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1
Wu, Xiang Hao, Li Zhen Bai, Cong Kai Zhang i Pan Yuan. "Influence of Lime Dust on the Pore Structure and Strength of Fly Ash-Cement Paste". Applied Mechanics and Materials 99-100 (wrzesień 2011): 739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.99-100.739.
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By evaporable water test and compressive strength test, this paper studies on the influence of lime dust on pore structure and compressive strength of fly ash-cement paste. The test results show that: 1) With the volume of lime dust as cement replacement increasing, porosity and big pore to total volume ratio of fly ash-cement paste are gradually raising .However, with the volume of lime dust as fly ash replacement increasing, porosity of fly ash-cement paste decreases gradually, while big pore to total volume ratio firstly increases, and then decreases. 2) Substituting lime dust for isometric cement, compressive strength of fly ash-cement paste containing over 5% lime dust reduces gradually when the proportion of lime dust replacing cement raises. Whereas, substituting lime dust for isometric fly ash, the influence of lime dust content on compressive strength of fly ash-cement paste within less than 6% lime dust is not obvious. But When lime dust content is 9%, the compression strength of fly ash-cement paste increases by 20.0% around.
2
Wu, Xiang Hao, Yong Xin Yao, Xing Wei Yin i Pan Yuan. "Influence of Adding Lime Dust on Compressive Strength and Frost Resistance of Fly Ash Recycled Concrete". Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (marzec 2013): 1813–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.1813.
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The influence of part of fly ash replaced with lime dust on fly ash recycle concrete compressive strength and frost resistance is investigated by compression tests and rapid frost-thawing test. The experimental results show that part of fly ash replaced with lime dust will reduce the early compressive strength of the fly ash recycled concrete; the right amount of lime dust replacing fly ash can raise the latter compressive strength of fly ash recycled concrete, the best replacement proportion is 10%. The anti-frozen capacity of fly ash recycled concrete will reduce by replacing part of fly ash with lime dust, and the amplitude reduction of anti-frozen capacity of fly ash recycled concrete in seawater is greater than the amplitude reduction in sulfate solution and in freshwater.
3
Wu, Xiang Hao, Shan Shan Yang, Cong Kai Zhang i Pan Yuan. "Influence of Lime Dust on Chloride Binding Capacity of Fly Ash-Cement Paste". Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (listopad 2011): 1191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.1191.
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The influence of the way and the volume of adding lime dust to fly ash-cement pastes on chloride physical adsorption capacity, chemical combination capacity and binding capacity of fly ash-cement pastes is investigated by adsorption equilibrium method. The results show that with the volume of lime dust as cement replacement raising, the amount of chloride physically adsorbed by fly ash-cement pastes reduces, while the amount of chloride chemical combining is firstly increase, and then decrease, and it reaches the maximum when the lime dust content is 10% , that of chloride binding is firstly increase, and then decrease, which reaches the maximum when the lime dust content is 5%. In addition, with the volume of lime dust as fly ash replacement increasing , the volume of chloride physically adsorbed by fly ash-cement pastes reduces firstly, and then raises, reaching the minimum when the lime dust content is 6%. Whereas, volume of chloride chemical combining and binding both decrease gradually with the increase of lime dust contents. When the population of lime dust as cement or fly ash replacement is low(less than 15% for cement and 9% for fly ash), effect of lime dust content on chloride binding capacity of fly ash-cement pastes is not obvious (under 7.5%).
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Zhang, Hu Zhu, i Yan Hong Zhao. "A Study on Anti-Cracking Performance of Lime and Fly-Ash Stabilized Coal Gangue Roadbase Materials". Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (wrzesień 2014): 1113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.1113.
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In order to determine the mix proportion with better anti-cracking performance of lime and fly-ash stabilized coal gangue roadbase materials, anti-cracking performance of lime and fly-ash stabilized coal gangue influenced by quality ratio of lime to fly-ash was studied based on the same aggregate gradation and the same aggregate ratio. And then crack of test road with different mix proportion was observed. Results show that both temperature shrinkage anti-cracking coefficient and drying shrinkage anti-cracking coefficient vary along parabola rule with the decrease of the quality ratio of lime to fly-ash. The mixture have the best anti-cracking performance when the quality ratio of lime to fly-ash is 5:15, which was test and verify in the transverse crack observations of test road. Lime and fly-ash stabilized coal gangue roadbase materials have a good anti-cracking performance and suitable for base in the pavement structure. The reasonable ratio of lime and fly-ash stabilized coal gangue roadbase materials in the engineering should be 5:15:80.
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Xue, Wen, Xiang Ping Han, Zhi Guo Xia i Qi Zheng. "Impacts of Gradation on the Property of Lime-Fly Ash Bound Macadam". Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (maj 2012): 1321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.1321.
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This paper studied the lime-fly ash bound macadam mixed with different proportions of lime fly-ash and aggregates which is often used in construction projects, analyzed the impacts of the aggregate content to the unconfined compressive strength, modulus of compressive resilience property with various lime content and is showed that dense skeleton lime-fly ash bound macadam reached the desirable strength property and had good effect on pavement performance Therefore, it is concluded that lime-fly ash bound macadam with desirable property, replacing fine aggregates is achievable, Test results show that coarse aggregate of lime fly-ash stabilized aggregate can form skeleton structure and has the advantage of high strength and other better material properties which can meet the requirements pavement.
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Zhou, Cheng, Jian-Hua Yin i Jing-Ping Ming. "Bearing capacity and settlement of weak fly ash ground improved using lime fly ash or stone columns". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 39, nr 3 (1.06.2002): 585–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t02-011.
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An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of lime for the improvement of weak fly ash ground. In the study, a series of unconfined and confined compression tests were carried out on cylindrical samples in the laboratory and on cubic samples in the field, of Lime-FA (lime fly ash) mixtures with various mixing contents of lime and curing times. Some samples were compressed under a soaking condition with water. A series of full-scale physical tests in the field and small-scale physical tests in the laboratory were conducted on a foundation (or rigid plate) on weak fly ash ground improved using Lime-FA or stone columns, which form a composite foundation. Some physical tests were carried out under a soaking condition. From the test and physical model study, it was found that the Lime-FA mixture has a larger shear strength than that of fly ash when the mixing content of lime is larger than 10%. When the weak fly ash ground is improved with Lime-FA columns, the bearing capacity of the fly ash ground is increased, and the settlement is reduced largely. However, when the ground is soaked under water, the corresponding shear strength of the Lime-FA mixture is decreased, the bearing capacity of the Lime-FA composite ground is decreased, and the settlement is increased. A plate loading test with soaking test on a layer of 1.15 m thick fly ash was also done in the laboratory. The test results show that the top fly ash layer is not suitable as a foundation soil layer and should be replaced with other granular soils, rather than simply compacted to a higher density, due to the negative impact of soaking. Results from the test program are presented and discussed.Key words: fly ash, lime, unconfined compressive strength, shear strength, bearing capacity, settlement, soaking.
