Artykuły w czasopismach: „Flexible supercapacitors”

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Ren, Zhi Meng, Jian Yu Di, Zhen Kun Lei i Rui Mao. "Fabrication and Performance Test of Flexible Supercapacitors Based on Three-Dimensional Graphene Hydrogel". Materials Science Forum 1058 (5.04.2022): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-3juu45.

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Flexible supercapacitors have attracted more and more attention and research because they can be used as energy storage devices for future flexible electronic devices. In the existing research, graphene has been used to make supercapacitor electrodes, but usually these electrodes have very low specific capacitance or flexibility. Here, a three-dimensional graphene hydrogel for the fabrication of flexible supercapacitors was presented, and the preparation of flexible supercapacitors based on three-dimensional graphene hydrogels was given. Through the research, we find that the prepared flexible supercapacitor has excellent capacitance characteristics, such as high specific capacitance of 168F/g and excellent mechanical flexibility. This study shows that the three-dimensional graphene macro structure has great potential in the preparation of high-performance flexible energy storage devices.

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Li, Jing, Tongtong Xiao, Xiaoxi Yu i Mingyuan Wang. "Graphene-based composites for supercapacitors". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2393, nr 1 (1.12.2022): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2393/1/012005.

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Abstract Smart devices that are portable and wearable have advanced significantly over the years. Further research on compatible storage devices with tiny, light and flexible properties is required to make wearable electronic devices more versatile, lightweight, smart, and commercially viable. Because of their advantages of having a high-power density, long cycle longevity, superior mechanical strength, good safety, and ease of assembly, supercapacitors have sparked a great deal of interest. Nevertheless, if the conventional supercapacitor is distorted by an external force, the power storage qualities would be significantly diminished or perhaps even eliminated. The primary component of capacitors is the electrode material, hence it is essential to produce extremely flexible electrode materials with superior energy-storage capabilities. This study introduces the supercapacitor energy storage theory and the current state of graphene applications in flexible supercapacitors. Additionally, a succinct summary of the research on pseudo, double-layer, and asymmetric capacitors is provided. Future progress and the difficulties that flexible supercapacitor electrode materials still confront are explored.

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Lee, Jung Bae, Jina Jang, Haoyu Zhou, Yoonjae Lee i Jung Bin In. "Densified Laser-Induced Graphene for Flexible Microsupercapacitors". Energies 13, nr 24 (13.12.2020): 6567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246567.

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Microsupercapacitors have attracted significant attention due to several of their advantageous characteristics such as lightweight, small volume, and planar structure that is favorable for high mechanical flexibility. Among the various micro supercapacitor forms, those with laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes are promising as flexible energy storage devices. While LIG microelectrodes can be fabricated simply by direct laser writing, the capacitance and energy density of these devices are limited because of the relatively low density of LIG, which leads to low surface areas. These limitations could be overcome by densifying the LIG. Here, we report the use of densified laser-induced graphene (d-LIG) to fabricate flexible micro supercapacitors. Interdigitated d-LIG electrodes were prepared by duplicate laser pyrolysis of a polyimide sheet by using a CO2 laser. A PVA-H2SO4 gel-type electrolyte was then applied to the d-LIG electrode surface to assemble a d-LIG micro supercapacitor. This d-LIG micro supercapacitor exhibited substantially increased capacitance and energy density versus conventional low-density LIG micro supercapacitors. While the d-LIG electrode exhibited a substantial change in resistance when subjected to bending at a radius of 3 mm, the change in the capacitance of the d-LIG micro supercapacitor was negligible at the same bending radius due to reinforcement by the infiltrated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) electrolyte, demonstrating the potential application of d-LIG micro supercapacitors in wearable electronics.

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Qin, Leiqiang, Jianxia Jiang, Quanzheng Tao, Chuanfei Wang, Ingemar Persson, Mats Fahlman, Per O. Å. Persson, Lintao Hou, Johanna Rosen i Fengling Zhang. "A flexible semitransparent photovoltaic supercapacitor based on water-processed MXene electrodes". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, nr 11 (2020): 5467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta00687d.

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MXene based all-solution processed semitransparent flexible photovoltaic supercapacitor was fabricated by integrating the flexible organic photovoltaic with MXene as the electrode and transparent MXene supercapacitors in the vertical direction.

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Tadesse, Melkie Getnet, i Jörn Felix Lübben. "Review on Hydrogel-Based Flexible Supercapacitors for Wearable Applications". Gels 9, nr 2 (26.01.2023): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9020106.

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Smart hydrogels with high electrical conductivity, which can be a real source of power while also collecting and storing the diverse sources of energy with ultrahigh stretchability, strong self-healability, low-temperature tolerance, and excellent mechanical properties, are great value for tailored wearable cloths. Considerable effort has been dedicated in both scientific and technological developments of electroconductive hydrogels for supercapacitor applications in the past few decades. The key to realize those functionalities depends on the processing of hydrogels with desirable electrochemical properties. The various hydrogel materials with such properties are now emerging and investigated by various scholars. The last decade has witnessed the development of high-performance supercapacitors using hydrogels. Here, in this review, the current status of different hydrogels for the production of flexible supercapacitors has been discussed. The electrochemical properties such as capacitance, energy density and cycling ability has been given attention. Diverse hydrogels, with their composites such as carbon-based hydrogels, cellulose-based hydrogels, conductive-polymer-based hydrogels and other hydrogels with excellent electromechanical properties are summarized. One could argue that hydrogels have played a central, starring role for the assembly of flexible supercapacitors for energy storage applications. This work stresses the importance of producing flexible supercapacitors for wearable clothing applications and the current challenges of hydrogel-based supercapacitors. The results of the review depicted that hydrogels are the next materials for the production of the flexible supercapacitor in a more sustainable way.

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Pour, Ghobad Behzadi, Hassan Ashourifar, Leila Fekri Aval i Shahram Solaymani. "CNTs-Supercapacitors: A Review of Electrode Nanocomposites Based on CNTs, Graphene, Metals, and Polymers". Symmetry 15, nr 6 (1.06.2023): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15061179.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), due to mechanical, electrical, and surface area properties and their ability to adapt to different nanocomposite structures, are very substantial in supercapacitor electrodes. In this review, we have summarized high-performance, flexible, and symmetry CNT supercapacitors based on the CNTs/graphene, CNTs/metal, and CNTs/polymer electrodes. To present recent developments in CNT supercapacitors, we discuss the performance of supercapacitors based on electrical properties such as specific capacitance (SC), power and energy densities, and capacitance retention (CR). The comparison of supercapacitor nanocomposite electrodes and their results are reported for future researchers.

