Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „FLAT PLATE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM”

Progressive collapse of structures caused by extreme or accidental loads may lead to significant loss of life and property. Considerable research efforts have been made to date to mitigate the probability of progressive collapse and its consequences. However, a vast amount of the existing knowledge is pertinent to the reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures whilst the understanding of progressive collapse mechanisms of RC flat plate structures is still limited. RC flat plate structures represent one of the most common construction systems used in residential buildings and car parks in Australia and internationally. The absence of beams, column capitals and drop panels which can help to redistribute the concentrated loads, makes flat plate structures susceptible to punching shear failure at their slab-column connections and subsequent damage propagation, potentially leading to a catastrophic progressive collapse. The post-punching shear behaviour of the slab-column connections and the load redistribution in the slabs are of particular interests, which essentially dominate the load-carrying capacities after punching shear failure. To investigate the progressive collapse mechanisms and resistance of RC flat plates, experimental tests were performed on two 1/3-scaled 2  2-bay RC flat plate substructures specimens under an interior column removal scenario. In addition to the uniformly distributed load (UDL) imposed on the slab, an incremental downward displacement was applied to the interior slab-column connection to simulate the column loss and subsequent collapse. Custom-built column load cells were designed and carefully calibrated to ensure an accurate measurement of the reaction forces and moments at column bases. The overall load-displacement responses, crack propagations, failure modes and strain developments, were recorded and analysed. The complete collapse-resistant behaviour and load redistribution pattern of the specimens were examined, from which three load-carrying mechanism phases, in the form of flexural, tensile membrane and a combination of oneway catenary and dowel actions were distinguished in resisting the applied concentrated load. To study the punching and post-punching shear behaviours of RC slab-column connections being isolated from their parent flat plate structures, a set of numerical modelling techniques was established and verified against the experimental results of eight slab-column connections. In this modelling strategy, the concrete was simulated using solid elements with calibrated Continuous Surface Cap material model (CSCM) and failure criterion for punching shear. The reinforcing bars were explicitly created using beam elements with material properties obtained from the uniaxial tensile tests as well as calibrated failure criterion for rebar rupture. As a result, a competent 3D nonlinear numerical model of RC slab-column connections without shear reinforcement was created, with which, the punching shear failure featuring a critical punching shear surface and an abrupt drop of the applied force in the load-displacement response was able to be accurately reproduced. The post-punching shear behaviour, taking the form of an increased load-carrying capacity which was ceased by rebar fracture in the suspension stage, was also well captured. Using the proposed numerical model, typical punching and post-punching shear failure mechanisms were studied in some detail, finally leading to a simple yet effective analytical solution to accurately and reliably predict the postpunching shear response of RC slab-column connections. To investigate the influences of critical slab design parameters on the progressive collapse resistance of RC flat plate structures subjected to an interior column loss, the already established numerical modelling strategy for RC slab-column connections was employed to simulate our own experiment of the 2  2-bay flat plate substructure under a concentrated load and a similar test under a UDL in the literature for model validation. In addition to the modelling techniques developed for RC slab-column connections, the modelling of bond-slip behaviour at the interface between concrete and reinforcing bars was also highlighted, which was found to have a significant impact on the structural performance of flat plate substructures in progressive collapse. The key structural behaviours of the substructures under large deformations including the tensile membrane and suspension actions were able to be replicated. Further, the validated numerical model being subjected to a concentrated load was used to conduct a series of parametric studies in which the influences of concrete strength, slab thickness and reinforcement ratio on the progressive collapse performance were examined. The outcomes of the parametric studies indicated that the concrete strength and the slab thickness only affected the flexural capacity to different degrees with no impact on the post-failure capacity, whereas the load-carrying capacity due to the tensile membrane action was primarily governed by the amount of slab reinforcement. This research, covering experimental, numerical and analytical studies of RC slab-column connections and flat plate substructures with a missing interior column, offers a further understanding of their punching and post-punching shear behaviours as well as collapseresistant mechanisms. The numerical modelling techniques developed for the substructures with an interior column loss can be readily used to simulate other column loss scenarios (edge column, corner column and multiple columns). Further detailed analyses of the 3D numerical models will help to establish a simplified numerical model to facilitate collapse simulations of entire flat plate structures induced by any potential column removal scenarios.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Eng & Built Env
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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This master thesis deals with study of area, which is intended for construction of apartments building and public facilities. Four building are projected with visually connection by a covered parking place. There are three apartments building and one multifunctional building. The aim of this master thesis is elaboration of project documentation for the implementation of new multifunctional house in the area of the city Uherský Brod. In the first floor is designed café, which has its own entrance. In the second part of the floor is household equipment and utility room, which also has a separate entrance from outside. In the second to fourth floor is ten housing units of different sizes. The object is located on a gently sloping land in the northern part of Uherský Brod in the new city district called “Nad Zámkem”. Wall construction is designed from Porotherm elements. Ceiling construction is monolithic reinforced concrete. Roofing is solved by single-flat roof. The drawing part of this master thesis is processed in AutoCAD.

To investigate the post-punching shear resisting mechanism of slab-column connections having an irregular layout of structural integrity steel, two test specimens were designed, constructed and tested. The aim of the research program is to determine the appropriateness of the CSA A23.3-04 code provision which assume that the post-punching shear resistance is a function of the total area of bottom steel. The first of two test specimens experienced significant tilting which may have reduced the post-punching resistance of the slab-column connection, however, the second test specimen was able to resist the expected post-punching load as required by the CSA code. The slabs were designed with 150% of the required structural integrity steel, a ratio of three to one for area of structural integrity steel provided in each span direction, detailing the minimum slab thickness required for the span length between columns, and provisions for high design live loads. These factors likely reduce the post-punching resistance of slab-column connections, however, the details specified using the code were adequate.
Pour investiguer le mécanisme de résistance des raccordements dalle-poteau avec une disposition irrégulière d’armature pour l’intégrité structurale, deux spécimens ont été conçus, construits et puis testés. Le but du programme de recherche est de déterminer si les provisions inclues dans le code CSA A23.3-04 présentement sont appropriées. Celles-ci supposent que la résistance post-poinçonnement est déterminée en fonction de l’aire totale de l’armature placé dans le bas de la dalle. Le premier spécimen a subi un penchement significatif ce qui aurais pu réduire sa résistance. En revanche, le deuxième spécimen a réussi à résister la charge prévue par l’obligation indiquée dans le code CSA. Les dalles ont été conçues avec 150% de l’armature requise pour intégrité structurale, incluaient un rapport de trois a un pour l’aire d’acier pour l’intégrité structurale dans chaque direction, étaient détaillées avec l’épaisseur de dalle la plus petite pour la portée entre les colonnes et les provisions de conception pour les charges vives les plus élevées ont été utilisées. Tous ces éléments réduisent probablement la résistance des connections dalle-poteau. Cependant, le deuxième specimen était quand même capable d’atteindre la résistance de post-poinçonnement prévue.

