Artykuły w czasopismach: „Floating Catchment Area”

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Luo, Wei, i Tara Whippo. "Variable catchment sizes for the two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method". Health & Place 18, nr 4 (lipiec 2012): 789–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.04.002.

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Ding, Zilin, Hongjun Dong, Liang Yang, Na Xue, Lanping He i Xinqiang Yao. "A Study on the Emergency Shelter Spatial Accessibility Based on the Adaptive Catchment Size 2SFCA Method". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, nr 12 (26.11.2022): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11120593.

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In order to access the spatial accessibility of emergency shelters, the relationship between the supply and demand of emergency shelters in the two dimensions of space and non-space must be comprehensively considered. Meanwhile, it is vital to understand the competitive relationship among emergency shelters. However, there are disadvantages when using the two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method and the improved 2SFCA method when addressing these issues. This study proposes the adaptive catchment size 2SFCA (A-2SFCA) method to calculate spatial accessibility values, which can work alongside the two relationships mentioned above. The analysis procedure of the A-2SFCA method has two stages. Firstly, this method adjusts the catchment size of the shelters by observing how crowded they are and repeatedly using this statistic in a service subset. At the end of this stage, every catchment area is determined. Secondly, the catchment areas are used to calculate the spatial accessibility values. The method was used to study a region in the Tianjin urban area in China. The proposed A-2SFCA and fixed-coverage-based two-step floating catchment area (FC2SFCA) methods are employed to measure and compare the spatial accessibility values. The result shows that the spatial accessibility in Tianjin urban area is unstable. The spatial accessibility result obtained from the A-2SFCA method is more reasonable than the FC2SFCA method when analyzing the reasonable catchment areas of emergency shelters. The A-2SFCA method provides a method for determining the catchment size of public service providers, which can be used for the accessibility analysis of various other public facilities.

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Mao, Kainan, Yuehong Chen, Guohao Wu, Junwang Huang, Wanying Yang i Zelong Xia. "Measuring Spatial Accessibility of Urban Fire Services Using Historical Fire Incidents in Nanjing, China". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, nr 10 (6.10.2020): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9100585.

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The measurement of spatial accessibility of fire services is a key task in enhancing fire response efficiency and minimizing property losses and deaths. Recently, the two-step floating catchment area method and its modified versions have been widely applied. However, the circle catchment areas used in these methods are not suitable for measuring the accessibility of fire services because each fire station is often responsible for the fire incidents within its coverage. Meanwhile, most existing methods take the demographic data and their centroids of residential areas as the demands and locations, respectively, which makes it difficult to reflect the actual demands and locations of fire services. Thus, this paper proposes a fixed-coverage-based two-step floating catchment area (FC2SFCA) method that takes the fixed service coverage of fire stations as the catchment area and the locations and dispatched fire engines of historical fire incidents as the demand location and size, respectively, to measure the spatial accessibility of fire services. Using a case study area in Nanjing, China, the proposed FC2SFCA and enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) are employed to measure and compare the spatial accessibility of fire incidents and fire stations. The results show that (1) the spatial accessibility across Nanjing, China is unbalanced, with relatively high spatial accessibility in the areas around fire stations and the southwest and northeast at the city center area and relatively low spatial accessibility in the periphery and boundary of the service coverage areas and the core of the city center; (2) compared with E2SFCA, FC2SFCA is less influenced by other fire stations and provides greater actual fire service accessibility; (3) the spatial accessibility of fire services is more strongly affected by the number of fire incidents than firefighting capabilities, the area of service coverage, or the average number of crossroads (per kilometer). Suggestions are then made to improve the overall spatial access to fire services.

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BARRÍOS, Johnatan Estik, Carlos Alberto MONCADA i Diego Alexander ESCOBAR. "GEOGRAPHIC ACCESSIBILITY ANALYSIS USING THE E2SFCA MODEL IN HOSPITALS LOCATED IN ARMENIA, QUINDÍO". GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 47, nr 2 (30.06.2023): 648–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.47233-1065.

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This research applies the Enhanced Two-step Floating Catchment Area method to determine the accessibility conditions of to the health care network in an intermediate Colombian city. This research aims to evaluate the medical personnel supply concerning the geospatial position of health care services in Armenia, Colombia, considering the operational and geometric particularities of the private transportation network. As a method, the Enhanced Two-step Floating Catchment Area is proposed, complemented with socio-demographic analyses. The most important result is about the level of medical coverage for socioeconomic strata 1, 2, and 3, which are below the average established by the World Bank.

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Pan, Xiaofang, Mei-Po Kwan, Lin Yang, Shunping Zhou, Zejun Zuo i Bo Wan. "Evaluating the Accessibility of Healthcare Facilities Using an Integrated Catchment Area Approach". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, nr 9 (19.09.2018): 2051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15092051.

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Accessibility is a major method for evaluating the distribution of service facilities and identifying areas in shortage of service. Traditional accessibility methods, however, are largely model-based and do not consider the actual utilization of services, which may lead to results that are different from those obtained when people’s actual behaviors are taken into account. Based on taxi GPS trajectory data, this paper proposed a novel integrated catchment area (ICA) that integrates actual human travel behavior to evaluate the accessibility to healthcare facilities in Shenzhen, China, using the enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method. This method is called the E2SFCA-ICA method. First, access probability is proposed to depict the probability of visiting a healthcare facility. Then, integrated access probability (IAP), which integrates model-based access probability (MAP) and data-based access probability (DAP), is presented. Under the constraint of IAP, ICA is generated and divided into distinct subzones. Finally, the ICA and subzones are incorporated into the E2SFCA method to evaluate the accessibility of the top-tier hospitals in Shenzhen, China. The results show that the ICA not only reduces the differences between model-based catchment areas and data-based catchment areas, but also distinguishes the core catchment area, stable catchment area, uncertain catchment area and remote catchment area of healthcare facilities. The study also found that the accessibility of Shenzhen’s top-tier hospitals obtained with traditional catchment areas tends to be overestimated and more unequally distributed in space when compared to the accessibility obtained with integrated catchment areas.