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Tadesse, Melkie Getnet, Esubalew Kasaw, Biruk Fentahun, Emil Loghin i Jörn Felix Lübben. "Banana Peel and Conductive Polymers-Based Flexible Supercapacitors for Energy Harvesting and Storage". Energies 15, nr 7 (28.03.2022): 2471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072471.

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Flexible supercapacitors are highly demanding due to their wearability, washability, lightweight property and rollability. In this paper, a comprehensive review on flexible supercapacitors based on conductive polymers such as polypyrrole (PPy), polyaniline (PANI) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxtthiophne)-polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). Methods of enhancing the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS polymer using various composites and chemical solutions have been reviewed in detail. Furthermore, supercapacitors based on carbonized banana peels and methods of activation have been discussed in point. This review covers the up-to-date progress achieved in conductive polymer-based materials for supercapacitor electrodes. The effect of various composites with PEDOT:PSS have been discussed. The review result indicated that flexible, stretchable, lightweight, washable, and disposable wearable electronics based on banana peel and conductive polymers are highly demanding.

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Shi, Shan, Chengjun Xu, Cheng Yang, Jia Li, Hongda Du, Baohua Li i Feiyu Kang. "Flexible supercapacitors". Particuology 11, nr 4 (sierpień 2013): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2012.12.004.

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Sembiring, Albert Willy Jonathan, i Afriyanti Sumboja. "Composite of graphene and in-situ polymerized polyaniline on carbon cloth substrate for flexible supercapacitor". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2243, nr 1 (1.06.2022): 012105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2243/1/012105.

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Abstract Flexible and lightweight energy storage is required for powering wearable electronic devices. Among the developed energy storage devices, supercapacitors have gained much interest as energy storage for wearable applications through their long cycle life and high power density. This work presents a flexible supercapacitor based on carbon cloth coated with graphene/polyaniline nanocomposite. Graphene/polyaniline nanocomposite is adopted as active material due to its high stability and the synergistic feature of pseudocapacitive and electrical double layer capacitance. The nanocomposite is synthesized from aniline and graphene in the sulfuric acid solution containing carbon cloth by chemical oxidative method, allowing the aniline to polymerize directly on the carbon cloth and graphene. Flexible supercapacitor devices with PVA/H2SO4 gel electrolyte exhibit an areal capacitance of 194.90 mF/cm2 at a scan rate of 5 mV/s. The device retains 77.21% of its initial capacitance after 500 cycles of cyclic voltammetry tests and exhibits a good performance during bending at 90° and 180°. This work demonstrates the potentials of carbon cloth-based supercapacitors for high-performance wearable supercapacitors.

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Lu, Yang, Weixiao Wang, Yange Wang, Menglong Zhao, Jinru Lv, Yan Guo, Yingge Zhang, Rongjie Luo i Xianming Liu. "Ultralight supercapacitors utilizing waste cotton pads for wearable energy storage". Dalton Transactions 47, nr 46 (2018): 16684–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt03997f.

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Ultralight, flexible and renewable supercapacitors based on MnO₂ nanosheets strongly coupled with a PPy layer coated on discarded cotton pads as electrodes have been developed. The flexible supercapacitor is ready for a potential application in wearable energy storage systems.

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Kurra, Narendra, S. Kiruthika i Giridhar U. Kulkarni. "Solution processed sun baked electrode material for flexible supercapacitors". RSC Adv. 4, nr 39 (2014): 20281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra02934h.

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Pd hexadecylthiolate decomposes under sunlight leading to a conducting nanocrystalline Pd–carbon composite. Thus formed films serve as supercapacitor electrodes. The organic precursor enables the fabrication of micro-supercapacitors using e-beam lithography.

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Du, Yongquan, Peng Xiao, Jian Yuan i Jianwen Chen. "Research Progress of Graphene-Based Materials on Flexible Supercapacitors". Coatings 10, nr 9 (18.09.2020): 892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10090892.

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With the development of wearable and flexible electronic devices, there is an increasing demand for new types of flexible energy storage power supplies. The flexible supercapacitor has the advantages of fast charging and discharging, high power density, long cycle life, good flexibility, and bendability. Therefore, it exhibits great potential for use in flexible electronics. In flexible supercapacitors, graphene materials are often used as electrode materials due to the advantages of their high specific surface area, high conductivity, good mechanical properties, etc. In this review, the classification of flexible electrodes and some common flexible substrates are firstly summarized. Secondly, we introduced the advantages and disadvantages of five graphene-based materials used in flexible supercapacitors, including graphene quantum dots (GQDs), graphene fibers (GFbs), graphene films (GFs), graphene hydrogels (GHs), and graphene aerogels (GAs). Then, we summarized the latest developments in the application of five graphene-based materials for flexible electrodes. Finally, the defects and outlooks of GQDs, GFbs, GFs, GHs, and GAs used in flexible electrodes are given.

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Vashishth, Ekta. "Biomass Derived Flexible Free-Standing Electrodes for a High Performance Supercapacitor". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, nr 1 (22.12.2023): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02121mtgabs.

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Global energy demand, the depletion of fossil fuels, and environmental deterioration have spurred a search for significant improvements in energy conversion and storage. The need for efficient methods of electrical energy storage for on-demand use is critical. Batteries and supercapacitors (SCs) are two of the main energy-storing technologies. SCs and batteries are frequently used in everyday items like smartphones, wearable electronics, electric cars, and portable electronic devices. Supercapacitors (SCs) continue to generate a lot of attention due to their higher energy storage capacity than conventional capacitors and faster rate performance than rechargeable batteries. Supercapacitors, on the other hand, have a high-power density (>10 kWkg-1), extended cycle stability, and an increased capacity for charging and discharging quickly. Supercapacitors are divided into two major categories: EDLC and pseudo-capacitors, depending on the charge storage mechanism. At the electrode-electrolyte contact in EDLC, a double layer of charge is created. Charge transfer reactions between the electrode and electrolyte cause pseudo-capacitance to arise. Compared to EDLCs, pseudocapacitive materials have a greater capacitance. Materials that are pseudo-capacitative include transition metal oxides (TMOs) like, Fe2O3, CoO, NiO, ZnO2, TiO2, and V2O5. which are good candidates for high-performance supercapacitors. Herein, we have proposed a pseudocapacitive material functionalized carbon fabrics produced from cellulosic-based biomass material as a free-standing electrode for supercapacitor application. The fibrous electrode not only provides good mechanical flexibility but also a large surface area for electron transportation in the charging-discharging process. An excellent specific capacitance of ~ 1024 Fg-1 was exhibited in the three-electrode system. An electrochemical study for a full-cell asymmetric supercapacitor was also carried out which showed that the electrodes have an appreciable energy density of ~ 32 Wh kg-1 at a power density of ~ 120 W kg-1. In addition, a flexible asymmetric supercapacitor was also fabricated. A specific capacitance of ~ 40 Fg-1 was achieved in the device. Also, after bending at different angles there was no change in the cyclic voltammetric curve, suggesting that functionalized carbon fabric has good flexibility. Keywords : Supercapacitor, Cellulosic material, Free-standing, Carbon fibre

