Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Flash Interface”

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.<br>Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

Thesis (M.S.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.<br>Includes bibliographical references.

<p>Denna rapport är en beskrivning av ett examensarbete utfört vid SPM Instrument AB i Strängnäs. SPM Instrument utvecklar och tillverkar produkter för konditionsmätning av maskiner. </p><p>Målet var att skapa en cd-presentation i redigeringsprogrammet Macromedia Flash 5.0, som på ett enkelt sätt med rörliga bilder förklarar en konditionsmätningsmetod som kallas för Stöt Puls Metoden.</p><p>Uppgiften löstes genom att först inhämta information om Stöt Puls Metoden, sedan utformades Flash-filmen och slutligen testades och utvecklades filmen tills dess att jag och SPM Instrument var nöjda. </p><br><p>This report describes a final-year project performed at SPM Instrument AB in Strängnäs. The company develop and manufacture products for condition monitoring of machinery equipment. </p><p>The goal was to create a cd-presentation in the computer software Macromedia Flash 5.0, with moving pictures which explains a condition monitoring method that is called the Shoke Pulse Method. </p><p>The task was solved by first finding out information about the Shoke Pulse Method, then the Flash-movie was created and finally the movie was tested and developed until both I and SPM Instrument was satisfied.</p>

<p>This report is a part of a diploma work, conducted as a part of a Master of Science degree. The diploma work consists of a preliminary study, two case studies, a user study, a paper and this report. It was created at the Linköping University for the department of Science and Technology, in cooperation with Unilever Research in the UK, and partly with the EC founded project, Smartdoc IST-2000-28137. </p><p>Hand-held, mobile devices like Personal Digital Assistances (PDAs) are becoming increasingly popular in today’s wireless world. While trying to pack all the possible information into a small window, a nightmarish scenario is created for the interface designer to deal with. The goal for this project was to investigate different Visual User Interfaces (VUIs)on PDAs, and how to apply desktop interaction techniques to PDAs. </p><p>A VUI model based on Zooming User Interface (ZUI) techniques, to adapt two complete different visualisation application areas; on-line brand-based shopping and flood warning system for PDAs, is presented. The on-line brand- based shopping was evaluated in a benchmark usability study comparing it to traditional PC based on-line shopping.</p>

