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Patel, Meeta R., Vipul Y. Patel, Ashley S. Andersen i Aida Miles. "Evaluating Outcome Measure Data for an Intensive Interdisciplinary Home-Based Pediatric Feeding Disorders Program". Nutrients 14, nr 21 (1.11.2022): 4602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14214602.
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Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary home-based feeding program, which is a unique service delivery model. Methods: Data were provided on oral intake, tube feeding elimination, and weight for patients who were dependent on tube feedings (n = 78). Weight data were collected for patients who showed failure to thrive (n = 49). Number of foods consumed and percentage of solids were collected for patients who were liquid-dependent (n = 23), and number of foods consumed were collected for patients who were food-selective (n = 61). Results: Data were analyzed using paired sample t-test with 95% confidence interval. For patients dependent on tube feedings, 81% achieved tube feeding elimination. Tube elimination was achieved after 8 months of treatment on average. All failure-to-thrive patients showed weight gain from baseline to discharge. For liquid-dependent patients, there was an increase in foods consumed from 2 foods at admission to 32 foods at discharge. For food selective patients, there was an increase from 4 foods at admission to 35 foods at discharge. For all dependent variables, results showed statistical significance and a large-sized effect. Conclusions: These data show that an intensive interdisciplinary home-based program can be successful in treating complex feeding problems in children.
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Pier, Jennifer, i Kirsi M. Järvinen. "Food allergy and breast-feeding". Journal of Food Allergy 2, nr 1 (1.09.2020): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/jfa.2020.2.200026.
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Breast-feeding is currently recommended as the optimal source of nutrition for infants; however, it is known that some individuals can excrete enough food antigens in breast milk to result in allergic reactions in infants, especially those already highly sensitized. These reactions can include non‐immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated reactions, such as atopic dermatitis or gastrointestinal symptoms, and IgE-mediated reactions, such as anaphylaxis, although rare. Food reactions in infants who are breast-fed is a unique challenge because identifying the culprit foods may be more difficult and special consideration must be taken in ensuring proper nutrition during periods of food avoidance for both the infant and mother. This article reviews what is currently known about food allergy in infants who are breast-fed as well as offers insights into a proposed evaluation.
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Kopczyńska, Ewa, i Katarzyna Zielińska. "Feeding the Body, Feeding the Gender". East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 30, nr 1 (2.03.2015): 147–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325415570964.
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Food and eating serve as an expression of social relations and roles as well as a mechanism sustaining or challenging social structure and roles. This also includes marking and reproducing gender roles and identities. With the profound social, cultural, and political changes that have taken place there recently, Poland offers an interesting case study for grasping the changing meaning of both food and gender and the relationship between them. The aim of this article is therefore twofold—to present available data on food choices among men and women (mostly dietary choices) and to offer a socio-cultural interpretation of the data by discussing it in the context of emerging food regimes and recent gender transformations. In other words, we will be interested in finding out how food is incorporated in doing gender in the Polish context and how it can be interpreted in the light of scholarly work on both gender and food.
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Hawkins, Julia M., Alyssa Bileck, Aurora Brown i Hannah Eckert. "Pediatric Feeding via Teletherapy Intervention". American Journal of Occupational Therapy 76, Supplement_1 (1.07.2022): 7610505045p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2022.76s1-po45.
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Abstract Date Presented 03/31/2022 This study researched the impact of tactile play on the oral acceptance of a nonpreferred wet food item among siblings. The results show preliminary evidence that using the SOS approach via teletherapy may increase the acceptance of aversive foods among children. The results inform OT practitioners about the use of the SOS approach alongside caregiver education. OT practitioners working with children with food aversions should consider play with wet food items before facilitating eating of the same foods. Primary Author and Speaker: Julia M. Hawkins Contributing Authors: Alyssa Bileck, Aurora Brown, Hannah Eckert
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MCDERMOTT, JOHN J., i PAMELA ROE. "Food, Feeding Behavior and Feeding Ecology of Nemerteans". American Zoologist 25, nr 1 (luty 1985): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/25.1.113.
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Boggs, Teresa, i Neina Ferguson. "A Little PEP Goes a Long Way in the Treatment of Pediatric Feeding Disorders". Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 1, nr 13 (31.03.2016): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/persp1.sig13.26.
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Feeding disorder in young children is a growing concern, particularly feeding challenges with sensory and/or behavioral underpinning. These feeding disorders are characterized by food refusal, anxiety when presented with novel foods, failure to advance to textured foods, and inappropriate mealtime behaviors. The Positive Eating Program (PEP) was developed to remediate feeding disorders by providing rich experiences in food vocabulary, positive sensory nonfood and food activities, and structured and predictable through trials.
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Voelz, Neal J., i J. V. Ward. "Microdistributions, food resources and feeding habits of filter-feeding Trichoptera in the Upper Colorado River". Archiv für Hydrobiologie 137, nr 3 (5.09.1996): 325–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/137/1996/325.
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Littler, Catherine. "Feeding Utopia". Journal of Critical Dietetics 6, nr 3 (2.03.2023): 144–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32920/cd.v6i3.1634.
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“Household food insecurity refers to the inadequate or insecure access to food because of financial constraints” (Tarasuk & Mitchell, 2020). More than 4 million Canadians are affected by food insecurity (McIntyre, et al., 2016; Tarasuk & Mitchell, 2020). Social factors such as income, are more significant determinants of food security and health than lifestyle choices (Mikkonen & Raphael, 2010). A Universal Basic Income (UBI) is a financial allowance granted to all working age citizens which ensures that there is a minimum income level, regardless of current or previous employment status (Forget, 2018). The available UBI research and similar programs such as the Universal Child Care Benefit (UCCB) and Old Age Security (OAS) have been shown to reduce food insecurity (McIntyre, et al., 2016, Brown & Tarasuk, 2019). This paper investigates how a Canadian Universal Basic Income could impact food insecurity by acting on the most influential determinant of health: income.