In this thesis a flat plate collector (FPC) with plastic transparent insulation materials (TIM) and a low-cost overheating protection system destined for heat supply from 80 to 120°C is presented. A ventilation channel with a thermally actuated door is inserted below the absorber allowing to protect the collector from stagnation conditions, while preserving good performance during normal operation. For this objective, a prototype has been constructed and experimentally tested and in parallel, numerical and CFD models have been implemented with the aim of predicting the thermal behavior of this collector. The present thesis consists of six chapters and a brief summary of each one is given below: In the first chapter, a literature survey is carried out in order to present the most updated R&D status in the field of solar heat at medium temperatures. This literature research has allowed to appreciate the latest findings and key challenges related to the studied topic and to present the contribution of this work to the pool of existing knowledge. The second chapter is devoted to the description of the experimental set up. The problem of overheating for FPC with TIM is first pointed out and the technical description of the studied FPC is then presented. The different sensors used and the test procedures adopted during the experiments are presented. In the third chapter, a fast calculation numerical model is implemented. This model is based on the resolution of the different components of the collector by means of a modular object-oriented platform. Indoor and outdoor tests are performed and have shown the effectiveness of the overheating system being able to maintain low enough temperatures at the collector preventing thus the plastic TIM from stagnation conditions. The comparison of the numerical results with experiments has demonstrated that the code can accurately reproduce the performance of the collector. Several parametric simulations are then performed in order to optimize the collector design: 3125 different configurations are evaluated by means of virtual prototyping and the results have allowed to propose the most promising design of a stagnation proof FPC with plastic TIM able to work at operating temperature 100°C with promising efficiency. In the forth chapter, the most critical elements of the collector (ventilation channel and air gap&TIM) have been substituted by high-level CFD objects in the implemented modular object-oriented code. For the detailed numerical simulations, Large Eddy Simulations (LES) modeling is used. In order to speed-up the simulations, parallelisation techniques are used. The numerical solutions are firstly validated with benchmark cases. Then, the general model of the collector is validated by comparison of the numerical results with the indoor experimental tests showing a reasonable agreement. The preliminary CFD simulation results have allowed to understand the heat transfer and fluid flow at different operating temperatures of the studied collector. In the fifth chapter, a heat transfer analysis of the honeycomb TIM is carried out. The combined radiation and conduction heat transfer across the isolated cell is treated by means of the solution of the energy equation in its three dimensional form which is coupled to the Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE). The Finite Volume Method is used for the resolution of the RTE. The numerical results are compared to experimental measurements of the heat transfer coefficient on various honeycomb TIM given by different authors in the literature showing acceptable agreements. Finally, a parametric study is conducted in order to investigate the effect of the variation of the most relevant optical and dimensional parameters of the TIM on the heat transfer. Finally, the last chapter summarizes the contribution of this thesis and discuss the possible directions of future research.

Solar assisted single-stage absorption heat pump (AHP) was used to supply energy to a floor-heating system by using the exergy methods. An existing duplex-house,in Ankara, with a heating load of 25.5 kW was analysed. Heating loads of the spaces in the building were calculated and a floor heating panel was modelled for each space leading to the capacity of the AHP before it was designed. Solar energy was delivered to the evaporator and high temperature heat input delivered to the genarator are met by auxiliary units operating with natural gas.The solar energy gained by flat-plate collectors was circulated through AHP.The anaysis performed according to the storage tank temperature reference value if the water temperature leaving the storage tank exceeds a predetermined value it is directly circulated through the floor heating system. Exergue analysis were carried out with Mathcad program. Exergy analysis showed that irreversibility have an impact on absorption system performance.This study indicated which components in the system need to be improved thermally.A design procedure has been applied to a water-lithium-bromide absorption heat pump cycle and an optimisation procedure that consists of determinig the enthalpy, entropy ,exergy, temperature, mass flow rate in each component and coeficient of performance and exergetic coefficient of performance has been performed and tabulated.

In this thesis report for Dalarna University in Borlange and Absolicon company the study of a possibility to add an array of concentrating solar collectors to a Torsång district heating system was done. The whole idea of this work was to make a simulation of this kind of system, trying to get 15-20% of solar fraction, and make an economical evaluation. At the same time, another goal was to make two comparisons: between concentrating and flat-plate collector in the same system, and between two tools for collector analysis – Polysun and Absolicon tool, based on TRNSYS, which was designed to estimate the output of the collector for a certain temperature, without any load. During the study, the analysis of the simulating tools was made and the combination of those two tools was used. Using long iteration cycles, involving changing the field layout, number of collectors and distance between collector rows in flat-plate collector case, both types of collectors were analyzed. The method of the analysis was to get an equal output of the field and see the differences, which appear while using different collector types.

The final thesis is focused on the annex of complex of mixed-use buildings toward the church in Brno-Lisen. A pair of buildings consists of a one-storey Building a community of Salesians and two-storey building with parish office. The group of buildings is located on the southern slope in the housing estate of a block of flats from the 80s. Objects vertically copy a curve of the slope and is increasing to the dominant church building. Block of buildings are adjacent by shorter side to the church building and form a small enclosed courtyard inside. The buildings are designed at brick ceramic blocks, buildings are withnout cellar, with flat green roof. Living rooms are located on the southern facade, the north is reserved for corridors. The entrance to the courtyard is connected to the existing service road. Pedestrian approach builds on the existing surrounding landscaping.

PERFORMANCE-BASED ANALYSIS OF A REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEAR WALL BUILDING Garrett Richard Hagen In this thesis, a special reinforced concrete shear wall building was designed per ASCE 7-05, and then the performance was investigated using the four analysis procedures outlined in ASCE 41-06. The proposed building was planned as a 6-story office building in San Francisco, CA. The structural system consisted of a two-way flat plate and reinforced concrete columns for gravity loads and slender structural walls for seismic loads. The mathematical building models utilized recommendations from ASCE 41-06 and first-principle mechanics. Moment-curvature analysis and fiber cross-section elements were used in developing the computer models for the nonlinear procedures. The results for the analysis procedures showed that the building met the Basic Safety Objective as defined in ASCE 41-06. The performance levels for the nonlinear procedures showed better building performance than for the linear procedures. This paper addresses previously found data for similar studies which used steel special moment frames, special concentric braced frames, and buckling restrained braced frames for their primary lateral systems. The results showcase expected seismic performance levels for a commercial office building designed in a high seismicity region with varying structural systems and when using different analysis procedures. Keywords: reinforced concrete structural walls, shear walls, performance-based analysis, ETABS, Perform-3D, flat plate, two-way slab.

In this thesis, experimental and numerical studies have been carried out to investigate the performance of a solar desalination system working on humidification-dehumidification principle under the climatological conditions of Ankara, Turkey. The desalination unit was configured mainly by a double-pass flat plate solar air heater with two glass covers, pad humidifier, storage tank and dehumidifying exchanger. The system used in this work is based on the idea of closed water and open air cycles. A computer simulation program based on the mathematical model was developed by means of MATLAB software to study the effect of different environmental, design, and operational parameters on the desalination system productivity. In this simulation program, the fourth order Runge-Kutta method was used to solve the energy balance equations simultaneously and numerically. In order to compare the obtained theoretical results with experimental ones and validate of the developed mathematical model of the system, an experimental study has been carried out. For that, an experimental set-up was designed, constructed and tested at the solar house of the Mechanical Engineering Department of METU. In addition, the existing solar desalination system was integrated with an evacuated tubular solar water heater unit (closed water circulation) and performance of the system has been studied experimentally.