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Qiu, Fulian, i David Harrison. "Multilayer supercapacitor threads for woven flexible circuits". Circuit World 41, nr 4 (2.11.2015): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-04-2015-0018.

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Purpose – Wearable electronic devices have emerged which require compact, flexible power storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors. Recently, energy storage devices have been developed based on supercapacitor threads. However, current supercapacitor energy storage threads which use electrolytes based on aqueous gels have a 1 V potential window. This is much lower than the voltage required by most electronic devices. This current contribution presents an approach for fabricating a multilayer supercapacitor working as a circuit unit, in which series combinations of the multiple layer structures can achieve a higher potential window, which can better meet the needs of wearable electronic devices. Design/methodology/approach – Two-capacitive layer thread supercapacitors were fabricated using a semi-automatic dip coating method by coating two capacitive layers sequentially on a 50 μm stainless steel core wire, each capacitive layer includes ink, aqueous-based gel electrolyte and silver conductive paint layers. Findings – Two capacitive layers of the single thread supercapacitor can work independently, or as combination circuits – parallel and series. Cyclic voltammograms showed that all flexible circuits have high electrochemical stability. For the case of series circuit configuration, with H3PO-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel electrolyte, a working potential window of 2 V was achieved. Originality/value – A flexible single thread supercapacitor of multilayer structure, with working voltage above 1 V in H3PO4-PVA gel electrolyte, has not been reported before. A semi-automatic dip coating setup used to process the thread supercapacitor has high potential for transfer to an industrial environment for mass production.

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Seo, Wonbin, Dongwoo Kim, Shihyeong Kim i Habeom Lee. "Electrodeposition of the MnO2 on the Ag/Au Core–Shell Nanowire and Its Application to the Flexible Supercapacitor". Materials 14, nr 14 (14.07.2021): 3934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14143934.

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Supercapacitors have received considerable attention as energy storage devices owing to their high power density, fast charge/discharge rate, and long cyclic life. Especially with an increasing demand for flexible and wearable devices, research on flexible supercapacitors has surged in recent years. The silver nanowire (Ag NW) network has been used as a flexible electrode owing to its excellent mechanical and electrical properties; however, its use as an electrode for flexible supercapacitors has been limited due to insufficient electrochemical stability. In this study, we proposed a method to resolve this issue. We employed a solution process that enabled the coating of the surface of Ag NW by a thin Au shell of ≈ 5 nm thickness, which significantly improved the electrochemical stability of the Ag NW network electrodes. Furthermore, we confirmed for the first time that MnO2, which is one of the most widely used capacitive materials, can be directly electroplated on the AACS NW network electrode. Finally, we fabricated a high-performance and flexible solid-state supercapacitor using the suggested Ag/Au/MnO2 core–shell NW network electrodes.

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Li, Li, Chen Chen, Jing Xie, Zehuai Shao i Fuxin Yang. "The Preparation of Carbon Nanotube/MnO2Composite Fiber and Its Application to Flexible Micro-Supercapacitor". Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/821071.

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In recent years, flexible electronic devices pursued for potential applications. The design and the fabrication of a novel flexible nanoarchitecture by coating electrical conductive MWCNT fiber with ultrathin films of MnO2to achieve high specific capacitance, for micro-supercapacitors electrode applications, are demonstrated here. The MWCNT/MnO2composite fiber electrode was prepared by the electrochemical deposition which was carried out through using two different methods: cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic methods. The cyclic voltammetry method can get “crumpled paper ball” morphology MnO2which has bigger specific capacitances than that achieved by potentiostatic method. The flexible micro-supercapacitor was fabricated by twisting two aligned MWCNT fibers and showed an area specific capacitance of 2.43 mF/cm2. The flexible micro-supercapacitors also enable promising applications in various fields.

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Wang, Xiaonan, Peiquan Xu, Pengyu Zhang i Shuyue Ma. "Preparation of Electrode Materials Based on Carbon Cloth via Hydrothermal Method and Their Application in Supercapacitors". Materials 14, nr 23 (24.11.2021): 7148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237148.

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Supercapacitors have the unique advantages of high power density, fast charge and discharge rates, long cycle life, high safety, and reliability, and are increasingly being used for applications including automobiles, rail transit, communication equipment, digital electronics, and aerospace equipment. The supercapacitor industry is currently in a stage of rapid development; great breakthroughs have also been made in improving the performance of supercapacitors and the expansion of their application. Electrode technology is the core of supercapacitors. Transition-metal compounds have a relatively high theoretical capacity and have received widespread attention as electrode materials for supercapacitors. In addition, there is a synergistic effect between the different components of various electrode composite materials. Due to their superior electrochemical performance, supercapacitors are receiving increasing research attention. Flexible supercapacitors have been hailed for their good plasticity, resulting in a development boom. This review article mainly outlines the development process of various electrode materials, including carbon materials, conductive polymers, metal compounds, and composite materials, as well as flexible electrode materials based on carbon cloth.

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Yong, Sheng, Nicholas Hiller, Kai Yang i Stephen Beeby. "Integrated Flexible Textile Supercapacitor Fabricated in a Polyester-Cotton Fabric". Proceedings 32, nr 1 (11.12.2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019032015.

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This paper reports the design fabrication and characterization of a flexible supercapacitor fabricated in a single layer of polyester-cotton fabric. The fabric and flexible supercapacitors were implemented with spray coated inexpensive carbon electrodes and low hazardous ionic liquid electrolyte. The encapsulated devices demonstrated an area capacitance of 20.6 mF·cm−2.