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Barnhill, Kelly, Amanda Tami, Claire Schutte, Laura Hewitson i Melissa L. Olive. "Targeted Nutritional and Behavioral Feeding Intervention for a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder". Case Reports in Psychiatry 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1420549.
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A variety of feeding issues and concerns, including food aversion, food selectivity, and complete food refusal, are not uncommon among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Other underlying issues are often comorbid with the concerns for feeding and ASD. These may include food allergies, gastrointestinal issues, oral motor issues, and swallowing disorders. The refusal to consume particular foods coupled with the inability to tolerate, digest, and absorb these foods can compromise an individual’s overall nutrition status. Therefore, a child’s behavior toward food and feeding activities has great impact on dietary intake, nutritional status, and growth. This case report is the first to document combined medical, behavioral, and nutritional intervention for a toddler with ASD and comorbid feeding disorder.
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Graham, David L. "Feeding Dog Food to Birds". AAV Today 1, nr 3 (1987): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27670258.
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Groetch, M. E., A. Tran i J. Wang. "Feeding Difficulties and Food Allergy". Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 129, nr 2 (luty 2012): AB229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.141.
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donofrio, gregory alexander. "Feeding the City". Gastronomica 7, nr 4 (2007): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2007.7.4.30.
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The food system has, until recently, been conspicuously absent from city and regional planning practice, education, and research. Earlier in the twentieth century, food issues were a central concern of the nascent planning profession. Primary and archival source materials examined for this paper indicate that the planning profession's interest in the sources of food and the efficiency of its route to consumers evolved through three stages. During the height of the City Beautiful movement between 1900 and 1909, planners like Charles Mulford Robinson saw urban markets as public nuisances best eliminated from city centers and residential districts. From 1909 to roughly World War I, planners such as George B. Ford embraced a more scientific approach to researching and addressing food distribution problems. In the interwar period, Clarence Stein and other notable regional planners began to consider the food system in its entirety. The modern food system planning movement is largely unaware of this important early legacy. In conclusion, two possible explanations are offered for why, despite a promising start, the food system failed to become a core discipline within the larger planning profession. Planners' earlier experiences with food industry executives and high-ranking officials of government agricultural agencies may offer meaningful insights into contemporary food system planning challenges and goals.
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Gillingham, Michael P., i Fred L. Bunnell. "Black-tailed deer feeding bouts: dynamic events". Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, nr 6 (1.06.1989): 1353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-193.
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Foraging bouts of captive black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus Richardson) were investigated to examine how searching for food affects diet selection. We determined food preference for three types of food under ad libitum conditions and then studied the foraging of two deer in a 0.5-ha, vegetation-free pen in which we controlled food availability and distribution of the same three types of food. Our hypotheses included the following: (i) clumping of preferred food into patches would enable animals to better exploit food distributions; (ii) the switch from preferred to lower-ranked food would be gradual as preferred food was less frequently encountered; and (iii) deer would respond to a lower abundance of preferred foods by eating more of lower-ranked food items at each feeding location. Searching for food alone did not alter diet selection from ad libitum conditions. Deer nearly exhausted their highly preferred food item before switching to lower-ranked ones. Amount of preferred food already eaten during a trial was positively correlated with the time that animals continued searching before switching to lower-ranked food items. Switching was related to amount and type of food encountered and not to amount of food in the pen. Clumping of the preferred food had no significant effect on the amount of food eaten, but did significantly influence types of food encountered by one deer. When preferred food was abundant, it was not always completely eaten the first time a feeding platform was visited. Increases in the intake rates of nonpreferred food items resulted from deer visiting more feeding stations containing nonpreferred food items and not from deer eating more food at each feeding station.
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Panfilova, V. N. "Pediatrician’s thoughts about infant feeding". Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics) 65, nr 1 (6.03.2020): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2020-65-1-100-104.
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This article discusses the common nutritional problems of children in their first years of life, leading to nutritional deficiency in infants. A high frequency of micronutrient and vitamin deficiencies in nutrition is observed in both nursing mothers and their children; it can be explained by a lack of awareness of parents about the rules of feeding, the introduction of complementary foods and the fear of introducing solid food to children, especially if they have typical functional gastrointestinal disorders. This problem is solved by the fulfillment of the available clinical feeding recommendations, the rules for the timely and safe introduction of complementary foods using high-quality industrial products to ensure the physiological needs of the child in food ingredients while observing the psychological comfort of the children and their parents.
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Bradford, M. M. V., i R. M. Gous. "A comparison of phase feeding and choice feeding as methods of meeting the amino acid requirements of growing pigs". Animal Science 52, nr 2 (kwiecień 1991): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100012848.
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ABSTRACTTwo experiments are reported in which a comparison was made of phase feeding and choice feeding as methods of meeting the changing amino acid requirements of growing pigs. In the first experiment, three feeding strategies were used: a system in which a single food (165 g protein per kg food) was offered throughout the growth period; a phase-feeding system, using five different treatments; and three choice-feeding treatments, in which the two diets offered differed only in their protein concentrations. The second experiment consisted of six treatments, three of which constituted a single feeding system, being a high, a medium, (the control) and a low protein food (240, 165 and 100 g protein per kg); there were two phase-feeding treatments, of three and five phases; and one treatment in which a choice was offered of the high and the low protein foods. In both experiments, group data were collected on Landrace × Large White pigs, sexes separate, during the growing period (30 to 90 kg). All pigs were weighed weekly, as was the amount of food consumed in each pen of 10 animals. Phase feeding improved food conversion efficiency (+4·4 g/kg) and caused a decline in both food intake (−45·3 g) and P2 backfat thickness (−0·4 mm) with each increment in the number of phases used. Results of the choice feeding treatments were not statistically significantly different from either the control or the phase feeding treatments. The intake of dietary protein was higher in the choice treatments than in the control (420 v. 370 g in experiment 1 and 345 v. 334 g in experiment 2). Where the two foods on offer differed only in protein content, pigs reduced the proportion of high protein food in the combination chosen by 0037 and 0·059 per week in the two experiments respectively, these linear trends being statistically highly significant. They were less successful in differentiating between the high protein food and maize, the proportion of high protein food chosen decreasing at a statistically significant rate of 0018 per week, but where the maize had not been supplemented with vitamins and minerals there was no significant trend in the way in which the pigs selected their diet, demonstrating the importance of the correct design of the two foods on offer in a choice-feeding programme.
