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Guindi, Chantal. "Mécanismes moléculaires conférant aux cellules dendritiques leurs fonctions tolérogènes". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6656.
Pełny tekst źródłaMazière, Pierre. "Les fonctions biologiques moléculaires : représentation et modélisation des connaissances". Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON13520.
Pełny tekst źródłaGaugain, Claire. "Exploration bioinformatique des relations entre mécanismes moléculaires et fonctions cellulaires". Phd thesis, Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00417346.
Pełny tekst źródłaGaugain, Claire. "Exploitation bioinformatique des relations entre mécanismes moléculaires et fonctions cellulaires". Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21461.
Pełny tekst źródłaBiological data integration is one of the major challenge in bioinformatics today. The availability of amounts of data concerning all the level of cell organisation, requires strategies of integration to bring together these data and thus better understand how the cell works. We have focused our work on the use of the concept of neighbourhood in order to represent and integrate data. First, our work emphasizes the importance of the choice of data representation for an efficient integration. Our study on metabolism representation shows that elementary modes are a relevant alternative to the classical representation of metabolism as metabolic pathways. Moreover, elementary modes have enabled us to find metabolic routes used by the cell in response to stressed. We have also used the neighbourhood in a new angle, the one of comparative genomics. We tested if expression neighbourhood of genes (set of genes with close expression profiles) can be a signature for genes, and if it can be used to define functional similarities between genes from different organisms. The work presented here, shows the interest of the exploration of gene and protein neighbourhood in order to integrate heterogeneous data. The efficiency of this exploration is highly related to the choice of knowledge representation
Asselin-Mullen, Patrick. "Caractérisation des fonctions moléculaires des isoformes de NudCD1 dans le cancer". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11504.
Pełny tekst źródłaCluzel-Grangeasse, Caroline. "Caractérisation et fonctions des domaines moléculaires de l'aminopropeptide d'un collagène fibrillaire d'oursin". Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T220.
Pełny tekst źródłaSarkissian, Gaïané. "Récepteur C-ErbA bêta des hormones thyroïdiennes : expression, fonctions, pathologies moléculaires associées". Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/1999AIX20665.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaMafra, Lopes Junior Osvaldo. "Retrouver les structures de Lewis à partir des fonctions d'onde". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066581.
Pełny tekst źródłaDefranceschi, Mireille. "Détermination de fonctions d'onde moléculaires dans l'espace des impulsions : de H₂ à HN (N=∞)". Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112349.
Pełny tekst źródłaCharrin, Bénédicte. "La huntingtine et les moteurs moléculaires : fonctions dans le trafic intracellulaire et la mitose". Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA11T020.
Pełny tekst źródłaMoussard, Hélène. "Analyses moléculaires de la diversité et des fonctions de micro-organismes incultivés des sources hydrothermales profondes". Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2029.
Pełny tekst źródłaOur knowledge of the diversity of marine microbial communities has long been restricted to the precious but incomplete information generated by the culture-based methods. In this study, molecular techniques (PCR, cloning, sequencing, hybridization, metagenomics library construction and genetic markers [16S rRNA, genes coding for enzymes specific to the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle (acIB, oorA)] were used to circumvent the limits inherent to cultivation methods, and to obtain a more realistic view of the specific and functional diversity of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent microbial communities. This research allowed (i) to confirm the ecological significance of free-living epsilon-Proteobacteria at deep-sea hydrothermal vents, especially during in-situ colonization experiments (this study provides the first example of the prevalence and ecological significance of free-living Arcobacter-like at deep-sea hydrothermal vents, which are supposed to be sulfo-oxidizing bacteria involved in filamentous sulphur formation, (ii) to design and validate a 16S rRNA oligonucleotide probe targeting most of the epsilon-Proteobacteria found in hydrothermal systems, (iii) to obtain the physiology of yet uncultured groups of archea from deep-sea hydrothermal vents using metagenomics. By the combined use of variety of molecular approaches this work enlarges our view of the diversity of microbial communities in deep-sea hydrothermal vents
Vellutini, Luc. "Auto-organisation de silices hybrides contenant des fonctions urées". Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20142.
Pełny tekst źródłaPolay, Espinoza Micaela. "Fonctions moléculaires des hélicases ARN DDX5 et DDX17 dans la biologie du muscle dans un contexte sain et pathologique". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00988051.
Pełny tekst źródłaLevade, Marie. "Mécanismes moléculaires de la production et des fonctions plaquettaires : rôle de Vps34 et impact des inhibiteurs ciblés de kinases". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30036.