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Wang, Fahui. "Inverted Two-Step Floating Catchment Area Method for Measuring Facility Crowdedness". Professional Geographer 70, nr 2 (9.10.2017): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2017.1365308.

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Hermana, Joni, Irhamah, Dian Saptarini i Tatas. "Designing catchment area for water resources management in ITS campus". E3S Web of Conferences 48 (2018): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184805002.

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Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) Campus, with the area of 167.4 Ha, is located within Surabaya coastal region in the eastern part of Java Island. It has initial characteristic with wetlands and swamps ecosystem. As a science and technological university, with the main acitivities in teaching, experimental laboratory works, and student activities, ITS is, currently, using ± 49% of its total vast area as building blocks for supporting academic facilities. Being a campus in a coastal zone, the commonly main problems are high porous soil, brackish surface water, high level of ground water, an obstructed drainage tendency because of delicate slant, and low catchment capability. This paper provides an action program on how ITS manage water resources within campus area in order to suppress environmental damage. Many steps had been taken into account for water catchment role, for instance: maintaining the catchment area on the main ITS master plan, planning catchment pond, surface water stabilization by preventing ground water usage, interrupting drainage water flow as being directly discharged into the city drainage system, rain water harvesting, and also designing floating floor for buildings.

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Paez, Antonio, Christopher D. Higgins i Salvatore F. Vivona. "Demand and level of service inflation in Floating Catchment Area (FCA) methods". PLOS ONE 14, nr 6 (27.06.2019): e0218773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218773.

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Mostarac, Katarina, Zvonko Kavran i Petar Feletar. "APPLICATION OF CATCHMENT AREA METHOD FOR DETERMINING POST OFFICE ACCESSIBILITY: CASE STUDY BJELOVAR-BILOGORA COUNTY". Geoadria 24, nr 1 (26.11.2019): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.2858.

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Accessibility of postal access points is an important part that service providers, as well as regulatory bodies should consider when planning postal network capacities. This is important for the provision of the universal postal service. In this paper, accessibility of post offices is determined by the application of the Two Step Floating Catchment Area method (2SFCA). Geographic Information System (GIS) was used for spatial analysis of postal network, locations, calculation of distances, application of the method and presentation of the results. The current regulatory framework is validated by using catchment area derived from the regulatory criterion.

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Xia, Zelong, Hao Li, Yuehong Chen i Wenhao Yu. "Integrating Spatial and Non-Spatial Dimensions to Measure Urban Fire Service Access". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, nr 3 (13.03.2019): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8030138.

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Assessing the access to fire service at an urban scale involves accounting for geographical impedance, demand, and supply, thus both spatial and non-spatial dimensions must be taken into account. Therefore, in this paper, an optimized two-step floating catchment area (F-2SFCA) method is proposed for measuring urban fire service access, which incorporates the effects of both spatial and non-spatial factors into fire service access. The proposed model is conducted in a case study to assess the fire service accessibility of Nanjing City, China, and then compares its differences and strengths to the existing 2SFCA (two-step floating catchment area) methods. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively quantifies the actual fire service needs and reflects a more realistic spatial pattern of accessibility (i.e., high accessibility level corresponded to a low fire service needs). In addition, we teste the relationship between service accessibility and the facility busyness using the inverted 2SFCA method. The empirical findings indicate that the weighted average accessibility obtained by F-2SFCA is reciprocal to facility busyness across the study area (based on a 5-min catchment), and fits an obvious nonlinear correlation with the high R-square values. The above results further prove the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method in characterizing the accessibility of fire services.

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Desjardins, Elise, Christopher D. Higgins i Antonio Páez. "Examining equity in accessibility to bike share: A balanced floating catchment area approach". Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 102 (styczeń 2022): 103091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103091.

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Langford, Mitchel, Gary Higgs i Richard Fry. "Multi-modal two-step floating catchment area analysis of primary health care accessibility". Health & Place 38 (marzec 2016): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.11.007.

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Bassayev, M. H., i W. Sumadio. "Catchment Area of Park-and-Ride and Kiss-and-Ride nearby Citayam and Bojonggede Railway Station". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 940, nr 1 (1.12.2021): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/940/1/012009.

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Abstract Rail-based transportation, namely trains, has an important role for communities in sub-urban areas. By using the train, communities no longer need to use their vehicles. They can change modes with two choice of ways to get to the station, park their personal vehicle or by using shuttle transportation. The concepts of the two-ways is a form of implementation of park-and-ride and kiss-and-ride. This study aims to identify the reasons why KRL users choose park-and-ride or kiss-and-ride facilities and the user spatial patterns of these facilities. The analysis uses the E2-SFCA (Enhanced 2-Step Floating Catchment Area) method by calculating the distance and ratio of station users and then produces an accessibility value. The results of the analysis that have been carried out indicate that the majority of park-and-ride users are spread out in zone 2 and kiss-and-ride users are spread out in zone 1. The catchment area from both stations are predominantly from areas with local road network characteristics. This road network has a high density but limited vehicle speed. The cost and origin of the distance from the place of residence affect the difference in the catchment area of the KRL station.

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Asrasal, Aswad, Slamet Imam Wahyudi, Henny Pratiwi Adi i Rick Heikoop. "Analysis of floating house platform stability using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe material". MATEC Web of Conferences 195 (2018): 02025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819502025.

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The high demand for land to be built on, makes the price of land more expensive. Various efforts were made to get land to build houses on, one of them was by way of coastal reclamation. The pond area initially functioned as a water catchment area, but later became new land through the reclamation process. This will have adverse impacts on the environment such as flooding due to lack of water storage. To overcome the problem of building in the coastal area without reclaiming, is using floating house. A floating house is a building structure that floats on the water surface by leaning to drowned area weight as the weight parameter which the structure could handle. This research is done to analyze the material platform. PVC pipe is used with floating force (Fa) parameter and cost plan analysis. The structure weight analysis total result is 555,887.5 Newton. The floating force of structure platform is 648.792 Newton. The connection system is a bolt connection system that us 3 cm in diameter with an anchor of length 22 cm, and a total of 4 bolts on each connection. Cost plan analysis using PVC pipe costs IDR 379.500.000,00.