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Aadil, Muhammad, Anmar Ghanim Taki, Sonia Zulfiqar, Abdur Rahman, Muhammad Shahid, Muhammad Farooq Warsi, Zubair Ahmad, Asma A. Alothman i Saikh Mohammad. "Gadolinium doped zinc ferrite nanoarchitecture reinforced with a carbonaceous matrix: a novel hybrid material for next-generation flexible capacitors". RSC Advances 13, nr 40 (2023): 28063–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra05290g.

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Gd-doped and CNT-reinforced electroactive material was supported on Al-foil to form flexible electrodes for supercapacitors. The hybrid material showed excellent electrochemical activities beneficial for next-generation supercapacitor applications.

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Yong, Sheng, Stephen Beeby i Kai Yang. "Flexible Supercapacitor Fabricated on a Polyester-Cotton Textile". Proceedings 68, nr 1 (11.01.2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2021068007.

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This paper reports the design, fabrication and characterization of a flexible supercapacitor on top of a polyester-cotton textile. The textile-based, flexible supercapacitors were implemented with inexpensive screen-printed carbon black electrodes, an integrated polymer separator and a nonhazardous organic electrolyte. The encapsulated devices demonstrated area capacitance of 0.54 mF·cm−2.

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Yong, Sheng, Stephen Beeby i Kai Yang. "Flexible Supercapacitor Fabricated on a Polyester-Cotton Textile". Proceedings 68, nr 1 (11.01.2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2021068007.

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This paper reports the design, fabrication and characterization of a flexible supercapacitor on top of a polyester-cotton textile. The textile-based, flexible supercapacitors were implemented with inexpensive screen-printed carbon black electrodes, an integrated polymer separator and a nonhazardous organic electrolyte. The encapsulated devices demonstrated area capacitance of 0.54 mF·cm−2.

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Hui, Chi-yuen, Chi-wai Kan, Chee-leung Mak i Kam-hong Chau. "Flexible Energy Storage System—An Introductory Review of Textile-Based Flexible Supercapacitors". Processes 7, nr 12 (4.12.2019): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7120922.

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Recently, researchers have become interested in exploring applications of rechargeable battery storage technology in different disciplines, which can help our daily life, such as textile-based supercapacitors. This paper briefly describes this development and classification of supercapacitors. Besides, various types of materials which are commonly used to prepare supercapacitors, such as carbons, metal oxides, alkaline earth metal salts and polymers, are introduced. Moreover, applications and methodology to prepare textile materials with supercapacitors are described. Finally, the commonly used non-destructive measuring methods for textile-based supercapacitors are also introduced.

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Chen, Qiao, Xinming Li, Xiaobei Zang, Yachang Cao, Yijia He, Peixu Li, Kunlin Wang, Jinquan Wei, Dehai Wu i Hongwei Zhu. "Effect of different gel electrolytes on graphene-based solid-state supercapacitors". RSC Adv. 4, nr 68 (2014): 36253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra05553e.

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Flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors based on graphene films with different gel electrolytes are demonstrated. During the bending and cycling of graphene-based solid-state supercapacitor, the stability was maintained without sacrificing the electrochemical performance.

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Liu, Ruixue, Wenkang Liu, Jichao Chen, Xiangli Bian, Kaiqi Fan, Junhong Zhao i Xiaojing Zhang. "Acrylate Copolymer-Reinforced Hydrogel Electrolyte for Strain Sensors and Flexible Supercapacitors". Batteries 9, nr 6 (31.05.2023): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9060304.

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Ionic conductive hydrogels with good conductivity and biocompatibility have become one of the research highlights in the field of wearable flexible sensors and supercapacitors. In this work, poly(methacrylic acid–methyl methacrylate)-reinforced poly(sodium acrylate–vinyl phosphonic acid) composite hydrogels (P(AAS-VPA)/PMMS) were designed and tested for strain sensor or supercapacitor applications. The results showed recoverability for 20 cycles of tension and compression experiments, an excellent breaking strain of 2079%, and ionic conductivity of 0.045 S·cm−1, demonstrating strong support for the application of the P(AAS-VPA)/PMMS hydrogel in strain sensors and supercapacitors. The composite hydrogel exhibited outstanding sensing and monitoring capability with high sensitivity (GF = 4.0). The supercapacitor based on the P(AAS-VPA)/PMMS composite hydrogel showed excellent capacitance performance (area capacitance 100.8 mF·cm−2 and energy density 8.96 μWh·cm−2) at ambient temperature and even −30 °C (25.3 mF·cm−2 and 2.25 μWh·cm−2). The hydrogel has stable electrochemical stability (1000 cycles, Coulomb efficiency > 97%) and exhibits electrochemical properties similar to those in the normal state under different deformations. The excellent results demonstrate the great potential of the P(AAS-VPA)/PMMS composite hydrogel in the field of strain sensors and flexible supercapacitors.

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Sung, Joo-Hwan, Se-Joon Kim, Soo-Hwan Jeong, Eun-Ha Kim i Kun-Hong Lee. "Flexible micro-supercapacitors". Journal of Power Sources 162, nr 2 (listopad 2006): 1467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.07.073.

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Zhang, Jianfeng, Mujun Chen, Yunwang Ge i Qi Liu. "Manganese Oxide on Carbon Fabric for Flexible Supercapacitors". Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2870761.

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We report the fabrication of uniform large-area manganese oxide (MnO2) nanosheets on carbon fabric which oxidized using O2plasma treatment (MnO2/O2-carbon fabric) via electrodeposition process and their implementation as supercapacitor electrodes. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that MnO2/O2-carbon fabric exhibited capacitance as high as 275 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s; in addition, it showed an excellent cycling performance (less than 20% capacitance loss after 10,000 cycles). All the results suggest that MnO2/O2-carbon fabric is a promising electrode material which has great potential for application on flexible supercapacitors.

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Kumar, Prajwal, Eduardo Di Mauro, Shiming Zhang, Alessandro Pezzella, Francesca Soavi, Clara Santato i Fabio Cicoira. "Melanin-based flexible supercapacitors". Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, nr 40 (2016): 9516–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc03739a.

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Biocompatible and biodegradable materials that store electrochemical energy are attractive candidates for applications in bioelectronics and electronics for everywhere. We report on the discovery of the energy storage properties of the pigment melanin in supercapacitors and flexible micro-supercapacitors.

