Artykuły w czasopismach: „Flight fight freeze system”

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Kramer, Sam L., i Benjamin F. Rodriguez. "A Comparison of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Measures: Unique Associations With Social Interaction Anxiety and Social Observation Anxiety". Assessment 25, nr 5 (24.06.2016): 627–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191116654003.

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Evidence suggests that the behavior inhibition system (BIS) and fight-flight-freeze system play a role in the individual differences seen in social anxiety disorder; however, findings concerning the role of the behavior approach system (BAS) have been mixed. To date, the role of revised reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) subsystems underlying social anxiety has been measured with scales designed for the original RST. This study examined how the BIS, BAS, and fight, flight, freeze components of the fight-flight-freeze system uniquely relate to social interaction anxiety and social observation anxiety using both a measure specifically designed for the revised RST and a commonly used original RST measure. Comparison of regression analyses with the Jackson-5 and the commonly used BIS/BAS Scales revealed important differences in the relationships between RST subsystems and social anxiety depending on how RST was assessed. Limitations and future directions for revised RST measurement are discussed.

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Corr, Philip J., i Adam M. Perkins. "Differentiating defensive and predatory aggression: Neuropsychological systems and personality in sex differences". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32, nr 3-4 (sierpień 2009): 274–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x09990434.

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AbstractWe draw a distinction between defensive and predatory forms of aggression, and how these forms relate to basic neuropsychological systems, especially the Fight-Flight-Freeze-System (FFFS; putatively related to defensive aggression), and the Behavioural Approach System (BAS; putatively related to predatory aggression). These systems may help further to account for proximal brain processes and personality influences in the context of sex differences.

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Roelofs, Karin. "Freeze for action: neurobiological mechanisms in animal and human freezing". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, nr 1718 (27.02.2017): 20160206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0206.

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Upon increasing levels of threat, animals activate qualitatively different defensive modes, including freezing and active fight-or-flight reactions. Whereas freezing is a form of behavioural inhibition accompanied by parasympathetically dominated heart rate deceleration, fight-or-flight reactions are associated with sympathetically driven heart rate acceleration. Despite the potential relevance of freezing for human stress-coping, its phenomenology and neurobiological underpinnings remain largely unexplored in humans. Studies in rodents have shown that freezing depends on amygdala projections to the brainstem (periaqueductal grey). Recent neuroimaging studies in humans have indicated that similar brain regions may be involved in human freezing. In addition, flexibly shifting between freezing and active defensive modes is critical for adequate stress-coping and relies on fronto-amygdala connections. This review paper presents a model detailing these neural mechanisms involved in freezing and the shift to fight-or-flight action. Freezing is not a passive state but rather a parasympathetic brake on the motor system, relevant to perception and action preparation. Study of these defensive responses in humans may advance insights into human stress-related psychopathologies characterized by rigidity in behavioural stress reactions. The paper therefore concludes with a research agenda to stimulate translational animal–human research in this emerging field of human defensive stress responses. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Movement suppression: brain mechanisms for stopping and stillness’.

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Punkanen, Marko, Marjo Nyberg i Tiinapriitta Savela. "Vibroacoustic Therapy in the treatment of developmental trauma: Developing safety through vibrations". Music and Medicine 9, nr 3 (28.07.2017): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.47513/mmd.v9i3.539.

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Developmental/attachment trauma strongly affects a child’s developing self-regulation skills, feelings of safety, and their abilities to use their social engagement system instead of defensive reactions like fight, flight, freeze, and total submission. Vibroacoustic therapy (VAT) uses pulsed, sinusoidal, low frequency sound on a specially designed mattress or chair. Based on clinical experience VAT seems to help regulate a traumatized child’s autonomic nervous system and gradually develop the bodily-related feeling of safety.

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Ranđelović, Kristina, Snežana Smederevac, Petar Čolović i Philip J. Corr. "Fear and Anxiety in Social Setting". Journal of Individual Differences 39, nr 2 (kwiecień 2018): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000251.

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Abstract. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dispositional and situational factors on cognitive biases. The theoretical background was based on Kimbrel’s Mediated Model of Social Anxiety and the revised reinforcement sensitivity theory by Gray and McNaughton. Two experiments were conducted. Study 1 (78 participants [85.9% females, aged 19–21 years]) included the induction of potential social threat, while in Study 2 (121 participants [85.1% females, aged 19–23 years]) real threat was used. The Reinforcement Sensitivity Questionnaire was employed as a measure of personality traits (Behavioral Inhibition System [BIS], Behavioral Approach System [BAS], Fight, Flight, and Freeze). Cognitive biases were assessed with the Dot Probe Task (attentional bias), Incidental Free Recall Task (memory bias), and Social Probability Cost Questionnaire (judgmental bias). The probability of occurrence of negative events was higher in the experimental group. BIS contributed positively to the prediction of probability of occurrence of negative events; and Freeze was positively related to attention bias toward pleasant stimuli. The results of the second study showed that experimentally induced circumstances of social threats did not affect cognitive biases. BIS and Freeze contributed positively to prediction of probability and distress in social context, while BIS was positively related with probability of occurrence of negative social events.

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Hanscom, David, David Roger Clawson, Stephen W. Porges, Ray Bunnage, Les Aria, Steve Lederman, James Taylor i C. Sue Carter. "Polyvagal and Global Cytokine Theory of Safety and Threat Covid-19 – Plan B". SciMedicine Journal 2 (8.08.2020): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/scimedj-2020-02-si-2.