The access to ideal heating and power techniques has always been highly thought after.This is mainly due to the development in housing architecture and the cold nature of certain regions which has led to an increase in popularity of the heating market and modernised heating technologies. The current DH systems make use of CHP plants for thegeneration of power and electricity. These CHP plants for the most part, are powered through biomass and during winter periods the demand for heating is highly increased.The biggest issue with relying on biomass solely is the constant need to burn wasteproducts which not only results in increasing the demand for consuming in more waste,but also results in producing remains (by-products) that cannot be broken down further and hence might require the utilization of land-space (landfills) for their disposal. Solar modules on the other hand, have gained increased popularity in the recent age. This is mainly due their extremely high flexible ability in converting solar irradiance intoelectrical and thermal energies. This study will try to provide a comprehensive study intothe utilization of a hybrid solar system that combines a standard PV module with a flat-plate collector through estimating the energy demands for a simple housing within Sweden and China. This will be the main aim of the study, however the possibilities of integrating this hybrid solar system alongside current DH systems will mostly be discussed in the first sections to proof the possibility of executing such a system. The theoretical work carried out will only include simulations of having just separate,standalone PV and flat-plate collector modules. However, designing a hybrid solar and DH system will not be the major focus of this study. The results at the end of the report,concluded that the electrical production for the Swedish case were noticeably higher thanthat of the Chinese case in spite of maintaining the same load values through both cases and higher solar irradiation for the Chinese case. Due to PVsyst simulation constraints,the results show that the investment cost of the Swedish PV (electrical component) module was about 3.6 times greater than that of the Chinese which could possibly mean that the Swedish case has a bigger PV module area than the Chinese case in order to meetel ectricity demand monthly. However, when it came to the thermal energy production, it was possible to assume different collectors cases and hence an area of 7m2 was chosen for the Swedish perspective while an area of 4m2 has been considered for the Chinese case. The thermal useful energy values where then compared with heating demands for both of the cases. Finally, the thesis concluded that there was no requirement for having an integrated DH network within the standalone houses, having small electricity and heat demand and hence, it might be more beneficial to have an integrated DH and solar system within more densely populated housing areas.
Efterfrågan på tillgången till idealisk uppvärmning och effektiva tekniker har alltid varithög. Detta beror främst på utvecklingen inom arkitektur och den kalla naturen i vissaregioner som har lett till en ökad popularitet av värmemarknaden och moderniseradevärmeteknologiert. De nuvarande fjärrvärme-systemen använder kraftvärmeverk förproduktion av kraft och elektricitet. Dessa kraftvärmeanläggningar drivs till stor delgenom biomassa och under vinterperioderna ökar efterfrågan på uppvärmning mycket.Det största problemet med att förlita sig på biomassa enbart är det ständiga behovet avatt bränna avfallsprodukter som inte bara resulterar i att öka efterfrågan på konsumtionav fler avfallsprodukter utan också resulterar i att producera rester (biprodukter) sominte kan brytas ned ytterligare och därmed kan kräva användning av markutrymme fördeponering. solar-moduler å andra sidan har ökat popularitet under de senaste åren.Detta beror främst på deras extremt höga flexibla förmåga att konvertera solbestrålningtill elektrisk och termisk energi. Denna studie kommer att försöka tillhandahålla enomfattande studie av användningen av ett hybridsolsystem som kombinerar en standardPV-modul med en flatplate collector för att simulera en solar-modul samt caselera enfristående version genom att uppskatta energikraven för en enkel bostad i Sverige ochKina. Detta kommer att vara huvudmålet med studien, men möjligheterna att integreradetta hybrida solsystem tillsammans med nuvarande DH-system kommer mestadels attdiskuteras i de första avsnitten för att bevisa möjligheten att utföra ett sådant system. Detteoretiska arbetet som utförs kommer endast att innehålla simuleringar av att bara ha enfristående PV- och flatplate collector module, men att utforma ett hybrid sol- och DHsystemkommer inte att vara huvudfokus för denna studie. Resultaten i slutet avrapporten drog överraskande slutsatsen att den elektriska produktionen för den svenskacaselen var märkbart högre än den för den kinesiska caselen trots att de båda caselernabibehöll samma belastningsvärden och högre solbestrålning för den kinesiska caselen.Detta kan förklaras av skillnaden i modulpriser vid simulering genom PVsyst därinvesteringskostnaden för den svenska PV-modulen (elektrisk komponent) var ungefär3,6 gånger större än den för kinesiska, vilket innebär att PVsyst antar ett störremodulområde för svensk modul och därmed mer energiproduktion. Men när det kom tillvärmeenergiproduktionen, var det möjligt att anta olika samlarfall och följaktligen valdesett område på 7m2 för det svenska perspektivet medan ett område på 4m2 har beaktatsför den kinesiska och värmevärden för användbar energi där jämfördes sedan med dekrav som krävs för uppvärmning i båda fallen. Slutligen drog avhandlingen slutsatsen attdet inte fanns något krav på att ha ett integrerat DH-nätverk i de fristående husen ochdärför kan det vara mer fördelaktigt att ha ett integrerat DH och solsystem i tätarebebyggda bostadsområden.

Content of the Diploma thesis is the design documentation a block of flats with trade gallery in Tábor. The design documentation and annexes of diploma thesis are elaborated according to present valid laws, goverment´s restrictions and standards. This object is located on plot no. 1457/33 and 1457/1 cadastre unit Tábor. The building is situated in area designated to housing development. Next to the land are there public infrastructure. The apartment building is divided into 20 flats including one accessible flat and café for 60 customers and max 5 employees. Flats are located from second floor except accessible flat, which is in grounfloor. In grounfloor is common storage area and utility room. Building has four (above-ground) floor. Object is dimensioned 31,7 x 25,2 m and high 13,6 m.The object is builded on finished grade. Load-bearing structural systém is from hollow bricks. Building has flat roof and whole object is thermal insulated.

Foreland and forearc basins are large sediment repositories that form in response to tectonic loading and lithospheric flexure during orogenesis along convergent plate boundaries. In addition to their numerous valuable natural resources, these systems preserve important geologic information regarding the timing and intensity of deformation, uplift and erosion history, and subsidence history along collisional margins, and, in ancient systems, may provide more macroscopic information regarding climate, plate motion, and eustatic sea level fluctuations. This thesis presents two studies focused in the Paleozoic Appalachian foreland basin system along the eastern United States and in the Mesozoic to Cenozoic Matanuska forearc basin system in south-central Alaska.

Strata of the Appalachian foreland basin system preserve the dynamic history of orogenesis and sediment dispersal along the east Laurentian margin, recording multiple episodes of deformation and basin development during Paleozoic time. A well-exposed, >600 m thick measured stratigraphic section of the Pine Mountain thrust sheet at Pound Gap, Kentucky affords one of the most complete exposures of Upper Devonian through Middle Pennsylvanian strata in the basin. These strata provide a window into which the foreland basin's development during two major collisional events known as the Acadian-Neoacadian and the Alleghanian orogenies can be observed. Lithofacies analysis of four major sedimentary successions observed in hanging wall strata record the upward transition from (1) a submarine deltaic fan complex developed on a distal to proximal prodelta in Late Devonian to Middle Mississippian time, to (2) a Middle to Late Mississippian carbonate bank system developed on a slowly subsiding, distal foreland ramp, which was drowned by (3) Late Mississippian renewed clastic influx to a tidally influenced, coastal deltaic complex to fluvial delta plain system unconformably overlain by (4) a fluvial braided river complex. Four samples of Lower Mississippian to Middle Pennsylvanian sandstone were collected from the hanging wall (n = 3) and footwall (n = 1) of the Pine Mountain thrust sheet at Pound Gap to determine sediment provenance in this long-lived foreland basin system. Paleocurrent indicators considered in the context of the regional foreland basin system suggest transverse regional drainage during the development of Early and Late Mississippian delta complexes. Eustatic fall during the early stages of the Alleghanian orogeny to the east saw a shift in regional drainage with the development of a southwestward-flowing and axial braided river system in Early Pennsylvanian time followed by Middle Mississippian transgression of a fluvio-deltaic complex. Detrital zircon U-Pb age data from Lower Mississippian to Lower Pennsylvanian sandstone support regional interpretations of sediment sourcing from probably recycled foreland basin strata along the east Laurentian margin, whereas compositionally immature Middle Pennsylvanian sediment was sourced by a limited distribution of east Laurentia sources reflecting thrust belt migration into the adjacent foreland basin system during Alleghanian orogenesis.

In addition, the stratigraphy of the foreland basin system in the central Appalachian basin is significantly different compared to the stratigraphic record that is typified for foreland basin systems and suggests that the Carboniferous Appalachian foreland basin system investigated in this study does not fit the typical foreland basin model that is used widely today for both ancient and modern systems. Possible factors that produce the observed discrepancies between the central Appalachian and typical foreland basin systems may include differences in the timing, type, and frequency of orogenic events leading to foreland basin development, related variations in the rheology of the underlying lithosphere, and whether forebulge migration is mechanically static or mobile.

The Cordilleran margin of south-central Alaska is an area of active convergence where the Pacific plate is being subducted at a low angle beneath the North American plate. In the Matanuska Valley of south-central Alaska, the geology of the Mesozoic to Cenozoic Matanuska forearc basin system records a complex collisional history along the margin from Cretaceous to Miocene time and provides an opportunity to study how shallow-angle subduction affects upper plate processes. Paleocene-Eocene low-angle subduction of an eastward migrating spreading ridge and Oligocene oceanic plateau subduction caused uplift, deformation, and slab window magmatic intrusion and volcanism in the Matanuska Valley region, thereby modifying the depositional environment and structure of the forearc system. In this study, detailed field mapping in the Matanuska Valley region and structural analysis of Paleocene-Eocene nonmarine sedimentary strata are utilized to better understand the structural response of the forearc basin system to multi-stage flat-slab subduction beneath an accreted continental margin, a process observed along multiple modern convergent margins. Four geologic maps and structural cross-sections from key areas along the peripheries of the Matanuska Valley area and one regional cross-section across the forearc system are presented to delineate its local structural configuration and to contribute to a more complete understanding of how sedimentary and tectonic processes along modern convergent margins may be or have been impacted by shallow-angle type and related subduction processes.