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Luo, Shijia, Heping Jiang, Disheng Yi, Ruihua Liu, Jiahui Qin, Yusi Liu i Jing Zhang. "PM2SFCA: Spatial Access to Urban Parks, Based on Park Perceptions and Multi-Travel Modes. A Case Study in Beijing". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, nr 9 (15.09.2022): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11090488.

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Assessing park accessibility plays an essential role in providing rational recreational services for residents in a city. The perceptions and comments of residents are also important nonspatial factors for accessibility. However, there are few accessibility studies that are combined with public perceptions. Addressing this deficit, this study proposes a perception-based, multi-travel mode, two-step floating catchment area (PM2SFCA) method to calculate park accessibility. First, we quantified the selection probability of residents to parks by integrating the Huff model and the people’s perceptions towards parks. Next, under four travel modes (walking, biking, driving and public transport), we combined the Huff model and the two-step floating catchment area method to compute park accessibility. Furthermore, the Gini coefficient and the Pearson correlation coefficient were used to illustrate the proposed method compared with the traditional E2SFCA method. Based on the above, taking the area of Beijing within the Fifth Ring Road as a study area, this paper facilitated the accessibility computation. The results indicated that the spatial distribution patterns of accessibility differed greatly under the four travel modes. Even under the same travel mode, there was an uneven accessibility distribution. Areas with high accessibility were mainly concentrated in the north, and some marginal areas also presented higher accessibility to parks. The comparative analysis results suggest that our proposed method for accessibility measurements alleviates the underestimation and overestimation of accessibility values obtained by a traditional method such as the center and edge of the study area. The research explores a new research perspective for measuring park accessibility. Furthermore, this study offers better guidance for policymakers trying to optimize park spatial distribution issues.

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Bozorgi, Parisa, Jan M. Eberth, Jeannie P. Eidson i Dwayne E. Porter. "Facility Attractiveness and Social Vulnerability Impacts on Spatial Accessibility to Opioid Treatment Programs in South Carolina". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 8 (16.04.2021): 4246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084246.

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Opioid dependence and opioid-related mortality have been increasing in recent years in the United States. Available and accessible treatments may result in a reduction of opioid-related mortality. This work describes the geographic variation of spatial accessibility to opioid treatment programs (OTPs) and identifies areas with poor access to care in South Carolina. The study develops a new index of access that builds on the two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method, and has three dimensions: a facility attractiveness index, defined by services rendered incorporated into the Huff Model; a facility catchment area, defined as a function of facility attractiveness to account for variable catchment size; and a Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) to account for nonspatial factors that mitigate or compound the impacts of spatial access to care. Results of the study indicate a significant variation in access to OTPs statewide. Spatial access to OTPs is low across the entire state except for in a limited number of metropolitan areas. The majority of the population with low access (85%) live in areas with a moderate-to-high levels of social vulnerability. This research provides more realistic estimates of access to care and aims to assist policymakers in better targeting disadvantaged areas for OTP program expansion and resource allocation.

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Chen, Xiang, i Pengfei Jia. "A systematic evaluation of accessibility measures by the two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method". Abstracts of the ICA 1 (15.07.2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-41-2019.

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Abstract. Accessibility, as an important theme in geospatial science, measures the potential of interaction between geographic entities. Originated in Hansen’s (1959) empirical model for land use planning, place-based accessibility becomes an integrated assessment of urban settlements in relation to social services and opportunities, such as employment, education, and entertainment. Traditional place-based accessibility models, such as the integral measure or the cumulative-opportunity measure (Kwan, 1998), are primarily dependent on the assessment of the supply (e.g., stores, restaurants), evaluating if goods or services could be delivered or reached at an acceptable cost (e.g., distance, time). This assessment overlooks the complex spatial interactions between the supply and demand, referred to as the “complementarity” (Haynes & Fotheringham, 1984). Recent development of the place-based accessibility theory revolves around the two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method (Luo & Wang, 2003). The model evaluates if the capacity of service facilities can cater to nearby demand in a two-step search process. Initially serving for the assessment of health care facilities, the model has been further modified to accommodate various urban planning scenarios (Chen, 2017). One compartment of the model in need of further evaluation is the distance decay. Although the 2SFCA model and its extensions have involved different distance decay functions, such as the Gaussian form and the kernel density form, there is a limited scope of work systematically comparing the performance and limitations of different 2SFCA models. In this study, we have proposed an analytic framework that includes six distance decay functions: the rectangular cumulative-opportunity (CUMR), negative-linear cumulative-opportunity (CUML), inverse-power gravity-type (POW), exponential gravity-type (EXP), and Gaussian gravity-type (GAUSS), and kernel density (KD) models. Examples of these distance decay functions are shown in Figure 1. Each model further consists of four variable scenarios, generating a total of twenty-four 2SFCA measures for comparison in a systematic manner. Using the datasets of point-based food stores (i.e., the supply) and population (i.e., the demand) in the state of Arkansas, the United States, three sets of sensitivity analyses have been conducted to compare the results derived from these twenty-four models. These analyses include (1) Pearson’s correlation between models, (2) assessment by urban-rural status, and (3) variability analysis of the catchment size. Observations about the sensitivity of the 2SFCA models to the distance decay function and the catchment size are drawn from the analyses, providing valuable information for better understanding the intricacy of the model compartments. For example, we have employed the coefficient of variation (CV), defined as the division of the standard deviation to the mean, to examine the spatial inequity of different 2SFCA models as a function of the catchment size (d0, in miles). As shown in Figure 2, all models have a large degree of variability with a small d0; when d0 increases to a certain threshold, CV becomes relatively convergent (d0&thinsp;&geq;&thinsp;9.5). It is also observed that POW20 has a higher level of variability than other models. In this respect, POW20 should be avoided in future model implementation as it derives a different spatial inequity pattern than other models. In addition to revealing the applicability of the models, the paper further draws two important conclusions. First, on a small analysis scale (e.g., community), the catchment size is the most important modeling variable. In this scenario, variation in the catchment size can cause a high degree of measurement uncertainties. Thus, it is a necessity to examine and justify the choice of the catchment size when applying the 2SFCA model to a small-scale analysis. Second, on a large analysis scale (e.g., state, province), the distance decay function is of critical importance. In this scenario, using the 2SFCA model without the distance decay will likely overestimate the supply-demand interaction and thus obfuscate the inequity pattern. In sum, the comparison and the sensitivity analysis outline the potential applicability and limitations of different 2SFCA models. It provides the theoretical rapport necessary to future applications of the model for various urban planning, service delivery, and spatial equity problems.