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Javaid, A., KKC Ho, A. Bismarck, JHG Steinke, MSP Shaffer i ES Greenhalgh. "Improving the multifunctional behaviour of structural supercapacitors by incorporating chemically activated carbon fibres and mesoporous silica particles as reinforcement". Journal of Composite Materials 52, nr 22 (14.03.2018): 3085–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318761216.

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Novel structural supercapacitors have been fabricated which can simultaneously carry mechanical loads as well as store electrochemical energy. Structural supercapacitors are fabricated by impregnating activated carbon fibre mat electrodes and glass fibre mat separator with crosslinked polymer electrolytes using the resin infusion under flexible tooling method. Mesoporous silica particles are also used as reinforcements to further improve the electrochemical and mechanical performance of structural supercapacitors. The fabricated structural supercapacitors have been characterised through chronoamperometry method and impedance spectroscopy to evaluate the electrochemical performance and in-plane shear properties to evaluate the mechanical performance. A multifunctional structural supercapacitor, exhibiting simultaneously a power density of 34 W kg−1, an energy density of 0.12 Wh kg−1 and a shear modulus of 1.75 GPa, has been fabricated.

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Hao, Yu-Chuan, Nurzal Nurzal, Hung-Hua Chien, Chen-Yu Liao, Fei-Hong Kuok, Cheng-Chen Yang, Jian-Zhang Chen i Ing-Song Yu. "Application of Atmospheric-Pressure-Plasma-Jet Modified Flexible Graphite Sheets in Reduced-Graphene-Oxide/Polyaniline Supercapacitors". Polymers 12, nr 6 (28.05.2020): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12061228.

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In this study, flexible and low-cost graphite sheets modified by atmospheric pressure plasma jet are applied to reduced-graphene-oxide/polyaniline supercapacitors. Surface treatment by atmospheric pressure plasma jet can make the hydrophobic surface of graphite into a hydrophilic surface and improve the adhesion of the screen-printed reduced-graphene-oxide/polyaniline on the graphite sheets. After the fabrication of reduced-graphene-oxide/polyaniline supercapacitors with polyvinyl alcohol/H2SO4 gel electrolyte, pseudo-capacitance and electrical double capacitance can be clearly identified by the measurement of cyclic voltammetry. The fabricated supercapacitor exhibits specific capacitance value of 227.32 F/g and areal capacitance value of 28.37 mF/cm2 with a potential scan rate of 2 mV/s. Meanwhile, the capacitance retention rate can reach 86.9% after 1000-cycle cyclic voltammetry test. A light-emitting diode can be lit by the fabricated reduced-graphene-oxide/polyaniline supercapacitors, which confirms that the supercapacitors function well and can potentially be used in a circuit.

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Deepak, Nav, Arun Kumar, Shobha Shukla i Sumit Saxena. "Multi-Parameter Optimization of Siloxene-PANI Composites for High-Performance and Flexible Energy Storage Application". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, nr 1 (22.12.2023): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-0219mtgabs.

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The development of high-performance energy storage devices is crucial for various applications, such as electric vehicles, portable electronics, and renewable energy systems. Supercapacitors have emerged as a promising technology due to their high power density and long cycle life. However, their low energy density has limited their widespread application. To address this limitation, researchers have been exploring various strategies, including the use of new electrode materials and optimized electrode design. In this study, a high-energy-density energy storage device was developed using a composite material composed of siloxene and polyaniline (PANI) for flexible supercapacitor designs. Here, optimized material's surface area, pore distribution, and electronic transition, achieving a specific capacitance of 483 F/g at 1A/g in a three-electrode system using a 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. The optimized material also exhibited a retention rate of 92.6% at 5A/g. The optimized siloxene-PANI composite material was then used to fabricate a flexible asymmetrical supercapacitor (SiP4//AC). The supercapacitor exhibited a high energy density of 19.7 Wh/kg at a power density of 248 W/kg, with a cyclic stability of 90.26% and a coulombic efficiency of 97%. The flexible design of the supercapacitor using the siloxene-PANI composite material allowed for its use in wearable electronics and other applications requiring high-performance, flexible energy storage devices. The study provides valuable insights into the development of energy storage devices with high energy density and high power density, which will pave the way for the practical application of supercapacitors in various fields.

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Han, Yurim, Heebo Ha, Chunghyeon Choi, Hyungsub Yoon, Paolo Matteini, Jun Young Cheong i Byungil Hwang. "Review of Flexible Supercapacitors Using Carbon Nanotube-Based Electrodes". Applied Sciences 13, nr 5 (4.03.2023): 3290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13053290.

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Carbon nanotube (CNT)-based electrodes in flexible supercapacitors have received significant attention in recent years. Carbon nanotube fiber fabrics (CNT-FF) have emerged as promising materials due to their high surface area, excellent conductivity, and mechanical strength. Researchers have attempted to improve the energy density and rate performance of CNT-FF supercapacitor electrodes through various strategies, such as functionalization with conductive materials like MnO2 nanoparticles and/or incorporation of graphene into them. In addition, the utilization of CNTs in combination with thin metal film electrodes has also gained widespread attention. Research has focused on enhancing electrochemical performance through functionalizing CNTs with conductive materials such as graphene and metal nanoparticles, or by controlling their morphology. This review paper will discuss the recent developments in supercapacitor technology utilizing carbon nanotube-based electrodes, including CNT fiber fabrics and CNTs on thin metal film electrodes. Various strategies employed for improving energy storage performance and the strengths and weaknesses of these strategies will be discussed. Finally, the paper will conclude with a discussion on the challenges that need to be addressed in order to realize the full potential of carbon nanotube-based electrodes in supercapacitor technology.

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Zheng, Bingna, Tieqi Huang, Liang Kou, Xiaoli Zhao, Karthikeyan Gopalsamy i Chao Gao. "Graphene fiber-based asymmetric micro-supercapacitors". J. Mater. Chem. A 2, nr 25 (2014): 9736–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta01868k.

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Fiber-based asymmetric micro-supercapacitor (F-asym-mSC) is assembled by core–sheath graphene fiber decorated by MnO₂as the positive electrode and graphene-carbon nanotubes hybrid fiber as the negative electrode. The F-asym-mSC shows the highest energy density (11.9 μWh cm⁻²) for fiber-based supercapacitors and paves the way to high energy density, wearable, and flexible electronic devices.