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We are presenting this document to medical providers as a systematic approach to improve outcomes of patients with COVID-19. The following variables are considered: Autonomic nervous system viewed from the perspective of the Polyvagal Theory; Timing of interventions in terms of phase of the body’s defense (Fight, Flight, Freeze, Faint); The nervous system considered the context of a “One System” perspective; Protein/Enzyme function; Immune system; Cytokine load - activity, inflammation and metabolic response; Viral load; Angiotensin 2 load.The ARDS and multi-system organ failure of the COVID-19 is a complex problem. This approach acknowledges the complexity and presents a structure where the variables are systematically addressed.1. The common risk factors for death are associated with baseline elevations of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Measures can be taken to lower them before being exposed to the virus–Plan A.2. Strategies to optimize the body’s defenses should be assessed and optimized. These include nutrition, vitamins, and trace elements, sleep, exercise, and minimizing threat.3. The body’s own resources are utilized through recruiting the autonomic nervous system to counteract elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines. The interventions are implemented in the context of what stage of defense the body is in–fight, flight, freeze, or faint.4. Progressive pharmacological interventions are considered with the early interventions being those with minimal risk.We are asking the following:This approach is viewed as the foundation for clinical interventions. They should be implemented in a systematic and stepwise manner.Most of the treatments are already medically proven with minimal or no risk.All basic treatments are in place before more aggressive interventions are implemented.That this process be considered a framework to test clinical protocols and novel therapies. Much work needs to be done regarding dosing and timing.We are particularly interested in the potential of the following interventions, which do need to be looked at in a protocol.o Allowing ketosis in the Mid and Late Phases of the illness.o Considering the use of ketone bodies instead of glucose for fuel in Mid and Late Phases of illness.o Eliminating glucocorticosteroids in the Early and Mid-Phases the use of steroids.o Utilizing the anti-inflammatory cholinergic nervous system (vagal stimulation, nicotine patches, etc.).o Closer monitoring of IL-6 to in real time deliver the most appropriate interventions.

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Wiebe, Donald. "“Pseudo-Speciation of the Human Race:Religions as Hazard-Precaution Systems”". Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 25, nr 4-5 (2013): 410–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700682-12341304.

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Abstract Human individuals and groups have faced not only immediate and obvious threats to their welfare that trigger a flight-fight-or-freeze response but also long-term and unpredictable challenges to their general security. Defence systems against such threats involve detecting subtle signs of potential danger and eliciting precautionary responses to them. I will argue here that there is sufficient evidence in the historical, psychological, and anthropological literature to suggest that religions emerged as such “natural security systems.” I will also suggest, however, that with the global improvement in human physical well-being religions no longer play this kind of protective role and may themselves have become a threat to modern civilization.

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Mitrovic, Dusanka, Snezana Smederevac i Petar Colovic. "Latent structure and construct validity of the reinforcement sensitivity questionnaire". Psihologija 41, nr 4 (2008): 555–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi0804555m.

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The Revised reinforcement sensitivity theory contains three basic systems: Behavioral inhibition system (BAS), Behavioral activation system (BIS) and the Fight/ Flight/ Freeze (FFF) system. In this model, BIS is a system for detection of potential conflict or threat, and FFFS differs three basic patterns of reaction to actual or perceived danger. In Study 1, which was aimed at the examination of the latent structure of the RSQ, was conducted on a sample of 472 participants of both genders. The best - fitting model suggests that, at the top level of hierarchy, three dimensions exist, which are analogous to the BIS, BAS and FFF. The last dimension contains three subordinate dimensions, which represent the subsystems of the FFF. Study 2, in which 203 subjects participated, was aimed at examination of the relations between the dimensions of the Revised reinforcement sensitivity theory and dimensions of the PEN model. Confirmatory factor analyses of the RSQ and EPQ-R dimensions revealed that the best-fitting model comprised three latent dimensions, the first one being analogous to the BIS - Neuroticism, the second one to the BAS - Extraversion, and the third to the Aggressiveness- Psychoticism. The structure of the latent dimensions is in accordance with the expectations. The results state that fear and anxiety (which neurophysiological distinction is emphasized by Gray), are substantively similar on the behavioral level. Also, the results suggest that the Freeze dimension is probably closer to the BIS system than to the FFF.

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Spencer, Christopher C., Joshua D. Foster i Jeffrey S. Bedwell. "Structural Relationships Among the Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism". Journal of Personality Disorders 32, nr 5 (październik 2018): 654–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2017_31_318.

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Research shows that grandiosity and vulnerability are distinct aspects of narcissism. The Contemporary Clinical Model (CCM) of narcissism suggests that individuals fluctuate between grandiose narcissism (GN) and vulnerable narcissism (VN). The authors examine the relative contributions of the Behavioral Approach System (BAS), the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS), and the Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS) in the Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality (r-RST) to GN and VN. Few studies examine the r-RST, and even fewer examine the VN and GN distinction. To remain consistent with the CCM, structural equation modeling was used to account for individuals’ relative levels of VN and GN. Across two independent samples (Ns = 854 and 258), results indicated that GN is associated with higher BAS scores and that VN is associated with higher BIS scores. Relations among GN, VN, and FFFS were inconsistent between samples. Implications of the r-RST results are interpreted within the context of the CCM.

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Kossak, Mitchell. "Editorial". Journal of Applied Arts & Health 13, nr 1 (1.03.2022): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jaah_00098_2.

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During the COVID-19 pandemic many artists, researchers and academics have continued their vital work in applied arts and health. In this time of challenge, the loss of embodied connection with others has led many to feel overwhelmed, filled with anxiety, fear and overall disconnection. This collective resonance can be similar to what occurs when one is exposed to traumatic events, including fight, flight or freeze responses. Recent research points to the positive effects of rhythmic activities, that the arts provide, to address these reactions and re-regulate the nervous system. Many of the articles in this issue demonstrate how the arts have been utilized towards addressing the loss of embodied rhythmic affective states, sharing of deep emotional states, providing a path towards health and well-being. These research articles and ‘Notes from the Field’ illustrate once again the power of the arts to resonate and bring individuals and communities together.