As the integration scale of transistors/devices in a chip/system keeps increasing, effective cooling has become more and more important in microelectronics. To address the thermal dissipation issue, one important solution is to develop thermal interface materials with higher performance. Carbon nanotubes, given their high intrinsic thermal and mechanical properties, and their high thermal and chemical stabilities, have received extensive attention from both academia and industry as a candidate for high-performance thermal interface materials. The thesis is devoted to addressing some challenges related to the potential application of carbon nanotubes as thermal interface materials in microelectronics. These challenges include: 1) controlled synthesis of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes on various bulk substrates via chemical vapor deposition and the fundamental understanding involved; 2) development of a scalable annealing process to improve the intrinsic properties of synthesized carbon nanotubes; 3) development of a state-of-art assembling process to effectively implement high-quality vertically aligned carbon nanotubes into a flip-chip assembly; 4) a reliable thermal measurement of intrinsic thermal transport property of vertically aligned carbon nanotube films; 5) improvement of interfacial thermal transport between carbon nanotubes and other materials. The major achievements are summarized. 1. Based on the fundamental understanding of catalytic chemical vapor deposition processes and the growth mechanism of carbon nanotube, fast synthesis of high-quality vertically aligned carbon nanotubes on various bulk substrates (e.g., copper, quartz, silicon, aluminum oxide, etc.) has been successfully achieved. The synthesis of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes on the bulk copper substrate by the thermal chemical vapor deposition process has set a world record. In order to functionalize the synthesized carbon nanotubes while maintaining their good vertical alignment, an in situ functionalization process has for the first time been demonstrated. The in situ functionalization renders the vertically aligned carbon nanotubes a proper chemical reactivity for forming chemical bonding with other substrate materials such as gold and silicon. 2. An ultrafast microwave annealing process has been developed to reduce the defect density in vertically aligned carbon nanotubes. Raman and thermogravimetric analyses have shown a distinct defect reduction in the CNTs annealed in microwave for 3 min. Fibers spun from the as-annealed CNTs, in comparison with those from the pristine CNTs, show increases of ~35% and ~65%, respectively, in tensile strength (~0.8 GPa) and modulus (~90 GPa) during tensile testing; an ~20% improvement in electrical conductivity (~80000 S m⁻¹) was also reported. The mechanism of the microwave response of CNTs was discussed. Such an microwave annealing process has been extended to the preparation of reduced graphene oxide. 3. Based on the fundamental understanding of interfacial thermal transport and surface chemistry of metals and carbon nanotubes, two major transfer/assembling processes have been developed: molecular bonding and metal bonding. Effective improvement of the interfacial thermal transport has been achieved by the interfacial bonding. 4. The thermal diffusivity of vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT, multi-walled) films was measured by a laser flash technique, and shown to be ~30 mm² s⁻¹ along the tube-alignment direction. The calculated thermal conductivities of the VACNT film and the individual CNTs are ~27 and ~540 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹, respectively. The technique was verified to be reliable although a proper sampling procedure is critical. A systematic parametric study of the effects of defects, buckling, tip-to-tip contacts, packing density, and tube-tube interaction on the thermal diffusivity was carried out. Defects and buckling decreased the thermal diffusivity dramatically. An increased packing density was beneficial in increasing the collective thermal conductivity of the VACNT film; however, the increased tube-tube interaction in dense VACNT films decreased the thermal conductivity of the individual CNTs. The tip-to-tip contact resistance was shown to be ~1×10⁻⁷ m² K W⁻¹. The study will shed light on the potential application of VACNTs as thermal interface materials in microelectronic packaging. 5. A combined process of in situ functionalization and microwave curing has been developed to effective enhance the interface between carbon nanotubes and the epoxy matrix. Effective medium theory has been used to analyze the interfacial thermal resistance between carbon nanotubes and polymer matrix, and that between graphite nanoplatlets and polymer matrix.

Sammanfattning Syftet med detta examensarbete har varit att, genom att kombinera kunskaperna inom interaktionsdesign med kunskaperna inom visuell kommunikation, ta fram en designlösning åt Norrköpings Visualiseringscenter C som presenterar innehållet i deras utställning “Att visa det man inte kan se“ på deras hemsida. För att nå detta syfte har utvalda teorier och metoder använts och i uppsatsen beskrivs designprocessen steg för steg - hela vägen från uppdragsbeskrivning, genom teorier och metoder till den färdiga designlösningen. Teorierna i denna uppsats handlar om interaktionsdesign, gränssnittsdesign, användbarhet, visuell kommunikation och teknik. Metoderna för att få reda på användarnas åsikter behandlar användartester, Card sorting, LoFi- och HiFi-prototyper. Resultatet av rapporten beskriver hur Adobe Flash kan användas för att skapa en interaktiv design för en webbsideapplikation med kontroll över interaktion, visuell kommunikation och användbarhet. Resultatet visar också hur användarnas återkoppling under användartesten påverkade slutresultatet. Resultatet visar även att en designprocess är olik från gång till gång men att det finns vissa riktlinjer som kan hjälpa en designer genom processen på ett kontrollerat sätt.<br>Abstract The goal of this thesis is to combine knowledge from interaction design with knowledge from visual communication in order to create a design solution for Norrköping Visualization Center C and their exhibition “To show what can’t be seen“ for their website. To reach this goal, theories and methods have been used and in this thesis the design process is described - step by step - all the way from the clients brief to the final design solution. The theories in this thesis are concerned with interaction design, interface design, usability, visual communication and technology. The methods employed are usability tests, card sorting, and LoFi- and HiFi-prototypes. This thesis report describes how Adobe Flash can be used to create an interactive design for a website application that establishes control over the interaction, visual communication and usability. It also shows how the users feedback on the user tests affected the end result. This thesis also shows that a design process can vary from time to time but there are some guidelines that can help a designer through the process in a controlled way.

