Rozprawy doktorskie: „Flue gases”

1

Arthur, Lia Frieda. "Silicate sorbents for flue gas cleaning /". Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Ozturk, Bahtiyar. "Removal of acidic gases from flue gases using membrane contactors". Thesis, University of Salford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265396.

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3

Scott, Kevin David. "Electrochemical flue gas desulfurization". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11145.

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4

Dennis, J. S. "The desulphurisation of flue gases using calcareous materials". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372626.

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5

Norman, Christian G. "Design of a bench scale apparatus for the evaluation of the gamma alumina flue gas desulfurizaton process". Ohio : Ohio University, 1985. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1184071211.

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6

Anderson, Desmond Carl. "Chemical reactions involved in the desulphurisation of flue gases". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286829.

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7

Bell, Robert M. "Mass flow and temperature measurements in the flue of a woodburning appliance". Thesis, This resource online, 1985. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07212009-040221/.

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8

Evans, Jeffrey Trevor. "Adsorption of heavy metals onto flyash in waste incineration flue gases". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414286.

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9

Khunsupat, Ratayakorn. "Poly(allylamine) and derivatives for co2 capture from flue gas or ultra dilute gas streams such as ambient air". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44909.

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Polymers rich in primary amine groups are proposed to be effective adsorbents for the reversible adsorption of CO2 from moderately dilute gas streams (10% CO2) and ultra-dilute gas streams (e.g. ambient air, 400 ppm CO2), with their performance under ultra-dilute conditions being competitive with or exceeding the state-of-the-art adsorbents based on supported poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI). The CO2 adsorption capacity (mmol CO2/g sorbent) and amine efficiency (mmol CO2/mmol amine) of linear poly(allylamine) (PAA), cross-linked poly(allylamine) prepared by post-polymerization crosslinking with epichlorohydrin (PAAEPI), and branched poly(allylamine) prepared by branching of poly(allylamine) with divinylbenzene (PAADVB) are presented here and compared with state-of-the-art adsorbents based on supported PEI, specifically branched and linear, low molecular weight PEI. Silica mesocellular foam, MCF, serves as the support material for impregnation of the amine polymers. In general, branched polymers are found to yield more effective adsorbents materials. Overall, the results of this work show that linear PAA, cross-linked PAAEPI, and branched PAADVB are promising candidates for solid adsorbents with high capacity for CO2.

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10

Daoudi, M. "The removal of HCl from hot gases with calcined limestone". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381217.

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11

Vasanthakumar, Adaikalamuthu Louis Savio. "The dew points of acidic vapours in simulated power station flue gases". Thesis, Middlesex University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.568523.

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12

Morren, William Earl. "Interferences with measurements of CO, CO₂, and O₂ in woodstove flue gases". Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101455.

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Concentrations of CO, CO₂, and O₂ in woodstove flue gases are some of the measured inputs required by algorithms used to calculate woodstove efficiency by the stack loss method. Since these algorithms have been shown to be very sensitive to small errors in these input values, it was necessary to determine whether measurements of these compounds are subject to interference. Concentrations of CO, CO₂, and O₂ in a series of flue gas samples were measured using a variety of independent measurement techniques for each compound. The concentrations indicated by each of the measurement techniques for each compound and sample were compared to check for agreement. Disagreement among the measurement techniques for a given compound could indicate interference if some trend could be established. Tests were conducted on four samples taken randomly during each of three stove firings.
M.S.

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13

Barlas, Sajid Ali 1961. "Redox Transformations and Sulfur Speciation in Flue Gas Desulferization Sludge". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191187.

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Changes in redox potential (Eh), major sulfur species and the solubility of selenium and boron in reduced flue gas desulfurization (FGD) sludge, when exposed to atmosphere were studied in laboratory experiments. Also the effect of organic carbon and temperature on reduction of FGD sludge and changes in concentration of major S species was studied. Stable isotopic ratios of sulfur and carbon compounds were used to investigate the possible pathways of S transformation in FGD sludge disposal site. Oxidation of reduced sludge appears to be a two step process, a fast step of chemical oxidation followed by a slow step of biological oxidation and is significantly affected by moisture content and mixing of the sludge. With the addition of organic carbon Eh of the FGD sludge dropped exponentially and reduction of sulfate initiated at Eh of about -75 mV and was maximum in the range of -265 to -320 mV. Temperatur8e of the profile and organic carbon appear to be the key factors affecting the rate and extent of reduction in flooded FGD sludge. Selenium solubility decreased four times as Eh dropped from 215 mV to -350 mV while boron solubility was unchanged in this range of Eh. Stable isotopic ratio of sulfate and sulfide are typical of bacterial reduction and suggest that only aqueous sulfate was being reduced. The low δ³⁴S values of CaSO₄ from the upper layers of profile indicate the production and upward movement of hydrogen sulfide gas in the FGD sludge.

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14

Schmidt, Douglas Stephen. "Electrochemical removal of SOx from flue gas". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10235.

