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Wietfeldt, R., W. Van Straten, D. Del Rizzo, N. Bartel, W. Cannon, M. Bailes, J. Reynolds i W. Wilson. "The S2 Baseband Processing System for Phase-coherent Pulsar Observations". International Astronomical Union Colloquium 160 (1996): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100040926.
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AbstractThe phase-coherent recording of pulsar data and subsequent software dispersion removal provide a flexible way to reach the limits of high time resolution, useful for more precise pulse timing and the study of fast signal fluctuations within a pulse. Because of the huge data rate and lack of adequate recording and computing capabilities, this technique has been used mostly only for small pulsar data sets. In recent years, however, the development of very capable, reasonably inexpensive high-speed recording systems and computers has made feasible the notion of pulsar baseband recording and subsequent processing with a workstation/computer. In this paper we discuss the development of a phase-coherent baseband processing system for radio pulsar observations. This system is based on the S2 VLBI recorder developed at ISTS/York University in Toronto, Canada. We present preliminary first results for data from the Vela pulsar, obtained at Parkes, Australia, and processed at ISTS/York University, and discuss plans for future developments.
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Kist, Maicon, Juliano Araújo Wickboldt, Lisandro Zambenedetti Granville, Juergen Rochol, Luiz A. DaSilva i Cristiano Bonato Both. "Flexible fine-grained baseband processing with network functions virtualization: Benefits and impacts". Computer Networks 151 (marzec 2019): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2019.01.021.
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Gutiérrez, Jesús, Jesús Ibáñez i Jesús Pérez. "MIMO OTA Testing Based on Transmit Signal Processing". International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/670154.
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Usually, multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) testbeds are combined with channel emulators for testing devices and algorithms under controlled channel conditions. In this work, we propose a simple methodology that allows over-the-air (OTA) MIMO testing using a MIMO testbed solely, avoiding the use of channel emulators. The MIMO channel is emulated by linearly combining the signals at the testbed transmitter. The method is fully flexible, so it is able to emulate any equivalent baseband narrowband MIMO channel by adequately selecting the weights of the linear combination. We derive closed-form expressions for the computation of such weights. To prove its feasibility, the method has been implemented and tested over a commercial MIMO testbed.
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Pei, Xin, Jian Li, Xuefeng Duan i Hailong Zhang. "QTT Ultra-wideband Signal Acquisition and Baseband Data Recording System Design Based on the RFSoC Platform". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 135, nr 1049 (1.07.2023): 075003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/ace12d.
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Abstract The 110 m QiTai radio Telescope (QTT) will be equipped with multiple Ultra-WideBand (UWB) receivers in the primary and Gregory focus to achieve continuous frequency coverage from 270 MHz to 115 GHz, which poses great challenges to signal acquisition, transmission, and real-time processing. Aiming at 10 GHz and above full-bandwidth acquisition and multi-scientific processing for the QTT UWB signals, an experimental system with high-speed signal acquisition, 100 Gb network multi-path distribution, and fast recording is designed by using advanced direct RF-sampling technology and heterogeneous architecture. The system employs a ZCU111 board to digitize dual-polarization signals with a sampling rate of 4.096 GigaSamples-Per-Second and 12-bit quantization. The collected wideband signals are channelized into 2048 chunks, which are then assembled into 16 sets of digital narrow basebands with 128 MHz bandwidth and transmitted to the processing servers through two 100 Gb ports. A HASPIPE pipeline, UWB_HASHPIPE is designed to receive and store multiple subbands in parallel. Data distribution links can be flexibly configured based on IP addresses and port numbers. The system is verified by pulsar observation experiments on the Nanshan 26 m telescope. 512 MHz bandwidth is selected from the collected L-band receiver signals and recorded in VDIF file format with 8 parallel instances. The test results show that the data integrity is excellent, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the band-merged pulsar profile is stronger than single subband data. This paper provides a high-performance and flexible solution for the design of versatile UWB backends. Meanwhile, the developed platform can be integrated into QTT backends for baseband data collection and Very Long Baseline Interferometry observation.
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Lopes Ferreira, Mário, i João Canas Ferreira. "An FPGA-Oriented Baseband Modulator Architecture for 4G/5G Communication Scenarios". Electronics 8, nr 1 (20.12.2018): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8010002.