De nombreuses applications industrielles spécifiques dans les secteurs tels que l’automobile, le médical et le spatial, requièrent un très haut niveau de fiabilité. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse traite de l’étude de la fiabilité des mémoires non-volatiles à grille flottante de type NOR Flash. Après une introduction mêlant l’état de l’art des mémoires non volatiles et la caractérisation électrique des mémoires Flash, une étude sur l’effet des signaux de polarisation a été menée. Un modèle a été développé afin de modéliser la cinétique de la tension de seuil durant un effacement. L’effet de la rampe d’effacement a été montré sur les cinétiques mais aussi sur l’endurance. Une étude sur la durée de vie de l’oxyde tunnel a ensuite montré l’importance de l’utilisation d’un stress dynamique. Nous avons caractérisé cette dépendance en fonction du rapport cyclique et du champ électrique appliqué. Enfin l’endurance de la cellule mémoire Flash a été étudiée et les effets de la relaxation durant le cyclage ont été analysés<br>Many specific applications used in automotive, medical and spatial activity domains, require a high reliability level. In this context, this thesis focuses on the study of floating gate non-volatiles memories reliability more precisely in NOR Flash architecture. After an introduction mixing the state of art of non-volatiles memories and the electrical characterization of Flash memories, a study on the polarization signals effect has been led. A model has been developed in order to model the threshold voltage kinetic during an erase operation. The erasing ramp effect has been shown on kinetics and also on cycling. Then, a study on the tunnel oxide lifetime has shown the importance of relaxation during stress. This dependence has been characterized as a function of duty cycle and the electric field applied. Finally, Flash memory cell endurance has been explored and the relaxation effects during the cycling has been analyzed

This thesis deals with implementation of software support of alarm system design for security levels 1 and 2 based on web technologies. It was created intuitive and interactive graphical interface that allows to create high-quality alarm system design even for laymen. First of all the paper deals with standards and jurisdictions in the Czech Republic, according to which the alarm system design must be followed. In theoretical part there are described in detail characteristics of alarm systems and its components, proper functioning principles, installation principle, advantages and disadvantages of use, individual steps of alarm system design and proposed methodology of alarm system design for security level 1 and 2. In practical part there are described the technologies used for the implementation of this paper, structure of created webpage and detailed steps of alarm system design, as seen by user during creating. The result of this paper is a webpage, which is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part provides information about the alarm system architecture, alarm system design and established methodology for the alarm system design for security level 1 and 2. In the practical part the user, on the basis of gained information and interactive help, can create high-quality alarm system design that meets all the conditions for reliable function in real traffic.

During the design and verification of the Hyperstone S5 flash memory controller, we developed a highly effective way to use the SystemVerilog direct programming interface (DPI) to integrate an instruction set simulator (ISS) and a software debugger in logic simulation. The processor simulation was performed by the ISS, while all other hardware components were simulated in the logic simulator. The ISS integration allowed us to filter many of the bus accesses out of the logic simulation, accelerating runtime drastically. The software debugger integration freed both hardware and software engineers to work in their chosen development environments. Other benefits of this approach include testing and integrating code earlier in the design cycle and more easily reproducing, in simulation, problems found in FPGA prototypes.