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De Pascalis, V., P. Scacchia, B. Papi i P. J. Corr. "Changes of spontaneous EEG-band oscillations to tonic cold pain and the Behavioural Inhibition and Fight-Flight-Freeze Systems". International Journal of Psychophysiology 131 (październik 2018): S35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.07.108.

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Pugnaghi, Giulia, Andrew Cooper, Ulrich Ettinger i Philip J. Corr. "The Psychometric Properties of the German Language Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory-Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ)". Journal of Individual Differences 39, nr 3 (lipiec 2018): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000262.

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Abstract. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of a German translation of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ; Corr & Cooper, 2016 ). Five hundred twenty-seven participants completed the German version of the RST-PQ, in addition to a battery of related self-report personality questionnaires. A six-factor structure, with two unitary defensive factors, fight-flight-freeze system (FFFS; related to fear) and the behavioral inhibition system (BIS; related to anxiety), and four behavioral approach system (BAS) factors (Reward Interest, Goal-Drive Persistence, Reward Reactivity, and Impulsivity), was supported by confirmatory factor analysis, confirming the English language version of the RST-PQ. Convergent and discriminant validity for the six-factor structure was demonstrated in relation to existing personality scales. Results showed that the German version of the RST-PQ is a reliable and valid self-report measure of the revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (rRST) of personality. This version of the RST-PQ is offered to facilitate work on approach-avoidance theories of personality using German language samples.

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Iswandi, Iswandi, M. Manugeren i Purwarno Purwarno. "Causes of Anger in M. Irfan hidayatullah’s Novel cermin Retak: Tabir Robbi dan Robbani". JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE 2, nr 2 (24.11.2020): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/jol.v2i2.2951.

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This study is concerned with the causes of anger. Anger a basic human emotion, as elemental as, gladness, sadness, anxiety or disgust. These emotions are tied to basic survival and are honed over the course of human history. Anger is related to the “fight, flight, or freeze” response of the sympathetic nervous system: it prepares humans to fight. But fighting does not necessarily mean throwing punches; it might motivate communities to combat injustice by changing laws or enforcing new behavioral norms. This is the positive trait of anger though in many cases only the negative ones are seen. Everyone experiences anger at some point. It becomes problematic, however, when the frequency or severity of anger interferes with relationships, work performance, legal standing, or mental health. All these points are faced by the main characters of the novel. The whole research is done by means of descriptive qualitative research, exposing the social features, in this case anger. The research results show that there are causes of anger found through the study: past experience and lack of problem-solving ability. Owing to traumatic past experiences, one of the main characters does a kidnapping and on the second point, the inability of solving problems, makes another main character filled with anger.

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Vecchio, Arianna, i Vilfredo De Pascalis. "ERP Indicators of Self-Pain and Other Pain Reductions due to Placebo Analgesia Responding: The Moderating Role of the Fight-Flight-Freeze System". Brain Sciences 11, nr 9 (10.09.2021): 1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11091192.

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This study evaluates the modulation of phasic pain and empathy for pain induced by placebo analgesia during pain and empathy for pain tasks. Because pain can be conceptualized as a dangerous stimulus that generates avoidance, we evaluated how approach and avoidance personality traits modulate pain and empathy for pain responses. We induced placebo analgesia to test whether this also reduces self-pain and other pain. Amplitude measures of the N1, P2, and P3 ERPs components, elicited by electric stimulations, were obtained during a painful control, as well as during a placebo treatment expected to induce placebo analgesia. The placebo treatment produced a reduction in pain and unpleasantness perceived, whereas we observed a decrease in the empathy unpleasantness alone during the empathy pain condition. The moderator effects of the fight-flight-freeze system (FFFS) in the relationships linking P2 and P3 amplitude changes with pain reduction were both significant among low to moderate FFFS values. These observations are consistent with the idea that lower FFFS (active avoidance) scores can predict placebo-induced pain reduction. Finally, in line with the revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (r-RST), we can assume that phasic pain is an aversive stimulus activating the active-avoidance behavior to bring the system back to homeostasis.

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Bacon, Alison M., Dino Krupić, Nese Caki i Philip J. Corr. "Emotional and Behavioral Responses to COVID-19". European Psychologist 26, nr 4 (październik 2021): 334–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000461.

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Abstract. This review appraises evidence for the role of personality in COVID-19 related emotions and behaviors. Three key models of personality are considered: the Five-factor Model, HEXACO model, and Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST). In line with personality research, more generally, most studies focus on the Five-Factor model. Key findings are that neuroticism is most associated with poor mental health, and extraversion is associated with a reluctance to socially isolate. Conscientiousness predicts compliance with safety guidelines but also with fewer prosocial behaviors, particularly stockpiling. Research within the HEXACO framework largely confirms these findings, especially for emotionality and mental health. The additional HEXACO Honesty-Humility factor is found to be associated with prosocial views and abstention from panic buying. Studies based on the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of personality indicate emotional conflict as people wish to stay safe while maintaining a sense of normality. Behavioral compliance is driven by activation in the Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS; fear-related) and the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS; anxiety-related). The Behavioral Approach System (BAS) is implicated in approach-driven behaviors such as avoiding infection. These findings have implications for health communications and post-pandemic support.

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Wang, Zhuang, Hui Li, Haolin Wu i Zhaoxin Wu. "Improving Maneuver Strategy in Air Combat by Alternate Freeze Games with a Deep Reinforcement Learning Algorithm". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (30.06.2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7180639.