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Du, Mengge, i Shichen Zhao. "An Equity Evaluation on Accessibility of Primary Healthcare Facilities by Using V2SFCA Method: Taking Fukuoka City, Japan, as a Case Study". Land 11, nr 5 (26.04.2022): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11050640.

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The primary healthcare facilities are among the most basic needs of the residents, huge in quantity and widespread. Their distributions are directly related to people’s health, which affects the sustainable development of cities. The accessibility calculation of primary level healthcare facilities and the equity evaluation of accessibility from the perspective of medical service category and urban population is very important for the decision-making of layout and configuration but has been ignored for a long time. This study took the primary healthcare facilities of Fukuoka city in Japan as research objects; it first used the variable two-step floating catchment area (V2SFCA) method to calculate the healthcare catchment areas (HCAs) of medical service providers and the population catchment area (PCAs) of medical demand locations, and then obtained the accessibility to primary healthcare facilities. Finally, the spatial disparities of accessibility were evaluated from three aspects: overall space distribution by using Global and Local Moran’s I, service quality, and the population to be served. The results showed that HCAs were from 500 m to 6400 m, PCAs ranged from 500 m to 3000 m, the use of variable catchments can improve the accuracy of accessibility assessment results; the accessibility of primary healthcare facilities was clustered and had significant spatial differences, which were high in urban center and low in suburban area; the obvious differences in the accessibility distribution characteristics of clinics in differential diagnosis and treatment departments led to different degrees of unsaturation in the types of medical services obtained by residents; although the elderly’s demand for basic medical care was many times higher than that of other age groups, the accessibility in high-demand areas was generally low, and the situation in severely high-demand areas was more serious. This work puts forward a multi-dimensional realistic evaluation system for equality accessibility of primary healthcare facilities, providing the data support for the medical resources and facilities’ allocation and the intensive land use.

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Du, Mengge, i Shichen Zhao. "An Equity Evaluation on Accessibility of Primary Healthcare Facilities by Using V2SFCA Method: Taking Fukuoka City, Japan, as a Case Study". Land 11, nr 5 (26.04.2022): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11050640.

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The primary healthcare facilities are among the most basic needs of the residents, huge in quantity and widespread. Their distributions are directly related to people’s health, which affects the sustainable development of cities. The accessibility calculation of primary level healthcare facilities and the equity evaluation of accessibility from the perspective of medical service category and urban population is very important for the decision-making of layout and configuration but has been ignored for a long time. This study took the primary healthcare facilities of Fukuoka city in Japan as research objects; it first used the variable two-step floating catchment area (V2SFCA) method to calculate the healthcare catchment areas (HCAs) of medical service providers and the population catchment area (PCAs) of medical demand locations, and then obtained the accessibility to primary healthcare facilities. Finally, the spatial disparities of accessibility were evaluated from three aspects: overall space distribution by using Global and Local Moran’s I, service quality, and the population to be served. The results showed that HCAs were from 500 m to 6400 m, PCAs ranged from 500 m to 3000 m, the use of variable catchments can improve the accuracy of accessibility assessment results; the accessibility of primary healthcare facilities was clustered and had significant spatial differences, which were high in urban center and low in suburban area; the obvious differences in the accessibility distribution characteristics of clinics in differential diagnosis and treatment departments led to different degrees of unsaturation in the types of medical services obtained by residents; although the elderly’s demand for basic medical care was many times higher than that of other age groups, the accessibility in high-demand areas was generally low, and the situation in severely high-demand areas was more serious. This work puts forward a multi-dimensional realistic evaluation system for equality accessibility of primary healthcare facilities, providing the data support for the medical resources and facilities’ allocation and the intensive land use.

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Du, Mengge, i Shichen Zhao. "An Equity Evaluation on Accessibility of Primary Healthcare Facilities by Using V2SFCA Method: Taking Fukuoka City, Japan, as a Case Study". Land 11, nr 5 (26.04.2022): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11050640.

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The primary healthcare facilities are among the most basic needs of the residents, huge in quantity and widespread. Their distributions are directly related to people’s health, which affects the sustainable development of cities. The accessibility calculation of primary level healthcare facilities and the equity evaluation of accessibility from the perspective of medical service category and urban population is very important for the decision-making of layout and configuration but has been ignored for a long time. This study took the primary healthcare facilities of Fukuoka city in Japan as research objects; it first used the variable two-step floating catchment area (V2SFCA) method to calculate the healthcare catchment areas (HCAs) of medical service providers and the population catchment area (PCAs) of medical demand locations, and then obtained the accessibility to primary healthcare facilities. Finally, the spatial disparities of accessibility were evaluated from three aspects: overall space distribution by using Global and Local Moran’s I, service quality, and the population to be served. The results showed that HCAs were from 500 m to 6400 m, PCAs ranged from 500 m to 3000 m, the use of variable catchments can improve the accuracy of accessibility assessment results; the accessibility of primary healthcare facilities was clustered and had significant spatial differences, which were high in urban center and low in suburban area; the obvious differences in the accessibility distribution characteristics of clinics in differential diagnosis and treatment departments led to different degrees of unsaturation in the types of medical services obtained by residents; although the elderly’s demand for basic medical care was many times higher than that of other age groups, the accessibility in high-demand areas was generally low, and the situation in severely high-demand areas was more serious. This work puts forward a multi-dimensional realistic evaluation system for equality accessibility of primary healthcare facilities, providing the data support for the medical resources and facilities’ allocation and the intensive land use.