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15

Carr, Kathryn E. "Evaluation of modified dry limestone process for flue gas desulfurization". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43382.

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16

Iyer, Mahesh Venkataraman. "High temperature reactive separation process for combined carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide capture from flue gas and enhanced hydrogen production with in-situ carbon dioxide capture using high reactivity calcium and biomineral sorbents". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1135961929.

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17

McHenry, Dennis John Jr. "Development of an electrochemical membrane process for removal of SOx/NOx from flue gas". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11698.

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18

Vasanthakumar, Adaikalamuthu Louis Savio. "Control of NOâ†x and SOâ†2 emission by plasma treatment". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362946.

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19

Ettarh, Clodagh Annmarie. "The chemistry of solids used in the abatement of nitrogen oxides from flue gases". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282147.

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20

Archer, Egan Douglas. "The removal of volatile organic compounds from combustion flue gases by activated carbon adsorbents". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323699.

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21

Bradley, Naima. "Sampling and analysis of organic substances in the flue gases from ceramic decoration kilns". Thesis, Keele University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356999.

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22

Chronopoulos, Theodore. "Microwave Swing Adsorption for post-combustion CO2 capture from flue gases using solid sorbents". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3199.

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In recent years, there has been an increasing global interest in carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) as an important technology for climate change mitigation. However, improved technologies for the CO2 capture process that could possibly lead CCS to be highly competitive against the renewable energy market, are necessary. The evaluation of a CO2 capture system is often driven by energy demands and in adsorption technology this energy is particularly required for the desorption step. As a result, efficient regeneration systems ensuring multiple re-use of adsorbent materials, while minimizing energy use, are required, in an attempt to replace the conventional PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption) and TSA (Temperature Swing Adsorption) technologies. This study presents and analyses a relatively new approach for CO2 sorbent regeneration, namely Microwave Swing Adsorption (MSA). The aim of this research is to intensify the CO2 desorption process from solid materials, focusing on improving the regeneration efficiency and kinetics as well as the energy spent during this step. The hypothesis that the direct absorption of energy during microwave heating by the solid adsorbent may enable a fast process with a low purge gas flow rate low desorption temperature resulting in low energy demands, is examined. However, MSA depends on numerous parameters, divided in two main categories, namely process parameters (flue gas composition, desorption temperature, moisture presence, gas flow rate) and material parameters (adsorbent shape and size, porosity, surface modifications, dielectric properties). To this regard, an extensive investigation of the above criteria and their connection with the performance of the MSA system is studied. In terms of the adsorption step, it was found that a switch to higher total flow rates results in an increase in the CO2 adsorption capacity of the GAC. Moreover, moisture presence also enhances the CO2 adsorption, as a result of an increase in the total flow rate and in the adsorption temperature. With regards to the desorption step, it was shown that MSA technology leads to enhanced performance efficiency of the sorbent by ~10%, while preserving its porous structure. Moreover, the regeneration time and the energy consumption were also considerably reduced (30% and 40%, respectively), for MSA compared to TSA.

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23

Radmann, Elisangela Martha. "Cultivo de microalgas com gases de combustão formados na geração termelétrica". reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2007. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/2708.