Due to technology scaling, which means reduced transistor size, higher density, lower voltage and more aggressive clock frequency, VLSI devices may become more sensitive against soft errors. Especially for those devices used in safety- and mission-critical applications, dependability and reliability are becoming increasingly important constraints during the development of system on/around them. Other phenomena (e.g., aging and wear-out effects) also have negative impacts on reliability of modern circuits. Recent researches show that even at sea level, radiation particles can still induce soft errors in electronic systems. On one hand, processor-based system are commonly used in a wide variety of applications, including safety-critical and high availability missions, e.g., in the automotive, biomedical and aerospace domains. In these fields, an error may produce catastrophic consequences. Thus, dependability is a primary target that must be achieved taking into account tight constraints in terms of cost, performance, power and time to market. With standards and regulations (e.g., ISO-26262, DO-254, IEC-61508) clearly specify the targets to be achieved and the methods to prove their achievement, techniques working at system level are particularly attracting. On the other hand, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices are becoming more and more attractive, also in safety- and mission-critical applications due to the high performance, low power consumption and the flexibility for reconfiguration they provide. Two types of FPGAs are commonly used, based on their configuration memory cell technology, i.e., SRAM-based and Flash-based FPGA. For SRAM-based FPGAs, the SRAM cells of the configuration memory highly susceptible to radiation induced effects which can leads to system failure; and for Flash-based FPGAs, even though their non-volatile configuration memory cells are almost immune to Single Event Upsets induced by energetic particles, the floating gate switches and the logic cells in the configuration tiles can still suffer from Single Event Effects when hit by an highly charged particle. So analysis and mitigation techniques for Single Event Effects on FPGAs are becoming increasingly important in the design flow especially when reliability is one of the main requirements.

Lorsqu'un liquide chaud est mis en contact avec un liquide volatil plus froid, on peut dans certaines conditions obtenir une vaporisation explosive, dite explosion de vapeur, dont les consequences peuvent etre importantes sur les structures avoisinantes. Cette explosion necessite le melange intime et la fragmentation fine des deux liquides. En geometrie stratifiee, ces deux liquides sont initialement superposes et separes par un film de vapeur. Un declenchement de l'explosion peut entrainer une propagation de celle-ci le long du film. Une etude des resultats experimentaux disponibles et des modeles existants a permis de retenir les points principaux suivants : - la propagation de l'explosion est due a la propagation de l'onde de pression le long du film ; - le melange est du au developpement d'instabilites de kelvin-helmholtz induit par le cisaillement de vitesse entre les deux liquides derriere l'onde de pression. C'est la presence de la vapeur dans le liquide volatil qui permet d'expliquer les vitesses de propagation experimentales et le cisaillement de vitesse au passage de l'onde de pression. Un premier modele a ete propose par brayer en 1994 pour decrire la fragmentation et le melange des deux corps en presence. Contrairement aux resultats experimentaux, les calculs de l'auteur ne presentent pas un auto-entretien de l'explosion. Nous avons donc construit un nouveau modele de melange et de fragmentation base sur le phenomene d'atomisation qui se developpe au passage de l'onde de pression. Nous avons aussi tenu compte de l'aspect transitoire du transfert de chaleur entre les gouttes de combustible et le liquide volatil, ce qui nous a conduit a elaborer un modele de transfert de chaleur transitoire. Ces deux modeles ont ete introduits dans un logiciel eulerien de calcul thermohydraulique, tridimensionnel, multiconstituants, mc3d. Les resultats de calcul montrent un accord tant qualitatif que quantitatif avec les resultats experimentaux et confirment les options de base de la modelisation