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Sagu, Jagdeep S., Nicola York, Darren Southee i K. G. U. Wijayantha. "Printed electrodes for flexible, light-weight solid-state supercapacitors – a feasibility study". Circuit World 41, nr 2 (5.05.2015): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-01-2015-0004.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on the feasibility of the manufacture of printed rechargeable power sources incorporating, in the first instance, electrode structures from the previous study, and moving on to improved electrode structures fabricated, via flexographic printing, using commercially available inks. It has been shown previously that offset lithography, a common printing technique, can be used to make electrodes for energy storage devices such as primary cells. Design/methodology/approach – A pair of the original Ag/C electrodes, printed via offset lithography, were sandwiched together with a PVA-KOH gel electrolyte and then sealed. The resultant structures were characterised using electrochemical techniques and the performance as supercapacitors assessed. Following these studies, electrode structures of the same dimensions, consisting of two layers, a silver-based current collector covered with a high surface area carbon layer, were printed flexographically, using inks, on a melinex substrate. The characterisation and assessment of these structures, as supercapacitors, was determined. Findings – It was found that the supercapacitors constructed using the offset lithographic electrodes exhibited a capacitance of 0.72 mF/cm2 and had an equivalent series resistance of 3.96 Ω. The structures fabricated via flexography exhibited a capacitance of 4 mF/cm2 and had an equivalent series resistance of 1.25 Ω The supercapacitor structures were subjected to bending and rolling tests to determine device performance under deformation and stress. It was found that supercapacitor performance was not significantly reduced by bending or rolling. Originality/value – This paper provides insight into the use of printed silver/carbon electrodes within supercapacitor structures and compares the performance of devices fabricated using inks for offset lithographic printing presses and those made using commercially available inks for flexographic printing. The potential viability of such structures for low-end and cheap energy storage devices is demonstrated.

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Jin, Guimei, Zhiyuan Duan, Zhiwei Dong i Qihang Zhou. "Solid-state supercapacitors based on different electrolytes: structural characteristics and comparative performance". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2855, nr 1 (1.09.2024): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2855/1/012009.

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Abstract Solid-state supercapacitors bring huge potential for the next generation of energy storage systems and are especially significant for portable and wearable electronic devices, medical equipment, and smart textiles. This paper provides a concise overview of the device mechanism while discussing the developing status of solid-state supercapacitor electrolytes. The performance evaluation of solid-state supercapacitors is reviewed and compared based on their energy storage characteristics and electrode types (e.g., freestanding, fibre-based, and flexible), followed by an exploration of future research directions and key technical challenges in this field.

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Shao, Yuanlong, Jianmin Li, Yaogang Li, Hongzhi Wang, Qinghong Zhang i Richard B. Kaner. "Flexible quasi-solid-state planar micro-supercapacitor based on cellular graphene films". Mater. Horiz. 4, nr 6 (2017): 1145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7mh00441a.

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Quasi-solid-state micro-supercapacitors with cellular graphene film as the active material and polyvinyl alcohol/H₃PO₄as the gel electrolyte have been fabricated. The 3D porous graphene films not only serve as high performance supercapacitor electrodes, but also provide an abundant ion reservoir for the gel electrolyte.

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Dai, Shuge, Hengyu Guo, Mingjun Wang, Jianlin Liu, Guo Wang, Chenguo Hu i Yi Xi. "A Flexible micro-supercapacitor based on a pen ink-carbon fiber thread". J. Mater. Chem. A 2, nr 46 (2014): 19665–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta03442b.

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A highly flexible micro-supercapacitor based on a pen ink-carbon-fiber thread structure is fabricated with excellent characteristics of lightweight, small volume, flexibility and portability. By integrating with a triboelectric nanogenarator, the micro-supercapacitors are charged and used to power LEDs, demonstrating its feasibility as an efficient storage component for self-powered micro/nanosystems.

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Kim, Inkyum, Su Thiri San, Avinash C. Mendhe, Suprimkumar D. Dhas, Seung-Bae Jeon i Daewon Kim. "Rheological and Electrochemical Properties of Biodegradable Chia Mucilage Gel Electrolyte Applied to Supercapacitor". Batteries 9, nr 10 (17.10.2023): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9100512.

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The flexible energy storage device of high demand in wearable and portable electronics. Flexible supercapacitors have benefits over flexible batteries, and their development relies on the use of flexible components. Gel polymer electrolytes have the merits of liquid and solid electrolytes and are used in flexible devices. In this study, a gel derived from chia seed was used as a flexible electrolyte material, and its rheological, thermal, and electrochemical properties were investigated. High thermal stability and shear thinning behavior were observed via the electrolyte state of the chia mucilage gel. Compared to the conventional salt electrolyte, the chia mucilage gel electrolyte-based supercapacitor exhibited a more rectangular cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve, longer discharging time in galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) analysis, and low charge transfer resistance in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The maximum specific capacitance of 7.77 F g−1 and power density of 287.7 W kg−1 were measured, and stable capacitance retention of 94% was achieved after 10,000 cycles of charge/discharge with harsh input conditions. The biodegradability was also confirmed by the degraded mucilage film in soil after 30 days. The plant-driven chia mucilage gel electrolyte can facilitate the realization of flexible supercapacitors for the energy storage devices of the future.

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Jang, Seohyeon, Jihyeon Kang, Soyul Kwak, Myeong-Lok Seol, M. Meyyappan i Inho Nam. "Methodologies for Fabricating Flexible Supercapacitors". Micromachines 12, nr 2 (7.02.2021): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12020163.

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The spread of wearable and flexible electronics devices has been accelerating in recent years for a wide range of applications. Development of an appropriate flexible power source to operate these flexible devices is a key challenge. Supercapacitors are attractive for powering portable lightweight consumer devices due to their long cycle stability, fast charge-discharge cycle, outstanding power density, wide operating temperatures and safety. Much effort has been devoted to ensure high mechanical and electrochemical stability upon bending, folding or stretching and to develop flexible electrodes, substrates and overall geometrically-flexible structures. Supercapacitors have attracted considerable attention and shown many applications on various scales. In this review, we focus on flexible structural design under six categories: paper-like, textile-like, wire-like, origami, biomimetics based design and micro-supercapacitors. Finally, we present our perspective of flexible supercapacitors and emphasize current technical difficulties to stimulate further research.

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Mokrani, Zahra, Adel Oubelaid, Djamila Rekioua, Toufik Rekioua, Shwetank Avikal i Mohit Bajaj. "Enhanced Energy Management Strategy for Standalone Systems Integrating Fuel Cells, Batteries, and Supercapacitors". E3S Web of Conferences 564 (2024): 08001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202456408001.