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Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos, Escola de Química e Alimentos, 2007.
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O aumento da concentração de gás carbônico na atmosfera tem sensíveis conseqüências ambientais. Nos últimos anos a emissão de CO2 na atmosfera aumentou de 280ppm (1800) para 380ppm (2004), sendo cerca de 22% dessas emissões causadas por plantas de energia termelétrica. Dentre as várias alternativas para captura e utilização de CO2, uma abordagem particularmente interessante é o emprego de microalgas. As microalgas se destacam por apresentarem diversas potencialidades, como fonte de alimento e fonte para obtenção de bioprodutos, e também podem contribuir na redução do efeito estufa, fixando CO2. As microalgas Chlorella e Spirulina apresentam em sua composição alto teor de proteínas, ácidos graxos, sais minerais e pigmentos, e além disso, possuem certificado GRAS(Generally Recognized As Safe), podendo ser utilizadas como alimento sem oferecer risco à saúde humana. A captura do CO2 do gás de combustão de carvão é possível usando microalgas, tanto por separação como por uso direto do gás de combustão, sendo este último mais vantajoso, em função de uma maior economia de energia. Alguns agravantes podem influenciar no uso direto do gás de combustão como a alta temperatura, concentração de CO2 acima de 15% e a presença de SOx, NOx e material particulado (em especial cinzas), dificultando assim, o método direto, a menos que a microalga suporte condições extremas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a utilização de gases de combustão do carvão provenientes da geração termelétrica, para cultivo de microalgas. Previamente foi realizada seleção de microalgas quanto à resistência a SO2 que pode ser formado da combustão do carvão para geração de energia elétrica. As microalgas estudadas foram Chlorella homosphaera, Scenedesmus obliquus e Spirulina sp. expostas a de 6% de CO2 e 30ppm de SO2. A máxima produtividade de biomassa alcançada foi 0,19 g.L-1.d-1 e concentração celular máxima 2,92 g.L-1, ambos para microalga Spirulina sp. Após estudou-se as microalgas S. obliquus e Spirulina sp. em um sistema de FBRs em série em diferentes concentrações de CO2, SO2, NO e diferentes temperaturas. Foi alcançada concentração celular média máxima de 3,29 g.L-1 e fixação de CO2 máxima de 35,87%, ambos resultados para Spirulina sp. Seguindo o estudo em biofixação de CO2 por microalgas, foram isoladas as microalgas Synechococcus nidulans e Chlorella vulgaris da lagoa de estabilização da Usina Termelétrica Presidente Médici – UTPM/CGTEE, sul do Brasil. As microalgas isoladas foram cultivadas e comparadas com as microalgas Spirulina sp e S.s obliquus, em relação a biofixação de CO2. As microalgas foram expostas a 12% CO2, 60 ppm de SO2 e 100 ppm de NO, simulando um gás de combustão de carvão. A C. vulgaris apresentou comportamento semelhante a Spirulina sp., alcançando 13,43% de fixação diária máxima. Foi determinado o conteúdo lipídico e a composição em ácidos graxos das microalgas Spirulina sp., S. obliquus, S. nidulans e C. vulgaris cultivadas em meio contendo 12% de CO2, 60 ppm de SO2 e 100 ppm de NO à 30ºC. A microalga S. obliquus apresentou o maior teor lipídico (6,18%). Para as demais microalgas o conteúdo lipídico variou de 4,56 a 5,97%. O maior conteúdo em AGMI foi 66,01% para a S. obliquus. Os ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (PUFA) foram alcançados em maior quantidade pelas microalgas Spirulina sp. (29,37%) e S. nidulans (29,54%). Os resultados mostraram que o cultivo de microalgas enriquecido com os gases CO2, SO2 e NO, apresentaram uma biomassa rica em ácidos graxos, podendo estes ser utilizados tanto para a alimentação (ácidos graxos insaturados), quanto para produção de biocombustíveis(ácidos graxos saturados). Além disso, as microalgas estudadas podem contribuir na redução do aquecimento global.
The increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has sensible environmental consequences. In the recent years the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere increased from 280ppm (1800) to 380ppm (2004), around 22% of these emissions caused by coal fired power plants. Amongst several alternatives for the capture and application of the CO2, one of the most interesting overviews it is the use of microalgae. Microalgae are gain eminence for presenting potentiality, like a source of nutrients and for biofuels production, besides, they can contribute with the greenhouse gas abatement, fixing CO2. Chlorella and Spirulina presents a high amount of proteins, fatty acids, minerals and pigments in their composition, besides, they have the GRAS certificate (Generally Recognized As Safe), allowing them to be used like food without offer any risk to the human health. The CO2 capture from the coal fired flue gas is possible, as by the separation of the CO2 as by the direct use of the flue gas, being the last one advantageous, due to the major energy economy. Some bottlenecks can influence the direct use of the flue gas like the high temperature of the gas, high CO2 concentration and the presence of SOx, NOx and particulate matter(specially ashes), becoming hard, thus the direct method, unless that the microalga could tolerate extreme conditions. The aim of this work was to study the utilization of coal fired flue gas from power plants in microalgal cultures. Previously, was carried out the selection of the microalgae resistant to SO2, witch can be formed in the coal fired power generation. The studied microalgae were Chlorella homosphaera, Scenedesmus obliquus and Spirulina sp. LEB-18 exposed to 6% CO2 and 30ppm SO2. The maximum biomass productivity was 0.19 g.L-1.d-1 and the maximum cell concentration was 2,92 g.L-1, both for Spirulina sp LEB-18. Later, S. obliquus and Spirulina sp. LEB-18 were studied in a serial FBRs system, at different concentration of CO2, SO2, NO and different temperatures. The average maximum cell concentration obtained was 3,29g.L- 1 and maximum CO2 fixation 35,87%, both results for Spirulina sp. Following the CO2 biofixation study by microalgae, the strains Synechococcus nidulans and Chlorella vulgaris were isolated from Presidente Médici’s wastewater treatment station, south of Brazil. The isolated strains were cultivated and their CO2 biofixation was compared with Spirulina sp and S. obliquus. The microalgae were exposed to 12% CO2, 60ppm SO2 and 100ppm NO, simulating the flue gas. C. vulgaris showed similar behavior to that of Spirulina sp LEB-18, reaching 13,43% of maximum daily fixation. The lipid content and the fatty acids composition were determined for Spirulina sp. LEB-18, S. obliquus, S. nidulans e C. vulgaris, cultivated in a medium with 12% CO2, 60ppm SO2 and 100ppm NO at 30°C. S. obliquus showed the major lipid content (6,18%). For the other microalgae the lipid content ranged from 4,56 to 5,97%. The major AGMI content was 66,01% for S. obliquus. The PUFA were obtained in major amount by Spirulina sp. LEB-18 (29,37%) and S. nidulans (29,54%). The results showed that microalgae cultures enriched with CO2, SO2 and NO, presented a fatty acids rich biomass, being able to be used as like a nutrient source (unsaturated fatty acids), as for biofuels production (saturated fatty acids). Besides, the studied microalgae can contribute for the global warm reduction.