Pełny tekst źródłaBlood platelets play an essential role in the maintenance of vascular integrity. They prevent excessive blood loss after vessel injury by orchestrating haemostatic clot formation through successive steps of adhesion, secretion and aggregation. Platelets are also major pharmacologic targets as they participate in thrombotic pathologies such as atherosclerosis. My thesis work was focused on two axis: (i) the role of class III PI3-kinase (Vps34) in platelet formation and activation and (ii) the impact of new anticancer drugs targeting kinases on platelet functions and haemostasis. First, I studied the role of Vps34 and its lipid product, phosphatidylinositol 3 monophosphate (PtdIns3P), in platelet physiology using a unique mouse model of Vps34 deletion specifically in megakaryocyte lineage (PF4-Cre/Vps34lox/lox). We observed a moderate microthrombocytopenia associated to a defect in megakaryocyte migration and morphologic abnormalities in secretion granules. This phenotype is linked to a decrease in PtdIns3P level associated with defective vesicular trafficking. Moreover, PF4-Cre/Vps34lox/lox mice exhibit altered prothrombotic functions, ex vivo in shear conditions and in vivo by conferring a protection against ferric chloride-induced carotid thrombosis. A role for Vps34 in platelet activation, independently from its role in megakaryocyte, was shown ex vivo using two specific Vps34 inhibitors (SAR405 and INH1) recently developed to reduce autophagy-mediated resistance to chemotherapy. Secondly, I assessed the impact of new targeted drugs used in cancer therapy on platelets in order to understand the increased bleeding risk associated to these molecules. We studied the effect of ibrutinib, a specific inhibitor of BTK family tyrosine kinases recently approved for the treatment of B malignancies (mantle cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia). By exploring platelet functions of ibrutinib-treated patients treated from Hematology department of Toulouse, we correlated bleeding symptoms to a defective platelet signaling downstream GPVI and GPIb receptors as shown by a strongly reduced platelet aggregation in response to collagen and CRP and by a defect in platelet adhesion on von Willebrand matrix under flow conditions. In conclusion, my thesis work (i) brings fundamental insights about Vps34 contribution in mechanisms of platelet production and functions and (ii) allows recommendations about clinical use of new targeted molecules in cancer therapy
Paul, Catherine. "Étude des mécanismes moléculaires à la base des fonctions anti-apoptotique et tumorigénique de la petite protéine de stress Hsp27". Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10101.
Pełny tekst źródłaCondé, Moustapha. "Composants optoélectroniques à microcavités verticales sur GaAs : technologies avancées pour de nouvelles fonctions". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/411/.
Pełny tekst źródłaTo face up the increase in their application fields, laser emitters, including VCSELs, are moving rapidly towards greater integration capabilities, as well as diversified functionalities. Sophisticated structures and geometries for these devices are then mandatory, which implies overcoming first some technological limits. This thesis focuses, on the one hand, on the implementation of a methodology for optimizing molecular beam epitaxial growth from a rapid diagnostic method (uniformity, optical properties control) that can be applied to novel VCSEL structures with stacks of non-periodic layer. On the other hand, the wet GaAlAs oxidation technology is studied. This process, known as AlOx, opens the way for obtaining high-performance single-mode VCSELs through the resulting electro-optical lateral confinement. With the aim of an ultimate control and fine engineering for this confinement, the kinetics of oxidation is thoroughly investigated, an novel oven with a real-time in situ control of the oxidation front is presented, and a derived oxidation technique from the surface of a GaAlAs buried layer is demonstrated. This work contributes to the development of technologies for vertical and lateral structurations into vertical microcavity devices, opening up for VCSELs improved performances and new functionalities
Higuet, Julien. "Études structurelles et dynamiques de systèmes atomiques ou moléculaires par génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555111.
Pełny tekst źródłaBerlu, Lilian. "Réalisation d'un logiciel de calcul des intégrales moléculaires impliquées dans le tenseur d'écran magnétique nucléaire sur orbitales atomiques de Slater". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660778.
Pełny tekst źródłaMeunier, Benjamin. "Epitaxie d'hétérostructures combinant oxydes fonctionnels et semiconducteurs III-V pour la réalisation de nouvelles fonctions photoniques". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEC032/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaDiversification of the materials and functionalities integrated on silicon is an important issue for further progression in the field of micro-optoelectronics. The monolithic heterogeneous integration of new materials on silicon, and more generally the combination on the same wafer of materials having different physical properties is a key challenge. Amongst the materials of interest, III-V semiconductors are the object of specific attention because their optoelectronic and transport properties are superior to those of silicon. Similarly, the so-called functional oxides have interesting physical properties (ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, piezoelectricity, etc.) making them suitable for various applications (NVM, energy harvesters, MEMS . . . ). In this context, the goal of this thesis is to demonstrate the possible integration of crystalline functional oxides on GaAs-based heterostructures using epitaxy and that such structures show new properties for photonic. More precisely, we focused on integration PZT thin film on InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells structures thanks to SrTiO3 (STO) buffer layer. We first studied and developed the growth of STO on GaAs templates using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Because of the strong heterogeneity between the two materials, specific interface engineering strategies are required. We highlight the benefit of a Ti-based GaAs surface treatment on the structural quality of STO. For these studies we used photoelectrons spectroscopy (XPS, in-situ and collaboration with TEMPO beam line of SOLEIL synchrotron) and transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM, collaboration with LPN/C2N). Those experiments allowed us to probe both structural and chemical aspects of the semiconductor/ oxide interface. We also studied the growth mechanism of STO on GaAs through in-situ XPS experiments at SOLEIL. Thanks to the understanding of those specifics mechanisms, we could accommodate the growth conditions to obtain good quality STO buffer layers. Then we studied the growth of thin film PZT on InGaAs/GaAs quantum well structures by