alia, differences in language, culture and business practices, can disturb the flow of business between an enterprise and the world. Physical proximity to countries makes it easier for enterprises to understand the culture and business practices, and reduces the uncertainty and risk of the new market. Perceived distance into Africa and elsewhere is also influenced by the specific consumer attributes and behaviours. Enterprises perform best in foreign markets where consumer behaviour is most receptive to a company’s goods and services. The study empirically investigated perceptions of psychic distance and foreign consumer factors in FDI decision making by senior executives of South African MNEs. The findings suggest that psychic distance is relatively unimportant and foreign consumer factors relatively important in FDI decision making
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Mangorin, Madei. "Managing Human Resources in Ghana : A guide For Foreign Executives - book review". African Journal of Business and Economic Research 15, nr 1 (15.03.2020): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/1750-4562/2020/15n1a10.
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Piaskowska, Dorota, i Grzegorz Trojanowski. "The role of executives' formative-years international experience in foreign acquisition decisions". Academy of Management Proceedings 2012, nr 1 (lipiec 2012): 14753. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2012.14753abstract.
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Hatane, Saarce Elsye, Felicia Prayogo Wibowo i Hendri Kwistianus. "Intellectual Capital, Foreign and Female Executives in the Profitability of Indonesia’s Banks". International Journal of Organizational Behavior and Policy 3, nr 1 (31.01.2024): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/ijobp.3.1.15-26.
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In order to produce profits for Indonesian banking firms, this study is to investigate the qualities of the board of directors as leaders in business management and their capacity to handle intellectual capital. The observation period was in 2016-2020. The observed characteristic of the board of directors is the role of foreign directors and female directors. The results of the study show that foreign directors reduce Return on Assets. It seems that the domestic boards of banking companies in Indonesia have a better understanding and control of market conditions in Indonesia so that they are able to increase bank profitability. Similarly, female directors who excel at managing asset banks in Indonesia. Managerial banks in Indonesia, on the other hand, are able to manage their intellectual capital to maximize profits, both through asset and equity management. This study contributes to the validation of the upper-echelon theory, which demonstrates the function of top management teams in firm management.
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Yang, Yi, i Hongmei Zhang. "Review of research on ESG performance, executive background and firm value". Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences 4, nr 3 (28.03.2024): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/q8gmb734.
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Under the background of green development theory and high-quality development, it is of great significance to promote enterprises to practice ESG development concept. By combing the relevant literature, this paper finds that foreign scholars have studied ESG earlier than domestic scholars, and the research results are also more. Current studies on ESG performance and enterprise value mainly focus on the impact of environment, social responsibility and corporate governance on enterprise value. Few studies focus on the overall impact of ESG performance on enterprise value, and scholars have not reached a consensus on the impact of ESG performance on enterprise value. Some scholars put forward that ESG is positively correlated with enterprise value, some scholars believe that there is no significant relationship between ESG components and enterprise value, and some scholars believe that ESG is not correlated with enterprise value. The differences in the results may be due to differences in how ESG performance is measured, or it may be due to the different countries and stages of development of the companies studied. Most foreign studies are based on enterprises in developed markets, and there is relatively little research on enterprises in emerging markets like China. In addition, few studies have addressed the transmission mechanism of the role of ESG performance and firm value, let alone considered the mediating role of executive background. Therefore, this paper studies the relationship between ESG performance and firm value of listed companies under the background of China's market economy. Secondly, it introduces the background of senior executives to explore whether the background of senior executives plays a certain role in the relationship between the two.
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Roberto, Michael, Grace Chun Guo i Crystal X. Jiang. "Chang'an Automobile and the Chinese automotive industry". Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 1, nr 4 (1.10.2011): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20450621111187380.