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24

Jung, Kyung Sook. "CO2 separation and regeneration study from power plant flue gases with reclaimed Mg (OH)2". Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1122333773.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2005.
Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Apr. 3, 2006). Includes abstract. Keywords: CO2 removal, Power plant, Mg(OH)2, Absorption. Includes bibliographical references.

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25

Seneviratne, Hemantha Revata. "Evaluating sorbents produced from waste to remove mercury in simulated flue gases from coal combustion". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11231.

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Coal-fired utility plants are the largest anthropogenic source of mercury emiSSIOns. Mercury abatement legislation for these plants is in place in Canada and U.S.A. Several facilities are achieving mercury emission reductions by using commercial activated carbons. However, these carbons are expensive. The present project aimed to determine mercury capture efficiencies of some fly ashes and sorbents produced from scrap tyre rubber and sewage sludge, compared to the effectiveness of commercial active carbons. E.U. legislation limits the methods available for disposing of waste materials, using them to manufacture sorbents provides a cost-effective disposal solution. A novel bench scale fixed-bed sorbent test system was designed and built for evaluating mercury capture efficiencies of sorbents by exposing the samples to different gaseous atmospheres. Pre-treating selected sorbents with a gas stream containing either NOx or HCl gave information on the effect of acid gases. Thermal desorption experiments completed on spent sorbents provided indications regarding the adsorption process.

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26

Wang, Sanwu 1971. "Carbonation of cement-based products with pure carbon dioxide and flue gas". Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100734.

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CO2 absorption behaviour of four commonly used cement based building products: cement paste, concrete block, expanded polystyrene bead (EPB) and cement-bonded cellulose fiberboard are studied. Cement products are manufactured following industry formulation and process, and carbonation curing takes place in a chamber under a pressure of 0.5 MPa, at ambient temperature, for durations of mostly 2 to 8 hours with both pure carbon dioxide gas and flue gas. The flue gas of 13.8% CO2 content is collected from a typical cement kiln without separation. Influencing factors on carbon uptake, long-term strength as well as microstructure development are studied.
It is found that the CO2 uptake ability of those cement-based products follows the same order when exposed to either pure gas or flue gas: fiberboard has the highest uptake capacity, followed by cement paste, bead board and concrete. For fiberboard, the best CO2 uptake in flue gas is 8.1%, it reaches 23.6% if pure gas used. Introduction of cellulose fiber in the fiberboard significantly increases voids volume and cement paste surface area through dispersing the paste onto fiber surface, effectively increasing carbonation reaction sites and thus CO2 uptake.
For pure gas carbonation with high reaction rate, it takes longer time for carbonated products to further develop strength from subsequent hydration, due to the high water loss during carbonation, the densified cement matrix structures and even fast decalcified cement minerals. Fast carbonation with pure gas is detrimental to cement paste in its long-term strength. For flue gas carbonation, both immediate strengths and long-term strength of the products are comparable with those by pure gas carbonation, although with less CO 2 uptake ability.
Five CO2 uptake determination methods are evaluated. Weight gain method is suitable for both pure gas and flue gas carbonation systems. Mass curve method is more suited for pure gas carbonation. For flue gas carbonation, CO2 concentration method agreed well with the weight gain method. Pressure drop method is relatively less accurate because of water vapor generation during carbonation.

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27

Attili, Viswatej. "Capture and mineralization of carbon dioxide from coal combustion flue gas emissions". Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1939354121&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Wilcox, Jennifer. "On the path to elucidating the speciation of mercury in the flue gases of coal combustion". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280573.

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The goal of this research is to understand the speciation of mercury in the flue gases of coal combustion. As the flue gas cools, thermochemical equilibrium calculations indicate that elemental mercury, Hg⁰, is converted to oxidized mercury, Hg²⁺, in the form of HgO or HgCl₂. Hg⁰ is insoluble in water, HgO has low solubility in water and HgCl₂ is highly soluble in water. Since HgCl₂ is water-soluble, it can be captured in wet chemical scrubbers to prevent its release to the atmosphere. Therefore, the understanding of the mechanisms of mercury's oxidation in flue gases is paramount when considering mercury capture. This research attempts to elucidate the mechanisms of oxidation through a detailed kinetic and thermodynamic analysis. The current research focuses specifically on the oxidation of mercury via chlorine-containing compounds. Future research will involve the oxidation via oxygen-containing compounds and the effect of SO₂ and NOₓ compounds on mercury's oxidation. Quantum chemistry is used to determine accurate transition structures, which are required for the calculation of activation energies and rate constants from theory. Simultaneous to the theoretical work, an experimental apparatus has been designed and fabricated with the inclusion of a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The mass spectrometer is used in conjunction with a laminar flow reactor to simulate the oxidation of mercury via chlorine-containing compounds in flue gases. The ultimate goal of this research is to obtain a potential mercury oxidation mechanism based upon theoretically predicted kinetic parameters, which are then validated through concentration profiles obtained from experimental measurements. In addition, results from the experimental work indicate that at ambient conditions, the oxidation of mercury via chlorine may result as a consequence of heterogeneous reactions involving the Pyrex reactor surface. This work not only allows for a more thorough understanding of mercury's speciation in the flue gas environment, but also questions current sampling devices and their potential interference with reactivity measurements involving mercury-chlorine species.