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Zhang, Zhiquan, i Yufen Zhang. "Test Study on Strength and Permeability Properties of Lime-Fly Ash Loess under Freeze-Thaw Cycles". Open Civil Engineering Journal 8, nr 1 (4.09.2014): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501408010172.
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In order to study the application of lime-fly ash loess in permafrost subgrade engineering, uniaxial compressive test, fast direct shearing test and permeability tests were carried out on lime-fly ash loess under different curing ages and freeze-thaw cycles. Uniaxial compressive strength of lime-fly ash loess increases slowly with the curing ages, and can reach 3.5 Mpa after the curing ages of 90 days (This strength is called 90d strength). 14d strength of lime-fly ash loess has already reached 50% of 90d strength; later strength including 28d strength and 90d strength is basically stable under different freeze-thaw cycles, so lime-fly ash loess has good water stability and freeze-thaw stability. Fast direct shear strength decreases with the number of freeze-thaw cycles without consideration of moisture content; the coefficient of permeability increases with the number of freeze-thaw cycles．All test data show that lime-fly ash loess with good behaviors can be applied in permafrost subgrade engineering.
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Latifee, Enamur R. "State-of-the-Art Report on Alkali Silica Reactivity Mitigation Effectiveness Using Different Types of Fly Ashes". Journal of Materials 2016 (27.09.2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7871206.
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Use of fly ash by percent replacement of cement is considered as one of the most economical and effective methods for mitigating alkali-silica reaction (ASR) related distress in the concrete. However, fly ash has been proven to be somewhat variable in its effectiveness in inhibiting alkali-silica reactivity, principally because its composition depends on the coal properties from which it is derived. Typically class C fly ashes are not as efficient as class F ashes due to their higher calcium oxide content. Nevertheless, it is important to find out whether the lime content in the fly ash has linear effect on ASR distress mitigation and if the dosage of fly ash is more influential than type of fly ash. This research conducted extensive testing with nine different types of fly ashes with three in each category of fly ashes, class C, class F, and intermediate class. The results indicated that the effect of increased dosage of fly ash on ASR mitigation is linear for both low-lime and high-lime fly ashes and the dosage effect is more significant with rapid effect with high-lime fly ashes compared to low-lime fly ashes.
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Bai, Shun Guo, i Yong Feng Hou. "Study on Properties of Cement Lime-Fly-Ash Soil". Key Engineering Materials 302-303 (styczeń 2006): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.302-303.457.
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In recent years, with the extensive application of deep mixing method in reinforcing the soft clay, study on the basic properties of cement-soil has been conducted deeply. In order to improve economic benefits and social benefit of the deep mixing method, this paper focuses on strength and permeability of cement-soil incorporating both lime and fly ash through laboratory experiments. According to the experimental data, the properties of cement lime-fly-ash soil are compared with those of ordinary cement-soil. The results show that cement lime-fly-ash soil is better than ordinary cement-soil. And some valuable conclusions are drawn based on experimental data. Firstly, the fly ash and lime mixed can raise strength remarkably. Secondly, the fly ash and lime mixed can improve impermeability of cement-soil effectually, especially when cement mixing ratio is very low. Thirdly, adding only fly ash into cement-soil can have adverse effects on the impermeability of cement-soil. In addition, the equivalent cement mixing amount of cement lime-fly-ash soil is identified through experimental data. These conclusions are valuable to engineering design and construction.
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Moghal, Arif Ali Baig, Ateekh Ur Rehman, K. Venkata Vydehi i Usama Umer. "Sustainable Perspective of Low-Lime Stabilized Fly Ashes for Geotechnical Applications: PROMETHEE-Based Optimization Approach". Sustainability 12, nr 16 (17.08.2020): 6649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166649.
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In the present scenario of global green environmental and sustainable management, the disposal of large volumes of coal-based ashes (fly ashes) generate significant environmental stress. The aim is to exploit these fly ashes for bulk civil engineering applications to solve societal-environmental issues employing sustainable measures. In this study, the addition of lime and/or gypsum in improving the geotechnical properties (hydraulic conductivity, compressibility, unconfined compression strength, lime leachability, and California bearing ratio) of fly ashes was investigated. To assist the practicing engineers in selecting the right mix of lime and/or gypsum for a given amount of fly ash for a specific application, a multi-criteria approach was adopted. The possible alternatives investigated included untreated fly ash, fly ash treated with lime (1%, 2.5%, 5%, or 10%), and a variation in gypsum dosage (1% or 2.5%) in the presence of lime. Sensitivity analysis was performed to recognize and resolve the conflicting advantages and disadvantages when mixing lime and gypsum. The study revealed that to derive the potential benefits of fly ash, it is essential to combine the lime dosage with gypsum for pavement and liner applications where bulk quantities of fly ash are employed.
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Joshi, R. C., J. P. A. Hettiaratchi i Gopal Achari. "Properties of modified Alberta fly ash in relation to utilization in waste management applications". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 21, nr 3 (1.06.1994): 419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l94-046.
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This paper presents the results of a laboratory investigation on hydraulic conductivity (k, also known as coefficient of permeability), compressive strength, and contaminant leachability of self-cementitious fly ash produced by two different coal-fired thermal power plants in Alberta. Hydraulic conductivity data are presented for fly ash and lime-modified fly ash samples with tap water and brine as permeants. The tap water k values of fly ash samples are almost two orders of magnitude higher than 1 × 10−7 cm/s, the usually required k value for a landfill bottom liner material. Addition of lime to fly ash increased the unconfined compressive strength and decreased the k value. The effect was directly proportional to the curing time and the percentage of lime added to the ash. The pozzolanic reactions between lime, water, and alumino-siliceous glass in the fly ash give rise to insoluble cementitious calcium alumino silicate hydrates. These pozzolanic reaction products contribute to strength gain and decrease in k value. It is also quite possible that salt precipitation during brine permeation blocked pore spaces and resulted in decreased k value. Nonetheless, the permeabilities of lime-modified fly ash samples are significantly lower than those of fly ash samples.In general, the amount of trace elements leached from test samples during tap water permeation decreased with increasing curing time and percentage of lime in samples. Exception was lead (Pb). Leachability of Pb increased with increasing lime content and curing time. Leachate pH held constant with time, which indicates that the removal of Ca(OH)2 in pozzolanic reactions did not have a significant impact on the pore solution pH. Key words: fly ash, hydraulic conductivity, contaminants, lime, leachability, liners, waste management, compressive strength, heavy metals.
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Yang, Fu Yun. "Experimental Study on the Solidification of MSWI Fly Ash". Advanced Materials Research 859 (grudzień 2013): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.859.3.
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This paper studied the characteristics of MSWI fly ash. Using cement and lime as a binder for the fly ash treatment effect has carried out in the experimental research. This study analyzed the fly ash solidification process and the best process parameters by using cement and lime and discussed the binder curing fly ash and its mechanism in the fly ash behavior. This paper provides a valuable reference for the further study on the harmless treatment of MSWI fly ash.