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In a one-on-one air combat game, the opponent’s maneuver strategy is usually not deterministic, which leads us to consider a variety of opponent’s strategies when designing our maneuver strategy. In this paper, an alternate freeze game framework based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed to generate the maneuver strategy in an air combat pursuit. The maneuver strategy agents for aircraft guidance of both sides are designed in a flight level with fixed velocity and the one-on-one air combat scenario. Middleware which connects the agents and air combat simulation software is developed to provide a reinforcement learning environment for agent training. A reward shaping approach is used, by which the training speed is increased, and the performance of the generated trajectory is improved. Agents are trained by alternate freeze games with a deep reinforcement algorithm to deal with nonstationarity. A league system is adopted to avoid the red queen effect in the game where both sides implement adaptive strategies. Simulation results show that the proposed approach can be applied to maneuver guidance in air combat, and typical angle fight tactics can be learnt by the deep reinforcement learning agents. For the training of an opponent with the adaptive strategy, the winning rate can reach more than 50%, and the losing rate can be reduced to less than 15%. In a competition with all opponents, the winning rate of the strategic agent selected by the league system is more than 44%, and the probability of not losing is about 75%.

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Hemami, Hooshang. "A Model of Early Motivational States and Their Uses". Mechanical Engineering Research 7, nr 1 (31.05.2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mer.v7n1p31.

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A model of early development of motivational states is proposed. The states are modeled in terms of modern concepts of state space and are physically realized by long-term-potentiation (LTP)-based neural circuits. The basic idea is to assume existence of libido and aggression instincts that would receive single sensory stimulus and induce capabilities for fight-or-flight, freeze or run, etc. The libido state may lead to happiness, contentment, or activities such as dance or play, imitation of observed behavior and action of others, and engagement in learning by trial and error.Enhancement of two motor skills are presented: responding more quickly in time and delivering a larger force of contact. This is a simple example of how the perception system, the motor system and the motivation system interact. A one-degree-of-freedom second-order mechanical system is modified by a first-order neural facilitator or compensator.The tit-for-tat phenomenon in force escalation is also modeled. The model includes tactile sensors for the measurement of a known force applied to a human finger, afferent transmission of the sensed force to the brain, storage of the perceived force, recovery of the stored force from memory, and efferent transmission of the force to the finger. The situation may change based on perception of more adversaries discouraging retaliation and encouraging resort to withdrawal and / or retreat.

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Piotti, Patrizia, Mariangela Albertini, Lidia Pia Trabucco, Lucia Ripari, Christos Karagiannis, Claudio Bandi i Federica Pirrone. "Personality and Cognitive Profiles of Animal-Assisted Intervention Dogs and Pet Dogs in an Unsolvable Task". Animals 11, nr 7 (20.07.2021): 2144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11072144.

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Dogs are biologically predisposed to communicate with humans in cooperative contexts. They show individual differences in dog–human communication and inhibition, potentially enhanced by life experience, e.g., Animal-Assisted Interventions. This study aimed to investigate whether dogs’ personality, defined by biologically meaningful neural circuits described in the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality (RST), predicted dogs’ communication, task orientation, emotional state, and approach of an unsolvable task. We also investigated the differences between dogs experienced in Animal-Assisted Interventions (AAI) and inexperienced dogs. The results indicated that a high sensitivity to the RST personality trait related to managing uncertainty (Behavioural Inhibition System, BIS) predicted fewer task orientations but increased referential and non-referential looking, which we interpreted as a way to obtain directions from the owner. Conversely, a high sensitivity to the traits reflecting tendencies to approach rewards (Behavioural Approach System, BAS) and avoid punishment (Fight–Flight–Freeze System, FFFS) predicted lower looking. High sensitivity to the FFFS also predicted more frequent task orientations, which we interpreted as frustration. Finally, the dogs in the AAI program looked more at their owner and were less oriented towards the task. These results provide empirical evidence of individual differences tied to the psychobiological personality traits in canine cognitive skills. Understanding such cognitive profiles may have an enormous impact on activities that rely upon dog–human collaborative interaction.

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Cheraghi, Kiomars, Morad Rasouli-Azad, Hamid Reza Banafshe, Ali Yoonessi, Amir Ghaderi i Abdollah Omidi. "Nicotine Dependence Severity and Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory: Assessing the Mediating Role of Risky Decision Making Using Path Analysis". International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine 10, nr 4 (23.11.2020): 30278.1–30278.10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v10i4.30278.

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Background: Gray’s revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (r-RST) is a neuropsychological explanation of personality that has been broadly used in substance use disorders. Although the Behavioral Approach System (BAS) is strongly related to nicotine dependence, findings in Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) are controversial and there is little information about the role of the Fight/Flight/Freeze System (FFFS) in nicotine dependence. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the mediating role of Risky Decision Making (RDM) in this relationship to clarify the controversy and fill the gap. Methods: The final sample of this correlation study comprised of 347 university students (age, Mean±SD 23.2±6.7) who completed two self-report measures, including the Fagerstrom Test For Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Jackson-5 questionnaire of r-RST, and a computerized Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) to measure RDM. Pearson correlation and a path analysis framework were used to determine the simple, direct, and indirect effects of r-RST systems on nicotine dependence severity through RDM. Results: Using Amos, path analyses demonstrated significant direct and indirect effects of BAS and FFFS/BIS on tobacco use. Also, the relationship between BAS/FFFS/BIS and tobacco use was shown to be mediated by RDM. Conclusion: It was demonstrated that the relationship among BAS /FFFS/BIS and tobacco use can be partly explained using maladaptive RDM strategies, suggesting that decreasing reliance on decision-making in risky situations, while increasing the use of decision-making skills educations in risky situations, and increasing the use of alternative sensation and fun seeking by smoking and emotion regulation and mindfulness-based therapies

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Du Rocher, Andrew R., Jessica Barker, Monika I. Chalupka, Anna France, Raisa S. Habib, Joel H. Holzer, Bethany M. R. Johnston, Heather Mee, Imaan Mohammed i Rebecca Quail. "Are reinforcement sensitivity personality constructs and attentional control important predictors of restrictive disordered eating?" International Journal of Personality Psychology 7 (19.10.2021): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/ijpp.7.37818.