means of STO templates. We first showed that standard growth process (sol-gel and pulsed laser deposition at IEF/C2N) lead to strong deterioration of quantum well due to chemical reactions between the oxide and the III-V material. We studied the mechanisms involved in this deterioration and highlight the strong chemical affinity between As, Pb and Sr. To palliate this difficulty, the growth process of PZT has been modify and an AlAs “sacrificial” layers has been added in order to limit the oxygen difiusion into the substrate. Thanks to these two solutions, it has been possible to realize a PZT ferroelectric thin film on an InGaAs/GaAs quantum well heterostructure. A tunable source based on such heterostructure has been designed. In this device, the strain induced in the ferroelectric PZT by an electric field is transmitted to the substrate and the quantum well modifying its emitted wavelength. We simulated this device in order to optimize its dimensions. Then we realized this device (collaboration with IEF/C2N) and measured its mechanical and optical properties under an electric field. We also performed preliminary studies in order to demonstrate the possible integration of GaAs-based heterostructures on Si substrates in by the means of STO buffer layer. We considered the use of Zintl- Klemm compounds to minimize the interface energy between GaAs and STO allowing 2D growth of the semiconductor on the oxide
Farache, Dorian. "Etude des fonctions de GCP4, 5 et 6 dans l'assemblage du complexe de nucléation des microtubules". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30231/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaMicrotubules are highly dynamic components of the cytoskeleton. gammatubulin is found at the centrosome where it forms a microtubule nucleation complex together with GCPs 2-6, the gamma-TuRC. GCPs 2-6 form a conserved family of proteins characterised by two conserved domains called GRIP1 and 2. The gamma-TuRC functions as a structural template for microtubule nucleation. The gamma-TuRC is composed of smaller subcomplexes called gamma-TuSC. Each gamma-TuSC is composed by one GCP2, one GCP3 and two gamma?tubulins. GCP2 and GCP3 interact via their N-terminal domain and bind gamma tubulin through their C-terminal domain. Several gamma-TuSCs can assemble laterally to form a one-turn helix with the two ends overlapping. The atomic structure of GCP4 fits almost perfectly in the place of GCP2 and GCP3 within the gamma-TuSC envelope obtained by electron microscopy suggesting a strong structural conservation among GCPs. Hence, GCP4, 5 and 6 may be part of the helix. During the course of my thesis, I studied the relative position of GCPs 4, 5, 6 within the gamma-TuRC. To this aim, I developed a domain swapping and mutagenesis approaches. I also combined FLIM-FRET and immunoprecipitation strategies. I have been able to show that the N-terminal domains of GCPs define their identity while the C-terminal domains can be swapped. My results also indicate that GCP4 and GCP5 establish gamma-TuSC like interactions within the gamma-TuRC. I also isolated a complex containing GCP4, 5, 6 and gamma tubulin independently of the gamma-TuRC. My thesis provides the first experimental evidence supporting the model where GCP4, 5 and 6 are part of the gamma-TuRC helix where they form a sub-complex localised at a defined position
Bouabça, Thomas. "Introduction d'orbitales corrélées dans les approches Monte-Carlo quantiques". Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/847/.
Pełny tekst źródłaQuantum chemistry is the branch of theoretical chemistry which applies quantum mechanics to chemistry. The computation of chemical properties is a huge challenge for many scientific and technological fields. (biochemistry, nanosciences. . . ). Nevertheless, for now, no methods can accurately study any systems according to their size or their nature. Based on a stochastic resolution of the Schrödinger equation, Quantum Monte Carlo methods (QMC) represent an original and efficient way for this matter. They are especially suited for big molecular systems. For instance, QMC methods are known to be the most powerful algorithms for computing total ground-state energies. However, some quantities can still not be properly computed with QMC methods. Thus, one of the main issue that remains is the evaluation of differences of energies. Solving this problem is an important step for QMC methods to be considered as standard ones. Indeed, roughly speaking, differences of energies are at the heart of the whole chemistry : any chemical problem can be interpreted as a difference of energies. The purpose of this thesis is to propose a way to compute those differences with QMC methods. Our approach is particularly motivated by a deep concern : using simple preoptimized wavefunctions. In order to achieve this, we propose here two strategies : First, a new wavefunction is introduced. This wavefunction is composed of preoptimized modular elements. With this new wavefunction, any system can be recomposed piece by piece. Second, a set of coherent wavefunctions is used for a controlled compensation of errors
Ammar, Abdallah. "Représentation des états du continuum par des gaussiennes complexes : application aux processus d’ionisation atomiques et moléculaires". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0173.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis theoretical work lies at the border between molecular physics and quantum chemistry. It deals with a methodological and numerical development whose scope is to represent continuum wavefunctions by complex Gaussians. The ultimate goal is to apply these optimized Gaussians in the description of ionization processes involving molecules, where the multicenter integrals required to evaluate cross sections would be calculated analytically. For that purpose, we have developed an efficient numerical code to fit a set of arbitrary functions over finite radial distances, with either real or complex Gaussians. We have demonstrated the superiority of complex over real Gaussians in the representation of oscillating functions such as Coulomb functions or generalized Sturmian functions of positive energy. We have first validated the proposed approach to describe the ionization of the hydrogen atom by electron impact (in the first Born approximation) or photon impact (in the dipolar approximation). We have then applied the optimized complex Gaussians to describe molecular photoionization in a one-center approach. The results confirm the reliability of complex Gaussians in this kind of applications. Finally, we have considered the possibility of extending the approach to multicenter gaussian wavefunctions for the initial state. Similarly to the one-center case, we have shown that the multicenter integrals appearing in transition matrix elements can be performed analytically, also in the case of complex Gaussians
Conde, Moustapha. "Composants optoélectroniques à microcavités verticales sur GaAs : Technologies avancées pour de nouvelles fonctions". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00357498.