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Urban, David Raymond. "A kinetic investigation of As and Se speciation within coal combustion flue gases using ab initio methods". Link to electronic thesis, 2006. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-042806-133423/.

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30

Sundaram, Hari Prashanth. "SO₂ removal with coal scrubbing". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2035.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 42 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-34).

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Chisholm, Paul Norman. "Dry absorption of hydrogen chloride and sulfur dioxide by calcium-based sorbents from humidified flue gas /". Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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32

Crawford, Ian Stewart. "Catalytic reduction of nitric oxide by carbon monoxide or hydrogen over a Monel metal catalyst". Title page, contents and summary only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EN/09enc899.pdf.

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33

Abu-Daabes, Malyuba Ali. "Synthesis and characterization of nano-structured chelating adsorbents for the direct removal of mercury vapor from flue gases". Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1108417592.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2004.
Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Jul. 10, 2006). Includes abstract. Keywords: Mercury; mercuric chloride; Flue-gas; chelation; chelating adsorbent; room-temperature molten salt; reduction mechanisms of mercuric chloride Includes bibliographical references.

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34

ABU-DAABES, MALYUBA ALI. "SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANO-STRUCTURED CHELATING ADSORBENTS FOR THE DIRECT REMOVAL OF MERCURY VAPOR FROM FLUE-GASES". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1108417592.

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35

Doshi, Viral V. "MEASUREMENT OF ALGAL GROWTH RATE BETWEEN HARVESTS IN AN ARTIFICIALLY LIT PHOTOBIOREACTOR UNDER FLUE GAS CONDITIONS". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1164057276.

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36

Li, Junru. "Computational and experimental studies of mercury homogeneous and heterogeneous oxidation in flue gases derived form coal-fired power plants". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.537623.

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37

Jung, Kyung Sook. "CO₂ Separation and Regeneration Study From Power Plant Flue Gases With Reclaimed Mg(OH)₂". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1122333773.

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38

Tong, Giang. "Oxidation of mercury during selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide". Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009p/tong.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009.
Additional advisors: Heng Ban, Chih-Hsiung Cheng, Thomas K. Gale, Melinda M. Lalor. Description based on contents viewed June 3, 2009; title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-123).

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39

Lozinska, Magdalena Malgorzata. "Investigation of inorganic porous solids as adsorbents for the separation of carbon dioxide from flue gas". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3964.

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Porous inorganic solids including mesoporous silicas, zeolites and silicoalumnio-phosphates have been investigated as adsorbents for carbon dioxide, particularly in relation to uptake from flue gases at 0.1 bar and ca. 298 K, but also at higher pressures. The mesoporous silicas SBA-1 and SBA-2, with mesocages separated by narrower windows, have been prepared, calcined at various temperatures and also nitrided with ammonia at high temperature. Nitridation has resulted in framework nitrogen incorporation, but this gave only small increases in the uptake of CO₂ of these mesoporous silicas, which are very low (< 0.2 mmol g⁻¹) at flue gas conditions (0.1 bar, 298 K). A series of cationic forms of the small pore zeolites, chabazite, ZK-5 and Rho, have been prepared by exhaustive cation exchange (and pre-calcination of the as-prepared form of Rho). In addition, a series of ultrastabilised zeolite Rho samples has been prepared to investigate the influence of extra-framework aluminium species on CO₂ uptake. For comparison, the silicoaluminophosphate versions of ZK-5 (SAPO STA-14) and Rho (SAPO(RHO)) have been prepared. Adsorption on Li-, Na-, K- and Ca-forms of chabazite (Si/Al = 3.0) has been related to the crystal structures of their dehydrated forms, as determined by Rietveld refinement against powder X-ray diffraction data (PXRD). For Na- and K-chabazite the structure has been measured in situ by PXRD during CO₂ adsorption. Li-chabazite has the highest uptake from all chabazite cationic forms (4.3 mmol g⁻¹). PXRD of K-chabazite reveals cation migration from eight-membered ring sites to six-membered ring sites upon CO₂ adsorption. Na-chabazite shows partial transformation from rhombohedral to monoclinic symmetry upon prolonged evacuation at high temperature, with resultant non-Type I CO₂ adsorption behaviour. Li-, Na- and K-forms of ZK-5 (Si/Al = 4.16) show high CO₂ uptakes at 0.1 bar and 298 K (Li-ZK-5, 4.7 mmol g⁻¹, which is the highest of the solids measured here). Like all H-forms, H-ZK-5 shows weaker uptake. None of the ZK-5 forms show high selectivity for CO₂ over small hydrocarbons, because cations do not block eight-membered ring windows and the structures do not distort upon dehydration. Uptake of CO₂ on univalent cation forms of zeolite Rho has been studied at low (up to 1 bar) and high (up to 10 bar) pressures. All cationic forms (but not H-Rho) show distortion (Im3̅m to I4̅3m) upon dehydration. Forms of zeolite Rho in which cations occupy window sites in the eight-membered rings between α-cages show hysteresis in their CO₂ isotherms, the magnitude of which (Na⁺,NH₄⁺ < K⁺ < Cs⁺) correlates with the tendency of cations to occupy double eight-membered ring sites rather than single eight-membered ring sites. Additionally, reversible CO₂ uptake using the Zero Length Column method on fully and partially cation exchanged samples has been measured. In situ synchrotron PXRD of CO₂ adsorption on Na-Rho indicates Na cations remain in window sites on the time average, indicating CO₂ uptake must occur by a 'trapdoor mechanism' by which Na cations move away from the windows to allow CO₂ to adsorb. In addition, in situ PXRD reveals the adsorption sites of CO₂ bound cations. Adsorption of small hydrocarbons does not occur on Rho, even at high pressure, indicating that adsorption is selective, and depends on the degree of interaction with the adsorbate rather than simply on the molecular size. Na-Rho is therefore a selective adsorbent for CO₂ over CH₄ with selectivities of 150–25 at 1–9 bar and 298 K, predicted from the single component isotherms, and an uptake of 3.07 mmol g⁻¹ at 0.1 bar. High ‘selectivities' are also observed over K-, Cs- and Ca-forms, examples of a novel type of adsorption selectivity.