Shear links are used as fuse elements in lateral load resisting systems to provide ductility and dissipate seismic energy. These links have traditionally been employed in eccentrically braced frames, but have more recently been suggested for use in the innovative linked column frame system (LCF). Current design specifications for shear links require intermediate web stiffeners to provide out-of-plane web stability so ductility requirements can be achieved. This research focused on moving from discrete transverse web stiffening to continuously stiffened webs in built up shear links. Built up links were designed to yield in shear when subjected to severe cyclic loading, however the webs of the links were designed using two metal sheets joined by an elastic core. These composite "sandwich" webs allowed for an increase in web thickness (and inherent flexural rigidity) without increasing the shear strength of the links. Numerical and experimental investigations were conducted to assess the performance of composite sandwich links subjected to severe loading. Numerical results showed improved web behavior in sandwich links in which the core material was assigned an elastic modulus greater than 5000psi. Due to fabrication limitations, experimental specimens were fabricated with a core material elastic modulus of 1000psi. These specimens did not perform as well as unstiffened base case links in terms global hysteretic behavior or ductility.

This thesis investigates the mechanisms behind the control of a typical two line kite, where the lines are attached to the kite side by side. This arrangement gives the kite flyer the ability to apply a roll angle to the kite, which then results in a yawing motion. The reason for this yaw rotation has not been adequately described previously. The definitions of roll and yaw for a kite have been re-defined to match the real world behaviour of the kite-bridle-line system. Specifically, these are defined as rotations relative to the lines rather than the kite itself. This detail has been neglected in previous research, and has a significant effect on the turning behaviour of a kite. A static model of a kite represented by flat disks was created. This model allows the out of balance forces and moments to be found for a kite when it is held at any position. When the kite is held with a roll angle applied, the disk angles of attack become unequal. This causes a change in the magnitude, direction, and point of action of the aerodynamic forces on each disk, which can lead to a yaw moment. While this does not give a complete picture of how a kite turns, it does explain one of the two mechanisms that cause a kite to begin to yaw when a roll angle is applied. The other mechanism is due to the velocity of the roll rotation, and is out of the scope of this thesis since a dynamic analysis would be required. The static model showed that any variation to kite geometry or any parameter that affects the equilibrium position of the kite will affect turning response. The most important of these parameters for a simple kite represented by two disks is the dihedral angle. A minimum negative dihedral angle (or anhedral) is required for a kite to turn in the expected direction when a roll angle is applied. The value of the minimum anhedral angle required for this behaviour varies with other parameters, but is generally between 8° and 20°. Other parameters such as bridle geometry also affect the turning response of a kite, primarily because they alter the equilibrium positions of the kite and line. Altering these equilibrium positions has a strong effect on turning response, since it changes the initial disk angles of attack. Additionally, if the kite and line are not aligned perpendicular to each other (which is a rare condition for a kite) a roll angle further changes the disk angles of attack, since the roll angle is applied about an axis relative to the line rather than the kite. An investigation into the effect of varying wind velocity on turning response showed that it has an important effect. Some kites will reverse their response to a given roll angle at some wind velocities, which could make the kite very difficult to control. Additionally, some kites can alter their equilibrium positions sharply with wind velocity, again causing varying turning behaviour as the wind conditions change. Future work should examine the dynamic turning response of kites. A dynamic simulation could be used to examine how the turning response of a kite is influenced by the rate at which a control input is applied. Additionally, the behaviour of the kite once the initial turning movement has begun could be assessed.

The project addresses the social construction located in Frýdlant nad Ostravicí. The proposed building is called: Halfway House. The building is brick with contact insulation, has three floors and a basement. Roofed building is solved by a flat roof. The building contains 11 residential units and two private establishments. The object is fitted into a planar ground. In the basement there are storage rooms, technical facilities and ceramic workshop for leisure activities. On the first floor there is an area reserved for the space of two establishments, which are psychological and legal counseling. There is also wheelchair accessible studio facilities and operation of sanitary facilities. In the second and third floor there is a one-room for hotel and common areas.

The diploma thesis deals with project documentation for the realization of a new fire station class C1 in Valašské Meziříčí. The building is is designet in two operating units - the garage part and the administrative part. The garage part has the necessary technical facilities and stockrooms. Over the garage there are rooms for firefighters performing the service during the night shift. The garage part follows the administrative part of the building, which has three above-ground floors. On the first floor there are offices of fire prevention, population protection and crisis management. On the second floor there are facilities for firefighters - a gym, a sauna, a day room and a classroom. The third above-ground floor is designed for the head of the territorial department, the chief of the fire station and the integrated rescue system office. The main entrance to the building is located in the administrative part of the western side at level 1NP. The structural system of the garage part consists of a prefabricated reinforced concrete frame. The administrative part is built in mansory system. The building is without cellar, roofed with flat roofs.

The aim of the diploma’s work is composition of project documentation for the construction building of crematorium with funeral atrium. Object is situated on the cadastral area Ráj in town Karviná, number of builing plot is 524/1. Building plot is located in close proximity of central cemetery. Building is on the area Z108 (OH). According to local plan, area Z108 (OH) is area of civil equipment – public burial ground. In the building will take place funeral ceremony, cremation of the deceased. There is designed administrative spaces and space for employees of crematorium. Object is designed with partial basement building. In underground floor there is situated only spaces for technology, technical room and store. In the first above-ground floor there is funeral atrium with facility, administrative part, cremaction part with facility. In the second underground floor there is only balcony, where is placed organ. Construction system of object is wall system. External walls in basement are composed like cast-in-place structure of reinforced concrete with thermal insulation. External walls in the first above-ground floor are composed of vertically performe clay blocks. Funeral atrium have external walls from reinforced concrete with thermal insulation. Fasade of atrium is ventilated with granit cladding. There is designed flat roof under the first underground floor. Screed to fall is from thermal insulation. Roof is weighted by aggregate. Hydro isolation is composed from asphalt belts. Under funeral atrium there is flat roof too, but sreed to fall is composed of ceiling construction. Strip foundations is projected from concrete. Floors construction are designed as floatting floor. Stairs are composed as cast-in-place structure of renforced concrete.

In my diploma thesis I drafted a layout of a medical facility of emergency care in the town Kravaře. I focus on a choice of an appropriate structural design and processing of the design documentation for the construction in accordance with the laws, bylaws and the technical standard. The building is a standalone three stories building without cellar and with a flat roof. There are 16 medical units, a pharmacy and an optician. The construction is based on reinforced concrete foundation slab and walled with sand-lime blocks. The ceiling is constructed from cast-in-place reinforced slab. The façade is made of combination of ventilated façade with fibre-cement board paneling, insulation system and a glazed area with sunscreen. The construction is roofed with a warm flat roof. The openings in the external walls are designed as aluminum infills.

This masters thesis deals with the drafting of project documentation of kindergarten. The block of flats is situated on flat land in the cadastral territory of Brno - Zebetin on parcel number 3195. The building has two floors and there in total 2 classes. The structural system is designed from the system Therm. Roofing flat roof with attic.

The aim of my diploma thesis is a design of fire station. The object is designed to be fire station type C and it is for fire brigade. The object is designed in Czech Budweis. The building has two above ground floor. The structural system of building is wall system and reinfroced concrete frame. The roof is warm flat roof. The facade is ventilated with cladding and sandwich facade panel. Drawing part processed in a computer program ArchiCAD.

This diploma thesis deals with the design of a new sports center, which is situated in the cadastral unit of the village Všechovice 787086 (district of Přerov), on the plot number 163/1. The land is a planar character. It is a three floor building with two above-ground and partial basement. The construction is a square ground plan. The building is based on the strips foundation and foundation pads. The wall structural system consists of sandstone km beta sendwix blocks. The frame structural system is made up of reinforced concrete columns and beams, with the brickwork made of ytong classics. The external walls are insulated with a mineral wool insulation etics contact system. Ceiling structures are made of reinforced concrete slabs and wooden ceiling beams. The building is roofed with 3% flat roofs and part of the multipurpose hall is roofed with a curved, rolled roof. The diploma thesis is performed as a design documentation for the building process.