Pełny tekst źródłaHiguet, Julien. "Etudes structurelles et dynamiques de systèmes atomiques ou moléculaires par génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14078/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaHigh harmonic generation is a well known phenomenon explained by a “three step” model: because of the high intensity field generated by an ultrashort laser pulse, an atom or a molecule can be tunnel ionized. The ejected electron is then accelerated by the intense electric field, and eventually can recombine on its parent ion, leading to the emission of a XUV photon. Because of the generating process in itself, this light source is a promising candidate to probe the electronic structure of atoms and molecules, with an attosecond/sub-nanometer potential resolution (1 as=10-18 s).In this work, we have studied the sensitivity of the emitted light (in terms of amplitude, but also phase and polarization) towards the electronic structure of the generating medium. We have first worked on atomic medium, then on molecules (N2, CO2, O2). Comparing the experimental results with numerical simulations shows the necessity to model finely the generation process and to go beyond commonly used approximations.We have also shown the possibility to perform high harmonic spectroscopy in order to measure dynamics of complex molecules, such as Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2). This technic has obtained complementary results compared to classical spectroscopy and has revealed dynamics of the electronic wavepacket along a conical intersection. In this experiment, we have adapted conventionnal optical spectroscopy technics to the XUV spectral area, which significantly improved the signal over noise ratio
Kochanov, Roman. "Contribution à la modélisation de spectres moléculaires à partir de surfaces d'énergie potentielle et d'Hamiltoniens effectifs : applications aux banques de données spectroscopiques". Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMS044/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe studies of highly excited molecular states are located on the frontier between different scientific domains involving physics / chemistry (quantum mechanics, ab initio electronic structure calculations, high-resolution spectroscopy, atmospheric physics) and dynamics of the very complex molecular systems. For good interpreting of this kind of data it is necessary to have theoretical models which are based on optimized algorithms permitting to predict the experimental data with acceptable precision. The subject of this work is focused in the field of development of theoretical models and algorithms which are adapted to the description of states of the nuclear movements of molecules in highly excited states. Our main goal is to provide efficient computational means to perform spectral analyses and to model the spectroscopic experimental measurements with good accuracy. This task includes developing and enhancing mathematical algorithms, creating and optimization of the necessary field-specific software for applications to the environmental and atmospheric problems. The tasks are in the following competences of the candidate: applied mathematics, scientific programming and molecular spectroscopy.Mathematical methods are considered in the context of the following physical tasks: 1) Construction and fitting of the models of effective Hamiltonians for description of high number of ro-vibrational transitions of nitrous oxide (N2O). 2) Construction of analytical models of the potential energy surface of ozone (O3) using ab initio calculations and fittings to experimental vibrational data. 3) Improvement of the algorithm of contact transformations (CT) aimed at the calculation of ro-vibrational spectra of polyatomic molecules with significant number of atoms
Phan, Carole. "Etude des effets indésirables pulmonaires associés à la prise de dasatinib : Rôle de la perturbation des fonctions de l’endothélium pulmonaire". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS345.
Pełny tekst źródłaBy catalysing reversible phosphorylation of their substrates, protein kinases play central role in regulating a multitude of cellular processes, including division, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation as well as in the maintenance of DNA integrity. Since deregulation of different protein kinases contribute to several human disorders, a multitude of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) inhibiting various kinases have been developed and some of them are currently approved for different indications, and many more are under development. Dasatinib (Sprycel®), an orally available short-acting dual ABL/SRC tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is an effective treatment for Philadelphia-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and for all phases of Philadelphia-positive CML with resistance or intolerance to prior therapy, including imatinib. However, dasatinib treatment is associated with the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH; 0.45%) and pleural effusion (15-35%). These serious pulmonary adverse events represent a serious public health problem.Therefore, my PhD project is seeking to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for these pulmonary adverse events induced by dasatinib. My work has followed three different strategic axes seeking to: 1) Determine whether dasatinib alters endothelial integrity, resulting in increased pulmonary vascular endothelial permeability and pleural effusion; 2) Study the mechanisms involved in the long-term development of dasatinib-induced PAH; 3) Precise the role of c-Abl protein kinase inhibition in pulmonary endothelial cell DNA integrity.First, our data indicate that dasatinib can lead to pulmonary endothelial dysfunction and thus affect vascular integrity. Interestingly, we demonstrated that this increased endothelial permeability is a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent mechanism in vitro and in vivo. Second, we also found that high doses of dasatinib induce pulmonary endothelial cell apoptosis by increasing mitochondrial oxidative stress and cause endothelial cell apoptosis. Consistent with these observations, we found that pretreatment of rats with dasatinib leads pulmonary endothelial dysfunction and confers increased susceptibility to experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH) in contrast to rats pretreated with imatinib or vehicle. Finally, we identified c-Abl as a key protein kinase in pulmonary endothelial cells, since its inhibition by dasatinib and ponatinib leads to impaired DNA repair in human pulmonary endothelial cells.Taken together, my PhD results demonstrate the importance played by damage to the pulmonary endothelium in the onset of dasatinib-induced PAH and pleural effusion
Roignot, Julie. "Etude de la régulation et des fonctions d'ArgBP2 associées à son rôle anti-tumoral et aux processus dépendants de l'actine : rôle de ses partenaires moléculaires, de sa phosphorylation et de sa dimérisation". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22118/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer is partly due to the early acquisition of invasive andmetastatic properties by pancreatic tumoral cells and to the limited efficacy of actualtherapies. Thus, the identification of new targets for novel therapeutic strategies is animportant challenge. Our works directly implicate the decrease of ArgBP2 expression in thetumorigenic process of pancreatic cancer. ArgBP2 is an adaptor protein regulating actincytoskeleton dynamics and cell signaling. We found that the anti-tumoral activity of ArgBP2is correlated with the inhibition of the adhesion, spreading and migration of pancreaticcancerous cells. In order to better understand its anti-tumoral function, we searched newpartners for ArgBP2 and identified, among them, WAVE1 (a nucleation promoting factor),the phosphatase PTP-PEST and the adaptor protein CIP4, which are known to regulate actincytoskeleton and cellular motility. Interestingly, we found that PTP-PEST is necessary toArgBP2 mediated inhibition of cell migration. Additionally, we showed that ArgBP2regulates WAVE1 function by controlling its phosphorylation by c-Abl kinase and itsdephosphorylation by PTP-PEST. Moreover we found that CIP4 is also a WAVE1 interactingprotein, phosphorylated by c-Abl, and that CIP4 participates to the ArgBP2 dependent controlof WAVE1. Finally, our results highlight a primordial role of ArgBP2 phosphorylation anddimerization in the control of its interactions with its partners and in the regulation of itsfunctions
Maingault, Laurent. "Insertion d'ions magnétiques dans les boîtes quantiques de semiconducteurs II-VI". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00186925.