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Hybrid systems combining fuel cells with battery and supercapacitor storage offer a promising solution for efficient and flexible energy management. Fuel cells, which convert chemical energy into electrical energy, provide a clean and sustainable power source but face challenges like slow response times and limited power density. Integrating batteries and supercapacitors addresses these issues: batteries offer high energy density and stable power supply over longer durations, while supercapacitors deliver rapid bursts of energy and quick charge-discharge cycles. Effective power management in hybrid fuel cell systems is crucial for maximizing efficiency, performance, and lifespan while ensuring reliable energy supply. The hybrid system consists of a PEM fuel cell, batteries, and a supercapacitor (SC) and introduces a power management strategy to ensure the supply of the load.

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He, Qi, i Xiang Wu. "Ni3S2@NiMo-LDH Composite for Flexible Hybrid Capacitors". Batteries 10, nr 7 (26.06.2024): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries10070230.

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Ni3S2 is a kind of transition metal sulfide (TMD) with excellent electrical conductivity and electrochemical activity. To further enhance the specific capacity of Ni3S2-based supercapacitors, we synthesize several nanosheet-decorated Ni3S2@NiMo-LDH nanostructures by a combination of hydrothermal and electrodeposition processes. The mesoporous structure provides a large number of electroactive sites, which shortens the charge transfer distance and increases the specific surface area of electrode materials. The assembled asymmetric supercapacitor shows an energy density of 62.8 W h kg−1 at 2701.6 W kg−1 and long-term cycling stability.

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Forouzandeh, Parnia, Vignesh Kumaravel i Suresh C. Pillai. "Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors: A Review of Recent Advances". Catalysts 10, nr 9 (26.08.2020): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10090969.

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The advanced electrochemical properties, such as high energy density, fast charge–discharge rates, excellent cyclic stability, and specific capacitance, make supercapacitor a fascinating electronic device. During recent decades, a significant amount of research has been dedicated to enhancing the electrochemical performance of the supercapacitors through the development of novel electrode materials. In addition to highlighting the charge storage mechanism of the three main categories of supercapacitors, including the electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), pseudocapacitors, and the hybrid supercapacitors, this review describes the insights of the recent electrode materials (including, carbon-based materials, metal oxide/hydroxide-based materials, and conducting polymer-based materials, 2D materials). The nanocomposites offer larger SSA, shorter ion/electron diffusion paths, thus improving the specific capacitance of supercapacitors (SCs). Besides, the incorporation of the redox-active small molecules and bio-derived functional groups displayed a significant effect on the electrochemical properties of electrode materials. These advanced properties provide a vast range of potential for the electrode materials to be utilized in different applications such as in wearable/portable/electronic devices such as all-solid-state supercapacitors, transparent/flexible supercapacitors, and asymmetric hybrid supercapacitors.

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Li, Qi, Michael Horn, Yinong Wang, Jennifer MacLeod, Nunzio Motta i Jinzhang Liu. "A Review of Supercapacitors Based on Graphene and Redox-Active Organic Materials". Materials 12, nr 5 (27.02.2019): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12050703.

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Supercapacitors are a highly promising class of energy storage devices due to their high power density and long life cycle. Conducting polymers (CPs) and organic molecules are potential candidates for improving supercapacitor electrodes due to their low cost, large specific pseudocapacitance and facile synthesis methods. Graphene, with its unique two-dimensional structure, shows high electrical conductivity, large specific surface area and outstanding mechanical properties, which makes it an excellent material for lithium ion batteries, fuel cells and supercapacitors. The combination of CPs and graphene as electrode material is expected to boost the properties of supercapacitors. In this review, we summarize recent reports on three different CP/graphene composites as electrode materials for supercapacitors, discussing synthesis and electrochemical performance. Novel flexible and wearable devices based on CP/graphene composites are introduced and discussed, with an eye to recent developments and challenges for future research directions.

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Ray, Apurba, Delale Korkut i Bilge Saruhan. "Efficient Flexible All-Solid Supercapacitors with Direct Sputter-Grown Needle-Like Mn/MnOx@Graphite-Foil Electrodes and PPC-Embedded Ionic Electrolytes". Nanomaterials 10, nr 9 (7.09.2020): 1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10091768.

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Recent critical issues regarding next-generation energy storage systems concern the cost-effective production of lightweight, safe and flexible supercapacitors yielding high performances, such as high energy and power densities as well as a long cycle life. Thus, current research efforts are concentrated on the development of high-performance advance electrode materials with high capacitance and excellent stability and solid electrolytes that confer flexibility and safety features. In this work, emphasis is placed on the binder-free, needle-like nanostructured Mn/MnOx layers grown onto graphite-foil deposited by reactive sputtering technique and to the polymer gel embedded ionic electrolytes, which are to be employed as new flexible pseudocapacitive supercapacitor components. Microstructural, morphological and compositional analysis of the layers has been investigated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE–SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A flexible lightweight symmetric pouch-cell solid-state supercapacitor device is fabricated by sandwiching a PPC-embedded ionic liquid ethyl-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (EMIM)(TFSI) polymer gel electrolyte (PGE) between two Mn/MnOx@Graphite-foil electrodes and tested to exhibit promising supercapacitive behaviour with a wide stable electrochemical potential window (up to 2.2 V) and long-cycle stability. This pouch-cell supercapacitor device offers a maximum areal capacitance of 11.71 mF/cm2@ 0.03 mA/cm2 with maximum areal energy density (Ea) of 7.87 mWh/cm2 and areal power density (Pa) of 1099.64 mW/cm2, as well as low resistance, flexibility and good cycling stability. This supercapacitor device is also environmentally safe and could be operated under a relatively wide potential window without significant degradation of capacitance performance compared to other reported values. Overall, these rationally designed flexible symmetric all-solid-state supercapacitors signify a new promising and emerging candidate for component integrated storage of renewable energy harvested current.

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Zhang, Ye, i Rajesh Rajamani. "High-voltage thin-film supercapacitor with nano-structured electrodes and novel architecture". TECHNOLOGY 04, nr 01 (marzec 2016): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2339547816200016.