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The revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (rRST) perspective on personality suggests that a neuropsychological behavioural inhibition system (BIS), behavioural approach system (BAS), and a fight-flight-freeze system (FFFS) produce the key personality traits involved in approach and avoidance behaviours. This perspective on personality can be used as a framework for understanding psychopathology. Self-report research on rRST suggests that restrictive disordered eating relates to elevated BIS sensitivity, elevated FFFS sensitivity, and possibly dysfunctional BAS sensitivity. Disordered eating can also relate to reduced trait mindfulness, which is a broadly defined construct. Trait mindfulness is positively correlated with attentional control (AC) which is a more specific component of our cognitive architecture that incorporates attentional focusing and attentional shifting processes. It is unknown how BIS and AC interact to predict restrictive disordered eating. We tested how self-reported BIS, BAS, and FFFS sensitivity, AC, and trait mindfulness relate to restrictive disordered eating in 464 healthy participants, and 177 participants with a history of psychiatric disorder. We provide new evidence that elevated restrictive disordered eating relates to reduced self-reported AC abilities (in addition to elevated BIS, and elevated FFFS sensitivity). We illustrate that the combination of high BIS and low AC predicts high levels of restrictive disordered eating (but not in all participants), whereas low BIS and high AC predicts lower levels of restrictive disordered eating (but not in all participants). We discuss how understanding the relationship between personality and attentional control can inform the design of future intervention studies.

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Bell, Randall. "DIVE, SURVIVE OR THRIVE: A Prescription for Post-Traumatic Thriving". Neonatology Today 16, nr 1 (19.01.2021): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.51362/neonatology.today/2021116138.

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Medical problems and procedures, along with a host of other issues, can be traumatizing. The fallout for post-traumatic effects can linger for decades. In any traumatic episode, the body switches off the parasympathetic (rest and digest) nervous system while turning on the sympathetic (fight-flight-freeze) system. In this mode, the body pumps high levels of adrenaline through the bloodstream. This is a basic survival instinct based on the need to escape the trauma and get to safety. Trauma causes a well-researched chain reaction. It shifts the brain activity from the outer "human brain" to the inner "reptilian brain" that governs instincts. This can result in a blurred and distorted mental state, so when the trauma ends, many patients remain stuck in the sympathetic nervous state. It is somewhat like a car at full throttle while parked in neutral. The human body is not designed to have a continual flow of high adrenaline levels flowing through the bloodstream. Yet, this is precisely what unresolved trauma does. This state of perpetual trauma hurts, so many self-medicate with any of the many harmful activities designed to dull the pain. Of course, self-medication only deadens the hurt but does nothing for the underlying unresolved trauma. Health care professionals have their specialties, yet all should be versed in the fundamental steps patients can take to flip the parasympathetic nervous system back on. Two of the most effective techniques are "grounding" and "sitting in the fire." They are simple practices, can cost nothing, and get right to the heart of healing the unresolved trauma. When included in the overall prescription, both physical and emotional healing can occur.

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Kweon, Mun Hee, i Hyo Jung Shin. "The Relationship Between the Fight-Flight-Freeze System, Levels of Expressed Emotion in the Family, and Emotion Regulation Difficulties among University Students: A Comparison of Experienced and Inexperienced Non-Suicidal Self-Injury(NSSI)". Journal of Human Understanding and Counseling 40, nr 2 (30.12.2019): 149–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30593/jhuc.40.2.8.

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Pasche Guignard, Florence. "Fight, flight, freeze, fool, or pray". Zeitschrift für Religionswissenschaft 23, nr 2 (1.09.2015): 285–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfr-2015-0013.

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Maack, Danielle J., Erin Buchanan i John Young. "Development and Psychometric Investigation of an Inventory to Assess Fight, Flight, and Freeze Tendencies: The Fight, Flight, Freeze Questionnaire". Cognitive Behaviour Therapy 44, nr 2 (3.11.2014): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2014.972443.

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De Swaef, E., M. Vercauteren, L. Pieraets i A. M. Declercq. "“Fight, flight or freeze” - Tonische immobiliteit bij haaien". Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 89, nr 5 (30.10.2020): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/vdt.v89i5.16950.

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Tonische immobiliteit (TI) is een niet-aangeleerde en omkeerbare toestand van motorische onbeweeglijkheid die bij verscheidene terrestrische en aquatische diersoorten, zoals haaien, kan worden uitgelokt. TI is van oorsprong een natuurlijk gedrag dat bij haaien kan worden uitgelokt door plaatselijke druk uit te oefenen ter hoogte van de vinnen en de dieren op de rug te draaien, waarna ze een verslapping van de spiertonus vertonen en tijdelijk niet meer reageren op omgevingsstimuli. Deze toestand kan mogelijk een effect hebben op de fysiologie van de dieren. TI zou bij haaien de ventilatie-efficiëntie verminderen en bijgevolg verscheidene bloedparameters beïnvloeden, stressrespons induceren en de osmolariteit van het bloed verstoren. Desalniettemin kent TI bij haaien wetenschappelijke en diergeneeskundige toepassingen bij (klinisch) onderzoek, bloedafname en wondbehandeling. Tonische immobiliteit bij haaien is echter een enigmatisch fenomeen en verdient verder interdisciplinair onderzoek.