The aim of the Diploma thesis is the project documentation for the execution of the administrative building. This is an administrative building located on the outskirts of Letohrad. The building consists of one section that has three above-ground floors and one section that has only one above-ground floor. The building is used for administration, trade and storage. For administrative work is designed the three-storey part of the building and single-storey part of the building is designated for trade and storage. The main entrances to the building are located on its west side and the next entrances to the building is located on its southern side and northern side. The building is based on foundation strips and pads of plain concrete. The building is designed from a masonry structural system made of concrete blocks made of lightweight concrete and the third floor is partly designed as a timber structure made of wooden KVH squared timber. The ceiling structures are designed from prestressed ceiling panels. Roof structure above the main part of the building is designed two-stage pitched roof octagon shape and the roof above the single-storey part of the building is designed as warm flat extensive green roof.

La platitude différentielle est une propriété des systèmes dynamiques qui permet la transformation d'un système très complexe en un système plus simple appelé système plat.On dit qu'un système dynamique est plat si, et seulement si, il existe un vecteur, appelé vecteur de sortie plate et formé par les variables d'état et d'entrée du système, tel que tous les états, entrées et sorties du système peuvent être exprimés en fonction de ce nouveau vecteur et de ses dérivées temporelles successives. La platitude différentielle a de nombreuses applications dans la théorie du contrôle automatique, telles que la planification des trajectoires, le suivi des trajectoires et la conception de contrôleurs robustes. De plus, la propriété de platitude est récemment entrée dans le domaine de la détection et de l'isolation des défauts. En bref, la détection et l'isolation des défauts sont un sous-domaine de l'ingénierie de contrôle automatique qui traite de la surveillance d'un système, de l'identification du moment où un défaut s'est produit, et de la détermination du type de défaut et de sa localisation. La détection des défauts est effectuée en analysant la différence entre les mesures des capteurs et des actionneurs et les valeurs attendues, dérivées de n'importe quel modèle et appelées valeurs redondantes. Il est courant de dire qu'une erreur est détectée si l'écart ou le résidu dépasse un certain seuil prédéfini. L'isolation des défauts, à son tour, doit permettre de localiser le défaut dans la machine. La méthode la plus récente de détection et d'isolation des défauts, basée sur la propriété de la platitude, calcule des variables redondantes à partir de la mesure de la sortie plate du système et de ses dérivées temporelles successives. Ensuite, des résidus sont déduits de la différence entre les variables mesurées et les variables redondantes. La détection des défauts par cette méthode est garantie. Cependant, l'utilisation d'une seule sortie plate ne permet pas, dans certains cas, d'isoler certains défauts. L'idée proposée par les développeurs de la méthode était d'utiliser plusieurs sorties plates pour augmenter le nombre de résidus, ce qui augmenterait les chances d'isoler davantage de défauts. Cependant, il a également été remarqué que le choix de ces sorties plates n'est pas arbitraire. En d'autres termes, il existe des sorties plates qui, lorsqu'elles sont utilisées ensemble, augmentent l'isolabilité des défauts et d'autres qui ne le font pas. Un des objectifs de ce manuscrit est de caractériser les sorties plates afin d'obtenir une meilleure isolabilité des défauts. Cette caractérisation est ensuite vérifiée par des simulations et des expériences sur un système hydraulique, le système des trois cuves.Au cours de la dernière décennie, de nombreuses études ont montré qu'il existe des systèmes tels que les systèmes thermiques, les systèmes viscoélastiques et les systèmes chimiques qui peuvent être modélisés par des équations différentielles fractionnaires. Par conséquent, les méthodes classiques de détection et d'isolation des défauts, développées à l'origine pour traiter les systèmes d'ordre entier, ne convenaient pas aux systèmes d'ordre fractionnaire, et des méthodes de détection et d'isolation des défauts spécifiques aux systèmes d'ordre fractionnaire ont dû être développées. Un deuxième objectif de ce manuscrit est d'étendre la caractérisation des sorties plates, proposée pour la classe des systèmes plats d'ordre entier à la classe des systèmes plats linéaires d'ordre fractionnaire, puis d'appliquer cette caractérisation à la détection et à l'isolation des défauts qui peuvent apparaitre sur les capteurs et les actionneurs de ces systèmes. L'efficacité de cette caractérisation est également vérifiée par des simulations sur un système thermique bi-dimensionnel
The differential flatness is a property of dynamic systems that allows the transformation of a very complex system into a simpler one called flat system. Roughly speaking, a dynamic system is said to be flat if, and only if, there exists a vector, called flat output vector and formed by the state and input variables, such that all the system states, inputs and outputs can be expressed in function of this new vector and its successive time derivatives. The differential flatness property has many applications in automatic control theory, such as trajectory planning, trajectory tracking and the designing of robust controllers. Moreover, the flatness property has recently entered the field of fault detection and isolation. In short, fault detection and isolation is a sub-domain of automatic control engineering that deals with monitoring a system, identifying when a fault has occurred, and determining the type of fault and its location. Fault detection is performed by analyzing the difference between sensor and actuator measurements and their expected values, derived from any model and called redundant values. It is common to say that an error is detected if the deviation or residue exceeds a certain predefined threshold. Fault isolation, in turn, must make it possible to locate the fault in the machine. The most recent method of fault detection and isolation, based on the flatness property, calculates redundant variables from the measurement of the flat output of the system and its successive time derivatives. Then, the residues are deduced from the difference between the measured variables and the redundant variables. Fault detection by this method is guaranteed. However, the use of a single flat output does not allow, in some cases, to isolate some faults. The idea proposed by the developers of the method was to use several flat outputs to increase the number of the residual signals, which would increase the chances of isolating more faults. However, it was also noticed that the choice of these flat outputs is not arbitrary. That is, there are flat outputs that, when used together, increase the isolability of faults and others that do not. One of the objectives of this manuscript is to characterize the flat outputs in order to obtain a better fault isolability. This characterization is then verified by simulations and experiments on a hydraulic system, the three-tank system.Over the last decade, numerous studies have shown that there are systems such as thermal systems, viscoelastic systems and chemical systems that can be modeled by fractional differential equations. Therefore, classical methods of fault detection and isolation, originally developed to deal with integer order systems, were not suitable for fractional order systems, and fault detection and isolation methods specific to fractional order systems had to be developed. A second objective of this manuscript is to extend the characterization of flat outputs, proposed for the class of integer order flat systems to the class of fractional order linear flat systems, and then to apply this characterization to the detection and isolation of faults that may appear on the sensors and actuators of these systems. The effectiveness of this characterization is also verified by simulations on a bi-dimensional thermal system

The subject of this diploma thesis is a design documentation of multi-functional building. The building has a basement and four above-ground floors. The basement is served as an APS garage. The ground floor contains commercial premises as a bistro, copy centre and hairdresser's. The first floor is used for offices. The third and the fourth floors contain two maisonette with roof decks. Structural system is masonry systém of lightweight concrete block Ytong and RC’s elements. A roof is design as warm flat roof with waterproof membrane of m-PVC foil. Dominant elements are a ventilated cladding Cembrit and glass facade oriented on south-east.

The master’s thesis solves the design and creation of project documentation for the construction of new multifunctional building on parcel 399/30 in the cadastral area Uherské Hradiště - Mařatice. This building plot is intended for construction and is owned by the town of Uherské Hradiště. The location is located in close proximity to the block of flats Pod Svahy. The enclosed building documentation is made in accordance with applicable laws, decrees and standards. Designed multifunctional house is a multipurpose building with one underground and five above ground floors. Basement areas serve as collective garages and backroom areas for residential units. The first floor has a commercial use with cafes, design offices, copy center and a hairdresser. Other above ground floors serve as permanent accommodation in the form of thirteen residential units. A reinforced concrete monolithic skeleton is designed as a support system. The roof is made in the form of a flat roof. The object is based on a base plate.

This thesis deals with the Nursing home in the city of Prostějov. The object includes 36 one room flats and 2 three room flats. There are proposed another equipments which are related to nursing services such as two surgeries, rehabilitation, massage salon, coffee bar and hairdressing salon in the building. The hole building was designed as accesible. The object is two storied, cellarless and its grand plan is indented. It is staffed on plane plot in a quiet area of apartment blocks. There are going to be build new road, parking places and surfaces outside. The roof is designed as flat single casing or double casing. The main structure system is designed as walls of ceramic blocks and ceiling of reinforced concrete. All of the flats are situated on the southern side and the entrances are situated on the northern side.

