Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Food webs

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Food webs”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 22 czerwca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Food webs"

FAIRWEATHER, PETER G. "Food Webs". Austral Ecology 30, nr 6 (wrzesień 2005): 710–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2005.01497.x.

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Dormann, Carsten F. "Food webs". Basic and Applied Ecology 5, nr 4 (wrzesień 2004): 381–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2004.04.005.

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Frank van Veen, F. J. "Food webs". Current Biology 19, nr 7 (kwiecień 2009): R281—R283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.01.026.

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Cohen, J. E., R. A. Beaver, S. H. Cousins, D. L. DeAngelis, L. Goldwasser, K. L. Heong, R. D. Holt i in. "Improving Food Webs". Ecology 74, nr 1 (styczeń 1993): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1939520.

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BECKERMAN, ANDREW P., i OWEN L. PETCHEY. "Infectious food webs". Journal of Animal Ecology 78, nr 3 (maj 2009): 493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01538.x.

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Kikkawa, J. "Microcosm food webs". Trends in Ecology & Evolution 16, nr 6 (1.06.2001): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(01)02129-2.

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Legovic, Tarzan. "Community food webs". Ecological Modelling 59, nr 3-4 (grudzień 1991): 294–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(91)90184-3.

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DeAngelis, Donald L. "Community food webs". Trends in Ecology & Evolution 6, nr 3 (marzec 1991): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(91)90187-3.

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Pimm, Stuart L. "Food webs too food webs: integration of patterns and dynamics". Trends in Ecology & Evolution 11, nr 8 (sierpień 1996): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(96)81138-4.

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Thakur, Madhav P. "Climate warming and trophic mismatches in terrestrial ecosystems: the green–brown imbalance hypothesis". Biology Letters 16, nr 2 (luty 2020): 20190770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0770.

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Anthropogenic climate change can give rise to trophic mismatches in food webs owing to differential responses of consumer and resource organisms. However, we know little about the community and ecosystem level consequences of trophic mismatches in food webs. Terrestrial food webs are broadly comprised of two types of food webs: green food webs aboveground and brown food webs belowground between which mass and energy flow mainly via plants. Here, I highlight that the extent of warming-induced trophic mismatches in green and brown food webs differ owing to a greater stasis in brown food webs, which could trigger an imbalance in mass and energy flow between the two food webs. I then discuss the consequences of green–brown imbalance on terrestrial ecosystems and propose research avenues that can help understand the relationships between food webs and ecosystem functions in a warmer world.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Food webs"

Compte, Ciurana Jordi. "Food webs of Mediterranean coastal wetlands". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7879.

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En aquesta tesi doctoral s'han estudiat els efectes directes i indirectes de dos tipus d'espècies claus de la comunitat aquàtica dels aiguamolls de l'Empordà (aiguamolls costaners mediterranis amb una xarxa tròfica senzilla). S'han realitzat experiments al camp utilitzant microcosmos i mesocosmos i els resultats han estat analitzats mitjançant tres aproximacions: la taxonòmica, la funcional i la de mides. S'ha comprovat que en situacions amb absència de predadors i dominància d'una única espècie en el zooplàncton (en aquest cas Calanipeda aquaedulcis i Daphnia magna), la segregació del recurs entre els diferents estadis de desenvolupament de la mateixa espècie zooplanctònica és una estratègia per evitar la competència intraespecífica en condicions de limitació de recurs. Per altra banda, la presència de diferents top-predators a la comunitat aquàtica (en aquest cas la medusa Odessia maeotica i el peix Aphanius iberus) desencadena una cascada tròfica en el plàncton però amb efectes top-down diferents segons el top-predator.
In this PhD, direct and indirect effects of key species were studied in the aquatic community of the Empordà wetlands (Mediterranean coastal wetlands with a simple food web). Different field experiments were carried out using microcosms and mesocosms. To analyze the results, three approaches were used: taxonomic, functional and size-based. Results obtained from the experiments confirm that, in situation with absence of predator and dominance of single zooplanktonic specie (in this case Calanipeda aquaedulcis and Daphnia magna), resource partitioning among different developmental stages of same zooplanktonic specie is a strategy to reduce the intraespecific competence when the resource is limiting. On the other hand, the presence of different top-predators in aquatic community (in this case the jellyfish Odessia maeotica and the Iberian toothcarp Aphanius iberus) triggers a trophic cascade in plankton, however they have different top-down effects according to top-predator.