Les régions d'interface du Soleil de la photosphère à la chromosphère et au delà de la basse couronne ont été étudiées depuis longtemps à partir des spectres éclairs obtenus durant les éclipses totales de Soleil. Les éclipses sont les plus adaptées à ce type d'observation, car l'occultation a lieu en dehors de l'atmosphère terrestre et sont exemptes de lumière parasite provenant du " disque occulteur " (c'est-à-dire la Lune), une propriété de grande importance lorsqu'on observe très près du limbe. La résolution temporelle des premiers spectres éclairs ne permettait pas de résoudre les basses couches de la région de transition et étaient dégradés par des effets non-linéaires qui affectaient les films photographiques. Les images Extrême-UV des régions du limbe obtenues récemment dans l'espace sont analysées avec des modèles hydrostatiques à une dimension, comme les modèles VAL, mais cette méthode ne tient pas compte du phénomène d'émergence du champ magnétique, associé au réseau chromosphérique qui est responsable de: i) les spicules et le milieu interspiculaire, ii) les jets coronaux et macrospicules, et iii) l'ovalisation de la chromosphère. Les composants de la région d'interface sont dynamiques et différents types d'ondes et de reconnexions magnétiques sont supposées agir. Un saut de température de 0.01 à 1 MK est observé autour de 2 Mm d'altitude plus loin, et produit plus loin le flot du vent solaire permanent. Le processus de chauffage responsable du saut de température et la source du vent solaire ne sont pas encore compris. Dans cette thèse, nous traitons ces problèmes à partir de spectres éclairs récents réalisés avec les technologies actuelles de détecteurs CCD rapides, images d'éclipse en lumière blanche et des images EUV obtenues avec des instruments de missions spatiales. Nous illustrons les mécanismes des émissions des raies à faible potentiel de première ionisation (FIP) présents dans les basses couches de l'atmosphère solaire. Nous identifions plus précisément les raies associées aux éléments low FIP à la fois à l'intérieur et en dehors des protubérances. Nous caractérisons en détail les enveloppes d'hélium dans les interfaces. Méthodes: 1) technique des spectres éclairs sans fente avec imagerie CCD rapide (éclipses 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010 et 2012). 2) Analyses des spectres du continu entre la myriade de raies d'émission au delà du limbe solaire et construction de courbes de lumière de quelques raies d'émission low FIP et high FIP. 3) Evaluations d'inversions d'intégrales d'Abel pour déduire des échelles de hauteurs et discussion de variations de température et de densité. 4) Analyse d'images EUV obtenues aux mêmes instants depuis AIA/SDO, SWAP, SOT/Hinode des missions spatiales, images en lumière blanche pour discuter des constituants de la couronne. Principaux résultats: i) Le bord du Soleil et la bifurcation de température : le vrai continu à partir du spectre observé aux altitudes de 400 à 600 km au dessus du limbe dans le contexte de de mesures de diamètre solaire et processus d'émission. ii) raies d'émission visibles dans les régions d'interface comprenant les raies He I et surtout la raie He II Pα visible à partir de 800 km au dessus du limbe, produite par photo-ionisation, montrant des enveloppes autour du Soleil et permettant le sondage de l'interface protubérance-couronne. iii) La contribution de structures de petite taille comme les spicules et macrospicules commençant à 1 Mm au dessus du limbe et montrant que les modèles hydrostatiques stratifiés 1D ne sont pas adaptés pour les couches supérieures. Nous montrons que les raies low FIP sont sur-abondantes dans l'interface photosphère-chromosphère, que la couronne solaire est alimentée en permanence par ces éléments. Le titane est un élément abondant dans le milieu interspiculaire, et une analogie sur les gradients de température entre les interfaces photosphère-chromosphère et protubérance-couronne peut être établie.

Кваліфікаційна робота включає пояснювальну записку (74 стор., 47 рис.). У бакалаврському проєкті реалізовано систему для моніторингу та прогнозування погодних умов у реальному часі. Система складається із пристрою для зчитування та передачі через bluetooth даних про погоду, серверної частини для обробки та передачі даних із погодних сервісів у мережі Internet, а також мобільного додатку для прийому, обробки та відображення інформації, отриманої із пристрою та сервера. Метою проєкту є створення пристрою, який міг би передавати дані про погодні умови безпосередньо у смартфон, а також мобільного додатку із зручним інтерфейсом, який міг би приймати, обробляти та відображати ці дані. У цьому проєкті було розроблено такі компоненти: – апаратний засіб на основі платформи Arduino, датчика та bluetooth-передавача; – сервер, створений мовою програмування Python на базі мікрофреймворку Flask та із використанням REST-архітектури; – мобільний додаток, створений мовою програмування Java для пристроїв з операційною системою Android; Результатом розробки є апаратний та програмний продукти, які дозволяють зручно відстежувати поточні погодні умови, а також формують прогноз для конкретної місцевості. Додаток має простий та зрозумілий інтерфейс, мінімальні системні вимоги (пристрій із операційною системою Android версії 4.4 чи вище, bluetooth-модуль та доступ до мережі Internet). Режим моніторингу може працювати без доступу до мережі Internet.<br>The bachelor's project implements a system for monitoring and forecasting weather conditions in real time. The system consists of a device for reading and transmitting weather data via bluetooth, a server part for processing and transmitting data from weather services on the Internet, and a mobile application for receiving, processing and displaying information received from the device and server. The aim of the project is to create a device that could transmit weather data directly to a smartphone and a mobile application with a user-friendly interface that could receive, process and display this data. The following components were developed in this project: − device based on Arduino platform, sensor and bluetooth transmitter; − a server which was created in the Python programming language, based on the Flask microframework and using the REST architecture; − mobile application created in the Java programming language for devices with the Android operating system; The result of the development is hardware and software products that allow conveniently track current weather conditions and form a forecast for a specific area. The application has a simple and clear interface, minimum system requirements (device with Android operating system version 4.4 or higher, bluetooth module and Internet access). The monitoring mode can work without Internet access.