Pełny tekst źródłaLa réalisation de ces échantillons, en épitaxie par jets moléculaires, est d'abord détaillée. La ségrégation du Mn au cours de la croissance est utilisée pour réduire la densité d'atomes Mn tout en la contrôlant. Des expériences de micro-spectroscopie optique permettent de valider cette méthode. Ensuite, une étude fine de l'interaction impureté-porteur est réalisée. Les spectres expérimentaux sont analysés à l'aide d'un modèle simple des fonctions d'onde des porteurs dans la boîte. Des valeurs quantitatives de cette interaction sont données en tenant compte de la position de l'impureté dans la boîte ainsi que de sa réduction, induite par le confinement des porteurs.
Finalement, les possibilités pour contrôler cette interaction sont présentées: la modification de l'interaction par l'ajout de porteurs dans la boîte quantique, puis une augmentation possible de cette interaction grâce à un meilleur confinement des trous.
Bouchafra, Yassine. "On the performance of subsystem approaches to model heavy element species in solution". Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R031.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn order to understand spectroscopic measurements, it is important to understand the physical processes taking place at a microscopic scale, since these are related to the behaviour of the electrons (and nuclei) in the system. The treatment of such particles requires one way or another a quantum mechanical treatment of the atoms and molecules that make up a given system of interest. This means that in order to achieve that we must perform theoretical sim- ulations and, if such systems contain heavy elements, this is a particularly dicult task, since we not only have to deal with the large number of particles but also include relativistic e↵ects. These diculties have motivated the development of several theoretical approaches that sim- plify the treatment of at least part of the total system. This thesis investigates the use of the Frozen Density Embedding (FDE) approach to the calculation of molecular properties of complex systems. FDE is a formally exact method with which we can separate a complex molecular system into subsystems and choose the most suit- able electronic structure approach to treat each of these. With this separation, we can focus the computational e↵ort into one or a few subsystems of interest and treat them very accurately with relativistic electronic structure methods that include spin-orbit coupling, while the e↵ect of the remaining subsystems (environment) on the system of interest is treated at a suciently high level of accuracy. Our first interest was in the quantum mechanical description of ionisation energies for molecular aggregates of microsolvated halides, such as found in water droplets. We have ex- plored the sensitivity of these energies to structural changes around the halides and among the waters, and how these energies evolve with the size of the aggregate, with our results being in quantitative agreement with experimental data, and we have predicted the ionisation energies of the heaviest of halides, astatide, which is of interest as a radiotherapeutic agent. Our results demonstrate that with the combination of relativistic EOM-CC for the active subsystem and DFT for the environment, a↵orded by FDE, one can rival with quite sophisticated theoretical approaches based on periodic quasi-particle calculations which are the current state-of-the-art for condensed matter simulations. We have also explored the performance of FDE for the description of solvent e↵ects on magnetic properties (indirect spin-spin couplings and NMR shielding tensors) for a complex PtTl(CN)5 containing a metal-metal bond between the heavy centres (Pt, Tl), this time purely at relativistic DFT level. For spin-spin couplings, we have shown that much like prior theoretical results, we require an extensive first hydration shell around the complex, but nevertheless arrive at a semi-quantitative agreement with experiment. For NMR shieldings on the other hand, FDE allows us to significantly reduce the amount of water molecules explicitly added to the active subsystem to the first hydration shell around the Tl atom. This might open up the perspective to employing FDE with more accurate with more accurate electronic structure methods for this property for this class of compounds
Granados, Castro Carlos Mario. "Application of Generalized Sturmian Basis Functions to Molecular Systems". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0041/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this PhD thesis we implement a Sturmian approach, based on generalized Sturmian functions (GSFs), to study the ionization of molecules by collision with photons or electrons. Since the target Hamiltonian is highly non-central, describing molecular ionization is far from easy. Besides, as the spatial orientation of the molecule in most experimental measurements is not resolved, an important issue to take into account is its random orientation. In the literature, many theoretical methods have been proposed to deal with molecules, but many of them are adapted to study mainly bound states. An accurate description of the unbound (continuum) states of molecules remains a challenge. Here we propose to tackle these problems using GSFs, which are characterized to have, by construction, the correct asymptotic behavior of the studied system. This property allows one to perform ionization calculations more efficiently. We start and validate our Sturmian approach implementation by studying photoionization (PI) of H, He and Ne atoms. Different model potentials were used in order to describe the interaction of the ejected electron with the parental ion. We calculated the corresponding PI cross sections in both length and velocity gauges. For H atom, the comparison with the analytical formula shows that a rapid convergence can be achieved using a moderate number of GSFs. For He and Ne we have also an excellent agreement with other theoretical calculations and with experimental data. For molecular targets, we considered two different strategies to deal with their random orientation: one makes use of a molecular model potential (non-central), while the other uses an angular averaged version of the same potential (central). We study PI for CH4, NH3, and H2O, from the outer and inner valence orbitals, and for SiH4 and H2S from the outer orbitals. The calculated PI cross sections and also the asymmetry parameters (obtained from the corresponding angular distributions) are compared with available theoretical and experimental data. For most cases, we observed an overall fairly good agreement with reference values, grasping the main features of the ionization process. In a second part of the thesis, we apply the Sturmian approach to study ionization of molecules by electron collisions. In the so-called (e,2e) processes, fully differential cross sections are investigated within both the first- or the second-Born approximations. Again, we show how to include in the description the random orientation of the molecule. We start with H atom, as a test system: the comparison of the calculated triple differential cross sections (TDCSs) with analytical results illustrates, similarly to the PI case, the efficiency of our GSF method. It is then applied to ionization of CH4, H2O and NH3, and comparisons are made with the few theoretical and experimental data available in the literature. For most cases, our TDCSs can reproduce such data, particularly for H2O and for slow ejected electrons in CH4
Giamarchi, Aurélie. "Les récepteurs-canaux polycystines : assemblage moléculaire et fonctions". Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20681.
Pełny tekst źródłaGonzalo, Milena. "Caractérisation des bactéries du sol forestier isolées au niveau des microhabitats et de leurs interactions avec le peuplier". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0294.
Pełny tekst źródłaSoil borne microbes are vital contributors to forest ecosystems through soil services such as organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling and sustaining plant growth. Bacteria and fungi form complex networks of interactions belowground interconnected with roots and assisting plants with water, nutrients, and some can help overcome pathogenic damages. During these biotic interactions, there is an exchange of signal molecules and metabolites that modify the local environment and can affect the presence and growth of surrounding microbial neighbours. These alterations are key processes in the structuration of soil microbial communities and plant development. In soil, abiotic and biotic factors such as pH, organic matter and vegetation have been extensively studied to govern microbial communities’ structure. However, some important biotic interactions are still poorly described. Especially molecules produced during bacterial interactions that affect microbial communities’ structure and plant health and growth are still underexplored. To obtain insights of the impact of these interactions, we focused on bacteria that share a habitat with the same abiotic and biotic conditions and that are likely interacting. In order to reach this goal, we isolated bacteria from different grains of soil, described their functional abilities, evaluated the behaviours against each other and their impact on the growth of Populus. In this study, bacteria from a grain of soil had a high functional diversity where few bacteria were interacting. Most interactions were antagonistic and few were strong inhibitions. Moreover, most bacteria altered the root architecture of Populus, and interestingly one Streptomyces strain was able to cause necrosis in the root system
Korek, Mahmoud-Abdallah. "Formulation explicite de l'effet de rotation de la fonction d'onde de vibration-rotation d'une molécule diatomique : les fonctions harmoniques de rotation". Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10176.
Pełny tekst źródłaLaghdir, Abdelouahed. "Etude énergétique des polarons et bipolarons dans le polythiophène : importance des effets coulombiens". Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20194.
Pełny tekst źródłaGrange, Magali. "Optimisation moléculaire des fonctions anti-tumorales des LT CD8". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4059.