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Zhang, Hao, Yuan Cheng, Lei Yang i Weikang Song. "Modification of Lime-Fly Ash-Crushed Stone with Phosphogypsum for Road Base". Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (27.11.2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8820522.
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In order to increase the recycling of phosphogypsum waste, this study explored the feasibility of using phosphogypsum to replace some of the lime and aggregate in the lime-fly ash-crushed stone mixture which is a widely used road base material in China. For this purpose, compaction, compressive strength, composition structures, wetting-drying cycle tests, and shrinkage tests were carried out on the lime-fly ash-phosphogypsum-crushed stone composite to investigate its performance. The results indicate that lime-fly ash-crushed stone modified with phosphogypsum has the required strength of the road base material and favourable performances in environment (wetting-drying cycle) stability. The image processing analysis and shrinkage tests demonstrated that phosphogypsum can significantly improve the compactness and shrinkage performance of lime-fly ash-crushed stone mixture. A suitable content of phosphogypsum and a reasonable content of fine aggregate are conducive to improving the roadway engineering properties (i.e., decreasing shrinkage cracks and increasing compressive strength) of lime-fly ash-phosphogypsum-crushed stone composites.
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Jayakumar, Muthuramalingam, i M. Salman Abdullahi. "Experimental Study on Sustainable Concrete with the Mixture of Low Calcium Fly Ash and Lime as a Partial Replacement of Cement". Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (maj 2011): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.307.
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Even though the use of fly ash in concrete is nowadays a common practice, its relatively slow pozzolanic reactivity hinders its greater utilization; hence efficient methods of activation are on demand. This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of lime as a chemical activator on the mechanical and durability properties of high strength fly ash concrete. Mixtures were made with 0, 30, 40, and 50% of cement replaced by low calcium fly ash. Corresponding mixtures were also made with the same amount of fly ash and addition of 10% of lime to each mixture. For each concrete mixture, slump, compressive strength, water absorption, sorptivity, apparent volume of permeable voids, and resistance to chloride-ion penetration were measured. The results obtained showed that addition of lime improved the compressive strength significantly at all ages. The strength of all the fly ash mixtures containing lime surpassed that of the corresponding Portland cement mix at 60 days. Addition of lime also improved the sorptivity and resistance to chloride-ion penetration of the fly ash concrete. It however increases the water absorption and the volume of permeable voids of the fly ash concrete.
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Ghaffari, Alireza, i Amirreza Ghaffari. "The Effect of Fly Ash on Lime Mortar on Elevated Temperature". Advanced Materials Research 684 (kwiecień 2013): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.684.172.
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To enhance the mechanical and compressive strength of lime mortar(lime-sand ) the fly ash was added to the compound to improved the engineering performance of lime mixture .The addition of fly ash and lime stone dust to clay soils reduce their plasticity characteristics, swell potential and improve their compressive strength (Brooks et al. 2011) .Boardman et al (2001) observed that no significant pozzolonic activity appears to take place until 7 days of curing during their experiments at room temperature .In this research the effect of fly ash at different range from 30 to 70 percent of mix by varying lime percentage from 6 to 20 percent with thermodynamic parameters of their reaction was assessed in normal and raised temperature by curing compacted specimens in the laboratory .The compressive strength of fly ash and lime mixture are determined on curing period up to 28 days in normal state and one days on raised one .The Result portrayed that raised temperature highly boosted the compressive strength of the mix from 30 to 120 percent at different range of fly ash mixture with lime.
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Bhosale, Harshad. "Soil Stabilization by Using Lime and Fly Ash at Ahirwadi". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, nr 6 (30.06.2023): 2538–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.54093.
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Abstract: Soil stabilization is a crucial aspect of civil engineering, particularly in the construction of infrastructure projects. This study investigates the effectiveness of lime and fly ash as soil stabilizers and their combined application for enhancing soil properties. The objective of this research is to evaluate the changes in the geotechnical properties of soil treated with lime and fly ash, including compressive strength, shear strength, and durability. In this experimental study, different proportions of lime and fly ash were mixed with the soil samples to determine the optimal combination that yields the highest improvement in soil characteristics. The laboratory tests conducted on the stabilized soil samples included compaction tests and unconfined compressive strength tests. The samples were cured for different periods to assess the long-term performance and durability of the stabilization technique. The results indicate that the addition of lime and fly ash significantly improves the soil's engineering properties. The lime effectively increases the soil's pH, reducing plasticity and improving workability. The fly ash, on the other hand, enhances the pozzolanic reactivity and improves the soil's strength and durability. The combination of lime and fly ash demonstrates synergistic effects, leading to further improvements in the stabilized soil's properties.
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ÖZKUL, Işılay, Adil GÜLTEKİN i Kambiz RAMYAR. "Effect of cement and lime on strength and high-temperature resistance of class F and C fly ash-based geopolymer mortars". Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies 7, nr 2 (28.06.2022): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47481/jscmt.1120446.
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Geopolymers have advantages such as good high-temperature, acid and sulfate resistance. Recently, researchers have been working on cement-geopolymer hybrid materials. According to these studies, it is possible to adjust the setting times, to gain strength at ambient temperature and to increase the strength with the use of cement. However, it is known that the structural stability of cement deteriorates at high temperatures, lowering its strength. In this study, the effect of slaked lime and cement inclusion on the strength and high-temperature resistance of Class F and Class C fly ash-based geopolymer mortars was investigated. For this purpose, fly ash was replaced with 10, 20 and 30% cement or 5, 10, 15 and 20% slaked lime. The lime and cement substitutions decreased the compressive strength by 8.9-24.4% in Class F fly ash-based geopolymer mortars. In Class C fly ash, however, the cement addition increased the compressive strength up to 46.6%, but the lime inclusion decreased the strength slightly. There was no significant change in the high-temperature resistance of cement or lime-included Class F fly ash geopolymer mortars exposed to 900°C. However, serious decrease was recorded in the high-temperature resistance of Class C fly ash geopolymers upon partial replacement of the fly ash with either cement or lime.
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Ricou-Hoeffer, P., V. Héquet, I. Lécuyer i P. Le Cloirec. "Adsorption and stabilization of nickel ions on fly ash/lime mixing". Water Science and Technology 42, nr 5-6 (1.09.2000): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0498.
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Experimental design methodology was used to define conditions for the adsorption and the stabilization of nickel ions (initial concentration of 500 mg.L-1) on coal fly ash/lime sorbent. This type of sorbent allows the reuse of by-products and increases the stabilization of metallic ions by lime addition. It was shown that the solution pH, the metal/adsorbent mass ratio, the type of fly ash used as sorbent, and the fly ash/lime mass ratio are the most influential factors. A set of parameters was finally obtained (pH 5, metal/adsorbent ratio of 0.01 g.g-1, fly ash/lime ratio of 4 g.g-1, fly ash with the lowest content of iron oxide) for which the removal of Ni2+ is 96% and the leaching 0.03% by permuted water and 0.2% by acid solution of pH 2.