En considérant que la perception de la musique est pluri sensorielle, nous nous interrogeons sur l’espace qui se crée entre l’œuvre musicale et l’auditeur, défini comme une sorte de membrane ou de peau qui réagit de manière sensible. Nous pensons avoir décelé cet espace dans la rencontre particulière entre musique, texte et mise en scène à l’opéra, rencontre qui interpelle nos sens et agit aussi sur notre mémoire. Après avoir défini dans un premier temps ce que peut être le sens-sensible de l’art et de la musique, nous montrerons ensuite comment la démarche sensitive ou sensible est au cœur de la création lyrique contemporaine, à travers les opéras de Philippe Boesmans, Peter Eötvös, Kajia Saariaho et Ana Sokolović, et plus particulièrement dans Written on Skin de George Benjamin.Créé en 2012, cet opéra s’inspire de la légende médiévale du Cœur mangé. Martin Crimp, l’auteur du texte de Written on Skin, imagine trois anges contemporains ramenant à la vie un riche propriétaire et son épouse Agnès. L’un des anges devient enlumineur : il s’installe chez le propriétaire pour lui confectionner un livre, écrit sur la peau. Agnès s’y intéresse… Texte et musique mettent en jeu un véritable système organique et vivant qui interfère avec les sens et mobilise la mémoire. Comme dans toute histoire relationnelle, il y est question du désir, celui qui s’inscrit sur notre peau<br>Our perception of music being multi-sensory, we wonder about the space arising between the musical work and the listener, which can be defined as a kind of responsive membrane or skin. We may have detected that space in the peculiar way music, text and staging interact in opera, thus both addressing our senses and acting upon our memory.We will first define the sensitive sense of art and music, then demonstrate how such a sensitive or responsive approach is at the core of contemporary lyrical creations such as Philippe Boesmans’, Peter Eötvös’, Kajia Saariaho’s and Ana Sokolović’s operas, and most notably in George Benjamin’s Written on Skin.Created in 2012, this opera was inspired by the medieval legend of the Eaten Heart. Martin Crimp, author of the text of Written on Skin, imagines three contemporary angels bringing back to life a wealthy landlord and his wife Agnès. One of the angels becomes an illuminator: he gets himself settled at the landlord’s to work on a book which will be written on the skin. Agnès is interested in it ... Text and music bring into play a real living organic system that interferes with the senses and mobilizes one’s memory. As in any relational history, it is about desire, the one that gets written on our skin