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Vander, Zanden M. Jake. "Trophic position in aquatic food webs". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ55390.pdf.

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Chasnoff, Beth. "Food webs of the Cosumnes River, CA /". For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Gudmundson, Sara. "Stabilizing factors in spatially structured food webs". Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Theoretical Biology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-18657.

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Ecological models have problems showing the positive relationship between diversity and stability found in nature. Theory states that complex food webs have high extinction risks and low stability. However, persistent food webs found in nature are large and complex containing many interconnections between species. There are many possible mechanisms enabling persistent food webs such as; complex interaction patterns, asynchronous fluctuations of species densities, environmental fluctuations and spatial distribution. These factors have not been used in classical models. In this study, coloured environmental 1/f noise and dispersal between subpopulations were incorporated into a diamond shaped food web based on a model by Vasseur and Fox 2007. Contradictions between theoretical and empirical results regarding food webs can be resolved by detailed analyses of models, withholding stabilizing mechanisms. Weak environmental 1/f noise generated an increased coefficient of stability but the stabilizing effect of noise can be questioned because of a decreased mean food web biomass and reduced stabilizing effect when reddened. However, detailed studies of the food web revealed that noise can redistribute density proportions between species, evading lowest species density and thereby increase food web resistance to demographic stochasticity and catastrophes. Noise induced density proportion shifts imply that large population sizes are no insurance towards future increase in environmental variance. Synchrony of species environmental responses and dispersal between subpopulations can both have major influences on stability and extinction risk of smaller food webs indicating that spatial structure could be one of the dominating factors stabilizing complex food webs found in nature.

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Teng, Jack 1979. "Structure and energetics in theoretical food webs". Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80884.

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This thesis studies how structure and energetics influence complex food web dynamics. In Chapter 1, I approach the question by studying a simple food web model that can be modified to include different structural and energetic features. In Chapter 2, I study stability and food web properties in assembled webs that are structured by body-size restrictions and a generalist-specialist tradeoff. The results of both chapters suggest that structure and energetics must be considered to understand food web dynamics. In Chapter 1, I find that food web structure can be modified by weak and strong energetic flows and stabilize dynamics through asynchrony. In Chapter 2, I find that food web assembly with different assemblages of generalists or specialists leads to structures that have corresponding differences in the stability and properties of food webs. Hence, my thesis reexamines the relationship of complexity and dynamics from a topological and energetic framework.

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McQuaid, Christopher Finn. "Complex food webs : the role of parasites". Thesis, University of Bath, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648943.

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Parasites are vital aspects of an ecosystem, and yet have only recently begun to be included in theoretical studies of food webs. There are numerous reasons for this neglect, but recent interest has arisen in remedying the situation. Key to the addition of parasites are various structural features that ecological networks display, and the mechanisms behind them. We look at two of these features, nestedness and downward asymmetry, and describe mathematically the forces that create them. We discover from the basic reproductive ratio that population dynamics are insufficient to drive nested and anti-nested patterns in host-parasite networks, and instead we demonstrate the manner in which adaptive dynamics may be used to explain patterns through the coevolution of species interaction traits. We use the same technique in a mutualistic network in order to compare results. Following this, we use the basic reproductive ratio to demonstrate how the population dynamics of infectious systems promote the presence of trophic parasites in particular interaction motifs, and discuss the implications of the addition of parasites to the stability of ecological networks as a whole. In summary, we demonstrate that the optimal use of resources by species in order to promote population growth results in two important structural patterns of host-parasite networks. Insights gained from this motivate us to investigate the importance of parasites on models of food web dynamics, and in particular, their stability.

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Read, Daniel Steven. "Molecular analysis of subterranean detritivore food webs". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2007. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55689/.