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Wan, Neng, Bin Zou i Troy Sternberg. "A three-step floating catchment area method for analyzing spatial access to health services". International Journal of Geographical Information Science 26, nr 6 (czerwiec 2012): 1073–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2011.624987.

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Qian, Tianlu, Jie Chen, Ang Li, Jiechen Wang i Dingtao Shen. "Evaluating Spatial Accessibility to General Hospitals with Navigation and Social Media Location Data: A Case Study in Nanjing". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 8 (16.04.2020): 2752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082752.

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Spatial accessibility to general hospitals is an important indicator of the convenience and ability of residents to obtain medical services. Therefore, developing a model for measuring accessibility to general hospitals by multiple transportation modes is necessary. In this study, considering that the increase in travel time will reduce the attractiveness of general hospitals, we used the Two-Step Floating Catchment Area with the Gaussian attenuation function, in which the supply was presented by capacity of hospitals (i.e., number of beds), and the demand was presented by population in each grid derived with social media data mapping real-time locations of active users. The Gaussian Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (Ga2SFCA) simulates the attenuation tendency of the general hospital service capabilities over transit time. To obtain a highly precise understanding of accessibility to hospitals, transit time on Baidu Maps’ navigation service was used as the impedance condition, and the study area was divided into 1 square kilometer grids as the basic unit of research. Taking Nanjing city as a case study, it is found that the accessibility distribution shape changes from a multi-centered circular pattern to a multi-peak distribution, as the time threshold increases. By comparing the accessibility among 11 districts varying from main urban area to suburbs, the accessibility to general hospitals in Nanjing is significantly regionally unbalanced in both travel modes. By calculating and mapping the Modal Accessibility Gap (MAG) of the two travel modes, different modes of transportation resulted in different general hospital accessibility distributions. Generally, private car is superior in access to general hospitals to public transit in most areas. In the central area, public traffic may not contribute to the access to medical services as much as we thought, rather it plays a role in areas far from hospitals along metro lines and bus routes.

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Qin, Jiahui, Yusi Liu, Disheng Yi, Shuo Sun i Jing Zhang. "Spatial Accessibility Analysis of Parks with Multiple Entrances Based on Real-Time Travel: The Case Study in Beijing". Sustainability 12, nr 18 (16.09.2020): 7618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187618.

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Parks are an important component of the green infrastructure in cities. They provide multiple benefits for residents’ life. Due to the uneven spatial distribution of parks, it is necessary to evaluate the spatial disparity about residents’ access to parks. The two-step floating catchment area method is suitable for measuring the accessibility of urban parks. However, few studies have noticed the representative of entrances of parks, especially adding them into the process of accessibility measurements. The floating catchment area is often determined by road speed and empirical travel time. In this article, the impact of multi-entrances of the park will be considered and real-time travel time is used in calculating accessibility. In a case of multi-entrance parks in Beijing, the average travel time of the sub-district is calculated, and with the support of the modified method, the spatial accessibilities of car driving, public transport and car-public transport mixed travel modes are obtained. The results show that the time–space compression effect of car driving is more obvious and the mixed travel mode presents the advantage of high accessibility index. This study has a theoretical and practical value for urban planning, such as advising urban planners on the siting of green park space.

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Kanuganti, Shalini, Ashoke Kumar Sarkar i Ajit Pratap Singh. "Evaluation of access to health care in rural areas using enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method". Journal of Transport Geography 56 (październik 2016): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2016.08.011.

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Zhang, Lina. "Trap of weights: The reuse of weights in the floating catchment area (FCA) methods to measuring accessibility". F1000Research 10 (4.08.2021): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.51483.1.

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Background: Geographic weights are vital in the floating catchment area (FCA) method of accessibility measurements due to their simulation of spatial barriers in various ways. When modelling population demand, geographical weights with different distance decay coefficients can reflect diverse distance tolerances in facility utilization and could lead to erratic accessibility results. Quantifying accessibility as the sum of weighted supply-demand ratios can alleviate the distance decay coefficient's influence and generate stable geographic patterns. However, the effects of weighted ratios on different FCA models and resources have not been investigated. Methods: To identify impacts of weighted ratios on various FCA variants, this study contrasted the accessibility calculated from the sum of ratios (access) and the sum of weighted ratios (access ratios) within three prevalent FCA models: enhanced two-step FCA (E2SFCA), modified two-step FCA (M2SFCA), and three-step FCA (3SFCA). In addition, the accessibilities of various resources evaluate the stability of the weighted ratios' effect. This study therefore examined the accessibilities to primary schools, job opportunities, and major hospitals in Shanghai. Shanghai is a case study that provides lessons on using big data to measure accessibility in metropolitan areas. Results: Geographic weights can not only mitigate the impact of the distance decay coefficients, but can also eliminate model features, which reduces the performance of the M2SFCA's supply decay and the 3SFCA's population demand adjustment in accessibility results. Moreover, weighted ratios tend to overestimate accessibility in marginal communities that lie within fewer catchments, regardless of the resource type. This tendency can lead to an epistemological trap that creates an inaccurate and counter-intuitive perception of resource distribution in a given area. Conclusions: The results identify a gap between the methodological logic and the empirical perception in accessibility measurements. This study concludes that the use of geographic weights needs to be cautious and epistemologically consistent.

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Zhang, Lina. "Trap of weights: The reuse of weights in the floating catchment area (FCA) methods to measuring accessibility". F1000Research 10 (8.02.2022): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.51483.2.