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COSTA, Karla Adriana Oliveira da, Margarida Maria de Castro ANTUNES, Poliana Coelho CABRAL i Giselia Alves Pontes da SILVA. "Feeding style of adolescent mothers and complementary feeding practice of their infants". Revista de Nutrição 31, nr 1 (luty 2018): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-98652018000100005.
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ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate feeding styles of adolescent mothers and complementary feeding practices of their infants. Methods A cross-sectional study comparing a group of dyads of 50 adolescent mothers (ages 15 to 19) with 62 adult mothers (ages 24 to 44) and their infants (9 to 24 months) was performed. All mothers and infants were assisted by three basic health family units in the city of Recife, Brazil. Data were collected through a structured interview on socioeconomic conditions, maternal styles of feeding the child, and evaluation of infant feeding practices. The food styles were classified as responsive, authoritative, and passive, according to the adapted form of Carvalhaes, Perosa and Silveira of 2009. The frequency of food intake was calculated for six food groups (1. Bread and cereals; 2. Fruits and vegetables; 3. Meat, eggs, and beans; 4. Milk and dairy products; 5. Sugars, sweets, and fats; 6. Industrialized food). Children’s anthropometry and body mass index by age were classified into Z-score according to the World Health Organization Standard Curves, 2006. Results Adolescent mothers began complementary feeding more frequently before the seventh month (.=0,02), presented less responsive (.=0.04) and more authoritarian feeding styles (.=0.01), and their children received more foods with sugars, oils, and fats (.=0.02), and less meat, eggs, and beans (.=0.06) than the children of adult mothers. Conclusion Adolescent mothers adopt less responsive eating styles and offer more inadequate complementary feeding for their infants.
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Sclafani, A., i J. W. Nissenbaum. "Is gastric sham feeding really sham feeding?" American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 248, nr 3 (1.03.1985): R387—R390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1985.248.3.r387.
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Rats were fitted with gastric cannulas, food deprived, and allowed to drink a sugar solution that drained out of the opened cannula; i.e., the rats sham-fed. Although this procedure is thought to prevent absorption of ingested food, it was found that the sham feeding of a 32% glucose or sucrose solution significantly elevated blood glucose levels. The addition of acarbose, a drug that inhibits the digestion of sucrose, to the 32% sucrose solution blocked the blood glucose rise, as did closing the pylorus with an inflatable pyloric cuff. Neither the drug nor the cuff, however, reduced the amount of sucrose solution consumed. These findings indicate that gastric sham feeding does not necessarily prevent the digestion and absorption of food, although absorption is not essential for the appearance of a vigorous sham-feeding response. Nevertheless the possibility that neural or hormonal feedback from the stomach contributes to the sham-feeding response cannot be excluded, and until this issue is resolved the results of gastric sham-feeding studies should be interpreted with caution.
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Camier, Aurore, Claire Chabanet, Camille Davisse-Paturet, Elea Ksiazek, Sandrine Lioret, Marie-Aline Charles, Sophie Nicklaus i Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain. "Characterization of Infant Feeding Practices and Related-Family Characteristics in the French Nationwide ELFE Birth Cohort". Nutrients 13, nr 1 (24.12.2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010033.
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Family characteristics such as education level or income are related to infant feeding practices. This study aimed to characterize infant feeding practices and investigate their associations with family characteristics. Analyses were performed with data from a French nationwide cohort, Etude Longitudinale Française depuis l’Enfance (ELFE). Feeding practices were characterized by two methods, a principal component analysis and a hierarchical ascendant classification (n = 8922). This characterization was conducted in three steps: considering firstly only introduction of main food groups, then also food pieces and finally adding the type of complementary food. The associations between family characteristics and the infant feeding patterns or clusters were tested by linear or multinomial regressions (n = 7556). Besides breastfeeding duration and age of first introduction of complementary foods, it appeared also important to consider specific food groups such as sweetened beverages and cow’s milk, and the introduction of food pieces, to describe feeding practices. Recommended feeding practices (longer breastfeeding, complementary food in the right period) were related to higher maternal age and education level, so was migration status, the presence of older children, low income or the mothers’ attendance to pre-birth preparation classes. The interrelations between feeding practices and family characteristics must be considered when examining the influence of feeding practices on child’s health.
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Lively, Kathryn, Oluborode Babawale, David M. Thompson, Amanda S. Morris, Jennifer L. Harris, Susan B. Sisson, Marshall K. Cheney i Karina R. Lora. "Mothers’ self-reported grocery shopping behaviours with their 2- to 7-year-old children: relationship between feeding practices and mothers’ willingness to purchase child-requested nutrient-poor, marketed foods, and fruits and vegetables". Public Health Nutrition 20, nr 18 (7.09.2017): 3343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017002142.