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The next evolution in cellular communications will not only improve upon the performance of previous generations, but also represent an unparalleled expansion in the number of services and use cases. One of the foundations for this evolution is the design of highly flexible, versatile, and resource-/power-efficient hardware components. This paper proposes and evaluates an FPGA-oriented baseband processing architecture suitable for communication scenarios such as non-contiguous carrier aggregation, centralized Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) processing, and 4G/5G waveform coexistence. Our system is upgradeable, resource-efficient, cost-effective, and provides support for three 5G waveform candidates. Exploring Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration (DPR), the proposed architecture expands the design space exploration beyond the available hardware resources on the Zynq xc7z020 through hardware virtualization. Additionally, Dynamic Frequency Scaling (DFS) allows for run-time adjustment of processing throughput and reduces power consumption up to 88%. The resource overhead for DPR and DFS is residual, and the reconfiguration latency is two orders of magnitude below the control plane latency requirements proposed for 5G communications.
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Bakulin, Mikhail G., Taoufik Ben Camille Ben Rejeb, Vitaly B. Kreyndelin, Denis Y. Pankratov i Alexey E. Smirnov. "NOMA schemes with symbol level processing". T-Comm 16, nr 5 (2022): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2072-8735-2022-16-5-4-14.
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Requirements for KPI in 6G networks are significantly higher than in 5G networks. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology has been proposed as a solution to meet the requirements of future communication networks. NOMA technology aims to improve the spectral efficiency of wireless communication systems and support the simultaneous operation of large number of subscribers (especially in mMTC scenarios) and provide flexible resource use. This article discusses the popular symbol-level processing NOMA schemes recently proposed as part of the 3GPP standardization, such as SCMA, PDMA, WSMA, MUSA, and other varieties of NOMA. The main advantages and principles of non-orthogonal access technology are illustrated using the NOMA system with division in power domain (PD-NOMA) for uplink and downlink. Characteristics of various symbol-level processing NOMA schemes, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as problems in the way of their implementation in future wireless networks are analyzed. In addition, this article discusses block diagrams of NOMA systems and mathematical models illustrating the formation of baseband signals in such systems. In conclusion, the noise immunity characteristics of the most popular NOMA schemes with symbol-level processing are given for various loading factors. From the analysis performed, it follows that no NOMA scheme has yet been proposed that is effective in various scenarios of future wireless communication systems and has an acceptable processing complexity in combination with flexible resource allocation for mass connection of subscriber devices.
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Asghar, Rizwan, i Dake Liu. "Multimode Flex-Interleaver Core for Baseband Processor Platform". Journal of Computer Systems, Networks, and Communications 2010 (2010): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/793807.
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This paper presents a flexible interleaver architecture supporting multiple standards like WLAN, WiMAX, HSPA+, 3GPP-LTE, and DVB. Algorithmic level optimizations like 2D transformation and realization of recursive computation are applied, which appear to be the key to reach to an efficient hardware multiplexing among different interleaver implementations. The presented hardware enables the mapping of vital types of interleavers including multiple block interleavers and convolutional interleaver onto a single architecture. By exploiting the hardware reuse methodology the silicon cost is reduced, and it consumes 0.126 mm2area in total in 65 nm CMOS process for a fully reconfigurable architecture. It can operate at a frequency of 166 MHz, providing a maximum throughput up to 664 Mbps for a multistream system and 166 Mbps for single stream communication systems, respectively. One of the vital requirements for multimode operation is the fast switching between different standards, which is supported by this hardware with minimal cycle cost overheads. Maximum flexibility and fast switchability among multiple standards during run time makes the proposed architecture a right choice for the radio baseband processing platform.
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Ferreira, Mário Lopes, i João Canas Ferreira. "A Dynamically Reconfigurable Dual-Waveform Baseband Modulator for Flexible Wireless Communications". Journal of Signal Processing Systems 92, nr 4 (12.09.2019): 409–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11265-019-01472-7.
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Lu, Yiqin, Weiyue Su i Jiancheng Qin. "LDPC Decoding on GPU for Mobile Device". Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7048482.
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A flexible software LDPC decoder that exploits data parallelism for simultaneous multicode words decoding on the mobile device is proposed in this paper, supported by multithreading on OpenCL based graphics processing units. By dividing the check matrix into several parts to make full use of both the local memory and private memory on GPU and properly modify the code capacity each time, our implementation on a mobile phone shows throughputs above 100 Mbps and delay is less than 1.6 millisecond in decoding, which make high-speed communication like video calling possible. To realize efficient software LDPC decoding on the mobile device, the LDPC decoding feature on communication baseband chip should be replaced to save the cost and make it easier to upgrade decoder to be compatible with a variety of channel access schemes.
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Kim, Jungah, Yongho Lee, Shinil Chang i Hyunchol Shin. "Low-Power CMOS Complex Bandpass Filter with Passband Flatness Tunability". Electronics 9, nr 3 (17.03.2020): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9030494.