ABSTRACT An interface is a tool and concept that refers to a point of interaction between components, and is applicable at the level of both hardware and software. This allows a component, whether a piece of hardware such as a graphic card or a piece of software such as an internet browser, to function independently while using interfaces to communicate with other components via an input /output system and an associated protocol. The Open NAND Flash Interface Working Group (ONFI) is a consortium of technology companies working to develop open standards for NAND flash memory chips and devices that communicate with them. The formation of ONFI was announced at the Intel Developer Forum in March 2006. The ONFI Working Group is dedicated to simplifying integration of NAND Flash memory into consumer electronics (CE) applications and computing platforms. ONFI 2.3 standard specifications were ratified in 16 AUG 2010 which includes the EZNAND protocol. EZ-NAND, which stands for error correction code (ECC) Zero NAND, was designed to remove the burden of the host controller to keep pace with the fast changing ECC requirements of NAND technology. Here In this thesis work, I design a NAND Flash Interface I/O which meets all the specifications of ONFI 2.3. This I/O design is working for data rate of 200 MHz with I/O supply voltage of 1.8V. I tested my design in ADE using SPECTRE as simulator.

碩士<br>國立臺灣師範大學<br>機電科技研究所<br>99<br>In recent years, the technology of Electroencephalography (EEG) is used for the handicapped for tool. Because the EEG equipment is expensive and bulky, the users are not very popular. This research proposes an on-line real-time Brain Computer Interface (BCI) system. We use Electroencephalography (EEG) signal processing methods for directional controls, which may be used for the handicapped for useful tool. This research uses the optical response of the stimulus of the color and frequency of light flashes as feedback to achieve directional acquisition. The electric pole locations include the frontal lobe and occipital lobe of the human brain. The EEG data is processed to filter the unwanted noise, and then the data is processed through Fast-Fourier-Transform (FFT) to observe the difference of the signals of different color and frequency. The FFT data is then analyzed through statistics, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) methods to extract the features. In the end, the data is put into a Supper Vector Machine (SVM) of a machine learning to achieve directional acquisition. This research used 3 test subjects, which the best off-line classification rate could achieve 78.3% correctness, and the mean classification rate could achieve 75.4% correctness. Then, the on-line real time classifier accuracy could achieve 68.33% correctness, which has reached a preliminary practicability.

碩士<br>國立中央大學<br>電機工程研究所<br>95<br>The present study proposes a new visual evoked potential (VEP)-based brain computer interface (BCI). Users gaze at different spatially separated flash channels (FCs) in order to induce visual evoked signals that have temporal sequences corresponding to the gazed FCs, so that the gazed FC can be recognized and the command mapping to the gazed FC can be sent out to achieve control purposes. To achieve distinct flickering sequences among different FCs, we utilized different frequencies and phases to encode the flashing sequences of different FCs. The proposed system provides the high flexibility in expansion of FC number and high information transfer rate (ITR) which are superior to the traditional SSVEP-based and FVEP-based BCIs. In this thesis, we have built an eight-FC system. The command transfer rate and detected accuracy are 0.52 sec/command and 100%, respectively.

The PhD project is composed of two parts: a creative project (thirty-five per cent of the total research project); and an exegesis (sixty-five per cent). The creative project employs a pair of chat-bots, natural language processing artificial intelligence agents, to act as comedian and straight-man in a comedy performance based on a topic supplied by the user in a web-based interface. This is an interdisciplinary project that draws on the domains of humour theory, creativity theory, creative writing, and human-computer interaction theory to illuminate the practice of comedy scriptwriting process in a new-media environment.