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James, Jijo, i Rajasekaran Saraswathy. "Performance of Fly Ash - Lime Stabilized Lateritic Soil Blocks Subjected to Alternate Cycles of Wetting and Drying". Civil and Environmental Engineering 16, nr 1 (1.06.2020): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cee-2020-0004.
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AbstractThe study investigated the durability performance of lime and fly ash stabilized lateritic soil blocks subjected to conditions of alternate wetting and drying. A locally available lateritic soil was collected and characterized in the laboratory for its geotechnical properties. The soil was then stabilized using lime and fly ash of various combinations. The blocks were tested for their compressive strength, water absorption and efflorescence. Durability was evaluated by subjecting the blocks to three cycles of wetting and drying and testing its compressive strength. The investigation revealed that fly ash-lime stabilization was capable of producing stabilized blocks meeting the standard requirements of Indian codes in terms of compressive strength, water absorption and efflorescence. The results revealed that a combination of 10 % fly ash with 10 % lime was enough to stabilize the soil to achieve the strength of a class 20 block whereas a combination of 10 % fly ash and 14 % lime was required to achieve the strength of a class 30 block. Wetting and drying cycles resulted in a marginal increase in strength after the first cycle but reduction thereafter. The optimal combination of 10 % fly ash and 14 % lime resulted in less than 25 % loss in strength after three cycles of wetting and drying.
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Hangge, Elsy E., Remigildus Cornelis i Antonius Y. Dom. "Pengaruh Fly Ash pada Stabilisasi Lempung Ekspansive Terhadap Nilai Tegangan Geser dan CBR". JURNAL FORUM TEKNIK SIPIL (J-ForTekS) 2, nr 1 (28.05.2022): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/forteks.v2i1.6702.
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Expansive clay soils are categorized as poor as subgrades because of their low capacity for bearing soil. Therefore, it needed to stabilize with added lime and fly ash materials. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding lime and fly ash on the bearing capacity of expansive clay in the form of shear stress and CBR values. The research method used is observation, namely testing of physical and mechanical properties in the laboratory. The tests were carried out on the original soil, and soil was stabilized using 5% lime, and the fly ash content was 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. The biggest change in the value of the CBR test occurred in the CBR value that was not submerged after seven days of curing on a variation of a mixture of 5% lime (fixed) and 50% fly ash, which was 11.74% of the original soil CBR value of 1.39%. The largest increase in soil bearing capacity (qu) and undrained soil cohesion (cu) was obtained in the composition of the original soil mixture, 5% lime and 50% fly ash, namely 0.368 kg/cm2 and 0.184 kg/cm2. The results showed that the stabilization of expansive clay using lime and fly ash increased the bearing capacity of the soil.
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Liang, Chou-Fu, i Hung-Yu Wang. "Feasibility of Pulverized Oyster Shell as a Cementing Material". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/809247.
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This research intends to study the cementing potential of pulverized oyster shell, rich in calcium, when mixed with fly ash and soil. Cylindrical compacted soil and cubic lime specimens with different proportions of the shells and fly ash are made to study the strength variance. Soil, which is classified as CL in the USCS system, commercialized pulverized oyster shell, F-type fly ash, and lime are mixed in different weight percentages. Five sample groups are made to study the compressive strength of soil and lime specimens, respectively. The lime cubes are made with 0.45 W/B ratio and the cylindrical soils are compacted under the standard Procter compaction process with 20% moisture content. The results show that increment of shell quantity result to lower strength on both the soil and lime specimens. In a 56-day curing, the compressive strength of the lime cubes containing fly ash increases evidently while those carrying the shell get little progress in strength. The soil specimens containing fly ash gradually gain strength as curing proceeds. It suggests that mixtures of the shell and fly ash do not process any Pozzolanic reaction nor help to raise the unconfined strength of the compacted soil through the curing.
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Chao, Yan, Liu Songyu i Deng Yongfeng. "Experimental Research for the Application of Mining Waste in the Trench Cutting Remixing Deep Wall Method". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/202848.
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This paper focuses on the use of fly ash (FA) or ground granulated blast slag (GGBS) and reactive lime blends for cement-stabilized Nanjing clay, comparing them with Portland cement (PC) for enhanced technical performance. A range of tests were conducted to investigate the properties of stabilized soils, including macrostrength (UCS), permeability, and microstructure analyses by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The influence of PC : (FA + lime) ratio, PC : (GGBS + lime) ratio and curing time was addressed. The UCS and permeability results revealed that PC-FA-lime was more efficient than PC-GGBS-lime as a binder for soil stabilization, with an optimum proportion of PC : (FA + lime) = 3 : 7 at 25% binder content, varying with curing time. The microstructure analysis reveals that fly ash mainly changes the pore volume distribution, which ranges between 0.01 μm and 1 μm, and produces more CSH/CASH bonding and fissures due to the secondary hydration and pozzolanic reactions. Based on the favourable results obtained, it can be concluded that the soft soils can be successfully stabilized by the combined action of cement, fly ash, and lime. Since fly ash is much cheaper than cement, the addition of fly ash and lime in cement-soil mix may particularly become attractive and can result in cost reduction of construction.
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Chen, Hua Liang, i Da Wei Wang. "The High Activity of Fly Ash Used in Lime - Fly Ash". Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (grudzień 2012): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.335.
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Doped fly ash with lime as a binder, can be used to stabilize the crushed stone, sand and gravel, as well as other types of aggregate formation of two gray gravel, two gray gravel and lime soil or other structure used as a road pavement base or sub-base, in order to to verify the effect of the high activity of fly ash in the actual project, taking into account two gray macadam base and cement fly ash macadam base for semi-rigid base type commonly used in the early construction of the highway in Guangxi, the ash proportion indoor test range, and ultimately determine the best ratio.
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Saxena, Shefali, Khushboo Srivastava, Uttra Chandrawat i Ashu Rani. "Defluoridation Kinetics over Lime Stone Slurry Impregnated Fly Ash". International Journal of Scientific Research 2, nr 3 (1.06.2012): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/mar2013/7.
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Guo, Jian Ning, Shi Bin Ma i Lei Wang. "Research on Pavement Performance of Dense Skeleton Lime Fly-Ash Stabilized Aggregate in Gravelly Conditions". Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (lipiec 2011): 1033–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.1033.
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Lime fly-ash stabilized aggregate is the commonly material used as semi-rigid base course of pavement and the performance of pavement directly affects its service life. This paper focuses on pavement performance of dense skeleton lime fly-ash stabilized aggregate in gravelly conditions. Test results show that coarse aggregate of lime fly-ash stabilized aggregate can form skeleton structure and has the advantage of high strength and other better material properties which can meet the requirements pavement.