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AbstractObjectiveTo assess relationships between mothers’ feeding practices (food as a reward, food for emotion regulation, modelling of healthy eating) and mothers’ willingness to purchase child-marketed foods and fruits/vegetables (F&V) requested by their children during grocery co-shopping.DesignCross-sectional. Mothers completed an online survey that included questions about feeding practices and willingness (i.e. intentions) to purchase child-requested foods during grocery co-shopping. Feeding practices scores were dichotomized at the median. Foods were grouped as nutrient-poor or nutrient-dense (F&V) based on national nutrition guidelines. Regression models compared mothers with above-the-median v. at-or-below-the-median feeding practices scores on their willingness to purchase child-requested food groupings, adjusting for demographic covariates.SettingParticipants completed an online survey generated at a public university in the USA.SubjectsMothers (n 318) of 2- to 7-year-old children.ResultsMothers who scored above-the-median on using food as a reward were more willing to purchase nutrient-poor foods (β=0·60, P<0·0001), mothers who scored above-the-median on use of food for emotion regulation were more willing to purchase nutrient-poor foods (β=0·29, P<0·0031) and mothers who scored above-the-median on modelling of healthy eating were more willing to purchase nutrient-dense foods (β=0·22, P<0·001) than were mothers with at-or-below-the-median scores, adjusting for demographic covariates.ConclusionsMothers who reported using food to control children’s behaviour were more willing to purchase child-requested, nutrient-poor foods. Parental feeding practices may facilitate or limit children’s foods requested in grocery stores. Parent–child food consumer behaviours should be investigated as a route that may contribute to children’s eating patterns.
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Białek-Dratwa, Agnieszka, Elżbieta Szczepańska, Dorota Szymańska, Mateusz Grajek, Karolina Krupa-Kotara i Oskar Kowalski. "Neophobia—A Natural Developmental Stage or Feeding Difficulties for Children?" Nutrients 14, nr 7 (6.04.2022): 1521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14071521.
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Food neophobia is the tendency to reject or be reluctant to try new and unfamiliar foods. Due to the period of its occurrence, which falls in the years of early childhood, it can significantly affect the child’s food choices, shape taste preferences, and significantly influence the quality of the child’s diet. The neophobic attitude has an important evolutionary significance because it protects the individual from ingesting potentially dangerous substances. On the other hand, it fosters avoidance behaviors that can also relate to the beneficial aspects of obtaining and consuming food. Currently, the strong emphasis placed on food safety means that neophobia may be less adaptive; nevertheless, a conservative attitude toward new foods still prevails. There is a strong association between food neophobia and the diversity of a person’s diet and previous exposure to different foods. This review describes behaviors associated with food neophobia and analyzes other feeding and eating difficulties in children that should be differentiated from food neophobia. Management approaches affecting the reduction in food neophobia in children through various dietary and psychological interventions are also proposed.
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Hustert, Reinhold. "Bimanual Food Manipulation by Locusts Feeding on Loose Food". Journal of Insect Behavior 32, nr 1 (styczeń 2019): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10905-019-09717-w.
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Arvedson, Joan C. "Food for Thought on Pediatric Feeding and Swallowing". Perspectives on Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) 17, nr 3 (październik 2008): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/sasd17.3.110.
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Abstract “Food for Thought” provides an opportunity for review of pertinent topics to add to updates in areas of concern for professionals involved with feeding and swallowing issues in infants and children. Given the frequency with which speech-language pathologists (SLPs) make decisions to alter feedings when young infants demonstrate silent aspiration on videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS), the need for increased understanding about cough and its development/maturation is a high priority. In addition, understanding of the role(s) of laryngeal chemoreflexes (LCRs), relationships (or lack of relationships) between cough and esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux (GER), and chronic salivary aspiration is critical. Decision making regarding management must take into account multiple systems and their interactions in order to provide safe feeding for all children to meet nutrition and hydration needs without being at risk for pulmonary problems. The responsibility is huge and should encourage all to search the literature so that clinical practice is as evidence-based as possible; this often requires adequate understanding of developmentally appropriate neurophysiology and function.
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Were, Fred N., i Carlos Lifschitz. "Complementary Feeding: Beyond Nutrition". Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 73, Suppl. 1 (2018): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000490084.
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In this article, we will summarize the key non-nutritional aspects of the introduction of complementary feeding. Intestinal maturation related to starch digestion is relatively complete by the time complementary feeding is recommended to be initiated. A much more complex maturation is needed, however, from the neurodevelopmental standpoint as the infants need to be able to hold their head and trunk and be able to coordinate tongue movement followed by swallowing. Issues can arise in infants with a history of medical problems as well as when caretakers cannot handle the initial difficulties or want to impose certain rigidity to the learning process. The introduction of complementary feedings is also part of the early steps in introduction to human socialization. In that regard, it sets up the infant to internalize and accept the diversity of food textures and food choices. Early refusal of some food items is common and should not be interpreted as being disliked. Multiple attempts should be made to incorporate new food items. To accomplish these dynamics, caregivers need comprehensive education and relevant information.
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O’Donovan, Sinéad M., Deirdre M. Murray, Jonathan O’B Hourihane, Louise C. Kenny, Alan D. Irvine i Mairead Kiely. "Adherence with early infant feeding and complementary feeding guidelines in the Cork BASELINE Birth Cohort Study". Public Health Nutrition 18, nr 15 (18.02.2015): 2864–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001500018x.
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AbstractObjectiveTo describe adherence with infant feeding and complementary feeding guidelines.DesignProspective study of infant feeding and complementary feeding practices were collected as part of the Cork BASELINE Birth Cohort Study.SettingCork, Ireland.SubjectsData are described for the 823 infants for whom a diary was completed.ResultsBreast-feeding was initiated in 81 % of infants, and 34 %, 14 % and 1 % of infants were exclusively breast-fed at hospital discharge, 2 and 6 months, respectively. Stage one infant formula decreased from 71 % at 2 months to 13 % at 12 months. The majority of infants (79 %) were introduced to solids between 17 and 26 weeks and 18 % were given solid foods before 17 weeks. Mothers of infants who commenced complementary feeding prior to 17 weeks were younger (29·8 v. 31·5 years; P<0·001) and more likely to smoke (18 v. 8 %; P=0·004). The first food was usually baby rice (69 %), infant breakfast cereals (14 %) or fruit/vegetables (14 %). Meals were generally home-made (49 %), cereal-based (35 %), manufactured (10 %), dairy (3 %) and dessert-based (3 %). The median gap between the first–second, second–third, third–fourth and fourth–fifth new foods was 4, 2, 2 and 2 d, respectively.ConclusionsWe present the largest prospective cohort study to date on early infant feeding in Ireland. The rate of breast-feeding is low by international norms. Most mothers introduce complementary foods between 4 and 6 months with lengthy gaps between each new food/food product. There is a high prevalence of exposure to infant breakfast cereals, which are composite foods, among the first foods introduced.