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TitleChang'an Automobile and the Chinese automotive industry.Subject areaInternational businessStudy level/applicabilityUndergraduate/graduate/executive education.Case overviewChina has become the world's largest producer of automobiles, surpassing the USA and Japan. The Chinese auto industry differs quite significantly from those countries though. While the industry exhibits a substantial degree of concentration in the USA and Japan in early 2011, it remained highly fragmented in China. The Chinese Central Government had announced a desire for consolidation, yet it remained unclear whether a significant shakeout would occur in the near term.Like many Chinese automakers, Chang'an partnered with well‐known global auto makers to develop, produce, and distribute its products. In the coming years, Chang'an hoped to develop more independence from its foreign partners, including the production and distribution of self‐branded cars. However, the company grappled with how it could strive for independence while managing its existing joint ventures. Executives worried too about how to compete with foreign automakers who had achieved global economies of scale.The case provides a rich description of the evolution of the Chinese auto industry, and it documents how the Chinese industry differs from other global markets. Readers can analyze the extent to which they believe scale economies provide foreign firms an advantage over smaller Chinese rivals, and they can evaluate the conventional wisdom regarding the industry's minimum efficient scale. The case also provides a detailed account of Chang'an's rise to prominence. The case concludes by offering an in‐depth description of the firm's key rivals, and it presents the key questions being considered by Chang'an executives in 2011.Expected learning outcomesEnables students to examine how and why an industry's structure can differ substantially across geographic markets. Enables students to examine whether the need to achieve economies of scale may cause substantial consolidation in the Chinese auto industry. Provides an opportunity to evaluate the pros and cons of the joint venture strategies employed in China. Provides an opportunity to examine how a relatively small firm can position itself against large multinationals in a high‐growth emerging market.Supplementary materialsTeaching notes.
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Blitz, Mark. "Letter from America: President Bush’s Foreign Policy". Government and Opposition 25, nr 2 (1.04.1990): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1990.tb00757.x.
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CRITICS ONCE ACCUSED PRESIDENT BUSH OF LACKING VISION. Why anyone would want a visionary's hand twitching over the nuclear button is, however, most unclear. Our recent visionaries — Marxist, Islamic and Nazi — do not inspire confidence in human justice and intellect. Actually, the ‘vision’ that people apparently had in mind is the limited kind that business school professors say chief executives must impart to their companies. More appropriately, ‘vision’ means a clear sense of where one is leading people and also every evidence that the leader believes that the destination is good, and that he and his followers will arrive there. Ronald Reagan had such vision in abundance: from the political perspective, ‘vision’ is the part of statesmanship composed primarily of persuasive charm in the service of a degree of strategic intelligence.
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Cohn, Margit. "NON-STATUTORY EXECUTIVE POWERS: ASSESSING GLOBAL CONSTITUTIONALISM IN A STRUCTURAL-INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT". International and Comparative Law Quarterly 64, nr 1 (19.12.2014): 65–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589314000554.
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AbstractThis article analyses the source, nature, and use of unilateral, non-statutory executive powers, frequently employed as a governance tool but rarely studied in a comparative context. Exercised in the absence of direct statutory authorization, such powers are often invoked by executives in emergency and foreign affairs contexts, but are equally central to domestic policy-making. Unilateral executive power challenges two central democratic values that support the separation of powers ideal: representation and deliberation. Different structural treatments of these powers are considered through a comparison of three constitutional regimes, those of the United States, the United Kingdom and Israel. Despite material structural differences between these systems, the emerging patterns are similar enough to support the argument that direct law-making by the executive is an unavoidable element of the political sphere. Developing a template for comparison analysis, this article shows that a pattern of functional convergence has emerged, unsupported by overt transplantation or borrowing between these systems. The results set a possible challenge to the growing recognition of global world constitutionalism, at least in structural-institutional contexts.
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Uwuigbe, Uwalomwa, Eluyela Damilola Felix, Olubukola Ranti Uwuigbe, Obarakpo Teddy i Falola Irene. "Corporate governance and quality of financial statements: a study of listed Nigerian banks". Banks and Bank Systems 13, nr 3 (19.07.2018): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.13(3).2018.02.