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Jones, Carolyn E., i Marie-H. Monfils. "Fight, Flight, or Freeze? The Answer May Depend on Your Sex". Trends in Neurosciences 39, nr 2 (luty 2016): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2015.12.010.

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Wester, Misse. "Fight, Flight or Freeze: Assumed Reactions of the Public During a Crisis". Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 19, nr 4 (12.05.2011): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5973.2011.00646.x.

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Webster, Vicki, Paula Brough i Kathleen Daly. "Fight, Flight or Freeze: Common Responses for Follower Coping with Toxic Leadership". Stress and Health 32, nr 4 (3.12.2014): 346–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smi.2626.

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Bracha, H. Stefan. "Freeze, Flight, Fight, Fright, Faint: Adaptationist Perspectives on the Acute Stress Response Spectrum". CNS Spectrums 9, nr 9 (wrzesień 2004): 679–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900001954.

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ABSTRACTThis article reviews the existing evolutionary perspectives on the acute stress response habitual faintness and blood-injection-injury type-specific phobia (BIITS phobia). In this article, an alternative evolutionary perspective, based on recent advances in evolutionary psychology, is proposed. Specifically, that fear–induced faintness (eg, fainting following the sight of a syringe, blood, or following a trivial skin injury) is a distinctHomo sapiens-specific extreme-stress survival response to an inescapable threat. The article suggests that faintness evolved in response to middle paleolithic intra-group and inter-group violence (of con-specifics) rather than as a pan-mammalian defense response, as is presently assumed. Based on recent literature, freeze, flight, fight, fright, faint provides a more complete description of the human acute stress response sequence than current descriptions. Faintness, one of three primary physiological reactions involved in BIITS phobia, is extremely rare in other phobias. Since heritability estimates are higher for faintness than for fears or phobias, the author suggests that trait-faintness may be a useful complement to trait-anxiety as an endophenotype in research on the human fear circuitry. Some implications for the forthcomingDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Editionas well as for clinical, health services, and transcriptomic research are briefly discussed.

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AlMarabeh, Sara, i Mohammed H. Abdulla. "The differential modulation of the baroreflex control mechanism in fight, flight or freeze behaviour". Experimental Physiology 106, nr 12 (9.11.2021): 2337–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/ep090063.

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Krupić, Dino, i Bojana Dinić. "Situational Cues Trigger Risk Assessment, Fight, Flight, but not Freeze in Blanchard’s Threat Scenarios". Human Ethology Bulletin 32, nr 2 (30.06.2017): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22330/heb/322/014-023.

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Thompson, Kristen L., Susan M. Hannan i Lynsey R. Miron. "Fight, flight, and freeze: Threat sensitivity and emotion dysregulation in survivors of chronic childhood maltreatment". Personality and Individual Differences 69 (październik 2014): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.05.005.

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Rupia, Emmanuel J., Sandra A. Binning, Dominique G. Roche i Weiqun Lu. "Fight-flight or freeze-hide? Personality and metabolic phenotype mediate physiological defence responses in flatfish". Journal of Animal Ecology 85, nr 4 (16.05.2016): 927–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12524.

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Hu, Chao Jiang, Chang Wei Liu i Qiao Bing Ma. "Study on Flight Command and Training Simulation System about Aircraft". Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (luty 2012): 3076–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.3076.

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A scheme of Flight Command and Training Simulation System about Aircraft has been put forward and a prototype has been developed based on the technique of three-dimensional digital terrain elevation, flight simulation and automatic generation of flight route. One can not only study and grasp preliminary knowledge about flight command and training independently with the automatic generation function of flight route of the system, but also can get almost real flight command and training experience when flight mission routes are generated with the fight simulation platform of the system. So the system can meet one’s requirement of learning and grasping flight command and training knowledge very well.

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Allison, Amber L., Jeremy C. Peres, Christian Boettger, Uwe Leonbacher, Paul D. Hastings i Elizabeth A. Shirtcliff. "Fight, flight, or fall: Autonomic nervous system reactivity during skydiving". Personality and Individual Differences 53, nr 3 (sierpień 2012): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.03.019.

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Valenta, Tanja, Christian Gostečnik, Tanja Pate i Tanja Repič Slavič. "Violence regulation and dysregulation system". Family Forum 9 (27.02.2020): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/ff/1290.

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Very early in childhood, relational trauma can lead to affect dysregulation in two directions: while intense fear determines the dysregulation of the brain system responsible for flight, uncontrolled aggression means the dysregulation of the brain centre responsible for fight. Both systems send the message of dysregulation in the autonomic nervous system. In both cases, there is a dysregulation of sympathetic arousal that exceeds the individual’s ability to cope with stress in a functional and effective manner. In other words, the flight response is triggered by immense fear, and the fight response is caused by intense anger and rage, which is functional in a normal response to trauma, while in the case of a dysregulated psycho-organic system it indicates a disorder that can have long-term consequences. These disorders can occur at a very early stage, in children who are at the time exposed to severe stress situations; this can lead to changes in the child’s neurobiological system, which may later become a source of psychopathology.

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Majidi, Rezgar, i Yahya Yarahmadi. "Compared the Fight-or-Flight System Dependent People, Glass, Opium and Ordinary on the Basis of Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory". International Frontier Science Letters 5 (październik 2015): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ifsl.5.20.

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This study aimed to compared the Fight – or - flight system dependent people, glass, opium and ordinary on the basis of revised reinforcement sensitivity theory. The present study method, of terms of purpose, function and of terms of manner of implementation, causal-comparative, of type then event. The study population included all drug addicts referred to the Medical Center Hospital of Sanandaj qods who first referred to the center (New Case) and have not received any medical treatment. Among the population of through available sampling a total of 90 people were selected and questionnaire Gary- Wilson personality questionnaire (GWPQ( 1993, was carried out on them. To analyze the data variance and Tukey test was used. The results showed that between the Fight – or - flight system dependent people, glass, opium and ordinary there is a significant difference. The results of analysis of variance showed that the level of significance (0.011) is less than %5, as a result of the confidence level %95, there difference, Between Fight – or - flight system level members dependents the opium, glass and ordinary people on the basis of revised reinforcement sensitivity theory.