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Background: Geographic weights are vital in the floating catchment area (FCA) method of accessibility measurements due to their simulation of spatial barriers in various ways. When modelling population demand, geographical weights with different distance decay coefficients can reflect diverse distance tolerances in facility utilization and could lead to erratic accessibility results. Quantifying accessibility as the sum of weighted supply-demand ratios can alleviate the distance decay coefficient's influence and generate stable geographic patterns. However, the effects of weighted ratios on different FCA models and resources have not been investigated. Methods: To identify impacts of weighted ratios on various FCA variants, this study contrasted the accessibility calculated from the sum of ratios (access) and the sum of weighted ratios (access ratios) within three prevalent FCA models: enhanced two-step FCA (E2SFCA), modified two-step FCA (M2SFCA), and three-step FCA (3SFCA). In addition, the accessibilities of various resources evaluate the stability of the weighted ratios' effect. This study therefore examined the accessibilities to primary schools, job opportunities, and major hospitals in Shanghai. Shanghai is a case study that provides lessons on using big data to measure accessibility in metropolitan areas. Results: Geographic weights can not only mitigate the impact of the distance decay coefficients, but can also eliminate model features, which reduces the performance of the M2SFCA's supply decay and the 3SFCA's population demand adjustment in accessibility results. Moreover, weighted ratios tend to overestimate accessibility in marginal communities that lie within fewer catchments, regardless of the resource type. This tendency can lead to an epistemological trap that creates an inaccurate and counter-intuitive perception of resource distribution in a given area. Conclusions: The results identify a gap between the methodological logic and the empirical perception in accessibility measurements. This study concludes that the use of geographic weights needs to be cautious and epistemologically consistent.

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Chen, Xiang, i Pengfei Jia. "A comparative analysis of accessibility measures by the two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method". International Journal of Geographical Information Science 33, nr 9 (25.03.2019): 1739–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2019.1591415.

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Luo, Jun. "Analyzing Potential Spatial Access to Primary Care Services with an Enhanced Floating Catchment Area Method". Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization 51, nr 1 (styczeń 2016): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cart.51.1.3230.

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Mao, Kainan, Jingzhong Li i Haowen Yan. "Measuring the Spatial Accessibility of Parks in Wuhan, China, Using a Comprehensive Multimodal 2SFCA Method". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 12, nr 9 (31.08.2023): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12090357.

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The spatial accessibility of urban parks is an important indicator of the livability level of cities. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive multimodal two-step floating catchment area (CM2SFCA) method which integrates supply capacity, the selection probability of individuals, and variable catchment sizes into the traditional multimodel 2SFCA method. This method is used to measure park accessibility in Wuhan, China. The results show that the spatial distribution of park accessibility under the proposed method is variant. High accessibility areas are clustered near the Third Ring Road with strong supply capacity parks, and low accessibility areas are distributed in the western and southern regions. Compared with the single-model accessibility (bicycling, driving, and public transit) method, we found that the multimodal spatial accessibility, combining the characteristics of three single transportations, can provide a more realistic evaluation. We also explore the spatial relationship between park accessibility and population density by bivariate local Moran’s I statistic and find that the Low Ai-High Pi area is located in the center of the study area, and the Low Ai-Low Pi area is located at the edge of the study area, with a relatively discrete distribution of parks and weak supply capacity. These findings may provide some insights for urban planners to formulate effective policies and strategies to ease the spatial inequity of urban parks.

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Mahmoudi, S., M. R. Jelokhani-Niaraki i M. Argany. "EVALUATION OF SPATIAL JUSTICE IN ACCESSIBILITY OF URBAN FACILITIES: A CASE STUDY OF ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC PARKS IN DISTRICT # 11 OF TEHRAN, IRAN". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W18 (18.10.2019): 703–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w18-703-2019.

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Abstract. The green spaces and urban parks play a critical role to improve the quality of life of citizens. In order to meet the principles of the justice-based city and spatial justice in the distribution of public services, it is necessary to evaluate the accessibility to parks in different locations and pay more attention to the places with a low level of accessibility. This study evaluates the spatial justice or inequalities in accessibility to urban parks in District # 11 of Tehran, Iran using a set of spatial indices and GIS tools. Indices used in this study are Covering, Minimum distance, Average distance, Proximity, Two-step floating catchment area and Gravity-based two-step floating catchment area. The results indicate that the level of accessibility to mini and neighborhood parks are almost similar and below the average level. The slight differences in the results are related to the differences in the assumptions and logics of methods. Moreover, the results show that the Coverage, 2SFCA and GB2SFCA (with inappropriate distance decay coefficient) methods face limitations when the accessibility for the community parks are calculated. For example, the Coverage method does not take into account the area of the park for measuring the accessibility level, in turn, this leads to inaccurate results. Overall, the findings show better accessibility to community parks than mini and neighborhood parks. This implies that the municipalities need to increase the number of local mini and neighborhood parks across the city.

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Shen, Zhaoqing, Ge Gao i Zhen Wang. "Accessibility Assessment of Prehospital Emergency Medical Services considering Supply-Demand Differences". Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (21.10.2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1925354.

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The reasonable accessibility assessment method is an important basis for the measurement of the level of prehospital emergency medical services. There is no general model for prehospital emergency care in traditional accessibility evaluation, and its supply-demand characteristics have also been ignored. Based on the three-step floating catchment area (3SFCA) model, the supply-demand three-step floating catchment area (SD3SFCA) model is proposed in this paper, which can express the difference between supply and demand of prehospital emergency medical services and accurately simulate unified dispatching of emergency centers. The unified dispatching behavior of emergency centers is simulated based on the potential service capacity of emergency stations with a supply-demand difference. The supply capacity of different emergency facilities is quantified from the perspective of infrastructure and technical quality. The needs of typical population densities are taken into account and adjusted by the weighting index. The validity of the model is verified, with the prehospital emergency medical service in the West Coast New District of Qingdao as an example. The results show that the model can effectively measure the accessibility level of prehospital emergency services and truly reflect the characteristics of supply and demand. Compared with previous models, the model has been significantly improved, which can provide an important reference for optimizing the allocation of prehospital emergency resources.

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Sandhäger, H., i N. Blindow. "Surface elevation, ice thickness, and subglacial-bedrock topography of Ekström Ice Shelf (Antarctica) and its catchment area". Annals of Glaciology 30 (2000): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756400781820723.