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Hussain, Malik Altaf, i Alaa El-Din Ahmed Bekhit. "Innovative Foods: The Future Food Supply, Nutrition and Health". Foods 12, nr 7 (23.03.2023): 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12071359.
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Boug, Ahmed, M. Zafar-ul Islam, Toshitaka Iwamoto, Akio Mori, Akihiro Yamane i Amy L. Schreier. "The relationship between artificial food supply and natural food selection in two troops of commensal Hamadryas Baboons Papio hamadryas (Mammalia: Primates: Cercopithecidae) in Saudi Arabia". Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, nr 10 (26.10.2017): 10741. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3348.9.10.10741-10756.
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The Hamadryas Baboon is the only nonhuman primate to inhabit the Arabian Peninsula. In Saudi Arabia, Hamadryas Baboons are known to rely on both human and natural plant foods. We examined the relationship between artificial food supply and natural food selection in two commensal hamadryas troops in different habitats in Saudi Arabia. Alhada had richer vegetation, while the Dam Site featured ground vegetation heavily damaged by overgrazing. The baboons’ diets, including dependency on artificial foods, reflected the status of the natural habitat. The availability of fresh vegetation following significant rainfalls at both sites reduced the Baboons’ dependence on artificial foods. In the richer habitat, rainfall was significantly correlated with natural diet diversity and time spent feeding on natural foods. Both troops spent more time feeding during periods of high provisioning of artificial food, and the percentage of feeding on natural foods decreased when provisioning was high. The baboons fed on natural foods throughout the year despite the availability of human foods. We suggest the need for a nutritionally balanced diet has kept the baboons from becoming completely dependent on human foods. Effectively preserving natural vegetation should enable commensal baboons to spend more time feeding on natural foods, thereby reducing human-wildlife conflict.
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Porcù, Maria Francesca, Sara Bonazzi, Elisa Mazzoni, Giulia Cervi, Giuseppina Paone, Francesca Nanni, Laura Morisi i Silvia Soffritti. "Come riconoscere un feeding disorder". Medico e Bambino 40, nr 5 (15.05.2021): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53126/meb40309.
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Feeding disorders (FDs) are a large group of behaviours characterized by selectivity, inadequate intake and refusal of food. These disorders are frequent in children (10-15% < 3 years old) and their causes are multiple and variably combined. FDs have a significant impact in everyday life for the child, their family and caregivers inside or outside the school environment. In the last few years in the Department of Paediatric Dysphagia in Bologna (Italy) an increase in the number of healthy children with insufficient oral intake or extremely selective food behaviour, due to selecting in type, texture, smell or appearance of food, has been observed. These children tend to develop dysfunctional or oppositional behaviours during mealtime. This growing need requires the implementation of a network with local paediatricians that focalize the feeding disorder and refer the family to a multidisciplinary assessment. The multidisciplinary team identifies behavioural strategies, structural changes to the mealtime and at the same time introduces intervention for the sensorial normalization. The primary goal is the caregivers’ training: parents and school staff are constantly supported as they offer the child new, different, pleasant and adequate food proposals, avoiding to stop at first refusal. Parent training plays a significant role during such intervention, as it reduces mealtime stress and improves child-parent relationship. The introduction of new strategies during mealtime in a playful, positive and cheerful setting encourages the child’s willingness to taste new foods or new textures. Moreover, their peer and parent modelling improves the outcome.
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Björkstém, Bengt, i N.-I. Max Kjellman. "Does Breast-Feeding Prevent Food Allergy?" Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 12, nr 4 (1.07.1991): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/108854191778879250.
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Teng, Paul, Margarita Escaler i Mely Caballero-Anthony. "Urban food security: Feeding tomorrow's cities". Significance 8, nr 2 (czerwiec 2011): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-9713.2011.00486.x.
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Wickstead, J. H. "FOOD AND FEEDING IN PELAGIC COPEPODS". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 139, nr 4 (20.08.2009): 545–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1962.tb01593.x.
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BeVier, G. "Global Food Systems: Feeding the World". Reproduction in Domestic Animals 47 (25.07.2012): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02058.x.
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Ivanovic, Marcela L., i Norma E. Brunetti. "Food and feeding of Illex argentinus". Antarctic Science 6, nr 2 (czerwiec 1994): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102094000295.
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The diet and feeding behaviour of Illex argentinus were determined from analysis of stomach contents of squid caught during four bottom trawl surveys carried out over the Bonaerensis (34–40°S, autumn–winter 1991) and Patagonian (45–55°S, summer–autumn 1992) shelves of Argentina. Crustaceans, mainly Themisto gaudichaudii and, to a lesser extent, euphausiids were the most important components of the diet in both areas and years, although there were considerable geographical differences in the relative proportion of the main prey. In the Patagonian area, during summer and autumn of 1992, almost all squid preyed on crustaceans (percentage occurrence = 85.29%), followed by squid (11.76%) and fish (2.94%). On the Bonaerensis shelf, during autumn and winter of 1991, crustaceans were most important by percentage occurrence (56.96%), but fish and squid accounted for a large proportion of the diet (29.41% and 13.62% respectively). Myctophids were prevalent among the fish and cannibalism was on I. argentinus juveniles. Changes in diet composition with squid size demonstrated the opportunistic nature of I. argentinus feeding. Although large squids were able to catch large prey (fish, squid), they also fed on small crustaceans when available, especially in the Patagonian area. The relative abundance of different prey organisms probably determined the diet. In both areas and both years I. argentinus fed mostly during daylight hours, starting in the morning and reaching a maximum in the afternoon. No difference in feeding behaviour was observed between the sexes.