Pełny tekst źródłaAdoptive therapies are compromised by poor infiltration and expansion of injected CD8 T cells. Previous work in our team has demonstrated that signals from TCR and IL-2 receptor are acting in synergy to promote the differentiation of CD8 T cells. Moreover, this IL-2 effect can be mimicked by a constitutive active form of STAT5 (STAT5CA). During my PhD, I expressed this active STAT5 in anti-tumor CD8 T cells in order to enhance their activity. We demonstrated that STAT5CA sustains gene expression involved in migration, survival, cytolytic granules composition, Tc1 cytokine secretion (IFNy/TNFα) and secondary response potential. T cells transduced with STAT5CA up-regulate expression of the transcription factors T-bet and Eomes which are involved respectively in effector or central memory T cell differentiation. Cytolytic and migratory properties of STAT5CA T cells contribute to their capacities to induce regression of both transplanted and induced (TiRP model) melanomas, while control T cells were inefficient. Those results suggest that STAT5CA T cells are less sensitive to tumor-derived immunosuppression. Compared to control T cells, STAT5CA T cells show a down-regulation of IL-6Rα and TGFβRII which correlate with their decreased sensitivity to IL-6 and TGF1 derived immunosuppression. Moreover, STAT5CA T cells infiltrate lung, liver and pancreas which open possible treatments for highly frequent tumors that are not efficiently cured
Couvineau, Pierre. "Études structure-fonction par modélisation moléculaire et mutagénèse dirigée de cibles thérapeutiques potentielles impliquées dans la régulation de l'équilibre hydrique et des fonctions cardiovasculaires". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB133/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe doctoral work was divided in two parts, one on the structure-function studies of aminopeptidase A, and the second one, on those of the apelin receptor. I/ Aminopeptidase A (APA) is a membrane bound monozinc aminopeptidase which generates, in the brain, angiotensin (Ang) III from Ang II. Ang III is one of the main effector peptides of the brain renin-angiotensin system, which exerts a tonic stimulatory action on the control of blood pressure in hypertensive rats. Thus, the blockade of brain APA by a specific and selective inhibitor, EC33 or its prodrug, RB150, normalizes blood pressure in two animal models of arterial hypertension (HTA). APA constitutes a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HTA that justifies the development of more potent and selective APA inhibitors than EC33, with enhanced pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles when compared to RB150. With this aim, we built a three dimensional (3D) model of APA based on the recently published crystal structure of human APA. We validated this model by structure-function studies combining molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis demonstrating the crucial role of one residue in the S1 subsite responsible for substrate specificity of APA for N-terminal acidic amino-acid residues and two other residues constituting the S2' subsite of APA involved in the binding of the P2' acidic residue of tripeptidic inhibitors, previously developed in the laboratory. II/ Apelin is the endogenous ligand of the human orphan receptor named APJ (ApelinR), a G protein-coupled receptor. Apelin and ApelinR are involved in the control of body fluid homeostasis and cardiovascular functions. ApelinR constitutes a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of heart failure and water retentions. Given that apelin half-life in the blood circulation is in the minute range, we aimed to develop potent metabolically stable apelin analogs.. In this context, it is necessary to understand how apelin binds to ApelinR and how it is activated. To do so, we build a 3D model of ApelinR based on the crystal structure of the chemokine receptor, CXCR4. We validated this model by structure-function studies by molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis. We showed that apelin interacts with the receptor through interactions between the basic residues of the peptide and the acidic residues of the ApelinR, located in the extracellular loops. ,We then developed metabolically stable apelin-17 (K17F) analogs following two different strategies. First, we substituted each residue of K17F by its D-isomer or a synthetic amino-acid. Secondly, we added a fluoroalkyl chain at the N-terminal part of K17F. These two strategies allowed to significantly improve plasma half-life of the modified peptides for several hours without modifying their pharmacological properties as compared to K17F. Two apelin metabolically stable analogs, P92 and LIT01-196, were found to have significantly higher in vivo activity than K17F with a strong capacity to decrease blood pressure and to inhibit vasopressin release in the blood stream inducing an increased aqueous diuresis. These new validated 3D models will be now used to perform in silico screening of virtual chemical libraries to discover new APA inhibitors and ApelinR agonists that could ultimately lead to new drug candidates. These compounds could be useful for the treatment of HTA and heart failure
Khouzami, Roger. "Synthèse et caractérisation physicochimique de tamis moléculaires de type aluminophosphate". Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10082.
Pełny tekst źródłaMaingault, Laurent. "Insertion d'ions magnétiques dans les boîtes quantiques de semiconducteurs II-VI". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10263.
Pełny tekst źródłaInserting magnetic impurities into semiconductor bulk materials leads to a ferromagnetic behavior. On the other hand, quantum dots confine carrier in all the space directions, allowing their individual control. This work deals with the insertion of a single magnetic impurity into a single II-VI semiconductor quantum dot. A straight-forward study of this interaction is performed with simple experimental set-ups. : a single spin can be detected and controlled with only optical means. This makes this system a candidate for a quantum-bit. Molecular Beam Epitaxy sample growth first presented. Manganese segregation along the growth is used to reduce, and still control, Mn density to a very low value. Optical micro spectroscopy experiments assess this method. Then, a fine study of the interaction between the impurity and carrier in the quantum dot is achieved. Experimental spectra are analyzed with the help of a simple modelisation of the wavefunction of the carriers confined in the dot. Quantitative values of this interaction are shown, including the effect of the impurity position in the dot and its confined-induced reduction. Finally, some possibilities to control this interaction are presented: its modification with the adding of carriers into the dot, and its increase with a better hole confinement
Moncoq, Karine. "Structure-fonction des différents domaines des adaptateurs moléculaires Grb14 et Grb7". Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077174.
Pełny tekst źródłaZwaenepoel, Ingrid. "Approche moléculaire des surdités héréditaires et de la fonction auditive". Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077192.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuchaîne, Thomas. "Dynamique moléculaire et fonctions des protéines Stau1 et Stau2 chez les mammifères". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2002. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ65703.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaEloutassi, Omar. "Etude fine de quelques liquides moléculaires purs en fonction de la température". Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10608.