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Insect- and mollusc-parasitic nematodes are widely used for the biological control of soil-dwelling pests. Despite being used successfully to control a broad range of pest species in a variety of different crops, there have been many examples of pest control failures. Although the abiotic factors that influence the short-term persistence of nematodes are well understood, there is a lack of knowledge about the biotic factors. PCR-probes were designed and tested for the detection of three species of mollusc- and insect-parasitic nematodes: Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, Heterorhabditis megidis and Steinernema feltiae. These probes were used successfully to amplify nematode DNA from the gut of microarthropod predators. Potential sources of error and variation in prey detection times were tested and quantified, including nematode phoresy, scavenging, changes in temperature and predator body size. Field trials and molecular screening were used to identify predators of nematodes in the field, including the surface-dwelling collembola Isotoma viridis and Isotomurus palustris. Positive numerical responses by the surface-dwelling collembola indicated that immigration into nematode-sprayed (and hence food-rich) habitats was occurring. Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) was tested for monitoring the effects of nematode biopesticide application on soil-dwelling nematode abundance and community structure. Using this technique, it was possible to create a nematode 'community profile'. Furthermore, it was possible, using T-RFLP, to identify changes in the nematode community after the application P. hermaphrodita to the soil. The nematode-specific PCR primers were used in conjunction with primers designed to amplify DNA from mollusc and insect hosts, including Deroceras reticulatum, Tenebrio molitor and Steinernema feltiae. Using these primers, it was possible to detect nematode parasitism within the host and intraguild predation by the carabid Pterostichus melanarius on infected hosts. Choice-test feeding trials with P. melanarius were used to investigate the production of antifeedants by the nematode-bacterium complex within the host are widely used for the biological control of soil-dwelling pests. Despite being used successfully to control a broad range of pest species in a variety of different crops, there have been many examples of pest control failures. Although the abiotic factors that influence the short-term persistence of nematodes are well understood, there is a lack of knowledge about the biotic factors. PCR-probes were designed and tested for the detection of three species of mollusc- and insect-parasitic nematodes: Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, Heterorhabditis megidis and Steinernema feltiae. These probes were used successfully to amplify nematode DNA from the gut of microarthropod predators. Potential sources of error and variation in prey detection times were tested and quantified, including nematode phoresy, scavenging, changes in temperature and predator body size. Field trials and molecular screening were used to identify predators of nematodes in the field, including the surface-dwelling collembola Isotoma viridis and Isotomurus palustris. Positive numerical responses by the surface-dwelling collembola indicated that immigration into nematode-sprayed (and hence food-rich) habitats was occurring. Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) was tested for monitoring the effects of nematode biopesticide application on soil-dwelling nematode abundance and community structure. Using this technique, it was possible to create a nematode 'community profile'. Furthermore, it was possible, using T-RFLP, to identify changes in the nematode community after the application P. hermaphrodita to the soil. The nematode-specific PCR primers were used in conjunction with primers designed to amplify DNA from mollusc and insect hosts, including Deroceras reticulatum, Tenebrio molitor and Steinernema feltiae. Using these primers, it was possible to detect nematode parasitism within the host and intraguild predation by the carabid Pterostichus melanarius on infected hosts. Choice-test feeding trials with P. melanarius were used to investigate the production of antifeedants by the nematode-bacterium complex within the host.

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Wootton, Louise Sarah. "Salt-flocculated organic matherial as a food source in estuarine food webs". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27750.

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Large amounts of particulate material were found to flocculate from water collected from local, organic rich streams upon addition of salt water. This material was found to compose approximately 50% humic substances and to have a C:N ratio of about 50:1. Feeding studies using floe having various degrees of bacterial colonisation showed that bacterial abundance was an important determinant of the palatability of this material to the copepod grazer, Tigriopus californicus. Palatability of flocculant particles increased linearly with increasing bacterial abundances in the range of 0-10⁶ cells • mL⁻¹, while increases in bacterial abundances above this concentration resulted in lower than expected grazing rates. Further inoculations with single strains of bacteria isolated from the floe showed that this increased palatability occurred with only certain components of the floe fauna. Ingestion of floe colonised by a "normal" bacterial fauna was found to be beneficial for the survival of Cl and adult stages of Tigriopus and was found to sustain egg production of inseminated females. The presence of floe did not, however, result in the improved survival of the earlier naupliar stages of Tigriopus. Mass spectrometric analyses suggest that significant amounts of carbon are assimilated from floe made from water collected during the winter months. As floe is ingested at very low rates in the absence of colonising microbes, benefit from the ingestion of floe is postulated to result from the conversion of floe carbon into microbial biomass and the subsequent assimilation of those microbes by the copepod grazer. The fact that few differences exist between the IR-spectra of floe food and the faecal material derived from copepods fed a floe diet suggests that little change is undergone by the bulk of the organic matrix during ingestion and passage through the copepod gut. Ingestion of floe may therefore work to protect the flocculant material from subsequent microbial degradation by compacting the material into pellets which will be rapidly delivered to the sediments as a result of high sinking rates. Feeding studies with a variety of species collected from local coastal waters suggest that a wide spectrum of organisms may ingest flocculant material when that material is present in their environs. As flocculant material is primarily produced in the winter, a time when estuarine primary productivity is low, floe is postulated to play an important role in sustaining these organisms through periods of low food availability.
Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate

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Drakare, Stina. "The Role of Picophytoplankton in Lake Food Webs". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Limnology, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-2710.

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Picophytoplankton were inferior competitors for inorganic phosphorus compared to heterotrophic bacteria. This may be due to the source of energy available for the heterotrophs, while cell-size was of minor importance. However, picophytoplankton were superior to large phytoplankton in the competition for nutrients at low concentrations.

Biomass of picophytoplankton was low in brownwater lakes and high in clearwater lakes, compared to the biomass of heterotrophic bacteria. The results suggest that picophytoplankton are inferior to heterotrophic bacteria in the competition for inorganic nutrients in brownwater lakes, where the production of heterotrophic bacteria is subsidized by humic dissolved organic carbon (DOC)

Relative to large phytoplankton, picophytoplankton were most important in lakes with intermediate water colour, despite the fact that the lowest nutrient concentrations were found in the clearwater lakes. Large phytoplankton in the clearwater lakes may be able to overcome nutrient competition with picophytoplankton by vertical migration.

In conclusion, changes in nutrient content, light availability and concentrations of DOC affect the interactions of heterotrophic bacteria, picophytoplankton and large phytoplankton and are therefore important factors for the structure of the food web in the pelagic zones of lakes.

Picophytoplankton (planktonic algae and cyanobacteria, < 2 µm) constitute an important component of pelagic food webs. They are linked to larger phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria through complex interactions including competition, commensalism and predation. In this thesis, field and laboratory studies on the competitive ability of picophytoplankton are reported.

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Borrvall, Charlotte. "Biodiversity and Species Extinctions in Model Food Webs". Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6660.

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Książki na temat "Food webs"

Polis, Gary A., i Kirk O. Winemiller, red. Food Webs. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7007-3.

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Food webs. Huntington Beach, CA: Teacher Created Materials, 2015.

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Food webs. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 2011.

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Food webs. New York: Rosen Central, 2010.

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Ballard, Carol. Food webs. New York: Rosen Central, 2010.

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Cohen, Joel E., Frédéric Briand i Charles M. Newman. Community Food Webs. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83784-5.

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Fleisher, Paul. Forest food webs. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications Co., 2008.

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Fleisher, Paul. Grassland food webs. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications Co., 2008.

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Gray, Susan Heinrichs. Food webs: Interconnecting food chains. Minneapolis, Minn: Compass Point Books, 2008.

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Exploring food chains and food webs. New York: PowerKids Press, 2012.

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Części książek na temat "Food webs"

Dunne, Jennifer A. "Food Webs". W Computational Complexity, 1155–76. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1800-9_72.

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Dunne, Jennifer A. "Food Webs". W Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, 3661–82. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30440-3_216.

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Winemiller, Kirk O., i Gary A. Polis. "Food Webs: What Can They Tell Us About the World?" W Food Webs, 1–22. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7007-3_1.

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DeAngelis, Donald L., Lennart Persson i Amy D. Rosemond. "Interaction of Productivity and Consumption". W Food Webs, 109–12. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7007-3_10.

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Abrams, Peter A. "Dynamics and Interactions in Food Webs with Adaptive Foragers". W Food Webs, 113–21. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7007-3_11.

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Arditi, Roger, i Jerzy Michalski. "Nonlinear Food Web Models and Their Responses to Increased Basal Productivity". W Food Webs, 122–33. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7007-3_12.

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Osenberg, Craig W., i Gary G. Mittelbach. "The Relative Importance of Resource Limitation and Predator Limitation in Food Chains". W Food Webs, 134–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7007-3_13.