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40

Ebune, Guilbert Ebune. "Carbon Dioxide Capture from Power Plant Flue Gas using Regenerable Activated Carbon Powder Impregnated with Potassium Carbonate". Connect to resource online, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1221227267.

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41

Vesga, Rivera Wilson. "An evaluation of the structural integrity of HSLA steels exposed in simulated flue-gases under dynamic conditions for anthropogenic CO2 transport". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9652.

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Carbon capture and storage (CCTS) is a transitional technology offering a nearterm method of mitigating climate change. Pipelines are considered to be the most suitable systems for CCTS; however, structural integrity of pipeline has to be guaranteed in order for this technology to become a practical technical solution. The investigation detailed here is based on a systematic experimental approach to investigate the structural integrity of API X100, X60 and X70 steels exposed in simulated flue-gas under dynamic conditions. A core of the structured experiments through some methods such as aging test, tensile properties, fracture toughness, residual stress and engineering critical assessment was accomplished in parent material and exposed samples on flue-gas. The temperature range of evaluation for tensile test covers -70C to 21C while fracture toughness was over the range -196C to 21C. Tensile properties of virgin material show that steels meet standard specification while aging samples do not show significant scatter compared with parent steels. Ovalisation of the fracture surface and splitting phenomenon was observed which is related with steel anisotropy. Fracture toughness obtained from experiment was compared with that calculate by two existing correlations. However both correlations did not predict the level of fracture toughness expected indicating the methods used in this work has limited applicability under the test conditions used here. Residual stress (RS) induced in API X100 steel by cold rolling method was characterised using two complementary techniques known as Neutron Diffraction (ND) and Incremental Hole Drilling (IHD). The RS distribution shows good agreement for both techniques used but reproducibility of them depends on their own inaccuracies. An Engineering Criticality Assessment (ECA) was performed based in Failure Assessment Diagram (FAD) approach using all the experimental data obtained by a leak-before-break method under three operational pressures. The results showed the effect on the integrity of material under the presence of a flaw length assessed. Overall, the thesis presents a combined engineering critical assessment which involved the examination of materials used to transport flue-gas and established a methodology to determine fracture toughness alongside with the FAD to assess the integrity of pipelines.

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42

Duespohl, Dale W. "Modeling and optimization of a cross-flow, moving-bed, flue gas desulfurization reactor". Ohio : Ohio University, 1995. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1179511746.

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43

Taerakul, Panuwat. "Characterization of trace elements in dry flue gas desulfurization (FGD) by-products". Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1119038889.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 173 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-173). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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44

Hicks, Jason Christopher. "Organic/inorganic hybrid amine and sulfonic acid tethered silica materials synthesis, characterization and application /". Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26583.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Committee Chair: Jones, Christopher; Committee Member: Koros, William; Committee Member: Lyon, Andrew; Committee Member: Nair, Sankar; Committee Member: Weck, Marcus. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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45

Drese, Jeffrey Hayden. "The design, synthesis, and characterization of aminosilica adsorbents for CO2 capture from dilute sources". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42829.