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Yang, Min, Yan Xie i Ying Pang. "Durability of Lime-Fly Ash Stabilized Soil Activated by Calcined Phosphogypsum". Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (grudzień 2010): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.133.
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Stabilized soil is widely used as road base and sub-base materials, and is sometimes used as covering for waste matter in China. In soil stabilization, the property of a locally available soil are usually modified though chemical stabilization[1]. Cement stabilization and lime stabilization are the two most commonly used methods. Lime-fly ash stabilized soil has been widely applied in road engineering due to its good integrity, great bearing capacity, high stiffness, and water-proofing quality[2-4]. One disadvantage of lime-fly ash stabilized soil is that without any additives, its inherent low initial strength makes it inappropriate for use under low-temperature conditions. Researchers have found that the pozzolanic reactivity among lime, fly ash, and soil contributes to the strength of lime-fly ash stabilized soil. To increase the initial strength of lime-fly ash stabilized soil, many approaches have been used to accelerate the pozzolanic reaction. Sulfate activation is one of the methods that has been widely investigated, specifically, Na2SO4 and CaSO4[5]. PG, another sulfate, has also been investigated. However, existing studies have limited to the investigation of the development of strength of the stabilized soil as road base and sub-base materials. The effect of PG on the durability of stabilized soil has rarely been implicated. This work aims to study the effect of thermally treated PG (400°C) on the properties of durability, in addition to other aspects, of lime-fly ash stabilized soil. Lime-fly ash stabilized soil with different proportions of calcined PG were prepared and cured at normal conditions for 7 d and 28 d. Mass loss and strength loss under different treatments were determined. X-ray diffraction(XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) photos were examined to gauge whether improvements in the performances of the stabilized soil can be obtained by use of thermally treated PG.
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Li, Zhi Qing, Zhen Dong Cui, Yan Ping Wang, Li Chao Wang i Duo Zhong. "Experimental Study on the Engineering Characteristics of Improved Soil". Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (grudzień 2010): 1426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.1426.
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According to the typical loess in Shuozhou in Shanxi province, tests involved in compaction characteristics, shearing strength characteristics and disintegration are carried out by using loess and three kinds of improved loess, namely lime and fly-ash, lime and cement, cement and fly-ash. The best improved soil method is selected. The test results indicate that the compact hybrid structure is formed by fly ash and loess. The activity of fly ash is activated as a result of the lime mixing. A series of hydration reaction prompt the intensity of modified loess. And the physical and mechanical properties of improved loess are improved noticeably.
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Lindh, Per, i Polina Lemenkova. "Laboratory Experiments on Soil Stabilization to Enhance Strength Parameters for Road Pavement". Transport and Telecommunication Journal 24, nr 1 (1.02.2023): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2023-0008.
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Abstract Clay soils can cause significant distress in road construction due to their low strength. Stabilizing such soil improve with binder agents prior to the geotechnical works can significantly its performance and ensure safety and stability of roads while exploitation. This research envisaged the use of five different binders (lime, energy fly ash, bio fly ash, slag, cement) as an additive stabilizing agents to improve the strength parameters of soil as required in engineering industry standards. The variations of strength was assessed using measurements of P-wave velocity of the elastic waves propagating through soil specimens stabilized by different combination of binders. Measurements were performed on 28th day of soil treatment. The best effects of added binders were noted in the following combinations: cement / energy fly ash / bio fly ash (P-waves >3100 m/s), followed by combination lime / energy fly ash / GGBFS (P-waves >2800 m/s) and cement / lime / energy fly ash (P-waves >2700 m/s). Adding lime is effective due to its fixation and chemical bond with particles. The study contributes to the industrial tests on soil strength for constructing roadbed.
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Maheswaran, Gnanakaran, Manokararajah Krishnapillai, Doreen Churchill i Lakshman Galagedera. "Fly-ash from a pulp and paper mill: A potential liming material for agricultural soils in Western Newfoundland." Canadian Biosystems Engineering 61, nr 1 (31.12.2019): 1.9–1.15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7451/cbe.2019.61.1.9.
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Most agricultural soils in Western Newfoundland are acidic and need lime to raise soil pH to be productive. Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Ltd produces a substantial amount of fly-ash, disposed of at a local landfill. This study was conducted to assess the potential for using fly-ash as a liming material for agricultural soil (pH 5.5) in Western Newfoundland. Heavy metal concentration in the soil and fly-ash were analysed and compared with soil and compost guidelines. As per quality guidelines, only part of the lime requirement can be substituted by fly-ash. The percentage may vary depending on initial soil pH and the desired pH for the crop to be grown. The total lime requirement can be met when fly-ash is applied combined with other soil amendments low in trace element concentration.
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Okonta, Felix N., i Oluwapelumi O. Ojuri. "The Stabilization of Weathered Dolerite Aggregates with Cement, Lime, and Lime Fly Ash for Pavement Construction". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/574579.
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An experimental program was performed on weathered dolerite specimens stabilized by adding varying percentages of cement (4, 8, 12, and 16) % and lime (6 and 12) % and a combination of lime and fly ash (6% lime + 12% Fly ash and 12% lime + 12% Fly ash) % by dry weight of soil. The strength was examined under three different curing methods, namely, membrane curing (MBC), alternate moist-air curing (MAC), and water curing (WAC), by conducting unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests. Simple polynomial and linear functions (regression models) were used to define the relationships between the variables investigated. Membrane curing (MBC) gave results close enough to the water curing (WAC) to indicate that it can be confidently used on the field during pavement construction. From the results obtained, for class B (interurban collector and major rural roads) pavement construction, addition of 8% cement was recommended for road base construction with stabilized WDA. Also the addition of 12 + 12% Lime and Fly Ash was recommended for road subbase construction with stabilized WDA. Stabilized WDA against the prejudiced myths would perform satisfactorily for base and subbase construction in both heavily trafficked and low volume roads with economic quantities of cement, lime, and fly ash in South Africa.
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Orlovskyy, Vitalii, Volodymyr Bileckyy i Myroslav Malovanyy. "Research of Lime-Ash Plugging Mixtures". Chemistry & Chemical Technology 16, nr 4 (22.12.2022): 621–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht16.04.621.
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Lime-ash plugging mixtures (LAPM) with a density of 1450–1780 kg/m3 have been developed and studied as new and competitive plugging compositions. LAPM consisting of lime and acid fly ash were found to be expanded during setting. The composition of the products formed during LAPM hydration was determined by means of X-ray phase analysis. Kinetic curves of plugging material expansion have been obtained at the temperatures of 348–413 K. Rational temperature regimes of LAPM setting according to the criteria of strength and gas permeability of cement stone have been determined.
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Sun, Jia Ying, i Yi Dong Xu. "Study on the Effect of Waste Gypsum on Hardening Paste Structure and Performances of Lime-Fly Ash". Advanced Materials Research 213 (luty 2011): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.213.31.