In 1960's Gordon Moore predicted that the increase in the number of components in integrated circuits would exponentially decrease the relative manufacturing cost per component with time. The semiconductor industry has managed to keep that pace for nearly 45 years and one of the main contributors to this phenomenal improvement in technology is advancement in the field of lithography. However, the technical challenges ahead are severe and the future roadmap laid by the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors looks mostly red (i.e. no solution has been found to specific problem). There are efforts in the industry and academia directed toward development of newer, alternative lithographic techniques. Step and Flash Imprint Lithography (SFIL) has recently emerged as one of the most promising alternatives, capable of producing high resolution patterns. While it has numerous advantages over conventional photolithography, several engineering challenges must be overcome to eliminate defects due to the nature of contact imprinting if SFIL is to be a viable alternative technique for manufacturing tomorrow's integrated circuits. The complete filling of template features is vital in order for the SFIL imprint process to truly replicate the template features. The feature filling phenomena for SFIL was analyzed by studying diffusion of a gas, entrapped in the features, through liquid imprint resist. A simulation of the dynamics of feature filling for different pattern configurations and process conditions during the SFIL imprint step is presented. Simulations show that initial filling is pressure-controlled and very rapid; while the rest of the feature filling is diffusion-controlled, but fast enough that diffusion of entrapped gas is not a cause for non-filling of features. A theory describing pinning of an air-liquid interface at the feature edge of a template during the SFIL imprint step was developed, which shows that pinning is the main cause of non-filling of features. Pinning occurs when the pressure at the air-liquid interface reaches the pressure of the bulk liquid. At this condition, there is no pressure gradient or driving force to move the liquid and fill the feature. The effect of several parameters on pinning was examined. A SFIL process window was established and template modifications are proposed that minimize the pinning at the feature edge while still preventing any extrusion along the mesa (pattern containing area on the template) edge. Part of semiconductor manufacturing community believes that optical lithography has the capability to drive this industry further and is committed to the continuous improvement of current optical patterning approaches. Some of the major challenges with shrinking critical dimensions (CDs) in coming years are the control of line-edge roughness (LER) and other related defects. The current CDs are such that the presence or absence of even a single polymer molecule can have a considerable impact on LER. Therefore molecular level understanding of each step in the patterning process is required. Computer simulations are a cost-effective approach to explore the huge process space. Mesoscale modeling is one promising approach to simulations because it captures the stochastic phenomena at a molecular level within reasonable computational time. The modeling and simulation of the post-exposure bake (PEB) and the photoresist dissolution steps are presented. The new simulator enables efficient exploration of the statistical excursions that lead to LER and the formation of insoluble residues during the dissolution process. The relative contributions of the PEB and the dissolution step to the LER have also been examined in the low/high frequency domain. The simulations were also used to assess the commonly proposed measures to reduce LER. The goal of the work was to achieve quantification of the effect of changes in resist composition, developer concentration, and process variables on LER and the associated defectivity.<br>text

<div> <div> <div> <p>Surfaces and interfaces in ionic solids play a pivotal role in defining the trans- port properties and microstructural evolution in many of the existing and emerging material applications, including energy-related systems such as fuel cells, recharge- able batteries, as well as advanced electronics such as those found in semiconducting, ferroelectric, and piezotronic applications. Here, a variational framework has been developed to understand the effects of ionic species and point defects on the structural, electrochemical and chemomechanical stability of grain boundaries in polycrystalline ceramics. The theory predicts the equilibrium and phase transition conditions of charged interfaces, and quantifies the properties induced by the broad region of electrochemical and chemomechanical influence in front of a grain boundary capable of spanning anywhere from a few angstroms to entire grains. As an example application, the microstructural mechanisms leading to the onset of the flash during electric field assisted sintering were predicted, where the experimentally observed cascading charge flow, resulting in the onset of a flash event was rationalized. Also, the model was applied to describe the effects of grain boundary drag by the interfacially accumulated ionic species and charged defects during grain growth under electrical, chemical, mechanical, or structural driving forces. Finally, abnormal grain growth in ionic solids with an emphasis on the structural and electrochemical character of the grain boundaries was demonstrated. Here, two moving grain boundary types, highly mobile and immobile interfaces are identified, resulting in three grain size populations. </p> </div> </div> </div>

This dissertation examines the figures of the shaman and the cyborg, arguing that both act as intermediaries between the organic world of bodies and the artificial world of culture and machines. Using the sf of Robert Holdstock, David Zindell and Kathleen Ann Goonan as starting points, new forms of embodiment in the context of the cyborg and the shaman's shared narrative of radical boundary dissolution are critically and imaginatively examined. Throughout this thesis, the works of Deleuze and Guattari, Sadie Plant, Manuel De Landa, Erik Davis, Donna Haraway, Terence McKenna, and other speculative theorists who operate at the nexus of technological culture and the shamanic imagination serve as guidelines.<br>English Studies<br>M.A.