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Rosemond, Amy D. "Indirect Effects of Herbivores Modify Predicted Effects of Resources and Consumption on Plant Biomass". W Food Webs, 149–59. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7007-3_14.

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Spiller, David A., i Thomas W. Schoener. "Food-Web Dynamics on Some Small Subtropical Islands: Effects of Top and Intermediate Predators". W Food Webs, 160–69. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7007-3_15.

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Strong, Donald R., John L. Maron i Peter G. Connors. "Top Down From Underground? The Underappreciated Influence of Subterranean Food Webs on Above-Ground Ecology". W Food Webs, 170–75. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7007-3_16.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Food webs"

BEREC, L. "POPULATION DYNAMICS ON COMPLEX FOOD WEBS". W International Symposium on Mathematical and Computational Biology. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814304900_0012.

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Thibon, Fanny, Lucas Weppe, Paco Bustamante, François Oberhänsli, Marc Metian, Carine Churlaud, Maryline Montanes i in. "Lithium isotopes in marine food webs". W Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.5106.

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Garvie, Marcus R., i Catalin Trenchea. "Biomanipulation of food-webs in eutrophic lakes". W 2007 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2007.4435049.

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Kuparinen, Anna, i Fernanda Valdovinos. "Effects of Fisheries on Complex Food Webs". W 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107603.

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Link, J. "(Re)Constructing Food Webs and Managing Fisheries". W Ecosystem Approaches for Fisheries Management. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/eafm.1999.41.

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Shaw, Jack O., Alexander M. Dunhill, Andrew P. Beckerman, Jennifer Dunne i Pincelli M. Hull. "METHODOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN INFERRING ANCIENT FOOD WEBS". W GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-352726.

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Kaspari, Michael. "Mapping brown food webs on biogeochemical gradients". W 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.91289.

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JOPP, FRED, DONALD L. DEANGELIS, HOCK LYE KOH, SU YEAN TEH, JOEL C. TREXLER i JIANG JIANG. "MODELING FOOD WEBS IN FLORIDA EVERGLADES MARSHLAND I". W Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on APAC 2009. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814287951_0031.

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JOPP, FRED, DONALD L. DEANGELIS, HOCK LYE KOH, SU YEAN TEH, JOEL C. TREXLER i JIANG JIANG. "MODELING FOOD WEBS IN FLORIDA EVERGLADES MARSHLAND II". W Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on APAC 2009. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814287951_0032.

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Banker, Roxanne M. W., Madeline Ess, Peter D. Roopnarine, Ashley Dineen i Carrie Tyler. "LATE ORDOVICIAN FOOD WEBS ACROSS THE RICHMONDIAN INVASION". W GSA Connects 2023 Meeting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Geological Society of America, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2023am-395221.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Food webs"

Carman, Kevin R., John W. Fleeger, Robert P. Gambrell i Ralph J. Portier. Interactive Effects of Metals and PAHs on Benthic Food Webs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, sierpień 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada628034.

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Carman, Kevin R., John W. Fleeger, Robert P. Gambrell i Ralph J. Portier. Interactive Effects of Metals and PAHs on Benthic Food Webs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, wrzesień 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada631614.

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Carman, Kevin R., John W. Fleeger, Robert P. Gambrell i Ralph J. Portier. Interactive Effects of Metals and PAHs on Benthic Food Webs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, wrzesień 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada621135.

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Pitt, Jordan A., Neelakanteswar Aluru i Hahn Hahn. Supplemental materials for book chapter: Microplastics in Marine Food Webs. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, grudzień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/29556.

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The identification of microplastics (MPs; 1 µm - 5 mm) and the inferred presence of nanoplastics (NPs; <1 µm) in a wide variety of marine animals, including many seafood species, has raised important questions about the presence, movement, and impacts of these particles in marine food webs. Understanding microplastic dynamics in marine food webs requires elucidation of the processes involved, including bioaccumulation, trophic transfer, and biomagnification. However, in the context of microplastics and nanoplastics these concepts are often misunderstood. In this chapter, we provide a critical review of the literature on the behavior of plastic particles in marine food webs. We find clear evidence of trophic transfer, equivocal evidence for bioaccumulation, and no evidence for biomagnification. We also identify a number of knowledge gaps that limit our ability to draw firm conclusions at this time. These supplemental documents are in support of an invited chapter to be published in this book: S.E. Shumway and J.E. Ward (Eds.) Plastics in the Sea: Occurrence and Impacts (Elsevier 2023).