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This study investigated the influence of Corporate governance on the timeliness of financial reports of listed banks in Nigeria. In order to provide answers to the research questions raised in this study, data were generated from the annual report of the listed banks on the Nigerian Stock Exchange considering the period 2008–2015. The study used Board size, Board Independence and Foreign Executives on the board as proxies for corporate governance. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation matrix and panel data regression analysis. It was observed that board size had a non-significant negative relationship with the timeliness of financial reports. Also, the study observed that board independence also had a non-significant negative relationship with the timeliness of financial reports. Finally, it was observed that foreign executives on the board had a significant positive relationship with the timeliness of financial reports. The study thus recommends that the existing legal framework in Nigeria should be developed that clearly specifies the rights and obligations of a bank, its management and, of course, other stakeholders.
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Franck, Thomas M. "Rethinking War Powers: By Law or by “Thaumaturgic Invocation”?" American Journal of International Law 83, nr 4 (październik 1989): 766–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203365.
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In matters of foreign relations and national security, Presidents believe they know best, because they, alone, possess the information, advice and range of means to meet an imminent threat. It follows that when the judiciary or the Congress seeks to second-guess the exercise of what Chief Executives now are pleased to call the “foreign relations and national security power,” they are regarded as gratuitous intermeddlers. This is nowhere more tenaciously asserted by Presidents than in matters pertaining to the deployment of U.S. armed forces for combat abroad.
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Dumludag, Devrim. "AN ANALYSIS OF THE DETERMINANTS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN TURKEY: THE ROLE OF THE INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT". Journal of Business Economics and Management 10, nr 1 (31.03.2009): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1611-1699.2009.10.15-30.
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This paper tries to empirically verify the argument that institutional factors such as enforcement mechanisms, political and economic stability, stable and reliable, transparent legal and regulatory framework and corruption are critical in explaining the behaviour of the foreign direct investment inflows in Turkey. The main objective of the study is to ascertain the nature of the obstacles and impediments to the greater flow of foreign direct investments into Turkish economy for the recent period by focusing on the results of a questionnaire applied to the executives of 52 multinational corporations operating in Turkey in 2006.
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Senashenko, Vasiliy Savelievich, i Margarita Konstanitinovna Marushina. "Business game in corporate training as an effective method of competences development". Современное образование, nr 3 (marzec 2018): 94–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8736.2018.3.27318.
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The object of this research is the business games as an effective method of corporate training for the acting executives and candidate pool. The subject of this research is the impact of business gamed upon the development of specific competences of the executives. The authors compare the Russian and foreign experience of conducting business games in corporate training, highlighting such aspects that the corporate training specialists are guided by in elaboration and selection of business games for the high-profile and demanding audience. The study is based on the analysis of Russian and foreign publication dedicated to corporate training, business games and innovative teaching methods for adults, as well as empirical data acquired as a result of elaboration and performance of corporate training of the candidate pool of the aerospace industry by one of the co-authors in 2017-2018. It is concluded that the method of business games is effective if adheres to the androgogic training principles, including systematicity, learning though experience, reflexivity, etc. In such case, it leads to achievement of such pedagogical goals as involvement of the participants in educational process, formation of new practical skills, development of competences, and so forth. The scientific novelty lies in paying sufficient attention to analysis of the impact of business games upon the development of competences of the executives. The materials can be used in development of modular programs of candidate pool training in the corporations.
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Huang, Sheng, Guangyu Ye i Suqin Shen. "Initial entry speed and international performance of INVs". Chinese Management Studies 14, nr 1 (21.11.2019): 297–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-03-2019-0115.
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Purpose In the literature concerning international new ventures (INVs), there has been a tension between the learning advantages of newness and absorptive capacity perspectives for explaining the performance influence of initial entry speed. To address this tension, this paper, through integrating both the motivation and ability to acquire foreign knowledge, proposes a theoretical model about the nonlinear relationship between INVs’ initial entry speed and international performance. Drawing upon upper echelons theory and the institution-based view, this study aims to extend the literature by developing two boundary conditions for this relationship: the moderating role of executives’ individual learning orientation and sub-national institutions. Design/methodology/approach The authors used the latent moderated structural equations approach specific to Mplus to test the hypotheses with data on 322 Chinese INVs. Findings The findings indicate that INVs’ international performance will increase initially and then decrease, as they accelerate initial entry speed (an inverted U-shaped relationship), and that INVs managed by executives with a higher learning orientation and located in better sub-national institutional environments achieve greater international growth gains from moderate initial entry speed. Originality/value This study mainly makes contributions to the INV literature by integrating the motivation and ability to acquire foreign knowledge to offer full understanding of the effect of initial entry speed on international performance, and by elaborating on the moderating effects of executives’ individual learning orientation and sub-national institutions on this relationship.