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Meer, Phyllis Ann. "Update on feeding babies solid food". Journal of Pediatric Health Care 12, nr 3 (maj 1998): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5245(98)90246-2.
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Haas, Angela M. "Feeding Disorders in Food Allergic Children". Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 10, nr 4 (23.04.2010): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11882-010-0111-5.
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Ramaswamy, H. S. "Feeding and the texture of food". Food Research International 26, nr 4 (styczeń 1993): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-9969(93)90036-i.
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Alexander, R. McNeill, J. F. V. Vincent i P. J. Lillford. "Feeding and the Texture of Food". Journal of Animal Ecology 61, nr 3 (październik 1992): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/5642.
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Lewis, P. "Feeding anorexic patients who refuse food". Medical Law Review 7, nr 1 (1.03.1999): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/medlaw/7.1.21.
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D'Odorico, Paolo, Joel A. Carr, Francesco Laio, Luca Ridolfi i Stefano Vandoni. "Feeding humanity through global food trade". Earth's Future 2, nr 9 (wrzesień 2014): 458–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014ef000250.
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Kazahari, N., Y. Tsuji i N. Agetsuma. "The relationships between feeding-group size and feeding rate vary from positive to negative with characteristics of food items in wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)". Behaviour 150, nr 2 (2013): 175–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003044.
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To understand the costs and benefits of group-living, it is important to clarify the impacts of other individuals on foraging success. Previous studies on group-living primates have focused on the relationship between feeding-group size and feeding rate in food patches, and have exhibited inconsistent results, showing positive, neutral, or negative relationships. The relationship realized will depend on the balance of positive and negative impacts of co-feeding on feeding rate. The intensity of negative impacts (i.e., feeding competition) may vary with some characteristics of food items such as (1) patch size, (2) within-patch food density, (3) within-patch distribution pattern of food, (4) the abundance and (5) distribution pattern of within-habitat food trees, and (6) the relative energy content among available food items. Thus, the balance of positive and negative impacts of co-feeding, and ultimately the relationship between feeding-group size and feeding rate, is expected to change with characteristics of food items. In this study of wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata), the relationship between feeding-group size and feeding rate, and the above six characteristics of 12 main food items were assessed over six seasons. Positive, neutral, or negative relationships between feeding-group size and feeding rate were detected among these food items. Positive relationships were consistently associated with within-patch food density; higher food density within food patches was likely to lead to positive relationships. Thus, various relationships between feeding-group size and feeding rate should be attributed to these specific characteristics of food items, which alter the degree of feeding competition.
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Wise, Roy A. "Role of brain dopamine in food reward and reinforcement". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 361, nr 1471 (15.06.2006): 1149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1854.
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The ability of food to establish and maintain response habits and conditioned preferences depends largely on the function of brain dopamine systems. While dopaminergic transmission in the nucleus accumbens appears sufficient for some forms of reward, the role of dopamine in food reward does not appear to be restricted to this region. Dopamine plays an important role in both the ability to energize feeding and to reinforce food-seeking behaviour; the role in energizing feeding is secondary to the prerequisite role in reinforcement. Dopaminergic activation is triggered by the auditory and visual as well as the tactile, olfactory, and gustatory stimuli of foods. While dopamine plays a central role in the feeding and food-seeking of normal animals, some food rewarded learning can be seen in genetically engineered dopamine-deficient mice.
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Netting, Merryn J., Najma A. Moumin, Emma J. Knight, Rebecca K. Golley, Maria Makrides i Tim J. Green. "The Australian Feeding Infants and Toddler Study (OzFITS 2021): Breastfeeding and Early Feeding Practices". Nutrients 14, nr 1 (3.01.2022): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14010206.
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The Australian Feeding Infants and Toddler Study 2021 (OzFITS 2021) is a nationwide survey of Australian caregivers’ infant and toddler feeding practices. Here, we describe breastfeeding rates and duration, use of breastmilk substitutes, and introduction of complementary (solid) foods, including common food allergens. Caregivers (n = 1140) were recruited by a digital marketing company and were interviewed using a structured telephone questionnaire to obtain information. Breastfeeding was initiated in 98% of infants, but the duration of exclusive breastfeeding to six months was less than 1%. Nearly 40% of children continued to receive breastmilk beyond one year, with 10% of toddlers receiving breastmilk at two years. One-quarter of infants were introduced to solid foods between 4 to 5 months, and nearly all infants had received solid foods by 7 months. New guidelines encourage the early introduction of potential food allergens to reduce the risk of allergy, and by 12 months, over 90% of children had been given eggs and peanuts. One-third of children received no breastmilk substitutes during their first year. One-third of infants first received breastmilk substitutes following birth and before discharge from the hospital. Of these infants, 30% ceased breastmilk substitute use after discharge. Our findings suggest a high rate of continued breastfeeding with 44% receiving breastmilk beyond 1 year. One approach to increase the duration of exclusive breastfeeding is to reduce breastmilk substitute use while in hospital.
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Bundy, Donald AP, Lesley J. Drake i Carmen Burbano. "School food, politics and child health". Public Health Nutrition 16, nr 6 (1.11.2012): 1012–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012004661.
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AbstractObjectiveAn analysis undertaken jointly in 2009 by the UN World Food Programme, The Partnership for Child Development and the World Bank was published as Rethinking School Feeding to provide guidance on how to develop and implement effective school feeding programmes as a productive safety net and as part of the efforts to achieve Education for All. The present paper reflects on how understanding of school feeding has changed since that analysis.DesignData on school feeding programme outcomes were collected through a literature review. Regression models were used to analyse relationships between school feeding costs (from data that were collected), the per capita costs of primary education and Gross Domestic Product per capita. Data on the transition to national ownership, supply chains and country examples were collected through country case studies.ResultsSchool feeding programmes increase school attendance, cognition and educational achievement, as well as provide a transfer of resources to households with possible benefits to local agricultural production and local market development. Low-income countries exhibit large variations in school feeding costs, with concomitant opportunities for cost containment. Countries are increasingly looking to transition from externally supported projects to national programmes.ConclusionsSchool feeding is now clearly evident as a major social programme in most countries with a global turnover in excess of $US 100 billion. This argues for a continuing focus on the evidence base with a view to helping countries ensure that their programmes are as cost-effective as possible. Clear policy advice has never been more important.