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Lobo, Stany W., Thejodhar Pulakunta, Sudarshan S i Mangala Kumari. "FIGHT OR FLIGHT THEORY OF SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: IS IT A MYTH?" Revista Argentina de Anatomía Clínica 14, nr 3 (28.11.2022): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.31051/1852.8023.v14.n3.39146.

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Liu, Lu, Xin Chen i Dong Cao. "Research of Redundancy Management on Fight Control Computer for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle". Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (listopad 2011): 1573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.1573.

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Redundancy technology is very important to improve the reliability and fault tolerant of redundant flight control computer for unmanned aerial vehicle. The key technology is redundancy management strategies and methods. The redundancy management strategies and methods are researched based on hardware redundancy and software management for the sample redundant flight control computer The redundancy management strategies make full use of the advantages of distributed systems and the CAN bus transmission characteristics, and solve the problem of fault diagnosis and fault treatment and system reconfiguration. Results show that the strategies meet the design specifications of application requirements.

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DAI, Guicheng, Yanming FAN, Donghui LI, Hongtu MA i Li MEI. "Study on experiment platform for flight control system of general aircraft". Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 40, nr 2 (kwiecień 2022): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20224020391.

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Currently, the development of general aircraft is a new hotspot in the field of domestic civil aviation. But the development of general aircraft R & D is relatively lag comparing to the military and commercial transport aircraft, and lack of validation and experiment platform for flight control system. Based on the necessity, basic design principles of the experiment platform and the test items of general aircraft, a design scheme of the general platform was proposed. The scheme was composed of the human-aircraft interface subsystem, hardware construction environment subsystem, aircraft motion simulation subsystem, signal acquisition/processing subsystem and so on. At the same time, the flight simulation and test of man-in-loop are realized. This platform is used to test the flight control system characteristics of an electric general aircraft. The test results demonstrated that the platform is stable and reliable, and can resolve the problem of general aircraft fight control system testing effectively.

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Aksu, Tolga, i Dhiraj Gupta. "Targeting the autonomic nervous system during AF ablation: Should we fight or take flight?" Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 32, nr 2 (23.01.2021): 245–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jce.14871.

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Seng, Julia, i CAsCAid Group. "From Fight or Flight, Freeze or Faint, to “Flow”: Identifying a Concept to Express a Positive Embodied Outcome of Trauma Recovery". Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association 25, nr 3 (8.06.2018): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078390318778890.

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BACKGROUND: The lifespan effects of adverse childhood experiences and their complex posttraumatic sequelae include early physical morbidity and mortality. Attention to physical sequelae and recovery is gaining clinical and research momentum. However, patient-centered communication in health care is hampered by lack of a common concept and word for a positive subjective, embodied outcome of trauma recovery. OBJECTIVE: To address this gap in theory, research, and practice vocabulary. DESIGN: We applied the six-step concept identification method described by Morse. RESULTS: The concept we identified is distinct from the trauma-reactive states of “fight or flight” and “freeze or faint.” We call it “flow.” CONCLUSIONS: Further deductive or inductive work to validate the concept would be useful as a step toward instrument development, followed by validation of its utility as a self-report proxy endpoint for patient centered health outcomes research. Qualitative research could be useful to elucidate the process of attaining “posttraumatic flow.”

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Nistor, Roxana-Maria. "Memefying Crises in Romania and Japan: A Global Phenomenon Bearing Local Value". Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 67, nr 4 (20.12.2022): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2022.4.02.

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Memefying Crises in Romania and Japan: A Global Phenomenon Bearing Local Value. When faced with unexpected, traumatic events, such as crises, which can trigger fear and anxiety, people react differently. Depending on the type of crisis and on how affected they are by it, people can run in fear (flight), become numb, irresponsive (freeze), please other people (fawn), or stay put and deal with it one way or another (fight). In such cases, humour, irony and sarcasm appear to be a good strategy. As such, Internet memes are an example of a fight reaction that people have to crises, in which they resort to humorous, ironic, sarcastic texts / videos to deal with such unpredictable events that affect the world that they are familiar with, which become highly contagious (transmissible) on the Internet. By carrying out a qualitative analysis of a corpus of Internet memes from Japan and Romania retrieved from Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook, which appeared in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, and by looking at Geert Hofstede’s and Edward T. Hall’s cultural dimensions, the purpose of this article is to prove that Internet memes—though they are seen as a global phenomenon—bear some local value and transmit ideas, feelings, and beliefs specific to a culture.

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Peng, Jie, Li Zhong Shi i Feng Wang. "Study on Evaluation System of Aircraft Carbon Emissions for China Civil Aviation". Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (październik 2011): 825–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.825.

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Aircraft carbon emissions because of their special status led to the spatial vertical distribution of pollution significantly different from other stationary sources and ground transportation. This paper will research on the Great Circle Distance (GCD) between the origin and destination airports, in order to get the fuel used from the CORINAIR database, and thus base on the Fuel Consumption Method (FCM) to estimate the CO2 emissions for a single fight or certain fleet. A carbon emissions evaluation system was developed, which based on the CORINAIR database, airport location database, and flight schedule database. After enter the origin and destination airports, the calculation for a single flight has been analysis, and from the statistic data of civil aviation in China, as the end of 2010, 175 transportation airports, 1880 scheduled routes of China's civil aviation industry had been included in the database of system, to achieve the regional carbon emissions evaluation. However, at present, the real-time monitoring the aircraft emissions in flight conditions is not possible, so, this paper will also give some advice on how to resolve this problem for further researcher.