The diploma thesis is focused on a new building guest house with a restaurant, located in the town of Valašské Klobouky. The land has a sloping character. The structure of the guest house consists of one basement and two above-ground floors. The capacity of the restaurant with a terrace is for 84 people, accommodation for 22 guests in 9 rooms and wellness for 15 visitors. The object is a rectangular shape of a rectangle measuring 25.4x14.25 m. The external and internal vertical structures are made of sand-lime blocks of the KM BETA SENDWIX system, horizontal structures are made of reinforced concrete ceiling. The guest house is insulated with the ETICS contact isulation system. The diploma thesis has the form of design documentation for the building process.

This thesis deals with the design of brewery in Litomyšl. Brewery with beer production 2000hl per year and restaurant for 140 guests and kitchen have the main function of the building. The building is designed as one construction object and its built-up area is 472,2 square meters. The building has a partial basement, two floors and it has structural masonry system. A load-bearing walls of two floors are formed by clay masonry and the load-bearing walls of the basement are formed by permanent formwork. A roof of the building is a flat roof with a slope of 3 percent and the finish is made of modifed bitumen membrane.

Annotation The aim of the thesis is new-building design of mixed-use building in cadastral of community Nové Mesto nad Váhom. Building is situated at free estate in the marginal of community. Building estate must have new feeder road built. In front of building will be the parking area. The mixed-use building is detached and four-storied building. At basement is situated underground garage for ten cars and store houses for flats. At first floor is situated cafe and commercial space. Cafe has kitchen, stock rooms and WC. Commercial space has staff facilities and sales area. One of the shops has back door to stock room. Parking space for staff is next to building. At second and third floor is situated eight flats. Four flats has 3 rooms and four left has 2 rooms. Each flat has got stock room, WC and bathroom. In each flat is situated entrance to the terrace. Terrace is on extensive green roof orientated to southwest. In the flats is kitchen together with living room because of bigger space. Floor in the flats is combination of ceramic tiles and laminated floor. Area with flats has a lift. Concrete foundations are on micropiles. Project is set up with system LIVETHERM building has heat cladding. At the building are plastic windows and colour is matching with facade. Foothpath around building are from interlocking pavement. Whole documentation is prepared to realization of building. Drawing documentation is prepared by software AUTOCAD.

The assignment of the diploma thesis follows the pre-diploma project of an urbanistic design - New South District and its Connection to Svratka. The subject of the thesis is a design of the apartment building on the riverside of Svratka. The thesis has a form of architectonic study. The architectural design is interconnected with surrounding built-up area and preserves the existing height level. It also respects the definened riverside. The construction has a shape of the letter "U" opening towards the river. The shift of the north "wing" of the building creats widened "inner block". It offers diverse views on the river and accentuates an "incorporation" of the river to inner block. The residential building has six floors and two underground parking floors. It is devided into 7 units with separate entrances. The proposed part of the building is located directly on the riverbank. It includes 16 housing units and one leasable space.

The main topic of this thesis is the detailed design of new building in a secluded state administration buildings with a flat roof single shell. The building has two floors and no basement. Structural system used is brick. Vertical structures are made of Porotherm system and horizontal structures are made of monolithic reinforced concrete. The load is transferred to the monolithic strip foundation.

THE DIPLOMA THESIS IS A PROJECT OF A NEW SPORTS CENTER IN PROSTĚJOV. THE BUILDING IS DETERMINED FOR RECREATION AND SPORT AND IT IS SET IN STRAIGHT PARCEL. IT'S DESIGN IN A TWO-STOREY WITH NO BASEMENT. THE BUILDING IS DESIGNED FROM THE SYSTEM POROTHERM. THE FRAME STRUCTURAL SYSTEM IS MADE UP OF REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS AND BEAMS. THE CEILING STRUCTURE IS MADE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE CEILING. FLOOR PLAN IS RUGGED. ROOF STRUCTURE IS DESIGNED AS A GREEN FLAT ROOF AND PART OF THE MULTIPURRPOSE HALL IS ROOFED WITH THE ROOF MADE BY GLUED TIMBER TRUSSES. THE BUILDING IS BASED ON THE STRIPS FOUNDATION AND FOUNDATION PADS.

The main goal of this diploma project is detailed design documentation of the House with hospic care, Litomyšl. The building consists of two upper ground floor levels. First ground floor is partially recessed into the terrain. The layout responds to the main purpose of the building - healthcare and social centre. Hospic is located on the edge of the city, it has the L-shaped form. The area with rooms for patients is distributed along the southern facade. The objective of connecting the interior and garden in the courtyard has been considered while forming the exterior finishing surfaces. The capacity of the hospice centre is 15 beds. The building structure is made of masonry walls with reinforced concrete slabs and combination of single sloped roof with flat roof.

Thesis "Library Information Centre" is processed in the form of detailed project documentation containing all requirements in accordance with applicable standards and regulations. The proposed building is designed as a four-storey building shape of a rounded rectangular triangle with dimensions of 33.5 x 33.5 m, which is a full basement. The building is used for administration, services and information centers. In 1PP is located technical facilities, warehouses and supply. On the 1st floor there is space for services and administration. In the 2nd floor-3rd floor spaces are located Information Center. In the last nadzemím floor space technical background. The building is based on a baseplate. Used a support system is a combined structural system of walls and columns. The building is designed with an offset raster light curtain wall system complete with sun protection. The object is implemented to suit the requirements of the wheelchair. For the object will be set up areas for landscaping and furniture for visitors to the building. On the southwest side of the parking lot will be built with 39 stalls including 5 places for the disabled with a reduced pavement. In the Northeast will be built with 44 parking spaces for cars.

The master‘s thesis concerns about the freestanding multipurpose sport hall with a base for sportsmen and spectators and its associated sport and regeneration centre. The object is situated in a city district Brno Bohunice. The designed building is divided into a single storey multipurpose sport hall and an outbuilding with two above-ground floors and a partial third floor above the entrance part of the building. Object’s plan shape forms a rectangle with recessed entrance part. The load-bearing structure consists of a combined column and wall construction system. The main multipurpose hall is roofed with arched glulam laminated trusses, which are supported by steel columns covered by sandwich panels. The outbuilding’s vertical load-bearing structure is formed by clay blocks. The horizontal load-bearing structure is formed by prestressed concrete floor slab. The building is based on shallow foundations. The object is designed to be barrier-free for sportsmen and visitors as well.

The subject of my diploma thesis is the design of a home for the elderly, a home with a special regime in the form of project documentation for the construction. The house is designed as stand-alone and wheelchair accessible. The building is partly basement, with four above-ground floors. On the first floor there are social and operational spaces of the home for seniors and there is also commercial use. The other above-ground floors include individual client rooms and operational background. The construction system of the whole building is a transverse wall. The building is based on concrete foundation. The external wall is made of clay block and the floor structure is made of cast-in-place reinforced slab. Basement loadbearing masonry is monolithic reinforced concrete. The staircase is a monolithic reinforced concrete and a lift is in the mirror of the staircase. The object is roofed with warm flat roof. Other part of this thesis is an assessment of building physics and fire safety requirements.

The master’s thesis deals with a detailed design documentation of a newly-built kindergarten. The building will be composed of two double-storey objects with a mono-pitched roof and of one single-storey object with a flat green roof. Rooms in the double-storey objects will serve as classes. The kindergarten will contain 4 classes for 100 kids in total. In the single-storey object will be situated rooms meant for operational purposes. All objects will be realised as masonry buildings without a cellar. The design documentation does include hard stadning and hard landscaping.

The thesis aims to project documentation stage for the execution of the project. It is an object of school for first and second grade. Documentation is prepared on the basis provided architectural studies. The building is situated on the flat, gently sloping land. The work consists of drawing and text documentation, evaluation of thermal, structural and acoustic and lighting requirements for construction, fire safety design of the building. The work includes specialized project on HVAC - heating namely, draft power and boiler room layout and design of concrete structures specialized namely design and dimensioning of cross continuous reinforced slab.