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Based on the experiments, the effect of waste gypsum on the formation of paste structure, the early strength and the stability of lime-fly ash is discussed in the article. As is shown by the results, the early strength of paste was improved by adding waste gypsum into lime-fly ash. The stability of lime-fly ash paste modified by waste gypsum could meet technical requirements when waste gypsum admixture was less than 40%. With the increase of hydration age, the number of ettringite (AFt) and C-S-H gel in paste would increase.
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Thomas, Todd, Arlis Kadrmas i John Huffman. "Cold In-Place Recycling on US-283 in Kansas". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1723, nr 1 (styczeń 2000): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1723-07.
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In 1997 an experimental partial-depth cold in-place recycling project was performed on US-283 in Kansas. Two sections approximately equal in length, one with Class C fly ash and the other with an emulsion with lime slurry, were recycled. On both sections a hot-mix asphalt overlay was placed after curing. Field observations in 1998 showed minor transverse cracking in the fly ash section, but no cracking was evident in the emulsion-plus-lime section. Transverse cracking increased in the fly ash section in 1999 and was noted for the first time in the emulsion-plus-lime section during this same evaluation. Longitudinal cracking in the wheel-paths of the fly ash section was also first observed in 1999. Rutting was not observed in either section during the evaluations. The results of Superpave indirect tensile testing in the laboratory confirmed that the fly ash section should crack before the emulsion-plus-lime section; laboratory testing with the Superpave shear tester and the asphalt pavement analyzer also indicated that the mixtures were not susceptible to rutting.
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Yin, Kangliying. "Multiple Optimization of Cold Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Mixture". E3S Web of Conferences 406 (2023): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340601015.
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Many asphalt pavements fail structurally after having performed well for some years. In China, when low volume of traffic highway is recycled, the asphalt surface course and the base course stabilized by inorganic stabilizers are sometimes recycled and mixed together to form a new base. Portland cement, lime-fly ash, lime or Portland cement-fly ash is added to improve the strength of the new base, but they are not used at the same time, so it is difficult for a road engineer to select an effective and economical stabilizer. To evaluate the effect and economical efficiency of different stabilizers comprehensively, this paper used Portland cement, lime-fly ash, lime and Portland cement-fly ash to form four kinds of cold recycled mixtures and every kind of cold recycled mixture has 3 mix proportions. The unconfined compression strength, flexural tensile strength, splitting strength, compression resilient modulus, shrinkage performance, water stability performance, fatigue failure and engineering cost of 12 cold recycled mixtures were compared. Finally, the Portland cement-fly ash stabilized mixture with proportion of 5:15:80 was recommended.
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Pan, Lin, i Chun Han. "Research on the Performance of the Autoclaved Fly Ash Common Brick". Advanced Materials Research 424-425 (styczeń 2012): 660–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.424-425.660.
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Based on the experimental study foundation of setting altogether 10 bearing axially loaded long column of the autoclaved fly ash solid bricks. We had a comparative analysis on the fly-ash common brick with existing norms. At last, we get that ultimate bearing experimental value of autoclaved fly ash-lime brick masonry is higher than Theoretical ultimate bearing through research and analysis. It was said that it is reliable to calculate the load-bearing capacity of autoclaved fly ash-lime brick and column by design standard formula of masonry.
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Poernomo, Herry. "PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE UTILIZATION OF THE FLY ASH FROM COAL-FIRED POWER PLANT FOR IMMOBILIZATION OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE". Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 11, nr 3 (20.12.2011): 258–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21390.
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Preliminary study of the utilization of the fly ash from coal-fired power plant for immobilizing simulated radioactive waste has been done. The objective of this research was to study characteristics of pozzolanic material of the fly ash from coal-fired power plant as substitute of compactor material for immobilizing simulated radioactive waste. The experiment was carried out by mixing of the compactor materials such as (cement + lime), (cement + fly ash), (cement + fly ash + lime), (fly ash + lime) with Na2SO4 225 g/L and KCl 4.6 g/L as simulation of evaporator concentrate according to reference waste form no. 1 on characterization of low and medium-level radioactive waste forms in the EUR 9423-EN. Each mixture of compactor materials solidified for 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days. Solidified result was monolith, and then its compressive strength, water absorption, and porosity were tested. The experiment result showed that the best of the compactor materials on the immobilizing simulated radioactive waste was cement of 30% (wt), fly ash of 20% (wt), and lime of 20% (wt) with compressive strength of monolith of 1512.7 N/cm2. The condenser substance on the weight ratio of fly ash/lime of 20/50 - 60/10 % (wt) as pozzolanic substance could be used for immobilizing simulated radioactive waste by compressive strength of monoliths of 345 - 610.4 N/cm2. Minimum compressive strength of monolith from radioactive waste cementation according to IAEA is 320 N/cm2, hence compressive strength of monoliths from this experiment can be expressed enough well.
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Cheng, Tao, i Ke Qin Yan. "Mechanics Properties of the Lime-Fly Ash Stabilized Soil for Pavement Structures". Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (listopad 2012): 1445–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.1445.
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Mechanics properties of lime- fly ash stabilized soil are investigated. First, the chemical composition of fly ash are analyzed by spectral analysis test. Compaction experiments of all mix proportion projects are carried out in different water conditions to obtain the optimum water contents. Then the optimum mix proportion is obtained by the unconfined compressive strength and the compression rebound modulus test. Finally, the pavement structures design for a highway of lime- fly ash stabilized soil road sub-base is done. By the comparison, a conclusion can be drawn that lime-fly ash stabilized soil is suitable for flexible pavement or semi-rigid pavement because of its good strength and rigidity which can effectively reduce thickness of the lower pavement and basic deflection.
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Nugroho, Soewignjo, Sri Wardani i Agus Muntohar. "Density, load and fly ash effect on stabilization of high plasticity soil with lime". Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences 16, nr 2 (30.06.2023): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30772/qjes.v16i2.925.
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The reuse recycling materials or industrial waste materials with aims to reduce pollution and environmental pollution, strongly supports concept of green building. Fly Ash is result of combustion pulverized system coal at the PLTU Tenayan, is no longer included in the B3 waste category. The usage of Fly Ash usage as building material, mine restoration, roads in this decade, is to replace cement or lime. The fly ash composition is mixed with lime for sub-base, will applied on high plasticity soils. A fix-mixture of soil and lime 5%, mixed with fly ash up to 30% of the mixture. The samples test was made at Optimum Moisture Content, with density values around Maximum Dry Density i.e. under compacted (under MDD) and over compacted (above MDD). Consolidated testing was performed with and without curing. Changes of load are represented by load increment ratio (LIR). The selected LIR value is 1.0; 1,5; and 2.0. The results showed that the higher of density, the volume of void is lower. The soil compression index value is the same for all density values, if the soil structure has not destroyed. or fatigue yet. In samples with crushed/broken soil structures, the value of the compressibility index decreased sharply. Curing successfully decreased the void ratio and compressibility of the soil. The strength of fly ash will decrease when reacting with water, so if soil burdened, the void ratio decreases drastically. The formation of strong molecular bonds between Fly ash and lime takes time. So, the compressibility value of the sample by curing 28 days is better than without curing. The composition levels between fly ash and lime also affects the compressibility index of the mixture. The optimum combination occurs in samples with a fly ash content of 25%.