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AbstractEkström Ice Shelf and its catchment area form a comparatively small (∼29 000 km2) drainage system in northern Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Aerial-altimetry and radio-echo-sounding data of this region have been used to derive detailed maps of ice-surface and bedrock topographies and ice thickness. With the new database the volumes of the floating and grounded ice in the drainage system are calculated to be ∼3200 km3 and ∼16 000 km3, respectively. This corresponds to a total ice mass of ∼17 000 Gt. Four significant graben-like depressions in the bedrock topography have been identified, which incline from inland towards the grounding line and are up to ∼16 km wide there. These structures coincide with the particular zones of concentrated ice flux into the ice shelf. The total mean annual mass discharge over the grounding line of the larger western part and the smaller eastern part of Ekström Ice Shelf is estimated to be about 3.7 Gt and 0.4 Gt, respectively. Both parts represent individual ice-shelf systems with different catchment areas, geometric characteristics and flow regimes.

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Zhu, Xiaomeng, Zhijun Tong, Xingpeng Liu, Xiangqian Li, Pengda Lin i Tong Wang. "An Improved Two-Step Floating Catchment Area Method for Evaluating Spatial Accessibility to Urban Emergency Shelters". Sustainability 10, nr 7 (26.06.2018): 2180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10072180.

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Luo, Jun. "Integrating the Huff Model and Floating Catchment Area Methods to Analyze Spatial Access to Healthcare Services". Transactions in GIS 18, nr 3 (czerwiec 2014): 436–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tgis.12096.

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Polzin, Pierre, José Borges i António Coelho. "An Extended Kernel Density Two-Step Floating Catchment Area Method to Analyze Access to Health Care". Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 41, nr 4 (sierpień 2014): 717–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b120050p.

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Fransen, Koos, Tijs Neutens, Philippe De Maeyer i Greet Deruyter. "A commuter-based two-step floating catchment area method for measuring spatial accessibility of daycare centers". Health & Place 32 (marzec 2015): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.01.002.

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Blumenberg, Evelyn, Zhiyuan Yao i Madeline Wander. "Variation in child care access across neighborhood types: A two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) approach". Applied Geography 158 (wrzesień 2023): 103054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2023.103054.

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Everhart, Avery R., Laura Ferguson i John P. Wilson. "Measuring Geographic Access to Transgender Hormone Therapy in Texas: A Three-step Floating Catchment Area Analysis". Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology 45 (czerwiec 2023): 100585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sste.2023.100585.

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He, Ge, i Qinshi Huang. "Geospatial Analysis and Research on Social and Spatial Inequality of Compulsory Education: A Case Study of Hangzhou, China". Complexity 2021 (31.08.2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6265751.

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Equal compulsory education is an important way to realize social and spatial equality, while the uneven allocation of educational resources in different regions and groups results in inequality of opportunity and solidification of social strata. Traditional research conducted on the basis of fixed search range ignores the special institutional background of Chinese school district system. In this paper, an improved Gaussian two-step floating catchment area model is developed taking into consideration the school district system, while the bivariate local spatial analysis method and geographically weighted regression model are employed to study the social and spatial differentiation of compulsory education accessibility and its capitalization effects in Hangzhou. Results show that (1) the improved Gaussian two-step floating catchment area model is more in line with the national condition of China’s “nearby schooling” policy; (2) the accessibility of compulsory schools in Hangzhou shows an obvious core-periphery typology, and the aggregation effect of primary school accessibility is more significant than that of secondary schools; (3) compared to groups with high socioeconomic status, vulnerable groups are highly disadvantaged in terms of access to educational services; (4) spatial heterogeneity exists in education capitalization, and the areas where education accessibility has the strongest impact on housing prices are in the central city with rich high-quality educational resources; (5) high-quality educational resources, high-priced communities, clusters of high socioeconomic status groups, and communities enjoying high-level education accessibility are highly consistent in all spaces, which is the spatial expression of educational inequality. The research on Hangzhou, a regional central city, provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the humanistic shift in the allocation of educational resources.

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Yang, Jieya, Onur Alisan, Mengdi Ma, Eren Erman Ozguven, Wenrui Huang i Linoj Vijayan. "Spatial Accessibility Analysis of Emergency Shelters with a Consideration of Sea Level Rise in Northwest Florida". Sustainability 15, nr 13 (28.06.2023): 10263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151310263.

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Hurricane-induced storm surge and flooding often lead to the closures of evacuation routes, which can be disruptive for the victims trying to leave the impacted region. This problem becomes even more challenging when we consider the impact of sea level rise that happens due to global warming and other climate-related factors. As such, hurricane-induced storm surge elevations would increase nonlinearly when sea level rise lifts, flooding access to highways and bridge entrances, thereby reducing accessibility for affected census block groups to evacuate to hurricane shelters during hurricane landfall. This happened with the Category 5 Hurricane Michael which swept the east coast of Northwest Florida with long-lasting damage and impact on local communities and infrastructure. In this paper, we propose an integrated methodology that utilizes both sea level rise (SLR) scenario-informed storm surge simulations and floating catchment area models built in Geographical Information Systems (GIS). First, we set up sea level rise scenarios of 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 m with a focus on Hurricane Michael’s impact that led to the development of storm surge models. Second, these storm surge simulation outputs are fed into ArcGIS and floating catchment area-based scenarios are created to study the accessibility of shelters. Findings indicate that rural areas lost accessibility faster than urban areas due to a variety of factors including shelter distributions, and roadway closures as spatial accessibility to shelters for offshore populations was rapidly diminishing. We also observed that as inundation level increases, urban census block groups that are closer to the shelters get extremely high accessibility scores through FCA calculations compared to the other block groups. Results of this study could guide and help revise existing strategies for designing emergency response plans and update resilience action policies.

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Xu, Huanyu, Hao Sun, Tian Zhang, Zhenheng Xu, Dan Wu i Ling Wu. "Remote Sensing Study on the Coupling Relationship between Regional Ecological Environment and Human Activities: A Case Study of Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve". Sustainability 15, nr 14 (18.07.2023): 11177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151411177.