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Whittemore, E. C., I. Kyriazakis, G. C. Emmans, B. J. Tolkamp, C. A. Morgan, P. W. Knap, P. H. Simmins i S. Jagger. "The short term feeding behaviour of pigs given access to foods differing in bulk content". Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2002 (2002): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200006839.
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We need to improve our understanding of the factors that are important for the control of food intake on high bulk foods. The study of short term feeding behaviour (STFB) may help to do this. The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of giving foods differing in bulk content on the STFB of growing pigs. It was expected that the foods would result in different levels of daily intake and that this would be reflected as differences in STFB between the foods. Two hypotheses were developed based on ideas about the way in which a physical constraint to intake could arise. H1; there would be less diurnal variation in feeding on high bulk foods that limit intake. H2; feeding patterns on bulky foods would be less flexible than those on a control food when feeding time is limited by reducing time of access to the feeder.
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Hyman, Paul. "Role of Development in Infant and Toddler Food Refusal". Perspectives on Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) 19, nr 3 (październik 2010): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/sasd19.3.64.
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The purpose of this manuscript is to inform clinicians working with infants who are tube fed about the brain-gut connections that may influence adaptation to oral feedings. Developmental changes in motility and sensory innervation are constant as brain and gut mature in the first several years. We hypothesized that chronically ill neonates are exposed to multiple pain stimuli during hospitalization, leaving them susceptible to hyperalgesia and chronic pain. Hyperalgesia in the abdomen, chest, pharynx, or face may be cause for food refusal. In patients who are tube fed who failed behavioral modification to teach eating, treatment of peripheral nerve and central nervous system hyperalgesia may be required before behavioral modification will work. We designed a 14 week outpatient protocol for moving infants and toddlers who are tube fed from tube to oral feeding using pain rehabilitation strategies. We used 8 weeks of post-pyloric feeding, eliminating stimuli to the oropharynx, esophagus, or stomach. We treated with amitriptyline and/or gabapentin to desensitize sensory receptors and central nervous system arousal. After 8 weeks, we gave the appetite stimulant megesterol for another 6 weeks. Five days after initiation of megesterol, we initiated a 1-hour/night schedule to withdraw tube feedings. In a small, uncontrolled study, all 9 children moved from tube to oral feedings.
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Anderson, E. N. "Feeding the People, Feeding the Spirit: Revitalizing Northwest Coastal Indian Food". Ethnobiology Letters 2 (14.08.2011): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14237/ebl.2.2011.35.
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Review of Feeding the People, Feeding the Spirit: Revitalizing Northwest Coastal Indian Food. Elise Krohn and Valerie Segrest. 2010. Northwest Indian College, Bellingham, WA. Pp. x + 158, copiously illustrated, tables, bibliography.
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Miloš, Ježek, Holá Michaela, Kušta Tomáš i Červený Jaroslav. "Creeping into a wild boar stomach to find traces of supplementary feeding". Wildlife Research 43, nr 7 (2016): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr16065.
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Context Supplementary feeding and baiting of wild ungulates is a common management practice. Wild boar is among the most frequently fed species and its numbers are rapidly increasing throughout Europe. It has been suggested that supplementary feeding throughout the year can have intentional and unintentional impacts on the species as well as on European forests and agricultural landscapes, and biodiversity. It is, therefore, important to identify the dependence of wild boar on supplemental foods to determine and predict its feeding patterns under alternative population and land-use management scenarios. Aims We investigated the diet composition of wild boar from stomach contents to identify its dependence on food resources of human origin (i.e. agricultural crops and supplemental foods) throughout the year in the Czech Republic. Methods We collected 345 samples from four study sites during spring, summer and winter seasons, over a 3-year period, and from different wild boar ages and sex classes. Key results Foods of human origin (mainly cereals) were the dominant food category and constituted the bulk of wild boar diet throughout the year (>50% of total stomach-content biomass), especially in winter, and in all the study sites. Cereals found in the stomachs of wild boar in summer might come from both crop fields as well as supplementary feeding. However, cereals identified in the stomachs in winter and spring come predominantly from baiting and supplementary feeding conducted by hunters. Cereals were consumed in different proportions by different ages and sexes. Males fed on cereals more than did females, whereas juveniles depended on such food less than did subadults. Conclusions Our finding of a consistent dependence of wild boar on food of human origin throughout the year in all study sites confirmed that supplementary feeding is important in the diet, which is a potential reason for the rapid increase of wild boar numbers in the Czech Republic. Implications Wildlife management agencies need to target feeding practices and design restrictive measures for supplementary feeding and baiting of wild boar in the Czech Republic. This should include defining maximum amounts of food and precise periods for supplementary feeding, and reducing non-target species at feeding sites.
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Fróna, Dániel, János Szenderák i Mónika Harangi-Rákos. "The Challenge of Feeding the World". Sustainability 11, nr 20 (20.10.2019): 5816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205816.