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Mooney, Benjamin. Understanding the Efficiency of Energy Flow Through Aquatic Food Webs. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.2kg9dkp0ch.

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The efficiency of energy flow through aquatic food webs is crucial for ecosystem functioning. The energy available to higher trophic levels varies across ecosystems and is influenced by factors such as nutrient availability and species composition. Recent research indicates that temperature also plays a significant role in determining energy transfer efficiency. This essay addresses the factors contributing to variability in energy flow efficiency between aquatic ecosystems, with a focus on the impacts of global climate change. It explores how food web characteristics influence energy transfer between trophic levels and examines the challenges in understanding and estimating energy flow due to complex trophic relationships, spatial subsidies, and processes across multiple biological levels. The essay highlights the dynamic response of energy flow efficiency to climate changerelated environmental changes, such as rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and nutrient inputs. Additionally, it identifies gaps in our current understanding and suggests important avenues for further research to improve predictions of energy flow changes, essential for informing sustainable management strategies in the face of environmental change.

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Chiapella, Ariana. The Fate of Atmospherically Deposited Mercury in Mountain Lake Food Webs, and Implications for Fisheries Management. Portland State University Library, styczeń 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6967.

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Bottom, Daniel L., Greer Anderson i Antonio Baptisa. Salmon Life Histories, Habitat, and Food Webs in the Columbia River Estuary: An Overview of Research Results, 2002-2006. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), sierpień 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/941582.

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Cimino, Samuel. An Investigation of Invasion: Boater Knowledge Concerning Aquatic Invasive Species and the Influence of the New Zealand Mud Snail on Benthic Food Webs. Portland State University Library, styczeń 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2993.

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Axenrot, Thomas, i Erik Degerman. Ontogenetic variation in lacustrine European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus) populations as a response to ecosystem characteristics : an indicator of population sensitivity to environmental and climate stressors. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.5qdiolcgj2.

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Smelts play a key role in the pelagic ecosystem of large lakes in northern Europe and North America. In numbers, they often dominate the open water. In large lakes in Scandinavia (including Finland), European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus L.), a cold-water glacial relict, is commonly the most important prey for piscivorous fish species, but also acts by ontogenetic shifts as a predator on zoo-plankton, small crustaceans, fish larvae, mysids and occasionally – with increasing size - fish. Furthermore, the large numbers of smelt in the open water are important competitors to other planktivorous fish. Due to the diverse life histories and biological interactions of smelt in large lakes, its role in the food-web structure is expected to be variable. Smelt population dynamics, recruitment, size and age structure, growth, life history and mortality were analysed and compared for five Swedish lakes that varied in size, depth, morphology, trophic status and latitude to understand the varying life histories and roles in lake food-webs. The results showed that in shallow, eutrophic lakes smelt stayed small and short-lived, and populations experienced high mortality. In deeper, colder and less nutrient-rich lakes, smelts grew larger and older, and might shift to a piscivorous trophic level. By ontogenetic adaptions smelt seems to uphold high abundance and recruitment over a wide range of ecosystems, but in shallow lakes without cold water refuges smelt populations run the risk of collapsing on the occasion of extremely warm summers with drastic consequences for their predators and lake ecosystems.

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Leslie, Katie L., Rachel L. Welicky, Maureen A. Williams i Chelsea L. Wood. Parasite Biodiversity. American Museum of Natural History, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0150.

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In this module, students have the opportunity to discover the hidden world of parasites: they will come face to face with living parasites, learn about what differentiates parasites from free-living species, observe some common adaptations to a parasitic lifestyle, explore the ecological role of parasites in food webs, and assess how parasite abundance might change in a changing world. To accomplish these goals, this module includes an introductory PowerPoint presentation (including a video of parasite ecologist Dr. Chelsea L. Wood delivering this introductory lecture) and two exercises. The first exercise is a wet lab that involves dissecting an easy (and disturbing) source of live parasite material: fresh fish from your local seafood market. The second exercise is a computer lab that will allow students to engage with real data to answer the question: how do human impacts on ecosystems change the abundance of parasites in wildlife? This module will introduce students to the basics of parasite ecology and provide an opportunity to practice their data analysis and interpretation skills.

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