The project deals with structure design of a new – built sports centre with the capacity up to 120 persons. It is situated in the sports grounds of Zákamenné in a flat terrain lot with area of 21 811 m2. The building wasn´t designed for disabled people, it is designed with partial basement, it has got two floors with irregular shape and the floor area of 752,44 m2. On the first floor the building is split into two sections - northern, which is the sports part and southern. which is the facilities part (café, entrance to flat,...). On the second floor there is a caretaker´s flat in the southern part, northern part serves mainly for administration purposes. The northern part also offers access to a non-public terrace. Basement is situated under southern part and serves technical facilities of the buildiung. The support structure system consists of concrete strips foundations, supporting wall system built with Ytong aerated concrete blocks, the ceiling system is made of reinforced concrete floor, which also supports construction of a warm flat roof.

The project deals with building technological study of the new building apartment house in Brno. Dimensions of the apartment building are 29.2 m x 57.2 m with shape of a rectangle. The apartment house is designed terraced in five floors as a brick structure of the ceramic blocks. Ceilings and construction in contact with the ground is reinforced concrete. In groundfloor are located garages, other floors are designed as residential. The project deals with technological processes of bottom building, time and financial demands of construction.

The subject of this thesis is the design and project documentation of a new multifunctional house in Strakonice. The building has four floors, without basement, and is located on a slightly sloping land in the suburban part of the town of Strakonice. It is based on shallow foundations and covered with a flat roof. It is a transverse wall structural system, build with clay block masonry, with the semi-assembled ceiling structures of ceramic and concrete beams and inserts. It is conceived as a double-aisle layout. The ground floor of each wing consists of the establishment of shops and house facilities. The overground floors are designed as six residential units of varying size category. Both tracts have separate entrances to both the residential portion and to individual businesses. The building is designed from traditional building materials. In addition to the architectural construction and civil-engineering design, a part of this project is also a fire safety design and an assessment from the perspective of building physics.

L'activité volcanique Cénozoïque de la plaque arabique offre l’exemple d’un volcanisme intra-plaque développé dans un contexte géodynamique complexe. Après la construction des trapps basaltiques du plateau yémeno-ethiopien, vers 31 Ma, à partir de l’Oligocène terminal, une importante activité volcanique se développe, liée à la déchirure du bouclier arabo-nubien (l’ouverture de la Mer Rouge) et la convergence des plaques Arabique et Eurasienne (zone de suture du Bitlis-Zagros). Au nord de la plate-forme arabique, le volcanisme syrien s’implante dans un contexte général de compression, autour de la ceinture de plissement des Palmyrides et des zones de déformation adjacentes (graben de l'Euphrate et système de faille de la Mer Morte). Cette thèse porte sur l'évolution volcano-tectonique de la partie nord de la plaque Arabique, en particulier celle de la Syrie, combinant des études géochronologiques, géochimiques et morpho-structurales et modélisation géophysique. Notre analyse morpho-structurale de la province volcaniques de Harrat Ash Shaam (HASV), au sud des Palmyrides, a permis de caractériser numériquement plus de 800 cônes volcaniques monogéniques répartis entre le Sud Syrien, la Jordanie et le Nord de l’Arabie Saoudite. Cette étude de la distribution des cônes volcaniques, jointe aux données existantes sur l’épaisseur de la couverture sédimentaire traversée démontre que la corrélation négative constante entre l’intensité des éruptions volcaniques et la profondeur au socle est, de fait, influencée par le contexte tectonique. L’analyse normative de la distribution des cônes volcaniques, comparée à l'épaisseur des sédiments, est essentielle pour caractériser la tectonique d'extension dans des différentes zones. La télédétection, les observations sur le terrain, et notre base de données de plus de 40 nouvelles datations potassium-argon, entre 50 ka et 18 Ma, nous permettent de préciser l’évolution volcano-tectonique de la Syrie. Cette approche pluri-disciplinaire, appliquée au plateau du Al-Lajat, le champ volcanique le plus récent de HASV, nous a permis, d’abord, de proposer un modèle chronologique pour le processus d'altération en relation aux changements paléoclimatiques du Quaternaire. Elle a surtout permis de reconstituer l'évolution volcano-tectoniques du Nord de la plaque arabique, au cours du Cénozoïque et de situer différents styles d’extension responsables de l’activité volcanique. Le volcanisme commence à la fin de l’Oligocène et au Miocène inférieur, entre ~ 26 Ma et ~ 16 Ma, au sud des Palmyrides, dans la province de HASV, dans un contexte tectonique extensif. Du Miocène au Quaternaire, entre ~ 19 Ma et ~ 0,08 Ma, des champs volcaniques se développe au nord des Palmyrides, conséquence d’extensions tectoniques de second ordre. A partir du milieu du Miocène, la compression augmente et le développement magmatique se poursuit potentiellement dans une ambiance tectonique de rotation antihoraire. Au sud des Palmyrides cela correspond à l’activité volcanique constante au cours des 13 derniers millions d’années. Au nord, cette phase d’activité liée à la tectonique de rotation est concentrée dans l’espace et le temps ; elle correspond au Plateau d’Homs, dans le NW Palmyre, entre 6,3 et 4,3 Ma.Nous proposons un nouveau modèle d'évolution volcano-tectoniques pour la province volcanique de HASV. Il souligne le rôle essentiel joué par l'hétérogénéité de la lithosphère (sous les chaînes du Liban – anti-Liban et la zone de plissement des Palmyrides) dans la formation du volcanisme à partir du milieu du Miocène. Nos modèles géophysiques permettent d’estimer à ~150 km la profondeur moyenne de la limite lithosphère-asthénosphère. A l’analyse des données géochimiques des laves, la zone à l’ouest de HASV où cette limite apparaît moins profonde, à ~ 110 km, s’expliquerait par une anomalie thermique plutôt que par une remontée asthénosphérique. Géochimiquement, les laves Cénozoïques syriennes sont alcalines et sub-alcalines et présentent les caractères de magma émis dans un contexte continental intra-plaque. Ce sont des basanites et des téphrites, des basaltes, des andésites et des trachy-andésites basaltiques et des trachybasaltes. 30 échantillons des différentes provinces volcaniques syriennes montrent une variation significative des signatures des éléments traces incompatibles. Le processus de genèse de ces magmas montre une influence négligeable de la contamination crustale, et un effet de la cristallisation fractionnée limité à l'olivine et au clinopyroxène. Nos résultats montrent que les laves syriennes ont été produites par des taux variables de fusion partielle à partir de niveaux différents dans le manteau lithosphériques présentant localement des hétérogénéités. Le rapport LREE / MREE nous permet de montrer non seulement comment le degré de fusion partielle varie spatialement et temporellement au cours des derniers 18 Ma, mais encore d’illustrer comment varie le degré et le style de la tectonique au cours de cette période. L’une des conséquences de ce contexte tectonique pourrait être la migration d’hydrocarbures vers l’ouest du fait de l’extension crustale au Plio-Quaternaire dans la zone du graben de l’Euphrate à l’Est ; cette migration pourrait être guidée vers une zone de la croûte préalablement fracturée située au NW de la Syrie.En conclusion, le volcanisme cénozoïque de la Syrie résulte d’une tectonique extensive, influencée périodiquement par la convergence arabo-eurasienne, au nord et à l’est, convergence qui provoque des styles tectoniques de rotation ; cette tectonique contrôle la fusion partielle à différents niveaux dans le manteau. Le volcanisme du Nord de la plaque arabique se développe dans le cadre de l’ouverture de la Mer Rouge et débute en même temps que l’activité au sud de la mer Rouge. Il se poursuit jusqu’à la période historique, progressivement amorti vers le nord, l’extension étant contrariée par le cadre compressif à la marge Arabie-Eurasie
The Cainozoic volcanic activity in the Arabian plate offers an excellent opportunity to study the intra-plate volcanism related to a complex tectonic setting. After the emplacement of the Yemeni-Ethiopian continental flood basalt plateau, ~ 31 Ma, since the Late Oligocene, widespread volcanic activity has erupted, accompanying the separation of the Arabian-Nubian Shield (development of Red Sea rifting) and the convergence between the Arabian and Eurasian plates (building of the Bitlis-Zagros thrust belts). In the northern part of the Arabian platform, the Syrian volcanism has taken place in a general compressional context, surrounding the Palmyride fold belt and adjacent to other deformation zones (e.g. the Euphrates graben and Dead Sea fault system). This thesis focuses on the volcano-tectonic evolution of the northern part of the Arabia plate, particularly in Syria, and essentially combines geochronological, geochemical, and morpho-structural studies, in addition to supplementary geophysical models. Our morpho-structural analyses of the Harrat Ash Shaam volcanic province (HASV) to the south of Palmyride, digitally characterise more than 800 monogenic volcanic cones placed in Syria, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia. These new data, together with the availability of sediment thickness data, give rise to a new volcano-tectonic approach. This study shows that the consistent negative correlation between the intensity of volcanism and basement depth is influenced by the tectonic setting. The normative analysis of the distribution of volcanic cones in relation to sediment thicknesses is critical when comparing the extension of tectonics in different zones. Remote sensing imagery, field work and our > 40 new K-Ar ages dataset ranging from ~0.05 million years (Ma) to ~18 Ma allow us to precise the Syria volcano-tectonic evolution through time. Regarding the youngest lava flows of HASV, the integration of the results makes it possible to suggest a chronological model for the alteration processes in relation to Quaternary palaeoclimatic changes. We reconstruct the volcano-tectonic evolution in Syria during the Cainozoic, and suggest different extension styles to explain the volcanism. It started during the Late Oligocene and the Early Miocene, between ~26 Ma and ~16 Ma to the South of Palmyride at HASV in an extensional tectonic context. From the Miocene to the Quaternary, between ~19 Ma and ~0.08 Ma, the volcanism developed to the North under second order extension tectonic conditions. Since the Mid-Miocene, the compression has increased and the magma erupted in relation with a possible counter-clockwise rotation tectonic relative motion. South of Palmyride it corresponds to the widespread eruptive phase during the last 13 Ma. To the North, this phase, linked to rotational tectonics appears concentrated in superficies and time; it corresponds to the Homs plateau, NW Palmyride, between 6.3 and 4.3 Ma. We suggest a new volcano-tectonic evolution model for the HASV. It highlights the essential role of lithosphere heterogeneity beneath Lebanon, in particular the anti Lebanon Mountains and Palmyride thrust belts, in triggering the Mid-Miocene volcanism. Our geophysical models estimate mean lithosphere – asthenosphere boundaries at about 150 km depth. According to geochemical data, the zone of shallowest depth ~110 km, W of HASV, could be the result of a thermal anomaly, instead of an asthenospheric upwelling. Geochemically, the Cainozoic Syrian lavas are alkaline and subalkaline rocks, typical of magma emitted in continental intraplate contexts. They are basanites and tephrites, basalts, basaltic andesites, basaltic trachyandesites, and trachybasalts. Thirty samples from different Syrian volcanic provinces show significant variation in terms of incompatible trace element signatures. Crustal contamination plays a negligible role in the process of magma genesis, as does crystal fractionation, essentially restricted to olivine and clinopyroxene. Our results show that the Syrian lava has been generated by variable rates of partial melting from different levels of a locally heterogeneous lithospheric mantle. The LREE/MREE ratio not only illustrates how the degree of partial melting was changed spatially and temporally during the last ~18 Ma, but it also illustrates how the degree and style of extension tectonics changed through time