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Analyzing human–environment coupling is important in understanding the mechanisms and developments of human–environment systems. However, the current frameworks and approaches evaluating the relationship between human activities and the ecological environment remain limited. Integrating the vegetation-impervious surface–soil–air framework, Mann–Kendall test, correlation analysis, two-step floating catchment area method, coupling analysis, and optimal parameters-based geographical detector, this study comprehensively evaluate the environmental changes and analyzes the coupling relationship between environment and human activities, mainly in terms of habitat quality, landscape pattern, and ecological services. The study area was the Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve in Gansu province, China, an ecologically fragile region with an environment closely linked to human activities. Along with district and county census data, various remote-sensing products (e.g., MODIS, Landsat) were used to assess the ecological level and human–environment coupling state of the study site from 2003 to 2019. The main results show: (1) The remote sensing composite index, which integrates eight ecological sub-indices, effectively captures the spatial and temporal variations of the ecological environment in the study area, providing comprehensive and detailed environmental information. (2) Analysis using the Mann–Kendall-correlation classification, coupling degree, and two-step floating catchment area methods consistently demonstrates a gradual coordination between human activities and the ecological environment in the study area. (3) In comparison to spatially interpolated population data, the remote sensing human activity index more significantly represents the spatial impact of human activities on the ecological environment. (4) The environmental aspects most strongly associated with human activities include carbon fixation and oxygen release, vegetation, humidity, and soil. (5) The ecological environment level does not uniformly deteriorate with increasing population density, and a notable alignment is observed between changes in the ecological environment and the implementation of government environmental protection policies.

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Sun, Yao, Dongwei Tian, Man Zhang i Yue Hou. "Spatial Green Space Accessibility in Hongkou District of Shanghai Based on Gaussian Two-Step Floating Catchment Area Method". Buildings 13, nr 10 (29.09.2023): 2477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13102477.

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Green space in urban areas is one of the most critical infrastructures for the well-being of residents, and its spatial accessibility configuration is a key indicator of urban planning layout and ecological civilization construction. Using the Gaussian two-step floating catchment area (G2SFCA) method, K-means cluster analysis, and Kriging spatial interpolation, this study examines the spatial characteristics of green space accessibility in the Hongkou District, focusing on the relationship between “green space-community” supply. The findings indicate the following: (1) green space accessibility in Hongkou District decreases as the level of green spaces decreases. Higher levels of accessibility are associated with smaller variations in spatial distribution. (2) The green space accessibility in Hongkou District is affected by the surrounding large green space. Compared to other areas, the community green spaces near Lu Xun Park and Peace Park have higher accessibility. (4) The green space accessibility in Hongkou District is impacted by the mismatch between population density and green spaces. An overlay analysis of accessibility and population density reveals that high accessibility areas have average or low-average population density. Based on the results of the green space accessibility analysis, recommendations are proposed to optimize the green space layout in Hongkou District from the perspective of spatial justice. These suggestions are aimed at promoting the equalization of green space services in Hongkou District, improving the overall level of urban green space services, with a view to improving the quality of urban living environment and creating a green and livable urban area.

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Wiśniewski, Szymon. "Spatial Accessibility of Hospital Healthcare in Łódź Voivodeship". Quaestiones Geographicae 35, nr 4 (1.12.2016): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/quageo-2016-0043.

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Abstract The article seeks to analyse the accessibility of hospital healthcare to inhabitants of Łódź voivodeship in 2015. The analysis comprises all the communes of the Łódź region as well as those of the neighbouring voivodeships from which the theoretical time of reaching hospitals in Łódź voivodeship does not exceed the maximum time assumed in the research. Accessibility was determined in reference to 51 hospitals, assuming that their ‘attractiveness’ was related to the number of permanent beds they offered. The research was conducted using the three-step floating catchment area method (3SFCA).

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McGrail, Matthew R., i John S. Humphreys. "Measuring spatial accessibility to primary care in rural areas: Improving the effectiveness of the two-step floating catchment area method". Applied Geography 29, nr 4 (grudzień 2009): 533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2008.12.003.

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Liu, Sunwei, Yupeng Wang, Dian Zhou i Yitong Kang. "Two-Step Floating Catchment Area Model-Based Evaluation of Community Care Facilities’ Spatial Accessibility in Xi’an, China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 14 (14.07.2020): 5086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145086.

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Due to the rapid increase in the number of elderly people in Chinese cities, the development and planning of aged care facilities, and particularly community care facilities, which will gradually become the mainstream choice for the elderly in China, is becoming an important topic for urban sustainability. Previous studies have shown that the number and scale of aged care facilities in many cities are far from meeting the needs of the elderly and the overall occupation rate is low. Some of these cities are still expanding and some are undergoing urban renovation. In this process, the scientific planning of community care facilities to promote efficient use of facility resources has become an urgent problem that needs to be solved. In this study, the two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method and a potential model based on the Geographic Information System (GIS) were used to carry out a scientific evaluation of the spatial accessibility of community care facilities in the Beilin district of Xi’an. The aims were to explore the best quantitative research methods for assessing the distribution of Xi’an community care facilities’ spatial accessibility, provide ideas for similar studies in the future, and further the understanding of spatial allocation of urban community care facilities resources.

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Dony, Coline C., Eric M. Delmelle i Elizabeth C. Delmelle. "Re-conceptualizing accessibility to parks in multi-modal cities: A Variable-width Floating Catchment Area (VFCA) method". Landscape and Urban Planning 143 (listopad 2015): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.06.011.

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Chen, Bi Yu, Xue-Ping Cheng, Mei-Po Kwan i Tim Schwanen. "Evaluating spatial accessibility to healthcare services under travel time uncertainty: A reliability-based floating catchment area approach". Journal of Transport Geography 87 (lipiec 2020): 102794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102794.

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Luo, Wei, i Yi Qi. "An enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method for measuring spatial accessibility to primary care physicians". Health & Place 15, nr 4 (grudzień 2009): 1100–1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2009.06.002.

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Delamater, Paul L. "Spatial accessibility in suboptimally configured health care systems: A modified two-step floating catchment area (M2SFCA) metric". Health & Place 24 (listopad 2013): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.07.012.

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Hu, Shuju, Wei Song, Chenggu Li i Jia Lu. "A multi-mode Gaussian-based two-step floating catchment area method for measuring accessibility of urban parks". Cities 105 (październik 2020): 102815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102815.

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