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Jansen, A. S. P., X. V. Nguyen, V. Karpitskiy, T. C. Mettenleiter i A. D. Loewy. "Central Command Neurons of the Sympathetic Nervous System: Basis of the Fight-or-Flight Response". Science 270, nr 5236 (27.10.1995): 644–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.270.5236.644.

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Shen, Yingchun, Shuo Chang i Qiang Wei. "Fly-by-wire Flight Control Comparative Analysis of Resident and Detached Application Sources of Civil Aircraft". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2338, nr 1 (1.09.2022): 012092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2338/1/012092.

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Abstract Starting from the current multifunctional integration and architecture design development status of the flight control system for the mainstream civil aircraft, this paper proposes the system design concepts of “In and Out as a Whole”, “Direct Connection and Transmission”, and “Same Sources and Routes” for the external sensors application sources of the fight control system. External application sources are air data, inertial Reference data and angle of attack sensors in this paper, specifically. This paper analyzes and compares the functional residence and separation processing of external application sources for fly-by-wire flight control system. In addition, it demonstrates the correctness of this design concept and its practical engineering value, systematically. This work has provided a significant reference for future civil aircraft design.

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Gu, Simeng, Wei Wang, Fushun Wang i Jason H. Huang. "Neuromodulator and Emotion Biomarker for Stress Induced Mental Disorders". Neural Plasticity 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2609128.

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Affective disorders are a leading cause of disabilities worldwide, and the etiology of these many affective disorders such as depression and posttraumatic stress disorder is due to hormone changes, which includes hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in the peripheral nervous system and neuromodulators in the central nervous system. Consistent with pharmacological studies indicating that medical treatment acts by increasing the concentration of catecholamine, the locus coeruleus (LC)/norepinephrine (NE) system is regarded as a critical part of the central “stress circuitry,” whose major function is to induce “fight or flight” behavior and fear and anger emotion. Despite the intensive studies, there is still controversy about NE with fear and anger. For example, the rats with LC ablation were more reluctant to leave a familiar place and took longer to consume the food pellets in an unfamiliar place (neophobia, i.e., fear in response to novelty). The reason for this discrepancy might be that NE is not only for flight (fear), but also for fight (anger). Here, we try to review recent literatures about NE with stress induced emotions and their relations with mental disorders. We propose that stress induced NE release can induce both fear and anger. “Adrenaline rush or norepinephrine rush” and fear and anger emotion might act as biomarkers for mental disorders.

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Zhang, Shuang-biao, Xing-cheng Li i Zhong Su. "In-Flight Self-Alignment Method Aided by Geomagnetism for Moving Basement of Guided Munitions". Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/425698.

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Due to power-after-launch mode of guided munitions of high rolling speed, initial attitude of munitions cannot be determined accurately, and this makes it difficult for navigation and control system to work effectively and validly. An in-flight self-alignment method aided by geomagnetism that includes a fast in-flight coarse alignment method and an in-flight alignment model based on Kalman theory is proposed in this paper. Firstly a fast in-flight coarse alignment method is developed by using gyros, magnetic sensors, and trajectory angles. Then, an in-flight alignment model is derived by investigation of the measurement errors and attitude errors, which regards attitude errors as state variables and geomagnetic components in navigation frame as observed variables. Finally, fight data of a spinning projectile is used to verify the performance of the in-flight self-alignment method. The satisfying results show that (1) the precision of coarse alignment can attain below 5°; (2) the attitude errors by in-flight alignment model converge to 24′ at early of the latter half of the flight; (3) the in-flight alignment model based on Kalman theory has better adaptability, and show satisfying performance.

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Katz, Carmit, Noga Tsur, Anat Talmon i Racheli Nicolet. "Beyond fight, flight, and freeze: Towards a new conceptualization of peritraumatic responses to child sexual abuse based on retrospective accounts of adult survivors". Child Abuse & Neglect 112 (luty 2021): 104905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104905.

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Ghooshchianchoobmasjedi, S., i J. Hassani. "BAS, BIS and FFS in obsessive-compulsive patients". European Psychiatry 26, S2 (marzec 2011): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72674-8.

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IntroductionRecent research on the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has emphasis on the moderating effects of the brain behavioral mechanisms.ObjectivesThe main purpose of this research was to examine the Gray's brain behavioral systems (1994) among the obsessive-compulsive disordered patients.AimsMy aim of this research was to examine the Gray's brain behavioral systems (1994) among the obsessive-compulsive disordered patients.MethodsParticipants were included 20 obsessive-compulsive patients and 20 normal individuals who were selected respectively by available sampling and counter balance sampling methods on the basis of the age, sex and education variables. The average of participant's ages was 29/85 (SD = 7/37). All subjects were completed the Gray-Wilson Questionnaire and data were extracted for the three systems of BAS, BIS and FFS and also for its six measures of approach, active avoidance, passive avoidance, extinction, fight and flight separately.ResultsA multivariate analysis of variance, for comparing six measures of the Gray-Wilson questionnaire were shown significantly differences for Behavioral Activation System (BAS) and also for Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS). Pairwise comparisons were shown a higher Behavioral- Inhibition system (BIS) and a lower Behavioral- Activation system (BAS) in obsessive -compulsive patients than normal individuals. No significant difference was found for Fight- Flight system (FFS).ConclusionsThese results were suggested higher BIS and lower BAS activity as moderator of OCD. This results supported the reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) conveying a higher tendency to the punishment and elimination of the reward in anxious person as a consequence of Behavioral-Inhibition System (BIS).

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