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With increasing interest in wearable sensors and electronics, there is an increasing need for thin-film electrical energy storage devices such as flexible solid state supercapacitors. A thin solid state multi-cell supercapacitor of high operating voltage and high areal energy density that utilizes a graphene and carbon nanotube (CNT) composite for electrodes is presented. The supercapacitor can be fabricated with just wet coating and laser reduction processes which can be easily scaled to make larger devices.

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Mladenova, Borislava, Mariela Dimitrova i Antonia Stoyanova. "MnO2/AgNPs Composite as Flexible Electrode Material for Solid-State Hybrid Supercapacitor". Batteries 10, nr 4 (5.04.2024): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries10040122.

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A MnO2/AgNP nanocomposite was synthesized using a sonochemical method and investigated as an electrode material in a solid-state hybrid supercapacitor. Aquivion’s sodium and lithium electrolyte membrane serves as an electrolyte and separator. For comparison, MnO2 was used as the active material. The developed supercapacitor containing a carbon xerogel as a negative electrode, the MnO2/AgNP composite as a positive electrode and a Na+-exchange membrane demonstrated the highest performance characteristics. These results indicate that the incorporation of silver nanoparticles into the MnO2 structure is a prospect for obtaining an active composite electrode material for solid-state supercapacitors.

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Hu, Wenxin, Ruifang Xiang, Jiaxian Lin, Yu Cheng i Chunhong Lu. "Lignocellulosic Biomass-Derived Carbon Electrodes for Flexible Supercapacitors: An Overview". Materials 14, nr 16 (14.08.2021): 4571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164571.

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With the increasing demand for high-performance electronic devices in smart textiles, various types of flexible/wearable electronic device (i.e., supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, etc.) have emerged regularly. As one of the most promising wearable devices, flexible supercapacitors from a variety of electrode materials have been developed. In particular, carbon materials from lignocellulosic biomass precursor have the characteristics of low cost, natural abundance, high specific surface area, excellent electrochemical stability, etc. Moreover, their chemical structures usually contain a large number of heteroatomic groups, which greatly contribute to the capacitive performance of the corresponding flexible supercapacitors. This review summarizes the working mechanism, configuration of flexible electrodes, conversion of lignocellulosic biomass-derived carbon electrodes, and their corresponding electrochemical properties in flexible/wearable supercapacitors. Technology challenges and future research trends will also be provided.

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Liu, Lianmei, Wei Weng, Jing Zhang, Xunliang Cheng, Ning Liu, Junjie Yang i Xin Ding. "Flexible supercapacitor with a record high areal specific capacitance based on a tuned porous fabric". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, nr 33 (2016): 12981–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta04911g.

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A general and effective strategy was developed to fabricate flexible supercapacitors by using a tuned porous fabric as the substrate to deposit active materials such as poly (pyrrole) with a high mass loading of 12.3 mg cm⁻². A record high areal specific capacitance of 4117 mF cm⁻² was achieved in the resulting supercapacitor fabric.

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Xun, Ni, Gao, Zhang, Gu i Huo. "Construction of Polymer Electrolyte Based on Soybean Protein Isolate and Hydroxyethyl Cellulose for a Flexible Solid-State Supercapacitor". Polymers 11, nr 11 (17.11.2019): 1895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11111895.

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Supercapacitors are a very active research topic. However, liquid electrolytes present several drawbacks on security and packaging. Herein, a gel polymer electrolyte was prepared based on crosslinked renewable and environmentally friendly soybean protein isolate (SPI) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) with 1.0 mol L−1 Li2SO4. Highly hydrophilic SPI and HEC guaranteed a high ionic conductivity of 8.40 × 10−3 S cm−1. The fabricated solid-state supercapacitor with prepared gel polymer electrolyte exhibited a good electrochemical performance, that is, a high single electrode gravimetric capacitance of 91.79 F g−1 and an energy density of 7.17 W h kg−1 at a current density of 5.0 A g−1. The fabricated supercapacitor exhibited a flexible performance under bending condition superior to liquid supercapacitor and similar electrochemical performance at various bending angles. In addition, it was proved by an almost 100% cycling retention and a coulombic efficiency over 5000 charge–discharge cycles. For comparison, supercapacitors assembled with commercial aqueous PP/PE separator, pure SPI membrane, and crosslinked SPI membrane were also characterized. The obtained gel polymer electrolyte based on crosslinked SPI and HEC may be useful for the design of advanced polymer electrolytes for energy devices.

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Novakov, Christo, Radostina Kalinova, Svetlana Veleva, Filip Ublekov, Ivaylo Dimitrov i Antonia Stoyanova. "Flexible Polymer-Ionic Liquid Films for Supercapacitor Applications". Gels 9, nr 4 (16.04.2023): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9040338.

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Mechanically and thermally stable novel gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) have been prepared and applied in supercapacitor cells. Quasi-solid and flexible films were prepared by solution casting technique and formulated by immobilization of ionic liquids (ILs) differing in their aggregate state. A crosslinking agent and a radical initiator were added to further stabilize them. The physicochemical characteristics of the obtained crosslinked films show that the realized cross-linked structure contributes to their improved mechanical and thermal stability, as well as an order of magnitude higher conductivity than that of the non-crosslinked ones. The obtained GPEs were electrochemically tested as separator in symmetric and hybrid supercapacitor cells and showed good and stable performance in the investigated systems. The crosslinked film is suitable for use as both separator and electrolyte and is promising for the development of high-temperature solid-state supercapacitors with improved capacitance characteristics.

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Simonenko, Tatiana L., Nikolay P. Simonenko, Philipp Yu Gorobtsov, Elizaveta P. Simonenko i Nikolay T. Kuznetsov. "Current Trends and Promising Electrode Materials in Micro-Supercapacitor Printing". Materials 16, nr 18 (9.09.2023): 6133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16186133.

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The development of scientific and technological foundations for the creation of high-performance energy storage devices is becoming increasingly important due to the rapid development of microelectronics, including flexible and wearable microelectronics. Supercapacitors are indispensable devices for the power supply of systems requiring high power, high charging-discharging rates, cyclic stability, and long service life and a wide range of operating temperatures (from −40 to 70 °C). The use of printing technologies gives an opportunity to move the production of such devices to a new level due to the possibility of the automated formation of micro-supercapacitors (including flexible, stretchable, wearable) with the required type of geometric implementation, to reduce time and labour costs for their creation, and to expand the prospects of their commercialization and widespread use. Within the framework of this review, we have focused on the consideration of the key commonly used supercapacitor electrode materials and highlighted examples of their successful printing in the process of assembling miniature energy storage devices.

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