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We present a low-power CMOS active-resistance-capacitance (active-RC) complex bandpass filter (BPF) with tunable gain, bandwidth, center frequency, quality factor, and passband flatness for Bluetooth applications. A transfer function analysis for a cross-coupled Tow-Thomas biquad structure is presented to prove that the flatness profile of the passband gain can be effectively controlled by independently tuning two cross-coupling resistors. The proposed biquad-based complex BPF was employed to realize a fourth-order baseband analog processor for a low intermediate frequency (low-IF) RF receiver. The baseband analog processor was composed of two complex biquad filters and three first-order variable-gain amplifiers. It was fabricated in a 65-nm RF CMOS and achieved wide tuning capabilities, such as a gain of −15.6 to 50.6 dB, a bandwidth of 1.4–3.9 MHz, a center frequency of 1.5–4.1 MHz, and a passband flatness of −1 to 1 dB. It also achieved an image rejection ratio of 40.3–53.3 dB across the entire gain tuning range. It consumed 1.4 mA from a 1 V supply and occupied an area of 0.19 mm2 on the silicon substrate. The implementation results prove that the proposed complex BPF was able to effectively enhance the signal processing performances through the flexible and wide-range tunability of the passband flatness, as well as that of the gain, bandwidth, center frequency, and quality factor.
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Liu, Qi, Rongyi Hu i Shan Liu. "A Wireless Location System in LTE Networks". Mobile Information Systems 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6160489.
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Personal location technologies are becoming important with the rapid development of Mobile Internet services. In traditional cellular networks, the key problems of user location technologies are high-precision synchronization among different base stations, inflexible processing resources, and low accuracy positioning, especially for indoor environment. In this paper, a new LTE location system in Centralized Radio Access Network (C-RAN) is proposed, which makes channel and location measurement more available, allocation of baseband processing resources more flexible, and location service capability opening. The location system contains more than two antenna clusters, and each of them gets time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) of sounding reference signals (SRSs) from different antennas. Then, based on data provided by location measurement units (LMUs), the location information server calculates TDOAs and derives the users’ position. Furthermore, a new location algorithm is raised which can achieve distributed antennas collaboration and centralized location computing. And an improved optimized algorithm with the best TDOA selection is proposed. Finally, simulations are given out to verify the efficiency of the proposed algorithm in this LTE location system.
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Ishebabi, Harold, Philipp Mahr, Christophe Bobda, Martin Gebser i Torsten Schaub. "Answer Set versus Integer Linear Programming for Automatic Synthesis of Multiprocessor Systems from Real-Time Parallel Programs". International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing 2009 (2009): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/863630.
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An automated design approach for multiprocessor systems on FPGAs is presented which customizes architectures for parallel programs by simultaneously solving the problems of task mapping, resource allocation, and scheduling. The latter considers effects of fixed-priority preemptive scheduling in order to guarantee real-time requirements, hence covering a broad spectrum of embedded applications. Being inherently a combinatorial optimization problem, the design space is modeled using linear equations that capture high-level design parameters. A comparison of two methods for solving resulting problem instances is then given. The intent is to study how well recent advances in propositional satisfiability (SAT) and thus Answer Set Programming (ASP) can be exploited to automate the design of flexible multiprocessor systems. Integer Linear Programming (ILP) is taken as a baseline, where architectures for IEEE 802.11g and WCDMA baseband signal processing are synthesized. ASP-based synthesis used a few seconds in the solver, faster by three orders of magnitude compared to ILP-based synthesis, thereby showing a great potential for solving difficult instances of the automated synthesis problem.
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Jatlaoui, Mohamed Mehdi, Daniela Dragomirescu, Mariano Ercoli, Michael Krämer, Samuel Charlot, Patrick Pons, Hervé Aubert i Robert Plana. "Wireless communicating nodes at 60 GHz integrated on flexible substrate for short-distance instrumentation in aeronautics and space". International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 4, nr 1 (17.11.2011): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078711000961.