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Albahar, Saood Mohammad Hassan, i Rabiul Islam. "Factors of international trade and environmental degradation in the UAE: Moderating role of foreign investor characteristics". Journal of Governance and Regulation 12, nr 1 (2023): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgrv12i1art11.
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The purpose of the study is to identify the moderating role of economic factors of foreign investor over the relationship between economic factors and environmental degradation in Dubai which is among the fastest-growing economies and is attracting foreign direct investments (FDI) at the best. In order to meet the objectives of the study two hypotheses were developed. The first hypothesis deals with the direct effect of economic dimensions of foreign direct investment (Alkathiri, 2022), whereas, the second hypothesis deals with the moderating impact of foreign investor characteristics over the relationship between economic dimensions of foreign direct investment and environmental degradation. Both hypotheses have been checked over the primary data collected from the executives of multinational companies operating in Dubai. The findings of the study revealed that economic dimensions of foreign direct investment have a significant impact on environmental degradation. Likewise, foreign investor characteristics hold a significant moderating role in the significant relationship between economic factors of foreign direct investment and environmental degradation (Khan & Agha, 2015). The study showed some limitations and opened the horizons for future research.
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Barłożewski, Krystian. "Is Foreign Expansion an Effective Way to Boost Sales and Profits?" Journal of Management and Financial Sciences, nr 32 (27.07.2019): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/jmfs.2018.32.5.
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This paper posits, based on the data set covering an 8‑year period between 2006 and 2013, that Polish firms show an inverted U-curve relationship between multinationality and performance. At the beginning of internationalization a short stage of rising performance might be observed, however, quickly rising costs stemming from the liability of newness and foreignness lead to a fall in performance. This is not only contrary to the predictions resulting from the traditional S-curve analysis but also indicates that executives’ high expectations regarding foreign expansion might be a sign of a “global illusion”.
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Loriot, Blake, Elaine Hutson i Hue Hwa Au Yong. "Equity-linked executive compensation, hedging and foreign exchange exposure: Australian evidence". Australian Journal of Management 45, nr 1 (10.05.2019): 72–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0312896219830158.
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Using a sample of 268 Australian firms over the period 2009–2014, we examine the relation between the equity-linked compensation (shares and options) of Australian executives – CEOs, CFOs and directors – and firms’ foreign exchange hedging programmes. We find that the greater the number of shares held by CEOs, the higher its exposure to exchange rate movements. While this suggests that remuneration in the form of shares has a critical downside, we also find evidence for a more positive and important role in foreign exchange risk management for the share- and option-related incentives provided to CFOs. JEL Classification: G32, G15, F31
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Boucher, Jean-Christophe. "Canadian Foreign Defense Policy: Keeping up with Changing Global Landscapes". Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare 7, nr 1 (31.05.2024): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/jicw.v7i1.6652.
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On April 18, 2024, Dr. Jean-Christophe Boucher presented Canadian Foreign Defense Policy: Keeping up with Changing Global Landscapes at the CASIS April Digital Roundtable. The presentation was followed by a question-and- answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were the need for greater defense spending in Canada and Dr. Boucher’s study on the factors contributing to public support for greater defense spending. The study found that the presence of external threats determines support for funding, however socio-demographic factors may also correlate to individuals’ views on defense spending. Received: 05-01-2024 Revised: 05-05-2024
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Liu, Yang, Zhouyu Lin, Meichen Dong i Yuan Tian. "Foreign Executives as the Crown Jewels: A Resource Dependence Explanation of International Hiring". Academy of Management Proceedings 2019, nr 1 (1.08.2019): 11232. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2019.11232abstract.
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Ogliastri, Enrique, i Carlos Quintanilla. "Building cross-cultural negotiation prototypes in Latin American contexts from foreign executives' perceptions". Journal of Business Research 69, nr 2 (luty 2016): 452–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.06.051.
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