Pełny tekst źródłaBassano, Vincent. "Formalisation des réseaux de régulations biologiques". Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2004. http://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2004/Interne/04EVRY0025.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaModelling is emerging in molecular biology as one of the main issues. The modelling of biological regulatory networks (BRN) can be achieved using R. Thomas method. Here we describe a formal generic approach to extract frameworks derived from this method. After a semi-formal definition of it (chapter 2), we formally present our generic approach based on bipartite graphs (chapter 3). We successfully describe : topology (chapter 4) ; parametrisation and marking (chapter 5) ; and a generalised semantic for the dynamics (chapter 6). In chapter 7 we describe a method to formalise boolean topology as a set of logical equations, thus justifying our use of bipartite graphs
Rouhana, Sarah. "Etude cellulaire et moléculaire de l'insuffisance cardiaque à fonction systolique préservée". Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT067/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a growing health problem. It could become the leading cause of HF within a decade. It is a pathology associated with high morbidity and mortality. Therapeutic options are limited due to a lack of knowledge of the pathology and its evolution. In this work, we investigated the cellular phenotype and Ca2+ handling in hearts recapitulating HFpEF criteria. HFpEF was induced in a portion of male Wistar rats four weeks after abdominal aortic banding. These animals had nearly normal ejection fraction and presented elevated blood pressure, lung congestion, concentric hypertrophy, increased LV mass, wall stiffness, impaired active relaxation and passive filling of the left ventricle, enlarged left atrium, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Left ventricular cell contraction was stronger and the Ca2+ transient larger. Ca2+ cycling was modified with a RyR2 mediated Ca2+ leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and impaired Ca2+ extrusion through the Na+ /Ca2+ (NCX), which promoted an increase in diastolic Ca2+ and spontaneous Ca2+ waves. PLN phosphorylation which promotes SERCA2a activity, was increased, suggesting an adaptive compensation of Ca2+ cycling. In the presence of Ranolazine, a sustained sodium current inhibitor, spontaneous Ca2+ events were suppressed. Cardiac remodeling in hearts with a HFpEF status differs from that known for HFrEF and opens the way to new pathophysiological and therapeutic actors
Maurizy, Chloé. "Rôle moléculaire de RPAP3 et fonction dans la physiologie de l'intestin". Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT149/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaMany substrates of HSP90 are involved in signal transduction pathways and related to tumour progression. Inhibition of HSP90 has anti-tumoral effects. Identification of the R2TP, a new HSP90 co-chaperon, allowed the identification of a new set of HSP90 substrates. HSP90/R2TP is involved in the assembly of snoRNPs, telomerase RNP, the nuclear RNA polymerases and PIKKs, which play key functions in cellular proliferation and tumorigenesis. R2TP is formed of four proteins: RUVBL1, RUVBL2, PIH1D1 and RPAP3, some of which are overexpressed in hepatocellular and colorectal cancer. We thus hypothesize that the co-chaperone R2TP could be involved in colorectal carcinogenesis.To study the role of R2TP in intestinal homeostasis and carcinogenesis, we generated a conditional knock-out murine model for RPAP3. We showed that RPAP3 invalidation in whole organism or only in colon is lethal at embryonic stage. The invalidation of RPAP3 in adult intestine, using an inducible recombinase (RPAP3 fl; Villin>Cre-ERT2), leads to a drastic phenotype as soon as 8 days post-induction, resulting in death after 10 days. This phenotype is reminiscent of proliferative defects.In parallel, we address the possibility of a therapeutic window to target RPAP3 during intestinal tumorigenesis by using heterozygous animals (RPAP3 fl/+; Villin>Cre-ERT2 ) in which tumorignesis is induced (i) either by a chemical treatment : for this, we take advantage of the established AOM /DSS protocol, or, (ii) by a genetic one ( Apc LoxP/+).These ongoing experiments will address the role of R2TP in a tissue with a constant turnover and the relevance of R2TP in tumorigenesis
Soares, Manuel. "Les Fonctions d'Airy en physique atomique et moléculaire : applications à l'inversion des facteurs de Franck-Condon et au chaos semiclassique". Orléans, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ORLE2064.
Pełny tekst źródłaFarre, Yoann. "Conception de nouveaux matériaux moléculaires pour l'élaboration de cellules photovoltaïques hybrides de type p à colorant". Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT4050/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis aims at contributing to the development of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) that are based on an organic dye and a p-type semi-conductor as photocathode such as NiO. In this context, these studies focus on the synthesis, the theoretical study by DFT calculations, the physicochemical characterizations (absorption and emission spectra, electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry) and photovoltaic characterizations of these innovative sensitizers. Structure modulations on a diketopyrrolopyrrole dye (DPP) investigate the influence of an electron-donating group and the crucial role of different electron-withdrawing groups on the lifetime of the charge separation state (NiO+/dye-) and on the photovoltaic performances. Enhancement and broadening of the absorption bands with new sensitizers have enabled to considerably increase the photocurrent density and to reach among the highest values reported in the literature with the best dyes. Synthesis of new organic push-pull dyes and the application of a strategy using two successive electron-withdrawing groups of growing strengths have been realized. This part highlights the necessity to develop new electron-donating and anchoring groups for p-type dye sensitized solar cells. This point issue was investigated in the final chapter of this thesis by the design of new perylene monoimide sensitizers, whose structures only differ by the nature of the anchoring group (CO2H, acac, PO3H2, hydroxyquinoline…). These dyes were investigated in DSSCs with porous cathode made of NiO or CuGaO2. It was shown that the binding group hydroxyquinoline gives higher photovoltaic performances than the classical carboxylic acid group
Brunet, Jean-François. "Transcrits associés au phénotype lymphocytaire T cytolytique : approche moléculaire d'une fonction complexe". Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX22089.
Pełny tekst źródłaJéru, Isabelle. "Physiopathologie des fièvres récurrentes héréditaires : approches moléculaires et cellulaires". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066119.
Pełny tekst źródłaDupuis, Morgan. "Susceptibilté et résistance à l'hypertension : mécanismes moléculaires impliqués au niveau de la paroi artérielle". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066358.
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