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The use of novel hyperbranched aminosilica (HAS) materials created through the ring-opening polymerization of aziridine from mesoporous silica supports was proposed for the adsorption of CO2 from dilute sources. The limits of the adsorptive performance of these adsorbents were investigated via the preparation of sets of materials with a range of aminopolymer loadings on several different silica supports with different pore space characteristics. Relationships were determined between the materials' amine loadings and the CO2 adsorption performance. Adsorbents with substantial remaining pore volume displayed universal adsorption kinetics when normalized by amine loading. However, materials with blocked pores displayed substantially slower adsorption kinetics due to hindered mass transfer. In both humid and dry conditions, the HAS adsorbent was found to have a surprisingly large CO2 capacity in light of the 250-fold reduction in CO2 partial pressure from 10% CO2 (flue gas application) to 400 ppm CO2 (air capture application). Finally, a new series of linear aminosilicas was created through the reaction of existing aminosilicas with N-protected-aziridines. Specifically, reaction of aminosilane-functionalized silicas with N-methylaziridine resulted in the linear growth of methylaminoethyl groups, effectively increasing the amine loading of the adsorbent by a stoichiometric amount of an additional amine per attached silane.

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46

Sun, Ping. "Investigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on dry flue gas desulfurization (FGD) by-products". Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1101932335.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Document formatted into pages; contains 254p. Includes bibliographical references. Abstract available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2005 Dec. 1.

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47

Gao, Yang. "Low-temperature removal of hydrogen chloride from flue gas using hydrated lime as a sorbent". Ohio : Ohio University, 1999. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1175884147.

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48

Whitcombe, Joshua Matthew, i n/a. "Study of Catalyst Particle Emissions From a Fluidized Catalytic Cracker Unit". Griffith University. School of Environmental Engineering, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20031003.152200.

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The control of particle emissions from an oil refinery is often difficult, due to changing operational conditions and the limited range of available treatment options. Excessive particle emissions have often been attributed start up problems with Fluidized Catalytic Cracker Units (FCCU) and little information is available regarding the exact composition and nature of these excessive emissions. Due to the complex nature of a FCCU, it has in the past been difficult to identify and control emissions, without the use of expensive end of pipe technologies. An Australian Oil Refinery, concerned with their catalyst emissions, sponsored this study of FCCU particle emissions. Due to the industrial nature of the project, a holistic approach to the management of emissions was taken, instead of a detailed investigation of a single issue. By looking at the broader range of issues, practical and useful outcomes can be achieved for the refinery. Initially, detailed emissions samplings were conducted to investigate the degree of particle emissions under start up conditions. Stack emissions were collected during a standard start up, and analysed to determine the particle size distribution and metal concentration of the emitted material. Three distinct stages of emissions were discovered, initially a high concentration of larger particles, followed by a peak in the very fine particles and finally a reduction of particle emissions to a more steady or normal operational state. The variation in particle emissions was caused by operational conditions, hardware design and catalyst characteristics. Fluctuations in the gas velocity through the system altered the ability of the cyclones to collect catalyst material. Also, the low bed level allowed air bypass to occur more readily, contributing to the increased emissions levels seen during the initial stage of the start up. Reduced fluidity characteristics of the circulating catalyst also affected the diplegs operations, altering the collection efficiency of the cyclone. During the loading of catalyst into the system, abraded material was quickly lost due to its particle size, contributing to fine particle emissions levels. More importantly, thermal fracturing of catalyst particles occurred when the cold catalyst was fed into the hot regenerator. Catalyst particles split causing the generation of large amounts of fine particle material, which is easily lost from the system. This loading of catalyst directly linked to the period of high concentration of fine particles in the emissions stream. It was found that metals, and in particular iron, calcium and silicon form a thick layer on the outside of the catalyst, with large irregular shaped metal ridges, forming along the surface of the particle. These ridges reduce the fluidity of the catalyst, leading to potential disruptions in the regenerator. In addition to this, the metal rich ridges are preferentially removed via attrition, causing metal rich material to be emitted into the atmosphere. To overcome these high particle emissions rates from the FCCU the refinery should only use calcinated catalyst to reduce the influence of thermal process and particle fracture and generation. Although the calcinated catalyst can fracture when added to the system, it is far less than that obtained with uncalicinated catalyst. To further reduce the risk of particle fracture due to thermal stresses the refinery should consider reducing the temperature gradients between the hot and cold catalyst. Due to the economics involved with the regenerator, possible pre-warming of catalyst before addition into system is the preferred option. This pre-heating of catalyst should also incorporate a controlled attrition stage to help remove the build up of metals on the surface of the particles whilst allowing this material to be collected before it can be released into the atmosphere. The remove of the metal crust will also improve the fluidity of the system and reduce the chance of catalyst blockages occurring. Finally, modelling of the system has shown that control of key parameters such as particle size and gas velocity are essential to the management of air emissions. The refinery should look at adjusting start up procedures to remove fluctuations in these key parameters. Also the refinery should be careful in using correlation found in the literature to predicted operational conditions in the system as these correlations are misleading when used under industrial situations.

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49

Whitcombe, Joshua Matthew. "Study of Catalyst Particle Emissions From a Fluidized Catalytic Cracker Unit". Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367301.