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This paper presents the research done at LAAS-CNRS and in the context of “NANOCOMM” project. This project aims to demonstrate the potential of nanotechnology for the development of reconfigurable, ultra-sensitive, low consumption, and easy installation sensor networks with high performance in terms of reliability in line with the requirements of aeronautics and space. Each node of the sensor network is composed of nano-sensors, transceiver, and planar antenna. In this project, three-dimensional (3D) heterogeneous integration of these different components, on flexible polyimide substrate, is planned. Two types of sensors are selected for this project: strain gauges are used for the structure health monitoring (SHM) application and electrochemical cells are used to demonstrate the ability to detect frost phenomenon. After processing, sensors data are processed and transmitted to the reader unit using an ultra-wide band (UWB) transceiver. (digital baseband and radiofrequency (RF) head). The design and implementation of reconfigurable wireless communication architectures are provided according to the application requirements using nanoscale 65 nm CMOS technology. It is proposed to integrate on flexible substrate the transceiver using the flip-chip technique. A 60 GHz planar antenna is connected to the transceiver for the wireless data transmission. This paper is focused on the 3D integration techniques and the technological process used for the realization of such communicating nano-objects on polyimide substrate. The first assembly tests were carried out. Tests of interconnections quality and electrical contacts (Daisy Chain, calibration kit, etc.) were also performed with good results. A bumps contact resistance of 15 mΩ is measured.
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Chen, Lue, Jinsong Ping, Jianfeng Cao, Xiang Liu, Na Wang, Zhen Wang, Ping Zhu i in. "Retrieving Doppler Frequency via Local Correlation Method of Segmented Modeling". Remote Sensing 13, nr 14 (20.07.2021): 2846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13142846.
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The high accuracy radio Doppler frequency is critical for navigating a deep space probe and for planetary radio science experiments. In this paper, we propose a novel method based on the local correlation of segmented modeling to retrieve Doppler frequency by processing an open-loop radio link signal from one single ground station. Simulations are implemented, which prove the validity of this method. Mars Express (MEX) and Tianwen-1 observation experiments were carried out by Chinese Deep Space Stations (CDSS). X-band Doppler frequency observables were retrieved by the proposed method to participate in orbit determination. The results show that the accuracy of velocity residuals of orbit determination in open-loop mode is from 0.043 mm/s to 0.061 mm/s in 1 s integration; the average accuracy of Doppler frequency is about 3.3 mHz in 1 s integration and about 0.73 mHz in 60 s integration. The Doppler accuracy here is better than that of the digital baseband receiver at CDSS. The algorithm is efficient and flexible when the deep space probe is in a high dynamic mode and in low signal to noise ratio (SNR). This will benefit Chinese deep space exploration missions and planetary radio science experiments.
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Zhang, Mengxuan, Guixian Cheng, Bohan Yang i Cheng Yang. "Generalized Carrier Index Differential Chaos Shift Keying Based SWIPT with Conversion Noise and Path Loss-Effect". Electronics 11, nr 15 (1.08.2022): 2406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11152406.
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A generalized carrier index differential chaos shift keying with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (GCI-DCSK SWIPT) scheme, is proposed, which is an improved scheme for CI-DCSK SWIPT. Compared to CI-DCSK SWIPT, GCI-DCSK SWIPT is not only more flexible in selecting both index bit number and index carrier number, but also is more practical for considering both path loss and the conversion noise generated by radio frequency (RF) band to baseband. The proposed scheme applied a time-switching manner to harvest the energy carried by the inactive carriers. Theoretical bit error rate (BER) expressions of the scheme over AWGN and multipath Rayleigh fading channels are derived, and the ratio of harvested energy to transmitted energy is derived to desecribe the probability of self-sufficiency on power supply. In addition, the frame-derived factor and the energy carried by inactive carriers are optimized to obtain better BER performance. Simulation results show that taking both path loss and conversion noise into consideration, the scheme is still self-sufficient with good BER performance. Furthermore, by adjusting the number of active carriers of GCI-DCSK SWIPT, some cases of GCI-DCSK SWIPT outperform conversion noise-aware CI-DCSK SWIPT in BER.
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Klinkowski, Mirosław. "Latency-Aware DU/CU Placement in Convergent Packet-Based 5G Fronthaul Transport Networks". Applied Sciences 10, nr 21 (22.10.2020): 7429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217429.
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The 5th generation mobile networks (5G) based on virtualized and centralized radio access networks will require cost-effective and flexible solutions for satisfying high-throughput and latency requirements. The next generation fronthaul interface (NGFI) architecture is one of the main candidates to achieve it. In the NGFI architecture, baseband processing is split and performed in radio (RU), distributed (DU), and central (CU) units. The mentioned entities are virtualized and performed on general-purpose processors forming a processing pool (PP) facility. Given that the location of PPs may be spread over the network and the PPs have limited capacity, it leads to the optimization problem concerning the placement of DUs and CUs. In the NGFI network scenario, the radio data between the RU, DU, CU, and a data center (DC)—in which the traffic is aggregated—are transmitted in the form of packets over a convergent packet-switched network. Because the packet transmission is nondeterministic, special attention should be put on ensuring the appropriate quality of service (QoS) levels for the latency-sensitive traffic flows. In this paper, we address the latency-aware DU and CU placement (LDCP) problem in NGFI. LDCP concerns the placement of DU/CU entities in PP nodes for a given set of demands assuming the QoS requirements of traffic flows that are related to their latency. To this end, we make use of mixed integer linear programming (MILP) in order to formulate the LDCP optimization problem and to solve it. To assure that the latency requirements are satisfied, we apply a reliable latency model, which is included in the MILP model as a set of constraints. To assess the effectiveness of the MILP method and analyze the network performance, we run a broad set of experiments in different network scenarios.