In the present scenario, the buildings being constructed in India are increasing in Heights. The metropolitans are witnessing higher and higher towers with each coming day. Though, the average height of these new buildings may be ranging between 25-30 stories, there are a number of structures which are fairly high and need better structural understanding to give economical and safer designs. Majority of structures in India are based on the traditional Moment resisting frame concept in which the beams and columns cater to the gravity loads as well as the lateral loads by virtue of its moment resisting capacity. But this system is not efficient for buildings with heights greater than 15 stories. Hence, a different concept of shear wall is being widely used as a suitable alternative. With shear walls lateral force resisting capacity of buildings is improved drastically. With the use of shear wall structural system together with special moment resisting frame or with ordinary moment resisting frame the height of building has increased to 30 stories. But, in order to achieve economy, aesthetics and architectural requirements a new structural system which comprises of only slab and column mechanism is being looked upon. This structural system is called as flat plate system in which the thickness of slab remains constant and columns rest directly on the slabs without any drops or beams. This system not only has an aesthetic edge over traditional beam-column system or flat slab system, but also proves to be economical because of lower construction time and lesser storey height. In this paper we have studied the behavior of flat plate system with increase in height. The study comprises of buildings with and without shear wall systems. The problem areas of using flat plate system have been discussed in this paper, which primarily comprise of unbalanced moment transfer of moment from column to slab, and lesser stiffness of the building as a whole to resist lateral loads. The behavior of flat plate system has also been compared with the traditional beam column moment resisting frame system and their differences have been studied. Analysis of Flat plate under gravity loading has also been performed in computer software and is compared with the direct design method of IS 456. Future scope of this paper includes economical comparison of the moment resisting frame structure and flat plate structure.

Many existing flat-plate buildings are seismically deficient and pose a threat to life safety if subjected to ground motions of even low to moderate intensity. Failure in such structures is typically the result of punching failure at the slab-column connection. Because of this, performance-based retrofit procedures are needed to upgrade these non-ductile buildings. This investigation evaluated the use of lightweight pumice stone concrete (LWPSC) infill panels as a retrofit alternative for flat-plate buildings. Six four-tenth-scale slab-column subassemblies were designed and detailed based on ACI 318-63 and current performance-based testing requirements. Except for one bare frame specimen, all the subassemblies were retrofitted with prefabricated LWPSC infill panels and subjected to quasi-static loading conforming to FEMA 273. The geometry of the individual units was governed by weight limitations for handling and erection. Among the variables studied were connections between the slabs and the infill wall and the addition of uniformly distributed perforations (circular and rectangular openings). All of the retrofitted specimens had significant increases in both strength and stiffness over that of the bare frame. The behavior of the specimen with the infill panels not attached to the slabs was similar to that of a masonry wall without any connections to the frame. Although diagonal tension cracks formed within the recessed region, ultimate failure of the infill did not occur. Instead, frame-wall interaction transmitted large concentrated shear forces into the column that eventually contributed to failure of the longitudinal tension splice. The remaining subassemblies all had connections to the slabs and perforations within the wall. Specimens with circular holes experienced uniformly distributed cracking throughout the entire area of the infill wall. The chosen configuration, however, did not sufficiently weaken the wall, and shear failure of the column stopped the test. Because of its ductility and energy dissipation mechanism, the most promising infill panel configuration contained rectangular perforations. Two different reinforcement patterns were tested using rectangular openings. The addition of diagonal reinforcement between openings had the effect of increasing the yield strength of the wall as well as better maintaining post-yield deterioration.

Master of Science
Department of Architectural Engineering
Bill Zhang
In structural engineering, it can be challenging to incorporate a sustainable design without sacrificing structural integrity. However, flat plate voided slabs are an interesting alternative to standard flat plate concrete slab systems due to the reduction in concrete and the recycled plastic void formers that are located inside the slab. This research is necessary because an increased use of voided slabs in concrete structures would help fight climate change by reducing the CO₂ emissions caused from cement production. This report will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of implementing plastic void formers into solid flat plate slabs and examine a parametric study comparing voided flat plate slabs to solid flat plate slabs. The design of the voided slabs follows the CRSI Design Guide for Voided Concrete Slabs while also referencing the ACI 318-14 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete. Three different slabs for typical square bay sizes of 25 feet, 30 feet, and 35 feet are designed to compare the effectiveness of voided slabs to traditional solid slabs.

碩士
國立成功大學
航空太空工程學系
107
Oscillating heat pipe (OHP) is a two-phase flow heat transfer device that uses the phase change of the working fluid to transfer heat. This study shows that a copper flat plate oscillating heat pipe (FP-OHP) is used to visualize the flow phenomena and measure its thermal resistance. 25% and 50% of the working fluid filling ratio can be smoothly started, the thermal resistance also significantly decreasing with 120W power input. 75% of filling ratio system won’t be started until input power is increased to 160W.In addition,the concept of thermal resistance in parallel is used to analyze the heat conduction path in this study,and to understand ratio of heat conduction through the copper base plate as well as the working fluid. It can be found that the calculation results have a tendency conforming to the experimental results. Therefore,the ideal hypothesis can be used to make an analysis of the FP-OHP heat conduction path. Next,make the flat plate oscillating heat pipes with different base plate thickness to conduct the experiment and calculate the heat conduction path. It can be found that the Type 2 FP-OHP with a thinner thickness has a higher thermal resistance, but the heat transfer through the working fluid is higher than that of Type 1 FP-OHP.