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The control of particle emissions from an oil refinery is often difficult, due to changing operational conditions and the limited range of available treatment options. Excessive particle emissions have often been attributed start up problems with Fluidized Catalytic Cracker Units (FCCU) and little information is available regarding the exact composition and nature of these excessive emissions. Due to the complex nature of a FCCU, it has in the past been difficult to identify and control emissions, without the use of expensive end of pipe technologies. An Australian Oil Refinery, concerned with their catalyst emissions, sponsored this study of FCCU particle emissions. Due to the industrial nature of the project, a holistic approach to the management of emissions was taken, instead of a detailed investigation of a single issue. By looking at the broader range of issues, practical and useful outcomes can be achieved for the refinery. Initially, detailed emissions samplings were conducted to investigate the degree of particle emissions under start up conditions. Stack emissions were collected during a standard start up, and analysed to determine the particle size distribution and metal concentration of the emitted material. Three distinct stages of emissions were discovered, initially a high concentration of larger particles, followed by a peak in the very fine particles and finally a reduction of particle emissions to a more steady or normal operational state. The variation in particle emissions was caused by operational conditions, hardware design and catalyst characteristics. Fluctuations in the gas velocity through the system altered the ability of the cyclones to collect catalyst material. Also, the low bed level allowed air bypass to occur more readily, contributing to the increased emissions levels seen during the initial stage of the start up. Reduced fluidity characteristics of the circulating catalyst also affected the diplegs operations, altering the collection efficiency of the cyclone. During the loading of catalyst into the system, abraded material was quickly lost due to its particle size, contributing to fine particle emissions levels. More importantly, thermal fracturing of catalyst particles occurred when the cold catalyst was fed into the hot regenerator. Catalyst particles split causing the generation of large amounts of fine particle material, which is easily lost from the system. This loading of catalyst directly linked to the period of high concentration of fine particles in the emissions stream. It was found that metals, and in particular iron, calcium and silicon form a thick layer on the outside of the catalyst, with large irregular shaped metal ridges, forming along the surface of the particle. These ridges reduce the fluidity of the catalyst, leading to potential disruptions in the regenerator. In addition to this, the metal rich ridges are preferentially removed via attrition, causing metal rich material to be emitted into the atmosphere. To overcome these high particle emissions rates from the FCCU the refinery should only use calcinated catalyst to reduce the influence of thermal process and particle fracture and generation. Although the calcinated catalyst can fracture when added to the system, it is far less than that obtained with uncalicinated catalyst. To further reduce the risk of particle fracture due to thermal stresses the refinery should consider reducing the temperature gradients between the hot and cold catalyst. Due to the economics involved with the regenerator, possible pre-warming of catalyst before addition into system is the preferred option. This pre-heating of catalyst should also incorporate a controlled attrition stage to help remove the build up of metals on the surface of the particles whilst allowing this material to be collected before it can be released into the atmosphere. The remove of the metal crust will also improve the fluidity of the system and reduce the chance of catalyst blockages occurring. Finally, modelling of the system has shown that control of key parameters such as particle size and gas velocity are essential to the management of air emissions. The refinery should look at adjusting start up procedures to remove fluctuations in these key parameters. Also the refinery should be careful in using correlation found in the literature to predicted operational conditions in the system as these correlations are misleading when used under industrial situations.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environmental Engineering
Faculty of Environmental Sciences
Full Text

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50

Pacheco, Rodriguez Diana Marisol. "Aminosilane-functionalized cellulosic polymers for increased carbon dioxide sorption". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42722.

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Improvement of the efficiency of carbon dioxide (CO2) separation from flue gases has been identified as a high-priority research area to reduce the total energy cost of carbon capture and sequestration technologies in coal-fired power plants. Efficient CO2 removal from flue gases by adsorption systems requires the design of novel sorbents capable of capturing, concentrating and recovering CO2 on a cost-effective basis. The preparation of a novel aminosilane-functionalized cellulosic polymer sorbent by grafting of aminosilanes showed promising performance for CO2 separation and capture. A strategy for the introduction of N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminoisobutyldimethylmethoxysilane functionalities into cellulose acetate backbone by anhydrous grafting is described in this study. The dry sorption capacity of the aminosilane-functionalized cellulosic polymer reached 27 cc (STP) CO2/ cc sorbent at 1 atm and 39 cc (STP) CO2/ cc sorbent at 5 atm and 308 K. Exposure to water vapor slightly increased the sorption capacity of the sorbent, suggesting its potential for rapid cyclic adsorption processes under humid feed conditions. In addition, a strategy for the preparation of a cellulose acetate-titanium(IV) oxide sorbent by the reaction of cellulose acetate with titanium tetrachloride is presented. The organic-metal hybrid sorbent presented a sorption capacity of 14 cc (STP) CO2/ cc sorbent at 1 atm and 49 cc (STP) CO2/ cc sorbent at 5 atm and 308 K. The novel CO2 sorbents were characterized in terms of chemical composition, density changes, molecular structure, thermal stability, and surface morphology.

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