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Valcuende, Manuel, Rafael Calabuig, Ana Martínez-Ibernón i Juan Soto. "Influence of Hydrated Lime on the Chloride-Induced Reinforcement Corrosion in Eco-Efficient Concretes Made with High-Volume Fly Ash". Materials 13, nr 22 (14.11.2020): 5135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225135.
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The main objective of this study was to analyze the influence that the addition of finely ground hydrated lime has on chloride-induced reinforcement corrosion in eco-efficient concrete made with 50% cement replacement by fly ash. Six tests were carried out: mercury intrusion porosimetry, chloride migration, accelerated chloride penetration, electrical resistivity, and corrosion rate. The results show that the addition of 10–20% of lime to fly ash concrete did not affect its resistance to chloride penetration. However, the cementitious matrix density is increased by the pozzolanic reaction between the fly ash and added lime. As a result, the porosity and the electrical resistivity improved (of the order of 10% and 40%, respectively), giving rise to a lower corrosion rate (iCORR) of the rebars and, therefore, an increase in durability. In fact, after subjecting specimens to wetting–drying cycles in a 0.5 M sodium chloride solution for 630 days, corrosion is considered negligible in fly ash concrete with 10% or 20% lime (iCORR less than 0.2 µA/cm2), while in fly ash concrete without lime, corrosion was low (iCORR of the order of 0.3 µA/cm2) and in the reference concrete made with Portland cement, only the corrosion was high (iCORR between 2 and 3 µA/cm2).
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Nalbantoglu, Zalihe, i Erdil Riza Tuncer. "Compressibility and hydraulic conductivity of a chemically treated expansive clay". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 38, nr 1 (1.02.2001): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t00-076.
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The paper presents a series of laboratory tests and evaluates the effect of lime and fly ash on the compressibility and hydraulic characteristics of an expansive soil in Cyprus. The tests were performed at different percentages of lime (07%) and fly ash (15 and 25%) by dry weight of soil, and additional tests were also performed on soils treated with 15% fly ash plus 3% lime. Previously published research reveals that few data are available concerning the compressibility and hydraulic conductivity of lime-treated soils. The results of this study indicate an increase in the vertical effective yield stress (apparent preconsolidation pressure) and a decrease in the compressibility characteristics of the treated soils. Moreover, unlike some of the findings in the literature, higher hydraulic conductivity values were obtained with time. This finding has been substantiated by the reduced cation exchange capacity (CEC) values, which indicate that the pozzolanic reaction causes the soils to become more granular in nature, resulting in higher hydraulic conductivity.Key words: cementation, compressibility, fly ash, hydraulic conductivity, lime.
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Wang, Wei, Beifeng Lv, Chen Zhang, Na Li i Shaoyun Pu. "Mechanical Characteristics of Lime-Treated Subgrade Soil Improved by Polypropylene Fiber and Class F Fly Ash". Polymers 14, nr 14 (19.07.2022): 2921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14142921.
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To improve the limitations of lime-treated subgrade soil (LS), a series of unconsolidated and undrained triaxial tests were conducted to investigate the improvement effect of fiber modified lime-treated soil (PLS) and fly ash modified lime-treated soil (FLS). The test results showed that (1) The deviatoric stress-strain curves of LS, PLS, and FLS were basically of the softening type. (2) The addition of fiber and fly ash improved the ductility and stiffness of LS. The ductility of PLS increased by 134% compared with LS, while the mechanical strength of FLS increased by 53%. (3) The microscopic tests showed that a denser skeleton structure was generated inside LS with the addition of fiber and fly ash. (4) The deviatoric stress-strain curves of LS, PLS, and FLS under different confining pressures were better characterized with the CES curve model. The above results indicate that fiber and fly ash can effectively improve the mechanical characteristics of lime-treated subgrade soil.
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Tang, Hui, Ziquan Yang, Hongtao Zhu i Haoqiang Dong. "Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties of Xinyang Red Clay Improved by Lime and Fly Ash". Applied Sciences 13, nr 10 (20.05.2023): 6271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13106271.
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There is limited research on the utilization of lime and fly ash for improving the mechanical properties of red clay soils. This study investigates the physical and mechanical properties of modified red clay with single fly ash, single lime, and mixed cases using various experimental tests, such as direct shear tests, unconfined compression tests, etc. Scanning electron microscopy was also used to analyze the microstructure of the modified red clay. The findings indicate that the incorporation of lime and fly ash resulted in a decrease in the liquid limit, plasticity index, and maximum dry density of the modified soils, while increasing the plastic limit and optimum water content. The enhancement of lateritic soils by lime and fly ash was primarily attributed to the generation of gel substances from the active ingredients, which improved the soil microstructure and increased its strength. The case study in this paper provides a new perspective on soil improvement.
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Ma, Xiao Qian, Xue Xue i Xian Peng Cheng. "Shrinkage Performance of Lime-Fly Ash Stabilized Crushed Stone". Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (wrzesień 2013): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.117.
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In order to study the effect of several factors on the shrinkage performance of lime-fly ash stabilized crushed stone, temperature shrinkage coefficients and dry shrinkage coefficients of mixtures with different gradations, lime and fly content and age were measured. Results indicate that mixture with a stone-on-stone contact has better shrinkage-resistance performance; For the same gradation, both dry shrinkage coefficient and temperature coefficient become improved with lime-fly content increasing; when the lime-fly content is the same, temperature shrinkage coefficient increases with longer age; Results of analysis of variance show that to the temperature shrinkage coefficient, the effect of age and lime and fly content are important, and the latter is greater. To the dry shrinkage coefficient, gradation and lime and fly content are important factors, and the former is greater.
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Turgut, Paki, Mehmet Can Alas i Muhammed Arif Gurel. "Lightweight masonry block without Portland cement". Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental 26, nr 5 (październik 2021): 945–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-415220180211.
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ABSTRACT Huge amounts of fly ash - a substance that does not conform to the ASTM C618 classification due to its chemical properties - have been abandoned in landfills around the world, despite their self-cementing property. It has not been used in concrete making applications due to its large amounts of free lime and sulfate contents. The fly ash in these plants is dumped in landfills, causing serious environmental hazards. Fly ash is disposed to the landfills by belt conveyors after being humidified with water. Therefore, the fly ashes humidified in the landfill areas are hydrated in nature. This hydration is further intensified in landfills by rain and snow. Thus, the free lime content of fly ash decreases due to its long hydration process. In this work, the lightweight masonry blocks were produced by mixing normal and hydrated fly ashes or normal, hydrated fly ash and lime without Portland cement. The compressive strength, water absorption, sorptivity, density, porosity, and thermal conductivity values of the samples produced were determined. The results obtained from these tests showed that lightweight masonry blocks could be produced by using these waste materials in building applications.