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The aim of the present research is to provide a comprehensive review about the current challenges related to food security and hidden hunger. Issues are presented according to major factors, such as growing population, changing dietary habits, water efficiency, climate change and volatile food prices. These factors were compiled from reports of major international organizations and from relevant scientific articles on the subject. Collecting the results and presenting them in an accessible manner may provide new insight for interested parties. Accessibility of data is extremely important, since food security and its drivers form a closely interconnected but extremely complex network, which requires coordinated problem solving to resolve issues. According to the results, the demand for growing agricultural products has been partly met by increasing cultivated land in recent decades. At the same time, there is serious competition for existing agricultural areas, which further limits the extension of agricultural land in addition to the natural constraints of land availability. Agricultural production needs to expand faster than population growth without further damage to the environment. The driving force behind development is sustainable intensive farming, which means the more effective utilization of agricultural land and water resources. Current global trends in food consumption are unsustainable, analyzed in terms of either public health, environmental impacts or socio-economic costs. The growing population should strive for sustainable food consumption, as social, environmental and health impacts are very important in this respect as well. To this end, the benefits of consuming foods that are less harmful to the environment during production are also to be emphasized in the scope of consumption policy and education related to nutrition as opposed to other food types, the production of which causes a major demand for raw materials.
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Hollis, J. L., S. R. Crozier, H. M. Inskip, C. Cooper, K. M. Godfrey i S. M. Robinson. "Age at introduction of solid foods and feeding difficulties in childhood: findings from the Southampton Women’s Survey". British Journal of Nutrition 116, nr 4 (30.06.2016): 743–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516002531.
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AbstractThis study aimed to determine whether age at introduction of solid foods was associated with feeding difficulties at 3 years of age. The present study was carried out using data from the Southampton Women’s Survey (SWS). Women enrolled in the SWS who subsequently became pregnant were followed-up during pregnancy and postpartum, and the offspring have been studied through childhood. Maternal socio-demographic and anthropometric data and child anthropometric and feeding data were collected through interviews and self-administered questionnaires. When the children were 3 years of age, mothers/carers rated six potential child feeding difficulty questions on a four-point Likert scale, including one general question and five specific feeding difficulty questions. Age at introduction of solids as a predictor of feeding difficulties was examined in 2389 mother–child pairs, adjusting for child (age last breast fed, sex, gestation) and maternal characteristics (parity, pre-pregnancy BMI, age, education, employment, parenting difficulties, diet quality). The majority of mothers/carers (61 %) reported some feeding difficulties (general feeding difficulty question) at 3 years of age, specifically with their child eating enough food (61 %), eating the right food (66 %) and being choosy with food (74 %). Children who were introduced to solids ≥6 months had a lower risk of feeding difficulties (RR 0·73; 95 % CI 0·59, 0·91, P=0·004) than children who were introduced to solids between 4 and 6 months. No other significant associations were found. There were few associations between feeding difficulties in relation to age at introduction of solid foods. However, general feeding difficulties were less common among infants introduced to solid foods ≥6 months of age.
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Moraal, M., P. P. A. M. Leenaars, H. Arnts, K. Smeets, B. S. Savenije, J. H. A. J. Curfs i M. Ritskes-Hoitinga. "The influence of food restriction versus ad libitum feeding of chow and purified diets on variation in body weight, growth and physiology of female Wistar rats". Laboratory Animals 46, nr 2 (kwiecień 2012): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/la.2011.011011.
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Ad libitum (AL) supply of standard chow is the feeding method most often used for rodents in animal experiments. However, AL feeding is known to result in a shorter lifespan and decreased health as compared with restricted feeding. Restricted feeding and thus limiting calorie intake prevents many health problems, increases lifespan and can also increase group uniformity. All this leads to a reduced number of animals needed. So-called standard chows are known to be prone to variation in composition. Synthetic foods have a more standard composition, contributing to group uniformity which, like diet reduction, may decrease the number of animals necessary to obtain statistical significance. In this study, we compared the effects of AL versus restricted feeding (25% reduction in food intake) on standard chow versus synthetic food of three different suppliers on body weight (BW), growth, several blood parameters and organ weights in growing female Wistar rats over a period of 61 days. Diet restriction led to a decreased growth and significantly reduced variation in BW and growth as compared with AL feeding. AL feeding on synthetic diets caused a significantly higher BW gain than on chow diets. Due to experimental design, this same effect occurred on food restriction. Blood parameters and organ weights were affected neither by diet type nor by amount. Incidentally, variations were significantly reduced on food restriction versus AL, and on synthetic diets versus chow diets. This study demonstrates that food restriction versus AL feeding leads to a significantly reduced variation in BW and growth, thereby indicating the potential for reduction when applying this feeding schedule.
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Ventura, Alison K. "Does Breastfeeding Shape Food Preferences Links to Obesity". Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 70, Suppl. 3 (2017): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000478757.
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The first 2 years of life have been recognized as a critical window for obesity prevention efforts. This period is characterized by rapid growth and development and, in a relatively short period of time, a child transitions from a purely milk-based diet to a more varied solid-food diet. Much learning about food and eating occurs during this critical window, and it is well-documented that early feeding and dietary exposures predict later food preferences, eating behaviors, and dietary patterns. The focus of this review will be on the earliest feeding experiences - breast- and formula-feeding - and the unique role of breastfeeding in shaping children's food preferences. Epidemiological data illustrate that children who were breastfed have healthier dietary patterns compared to children who were formula-fed, even after controlling for relevant sociodemographic characteristics associated with healthier dietary and lifestyle patterns. These dietary differences are underlined, in part, by early differences in the opportunities for flavor learning and preference development afforded by breast- versus formula-feeding. In particular, the flavors of the mothers' diet are transmitted from mother to child through the amniotic fluid and breastmilk. The flavors experienced in these mediums shape later food preferences and acceptance of the solid foods of the family and culture onto which the infant is weaned. All infants learn from flavor experiences in utero, but only breastfed infants receive the additional reinforcement and flavor learning provided by continued repeated exposure to a wide variety of flavors that occurs during breastfeeding. Given the numerous benefits of breastfeeding, promotion of breastfeeding during early infancy is an important focus for primary prevention efforts and should be combined with efforts to ensure that mothers consume healthy, varied diets during pregnancy and lactation, and expose their infants to a wide array of foods during weaning and solid-food feeding.