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Ramly, Athirah Mohd, Rosdiadee Nordin i Nor Fadzilah Abdullah. "Application Layer-Forward Error Correction Raptor Q Codes in 5G Mobile Networks for Factory of the Future". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (26.04.2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2257338.
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The future communication requirements for industrial automation will differ significantly from existing technologies. Traffic in Industry 4.0 imposes real-time requirements, requiring ultra-reliable communication (URC) with high reliability and minimal latency. The demand for ultra-high reliability as high as 99.999999 percent and as low as 1 ms end-to-end latency is the major challenge of the NOMA communication system in the factory of the future. The high expectations on reliability and latency need modifications to the radio system’s baseband signal processing, medium access control (MAC) layer, and application layer to protect against packet losses. Thus, this paper investigates the utilization of Raptor Q codes, which is a type of Application Layer Forward Error Correction (AL-FEC), by developing an end-to-end system level simulator to evaluate and analyze the performance of the transmission signals based on cross-layer approach; from the physical layer (PHY), MAC layer, and application layer parameters in an indoor factory network setting. The factory is assumed to be operated with various factory robots of different speeds, from static to 10 km/h. The 5G technology relies heavily on flexible network operations. High user density, high user mobility, deployment, and coverage are all qualities that allow for this flexibility. Through extensive simulations, the results showed that the Raptor Q codes are not only able to give good results, i.e., packet reception rate PRR = 0.9 of 10 m or 1.8% to 10 m or 3.4% depending on different scenarios, but are also able to meet PRR = 0.9 in the mobility scenario at 10 km/h. Thus, the Raptor Q codes can be seen as a good candidate for obtaining results within a strict range of requirements set by URC communications for the factory of the future replacing RLNC.
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Tartarin, Jean-Guy, Éric Tournier i Christophe Viallon. "Evolution Trends and Paradigms of Low Noise Frequency Synthesis and Signal Conversion Using Silicon Technologies". Electronics 11, nr 5 (23.02.2022): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11050684.
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Silicon technologies for HF applications have been proven for more than two decades, and technologies have greatly evolved. Whether CMOS or BiCMOS technologies, the unique combination of radio frequency, baseband, and digital functions allow a very high level of integration. While it is possible to achieve fully integrated transceivers, the major advantages of these silicon technologies lie mainly in their unparalleled performance in the field of frequency synthesis and frequency conversion. We propose in this paper a review of the major results obtained on these RF components since the beginning of the 2000s, also considering the impact of the technology node. The back-end of line (BEOL) process on which depends the quality of microwave monolithic integrated circuits (MMICs) is briefly presented in the introductory part. If circuit performances are tightly bound to the active devices (i.e., the heterojunction bipolar transistor SiGe HBT or CMOS transistor), passive elements (i.e., quality factor of inductors and varactors, losses of transmission, or interconnection lines) as well as the definition of the substrate also play a major role. The core of the article is oriented toward the noise of synthesized signals and frequency conversion. Frequency synthesis is presented through the analog design of a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) or through the direct digital frequency synthesis (DDFS), for which respective figures of merit are presented and discussed in a second section. The spectral purity of the oscillators being decisive in the definition of the throughput of a link is approached through the comparison of different figures of merit (FoM) for a set of circuits achievements over the selected period. If the realization of free oscillators is closely bound to the phase-locked loop (PLL)-type control loop for VCOs, the DDFS solution provides more direct and more flexible alternative at first sight. Therefore, these two solutions are analyzed collectively. Finally, the oscillator integrated in the transmitter or receiver supplies the needed LO (local oscillator) power to the frequency mixer in the frequency conversion module: henceforth, the third part of this study focuses on high-frequency mixer realizations. We thus consider this LO power in some advanced figure of merit mentioned in the second section. The design trade-off of the mixer is presented in an approach combining LO (conversion gain, channel isolation, and phase noise) and RF (HF noise figure and channel isolation) constraints. The final section provides a summary of the results and trends mentioned in the paper.