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Patil, Ranjana A., i Sangesh P. Zodape. "X-Ray Diffraction and SEM Investigation of Solidification/ Stabilization of Nickel and Chromium Using Fly ash". E-Journal of Chemistry 8, s1 (2011): S395—S403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/274275.
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The main thrust of the paper is mechanism of immobilization of nickel(Ni) and chromium(Cr) metal sludge by solidification/stabilization using lime fly ash and sand (LFAS). The mineralogy of fly ash used for the study has been determined on the basis of x- ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Attempts have been made to investigate the consequences of interaction of heavy metal ion with constituents of lime fly ash sand composite on the basis of XRD studies and scanning electron microscopy (SEM, except chromium).
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Peng, Bo, Wen Ying Li, Guang Kai Yin i Zhi Hao Cheng. "Research on Shrinking Performance of Recycled Asphalt Pavement Material Stabilized with Inorganic Binder". Applied Mechanics and Materials 727-728 (styczeń 2015): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.727-728.25.
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This paper studies on shrinkage performance of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) material blended with inorganic binder such as cement, lime-fly ash (lime and fly ash) and three ashes (cement, lime and fly ash), with certain intensity used as base course. The erosion, dry shrinkage and temperature shrinkage tests were conducted on the recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) material blended with the three kinds of inorganic binder, to evaluate and compare different types of cold recycled inorganic material shrinkage resistance capability and anti-erosion properties. After analyzing the fatigue test result of three-additives-stabilized recycled mixture, it showed that the recycled pavement mixture owned preferable anti-erosion properties, anti-temperature shrinkage resistance and anti-dry shrinkage performance.
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Barabanshchikov, Yurii, i Kseniia Usanova. "Influence of Silica Fume on High-Calcium Fly Ash Expansion during Hydration". Materials 15, nr 10 (15.05.2022): 3544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15103544.
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The purpose of this work was to study the possibility of neutralizing high-calcium fly ash expansion during hydration. The object of the study was the fly ash of Berezovskaya GRES, which is capable of independent setting and hardening. The test in the Le Chatelier molds showed that the divergence of indicator arms was 90–100 mm 1 day after mixing with water. The expansion and cracking of the fly ash could be completely prevented by silica fume addition in an amount of 42.9% by weight of the fly ash. At the same time, the compressive strength of specimens from the fly ash–sand paste in a ratio of 1:5 at the age of 28 days was 1.47 MPa. The isothermal heat release at a temperature of 20 °C for 10 days reached 500 kJ/kg. XRF and DTA results showed that free lime in the fly ash was completely hydrated in 11 days and gave the greatest expansion in the absence of silica fume. The presence of silica fume made the lime hydration incomplete and decreased the expansion. Unslaked free lime remained in the system. Exothermic data showed that silica fume inhibited CaO hydration from the reaction start.
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Chowdhury, Chotan. "Shear Strength Behavior of Coal Mine Waste Stabilized by Cement, Lime and Fly Ash". October 2022 3, nr 4 (9.12.2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.36937/cebel.2022.1744.
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In this paper, description of the results of this study which was the determination of shear strength behaviour of coal mine waste stabilized by cement, lime and fly ash. The mine is found at Parbatipur upazila in Dinajpur, this is often the as it were dynamic mine in Bangladesh. Mining workplaces opened in Dhaka and exchange was helped by British Rail arrange in India. In 1962 the study found 1.05 million ton of coal in Jamalganj, Sunamganj Locale. The another huge revelation came in 1985 when Geographical Overview of Bangladesh found coal in Dinajpur. Bangladesh has an assessed 2 billion tonnes of coal in underground saves within the Northwest locale of the nation. Fine coal waste obtained from Barapukuria to ascertain its suitability for use as a construction material. Coal mine waste samples were tested by treating with cement, lime and fly ash. In the present investigation, laboratory test of Triaxial tests were conducted on waste samples added with various percentages of cement, lime and fly-ash by the weight of dry waste. It was observed that addition of about 1%, 3% and 5% cement, lime and fly ash to coal waste, increased the shearing strength significantly. The fine coal waste, alone or with cement, lime or fly ash admixtures, possesses acceptable strength characteristics. It appears from the test results that the fine coal waste used in this study can be properly stabilized for use in construction of highway subgrades.
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Logoń, Dominik, Janusz Kobaka i Jacek Domski. "Modifying Water–Frost Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Lime Mortar Using Siliceous and Fluidised Bed Fly Combusted Ashes Activated with Cement". Materials 16, nr 8 (11.04.2023): 3013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16083013.
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The research focuses on pozzolanic additives, which are compatible with traditional lime mortars, and enable the modification of the rheological, physical and mechanical properties of tested composites. It was noted that lime mortars with fluidised bed fly ash require sand without impurities to avoid possible ettringite crystallisation. The work presents siliceous fly ash and fluidised bed combustion fly ash to modify the frost resistance and mechanical properties of traditional lime mortars with and without the addition of cement. The results show better effects using fluidised bed ash. Traditional Portland cement CEM I 42.5R was used to activate ash and increase the results. The possibility of a significant improvement of properties is indicated with a hybrid addition to the lime binder of 15–30% ash (siliceous or fluidised bed ash) and 15–30% cement. Changing the class and type of cement provides an additional opportunity to alter the properties of the composites. For architectural reasons relating to colour, the suitability of lighter fluidised bed ash instead of darker siliceous ash and of white Portland cement instead of the traditional grey cement can be used. The proposed mortars can be the basis for future modifications with admixtures and additives, e.g., metakaolin, polymers, fibres, slag, glass powder and impregnating agents.
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Ricou, P., I. Lécuyer i P. Le Cloirec. "Removal of CU2+, ZN2+ and PB2+ by adsorption onto fly ash and fly ash/lime mixing". Water Science and Technology 39, nr 10-11 (1.05.1999): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0663.
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Disposal of a growing amount of fly ash creates environmental problems due to the leachability of their heavy metal content. Elsewhere, desulfurization treatment in power plants induces pollution by their heavy metals. In this paper, removal of Cu, Zn and Pb by fly ash and fly ash/lime mixing was studied. In the first part of the study, isotherms at different pH were carried out at room temperature. Results show increasing removal with increasing pH. In the second part, experimental design methodology was used. The objectives were to determine the influential parameters among the seven studied for adsorption of copper, zinc and lead, then to study their interactions. Results indicate greater removal by using 100 g.l−1 of adsorbent with 20% mass of lime at pH 5. However, the preparation of the adsorbent must be modified to increase the role of lime in the removal mechanism.